Environment-friendly nano-pesticide particles, and preparation method and application thereof
By preparing nanoparticles loaded with fluopyram, the problems of low dispersion and low utilization rate of existing pesticides in the control of pests and diseases have been solved, achieving efficient and environmentally friendly pest and disease control, reducing toxicity to fish embryos and juveniles, and promoting the development of green agriculture.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUIZHOU UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing chemical pesticides have drawbacks in controlling pests and diseases, including poor dispersibility in water, low utilization rate, high loss rate of active ingredients, environmental damage, and high toxicity to fish embryos and juveniles. They are difficult to simultaneously and effectively control pests and diseases and protect the ecological environment.
Nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram were prepared by modifying them with a zinc metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) and a polydopamine film to form nanoparticles with a diameter of 500-700 nm. This improved the solubility, adhesion, and targeting of the pesticide, reduced the amount used, and decreased the harm to non-target organisms.
It improves the utilization rate and targeting of pesticides, reduces pesticide runoff, lowers toxicity to fish embryos and juveniles, significantly prevents and controls plant fungal diseases, and at the same time reduces environmental damage and promotes the development of green agriculture.
Smart Images
Figure CN122123379A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of pesticide preparation technology, specifically to an environmentally friendly nanopesticide particle, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] Crops inevitably suffer from various pests and diseases during their growth. To reduce the loss of crop quality and yield caused by these pests and diseases, chemical pesticides have come into the public eye. However, most commercially available pesticides for pest and disease control suffer from serious problems such as poor dispersibility in water, low utilization rate, and high loss of active ingredients. Furthermore, while traditional pesticides protect crops from disease, they also inevitably cause some environmental damage. For example, when applying pesticides to rice and fish co-cultured fields, high concentrations of pesticides may lead to fish mortality, while low concentrations may result in poor pest and disease control. Especially for fish embryos or juveniles, compared to adult fish, they are less resistant and more sensitive to pesticides. Even low concentrations of pesticides can cause the death of fish embryos or juveniles, making the control of plant fungi that damage crops through pesticides even more difficult. Moreover, the excessive and inappropriate use of pesticides can also lead to pesticide resistance in pathogens. Therefore, many researchers are dedicated to developing more environmentally friendly and efficient pesticide formulations.
[0003] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention proposes a method for preparing and applying environmentally friendly nanopesticide particles. The nanopesticides prepared from the nanopesticide particles of this invention can not only reduce the damage to embryos and juvenile fish with lower resistance to pesticides, but also control plant fungal diseases caused by rice sheath blight. This not only reduces the dosage of pesticides used, but also improves the target rate of pests and diseases and reduces the damage to the environment caused by traditional pesticides. This provides a new approach for developing efficient, specific, and environmentally friendly nanopesticides that protect the ecological environment. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Therefore, one objective of this invention is to provide an environmentally friendly nanopesticide particle, wherein the nanopesticide particle is a nanopesticide particle loaded with fluopyram, and is prepared by the following steps:
[0005] 1) Take zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methylimidazole at a mass ratio of 0.9:1. Prepare a solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and anhydrous methanol at a solid-liquid ratio of 0.9 g:20 mL. Prepare a solution of 2-methylimidazole and anhydrous methanol at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:20 mL. After the two solutions are completely dispersed, mix them thoroughly, seal the container, and keep it at 50 ℃ for 180 min to obtain a mixed solution.
[0006] 2) After centrifuging, washing with methanol, centrifuging again, and drying the mixed solution obtained in step 1), zinc metal-organic frameworks were obtained;
[0007] 3) Take equal amounts of the zinc metal-organic framework, dopamine hydrochloride, and fluopyram as described in step 2). Dissolve each of the three substances in 50% methanol solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g: 50 mL. Add Tris solution with pH 8.5 to the three solutions at a volume ratio of 1:8 (50% methanol solution: Tris solution) and react in the dark. Mix the three solutions thoroughly and stir. Then add acetone and stir. Centrifuge to obtain nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram.
[0008] Furthermore, the centrifugation conditions described in step 2) are all 9000 rpm / min and 8 min;
[0009] Furthermore, the drying process described in step 2) requires overnight drying under vacuum at 60°C;
[0010] Furthermore, after drying as described in step 2), a grinding operation is also required;
[0011] Further, the zinc metal-organic framework described in step 2) has a particle size of 400-700 nm;
[0012] Preferably, the zinc metal-organic framework described in step 2) has a particle size of 500 nm;
[0013] Furthermore, the light-protected reaction described in step 3) requires 12 hours to proceed;
[0014] Furthermore, the addition of acetone and stirring in step 3) requires stirring for 30 minutes;
[0015] Preferably, the inner layer of the nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram is a zinc metal-organic framework ZIF-8, and the outermost layer is a polydopamine membrane (PDA). Fluopyram is not only loaded in the pores of ZIF-8, but also exists on the polydopamine membrane.
[0016] Preferably, the nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram are dodecahedral-like.
[0017] Preferably, the particle size of the nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram is 500-700 nm;
[0018] Preferably, the nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram are acid-resistant;
[0019] Preferably, the nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram are alkali-resistant.
[0020] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing environmentally friendly nanopesticide particles, wherein the nanopesticide particles are nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram, and the method comprises the following steps:
[0021] 1) Take zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methylimidazole at a mass ratio of 0.9:1. Prepare a solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and anhydrous methanol at a solid-liquid ratio of 0.9 g:20 mL. Prepare a solution of 2-methylimidazole and anhydrous methanol at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:20 mL. Mix the two solutions thoroughly, seal the container, and keep it at 50 ℃ for 180 min to obtain a mixed solution.
[0022] 2) The mixed solution obtained in step 1) was centrifuged, washed with methanol, centrifuged again, and vacuum dried to obtain zinc metal-organic frameworks;
[0023] 3) Take equal amounts of the zinc metal-organic framework, dopamine hydrochloride, and fluopyram obtained in step 2). Dissolve each of the three substances in 50% methanol solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g: 50 mL. Add Tris solution with pH 8.5 to the three solutions at a volume ratio of 1:8 (50% methanol solution: Tris solution) and react in the dark. Mix the three solutions thoroughly and stir. Then add acetone and stir. Centrifuge to obtain nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram.
[0024] Furthermore, the centrifugation conditions described in step 2) are all 9000 rpm / min and 8 min;
[0025] Furthermore, the drying process described in step 2) requires overnight drying under vacuum at 60°C;
[0026] Furthermore, after drying as described in step 2), a grinding operation is also required;
[0027] Further, the zinc metal-organic framework described in step 2) has a particle size of 400-700 nm;
[0028] Preferably, the zinc metal-organic framework described in step 2) has a particle size of 500 nm;
[0029] Furthermore, the light-protected reaction described in step 3) requires 12 hours to proceed;
[0030] Furthermore, the addition of acetone and stirring in step 3) requires stirring for 30 minutes;
[0031] A third objective of this invention is to provide an environmentally friendly nanopesticide formulation comprising the aforementioned environmentally friendly nanopesticide particles.
[0032] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide the application of the aforementioned environmentally friendly nano-pesticide formulation in the prevention and control of fungal diseases in plants.
[0033] Furthermore, the nano-pesticide formulation has minimal harm to non-targeted organisms while controlling fungal diseases in plants.
[0034] Furthermore, the non-targeted organism is characterized as a fish.
[0035] Preferably, the fish is a zebrafish.
[0036] Furthermore, the characteristic feature is that the plant fungal disease is rice sheath blight.
[0037] Furthermore, the concentration of environmentally friendly nanopesticide particles in the environmentally friendly nanopesticide formulation is less than 23.4 µg / mL.
[0038] Preferably, the concentration of environmentally friendly nanopesticide particles in the environmentally friendly nanopesticide formulation is 10 µg / mL.
[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0040] (1) This invention achieves the nano-sizing of pesticides by hydrophilic modification of ZIF-8, and further modifies the nano-pesticides to significantly improve the solubility of fluopyram while retaining the activity of the drug. It also enhances the adhesion and UV resistance of the nano-pesticides, thereby improving the chemical stability, dispersibility, wettability, and targeting of the pesticide active ingredients. In other words, it improves the utilization rate of pesticides, reduces the amount of pesticides used, accelerates the process of replacing traditional pesticide formulations with nano-pesticide formulations, and promotes the healthy development of green agriculture.
[0041] (2) The nano-pesticide formulation of the present invention has a nano-scale particle size of 500 nm-700 nm, which increases the specific surface area of the nano-pesticide formulation, improves the adhesion and penetration of pesticides on crop leaves, thereby improving efficacy and reducing the loss of active pesticide ingredients;
[0042] (3) The nano-pesticide formulation of the present invention has a simple preparation process, is carried out at room temperature, is mild, uses less organic solvents and does not add other adjuvants, has little harm to non-target organisms, has low cost, can be mass-produced, and is an environmentally friendly pesticide formulation. Attached Figure Description
[0043] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram according to the present invention;
[0044] Figure 2 This is an electron microscope image of the nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram according to the present invention.
[0045] Figure 3The image shows the XRD pattern of the nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram according to the present invention.
[0046] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the changes in hydration particle size and zeta potential of the nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram at different pH values according to the present invention.
[0047] Figure 5 The present invention describes the inhibitory effect of fluopyram-loaded nanoparticles (FZP) on rice sheath blight pathogen.
[0048] Figure 6 The inhibitory effect of unloaded nanopesticide particles (ZP) on rice sheath blight pathogen;
[0049] Figure 7 The inhibitory effect of the pesticide fluopyram (FLU) on rice sheath blight pathogen;
[0050] Figure 8 This is a "concentration-mortality rate" curve of embryos with unloaded nanopesticide particles (ZP) of the present invention;
[0051] Figure 9 This is a concentration-mortality curve of the nanopesticide particles (FZP) loaded with fluopyram as described in this invention on embryos.
[0052] Figure 10 This is a "concentration-mortality rate" curve of the pesticide fluopyram (FLU) of this invention on embryos. Detailed Implementation
[0053] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments. These embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of application of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments or examples. Any modifications and variations made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials or reagents used in the following embodiments are commercially available.
[0054] Example 1:
[0055] Nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram ( Figure 1 The particles are dodecahedral in shape, with a diameter of 500-700 nm. The inner layer is a zinc metal-organic framework (ZIF-8), and the outermost layer is a polydopamine membrane (PDA). Fluopyram is not only loaded in the pores of ZIF-8, but also exists on the polydopamine membrane.
[0056] The preparation steps are as follows:
[0057] S1 Preparation of zinc-organic frameworks of specific sizes:
[0058] The 50% methanol solution was prepared by mixing methanol and water in a 1:1 ratio.
[0059] 1) Prepare two solutions: 3.6 g zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.) + 80 mL anhydrous methanol (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.) and 4 g 2-methylimidazole (Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.) + 80 mL anhydrous methanol, respectively, and ensure that both solutions are completely dispersed;
[0060] 2) Mix the two solutions from step 1) in a 500 mL beaker and stir until homogeneous to obtain a mixed solution. Cut a piece of plastic wrap to the appropriate size and seal the mixture.
[0061] 3) Transfer the beaker to an oven and keep it at 50 °C for 180 min. Remove it after the mixed solution has cooled.
[0062] 4) After centrifuging and separating the mixed solution, a white precipitate was obtained. The white precipitate was washed with methanol and then centrifuged. The washing and centrifugation operation was repeated three times to obtain the product (centrifugation conditions were 9000 rpm / min and 8 min for each time).
[0063] 5) The product was dried overnight under vacuum at 60 °C. The product was collected, ground into powder, bottled, and labeled as zinc metal-organic framework, i.e., ZIF-8 (500 nm).
[0064] S2 Preparation of Fluopyram-loaded Nanopesticides: 0.2 g dopamine hydrochloride (DAHCl) (Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.), 0.2 g ZIF-8, and 0.2 g fluopyram (Yuanye Biotechnology) were dissolved separately in 10 mL of 50% methanol solution. After complete dissolution, they were added dropwise to 80 mL of Tris solution (pH 8.5) and reacted in the dark for 12 h. Then, the three solutions were mixed and stirred thoroughly at 1000 rpm for 12 h. 20 mL of acetone was added and stirred at low speed for 30 min. The precipitate was then collected by centrifugation to obtain the fluopyram-loaded nanopesticide particles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that... Figure 2 As shown, the nanoparticles loaded with fluopyram exhibit a dodecahedral shape with a diameter of approximately 600 nm; the XRD pattern of the nanoparticles loaded with fluopyram is shown below. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the results indicate that fluopyram was successfully loaded onto nanoparticles, demonstrating the successful preparation of fluopyram-loaded nanoparticles.
[0065] Example 2:
[0066] The preparation steps of empty-loaded nanopesticide particles are as follows:
[0067] S1 Preparation of zinc-organic frameworks of specific sizes:
[0068] 1) Prepare two solutions: 3.6 g zinc nitrate hexahydrate + 80 mL anhydrous methanol and 4 g 2-methylimidazole + 80 mL anhydrous methanol, respectively, and ensure that both solutions are completely dispersed;
[0069] 2) Mix the two solutions from step 1) in a 500 mL beaker and stir until homogeneous to obtain a mixed solution. Cut a piece of plastic wrap to the appropriate size and seal the mixture.
[0070] 3) Transfer the beaker to an oven and keep it at 50 °C for 180 min. Remove it after the mixed solution has cooled.
[0071] 4) After centrifuging and separating the mixed solution, a white precipitate was obtained. The white precipitate was washed with methanol and then centrifuged. The washing and centrifugation operation was repeated three times to obtain the product (centrifugation conditions were 9000 rpm / min and 8 min for each time).
[0072] 5) The product was dried under vacuum at 60 °C overnight, and the product was collected and labeled as ZIF-8 (500 nm).
[0073] S2 Preparation of empty-loaded nanopesticide nanoparticles: 0.2 g DAHCl and 0.2 g ZIF-8 were dissolved in 10 mL of 50% methanol solution (methanol:water = 1:1). After complete dissolution, the solutions were added dropwise to 80 mL of Tris solution (pH 8.5) in the dark. The mixture was stirred thoroughly at 1000 rpm for 12 h. Acetone was then added and stirred at low speed. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation to obtain empty-loaded nanopesticide particles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that... Figure 2 As shown, the unloaded nanopesticide particles are approximately dodecahedral in shape, with a diameter of about 600 nm.
[0074] Example 3
[0075] The hydrated particle size of the fluopyram-loaded pesticide nanoparticles prepared in Example 1 was determined at different pH values: 0.1 ml of the pesticide nanoparticle solution was dissolved in 10 ml of buffer solutions with pH values of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, respectively. After standing for 30 min, the changes in hydrated particle size were measured by dynamic light scattering. Figure 4 As shown, the size of the nanoparticles initially decreased and then increased with increasing pH, reaching a minimum hydrated particle size of 753 nm at pH 7. The results indicate that the nanoparticles loaded with fluopyram showed higher pH tolerance and greater stability than the blank nanoparticles.
[0076] Example 4
[0077] The inhibitory effects of the three groups—the pesticide nanoparticles loaded with fluopyram (FZP) prepared in Example 1, the empty pesticide nanoparticles (ZP) prepared in Example 2, and the pesticide fluopyram (FLU)—on rice sheath blight pathogens are as follows: Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown in the figure. The culture medium was potato dextrose agar. Except for the upper left medium (control), the other three media contained FZP, ZP, and FLU at a concentration of 10 µg / mL. After solidification, a 5 mm diameter rice sheath blight mycelium was inoculated into the center of each solid medium, and the media were incubated for 3 days. The upper left medium of each group served as the control, and each treatment group contained three replicates. The results showed that FZP and FLU had significant inhibitory effects on rice sheath blight. The inhibition rate of FZP was approximately 95.2%, FLU almost completely inhibited the pathogen, while ZP had an inhibition rate of approximately 11.1%.
[0078] Inhibition rate = (1)
[0079] To verify the toxicity of the fluopyram-loaded nanoparticles (FZP), unloaded nanoparticles (ZP), and the pesticide fluopyram (FLU) to non-target organisms, fish embryos and juveniles with lower resistance to pesticides were selected for testing. Wild-type zebrafish embryos and juveniles, one of the model organisms, were used and purchased from Huante Biotechnology. Zebrafish embryos (1-1.5 h post-fertilization, 4-16 cell stage) were randomly selected and placed in 6-well plates, with 30 zebrafish treated in each well (experimental group). In the treatment groups, FZP, ZP, and FLU were added to the wells containing the fish, simulating the growth of fish in a polluted environment immediately after birth. A normal control group (zebrafish without any treatment) was also set up (three replicates). The volume of each well was 3 mL. During the 28 ℃ treatment period, zebrafish mortality was observed and recorded for 120 h. The number of zebrafish hatched (i.e., juveniles) in each experimental group was then counted. Calculate LC using SPSS software 50 The concentration-mortality curves were plotted using Origin software, with 95% confidence intervals for ZP, FZP, and FLU groups as shown below. Figures 8-9 As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the results of the acute toxicity tests of FZP, ZP, and FLU on fish embryos and juveniles are presented.
[0080] Table 1. Results of acute embryo toxicity
[0081]
[0082] Table 2 Acute toxicity results of juvenile fish
[0083]
[0084] Note: ZP is unloaded nanopesticide particles, i.e., ZIF-8@PDA; FZP is nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram, i.e., ZIF-8 and fluopyram and polydopamine membrane structure nanoparticles; FLU is fluopyram.
[0085] therefore, Figures 5-7 The results showed that 10 µg / mL ZP had an inhibitory effect of approximately 11.1% on rice sheath blight pathogens, and 10 µg / mL FLU had a significant inhibitory effect on rice sheath blight pathogens. However, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, these concentrations were significantly higher than the median lethal concentration (LC50) of FLU for fish embryos. 50 The concentration was 1.42 µg / mL, and the LC50 for juvenile fish was... 50 It is 0.947 µg / mL, and is derived from... Figure 10 It is known that when the FLU concentration reaches 2 µg / mL, the embryo mortality rate is close to 100%, thus exhibiting extremely high toxicity to fish embryos and juveniles. When using the FZP of this invention, a concentration of 10 µg / mL shows a significant antibacterial effect against rice sheath blight pathogens comparable to that of FLU, and at this concentration of 10 µg / mL, the LC50 of FZP against fish embryos is far lower. 50 The LC50 concentration for juvenile fish was 23.4 µg / mL. 50 It is 106 µg / mL, from Figure 9 It is known that even when the FZP concentration reaches 10 µg / mL, the mortality rate of embryos only increases slightly. Therefore, the FZP of this invention, while exhibiting a significant inhibitory effect on rice sheath blight pathogens, also has a much lower median mortality concentration (LC50) than that for fish embryos and juveniles. Furthermore, the FZP of this invention retains the activity of the drug while maintaining low LC50 in embryos. 50 Compared to FLU, it improved by approximately 15.5 times, and for juvenile fish, LC 50 It is about 110.9 times better than FLU.
[0086] In summary, when using the fluopyram-loaded nanopesticide particles FZP of the present invention, compared with the direct use of fluopyram FLU pesticide, it not only significantly reduces the mortality of embryos and juvenile fish with lower resistance to pesticides, but also controls crop diseases caused by rice sheath blight. It is an environmentally friendly nanopesticide.
[0087] The conventional techniques and solutions not described in detail in the above embodiments are all well known in the art, and therefore will not be elaborated upon here. The above embodiments and / or experimental examples describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An environmentally friendly nanopesticide particle, characterized in that, The nanopesticide particles are nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram, and are prepared through the following steps: 1) Take zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methylimidazole at a mass ratio of 0.9:
1. Prepare a solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and anhydrous methanol at a solid-liquid ratio of 0.9 g:20 mL. Prepare a solution of 2-methylimidazole and anhydrous methanol at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:20 mL. After the two solutions are completely dispersed, mix them thoroughly, seal the container, and keep it at 50 ℃ for 180 min to obtain a mixed solution. 2) After centrifuging, washing with methanol, centrifuging again, and drying the mixed solution obtained in step 1), zinc metal-organic frameworks were obtained; 3) Take equal amounts of the zinc metal-organic framework, dopamine hydrochloride, and fluopyram as described in step 2). Dissolve each of the three substances in 50% methanol solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g: 50 mL. Add Tris solution with pH 8.5 to the three solutions at a volume ratio of 1:8 (50% methanol solution: Tris solution) and react in the dark. Mix the three solutions thoroughly and stir. Then add acetone and stir. Centrifuge to obtain nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram.
2. A method for preparing environmentally friendly nanopesticide particles, characterized in that, The nanopesticide particles are nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram, and the process includes the following steps: 1) Take zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methylimidazole at a mass ratio of 0.9:
1. Prepare a solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and anhydrous methanol at a solid-liquid ratio of 0.9 g:20 mL. Prepare a solution of 2-methylimidazole and anhydrous methanol at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g:20 mL. Mix the two solutions thoroughly, seal the container, and keep it at 50 ℃ for 180 min to obtain a mixed solution. 2) The mixed solution obtained in step 1) was centrifuged, washed with methanol, centrifuged again, and vacuum dried to obtain zinc metal-organic frameworks; 3) Take equal amounts of the zinc metal-organic framework, dopamine hydrochloride, and fluopyram obtained in step 2). Dissolve each of the three substances in 50% methanol solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g: 50 mL. Add Tris solution with pH 8.5 to the three solutions at a volume ratio of 1:8 (50% methanol solution: Tris solution) and react in the dark. Mix the three solutions thoroughly and stir. Then add acetone and stir. Centrifuge to obtain nanopesticide particles loaded with fluopyram.
3. An environmentally friendly nano-pesticide formulation, characterized in that, It contains the environmentally friendly nanopesticide particles as described in claim 1.
4. The application of the environmentally friendly nano-pesticide formulation according to claim 3 in the prevention and control of fungal diseases in plants.
5. The application as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The nano-pesticide formulation has minimal harm to non-targeted organisms while controlling fungal diseases in plants.
6. The application as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The non-target organism mentioned is fish.
7. The application as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The fungal plant disease mentioned is rice sheath blight.
8. The application as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The concentration of environmentally friendly nanopesticide particles in the environmentally friendly nanopesticide formulation is less than 23.4 µg / mL.