A coating composition suitable for preparing chicken egg ginseng pelletized seeds, pelletized seeds and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a coating composition suitable for preparing granulated seeds of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum*, granulated seeds, their preparation method, and applications. It relates to the field of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seed treatment technology. The coating composition is designed specifically for the characteristics of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds and the environmental features of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. By weight, the coating composition includes the following components: 50-60 parts of nucleating coating powder; 200-220 parts of pelleting coating powder; 4-6 parts of mineral nutrient solution; and 2-3 parts of functional additives. This invention solves the problems of low germination rate, poor stress resistance, and ecological incompatibility of coating materials when conventional seed pelleting technology is applied to *Gynostemma pentaphyllum*.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ginseng seed treatment technology, specifically to a coating composition suitable for preparing ginseng pelleted seeds, pelleted seeds, their preparation method, and applications. Background Technology

[0002] Egg ginseng ( Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz.. ) and thin-leaved egg ginseng ( Codonopsis convolvulacea subsp vinciflora (Kom.) DY Hong): A perennial herb belonging to the genus Codonopsis in the family Campanulaceae. The stem base has a few very short, tuberous stem scars. The root is tuberous, nearly ovoid or ovate, with a grayish-yellow surface. The stem is twining or nearly erect. Leaves are alternate or sometimes opposite, entire or with wavy, blunt teeth, papery or membranous in texture. Flowers are solitary at the tips of the main stem and lateral branches; flowers are glabrous; the tube is obovate-conical, with narrowly triangular-lanceolate lobes, glabrous; the corolla is radiate, with elliptic lobes, pale blue or bluish-purple; the upper part of the capsule is short-conical, containing numerous, oblong, brownish-yellow, glossy seeds. Flowering and fruiting occur from July to October. The root is used medicinally; it has a faint odor and a sweet, slightly bitter taste.

[0003] As a rare and precious Tibetan medicinal resource unique to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the dried tuberous root of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* possesses medicinal properties such as tonifying the spleen and stomach, moistening the lungs, and promoting the production of body fluids. It is an important medicinal variety explicitly listed in both the Ministry-issued Drug Standards and the Sichuan Provincial Standards for Tibetan Medicinal Materials, occupying an irreplaceable position in the clinical application of Tibetan medicine and the development of the distinctive health industry. With the large-scale development of the Tibetan medicine industry, the market demand for *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* continues to grow, making standardized artificial cultivation a core approach to ensuring its resource supply. However, the inherent characteristics of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds and the unique environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau together constitute the main technical bottlenecks for its artificial cultivation.

[0004] From its inherent characteristics, *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds are extremely small (thousand-seed weight only 0.08-0.1g) and have thin seed coats, resulting in a germination rate generally below 50% under natural conditions and poor seed germination uniformity. Furthermore, the unique environmental conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including high altitude, low temperatures, strong ultraviolet radiation, and large diurnal temperature variations, further increase the difficulty of seed germination and seedling growth, making large-scale, standardized artificial cultivation of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* difficult and severely restricting the development and utilization of this high-quality Tibetan medicinal resource.

[0005] To address the technical challenge of tiny seed particles, existing technologies employ pelleting to mitigate this deficiency. Seed pelleting is an effective means of facilitating mechanized sowing and can improve the planting performance of small seeds to some extent. This technology has been successfully applied to common crops such as German chamomile seeds. For example, patent application CN112159268A proposes "a pelleting formula and preparation method for German chamomile seeds," which uses materials such as peat moss and starch to construct the pelleting system. However, this method is only suitable for common crops in plains areas and does not consider the special stress resistance requirements of crop seeds in extreme high-altitude environments, making it unsuitable for ginseng.

[0006] Experimental investigations have shown that existing pelleting technology is not suitable for seed treatment of *Codonopsis pilosula*, mainly due to the following problems: First, the thin seed coat and sensitive germination characteristics of ginseng seeds mean that there is a lack of targeted functional adaptation design, which cannot effectively improve the germination quality of ginseng seeds. Second, poor ecological compatibility. Existing pelleting coating materials generally contain chemically synthesized binders, preservatives, and other ingredients. These ingredients are prone to accumulate in the fragile ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, leading to soil pollution, disrupting the ecological balance of the plateau, and contradicting the "eco-friendly" concept advocated by Tibetan medicine cultivation. Third, the functions are limited. Existing technologies are designed only around the single objective of seed germination or particle size optimization, without taking into account the resource attributes of ginseng as a Tibetan medicine, and lack the design for synergistic utilization with other Tibetan medicine resources, thus failing to achieve the comprehensive value enhancement of Tibetan medicine resources during the planting process.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a specialized pelleting method that takes into account the characteristics of ginseng seeds, adaptability to plateau ecology, and functional diversity, in order to solve the problems of low seed germination rate, poor stress resistance, and ecological incompatibility of coating materials. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of low germination rate and poor stress resistance of ginseng seeds. When conventional seed pelleting technology is used for ginseng, there is also the problem of ecological incompatibility of coating materials. This invention proposes a coating composition, pelleted seeds and their preparation method, and application suitable for preparing ginseng pelleted seeds.

[0009] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A coating composition suitable for preparing granulated seeds of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* (egg ginseng) is provided. This coating composition is designed specifically for the characteristics of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds and the environmental features of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. By weight, the coating composition comprises the following components: 50-60 parts of nucleating coating powder; 200-220 parts of pellet coating powder; 4-6 parts of mineral nutrient solution; 2-3 parts of functional additives.

[0010] The nucleating coating powder is prepared by mixing the following components in the indicated mass percentages: Tibetan local diatomaceous earth 60-70 wt% Talc powder 25~35wt%; 3-5 wt% humic acid; The nucleating coating powder uses local Tibetan diatomaceous earth as a base material (preferably with a particle size of 200-325 mesh). Its porous structure can absorb water and nutrients, making it suitable for the arid environment of the plateau. Combined with talc powder, it enhances the fluidity of nucleation, while humic acid provides initial nutrition and promotes seed germination.

[0011] The pellet coating powder is made by mixing the following components in the indicated weight percentages: 40-50 wt% highland barley bran powder; 20-30 wt% talc 5-10 wt% bentonite; Kaolin 10~15wt%; The pelleting coating powder incorporates highland barley bran powder, which, in conjunction with talc, bentonite, and kaolin, optimizes coating strength and prevents breakage during transportation. The highland barley bran powder used is preferably modified highland barley bran powder, which, after being modified with high-pressure steam and a silane coupling agent, improves coating permeability, preventing seed hypoxia, and enhances biodegradability, making it suitable for the high-altitude ecosystem.

[0012] The mass percentage of each effective component in the mineral nutrient solution is as follows: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5.5~6.0 wt%; Magnesium sulfate 20~22wt%; Potassium nitrate 21~23 wt%; Calcium nitrate 48~52wt%; Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate 0.3~0.4wt%; Copper sulfate 0.2~0.3wt%; Manganese chloride 0.07~0.09 wt%; Zinc chloride 0.04~0.06wt%; Sodium molybdate 0.1~0.12wt%; Composition with boron of 0.1~0.13 wt%; The sum of the mass percentages of the components of the above mineral nutrient solution is 100%, and the balance of the mineral nutrient solution is meltwater from Tibetan glaciers. The mineral nutrient solution is formulated based on the nutritional needs of ginseng seedlings, with an adjusted nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio. It is prepared with water to avoid the stress effects of external water quality on the seeds. Trace elements are added to meet the needs of seedlings in the low-temperature environment of the plateau. The composition of this mineral nutrient solution is specifically designed for ginseng.

[0013] The functional additive is made by mixing the following components in the indicated mass percentages: Aqueous extract (paste) of Tibetan medicinal herb *Hemerocallis fulva* from western Sichuan 60-70 wt% Trichoderma harzianum inoculum 30-40 wt.

[0014] The functional adjuvant uses the water extract (paste) of the Tibetan medicinal herb *Heteropogon humilis*, which contains flavonoids and phenolic acids to enhance the seeds' resistance to cold and disease. It is combined with *Trichoderma harzianum* to inhibit soil pathogens, reduce the occurrence of root rot in seedlings, and synergistically enhance ecological safety with the water extract of the Tibetan medicinal herb.

[0015] Furthermore, the barley bran powder is prepared by mixing and modifying barley bran powder with 0.5~1.0wt% of silane coupling agent KH-550 after high-pressure steam treatment.

[0016] Furthermore, the water content of the Tibetan medicinal herb *Hemerocallis fulva* water extract (extract) is 20-30%; and the effective viable bacteria count in the *Trichoderma harzianum* inoculant is ≥2 billion / g.

[0017] Furthermore, the particle size of the Tibetan local diatomaceous earth is 200-325 mesh; the particle size of the highland barley bran powder is 150-200 mesh.

[0018] A method for preparing egg-shaped ginseng pill granulated seeds, based on the coating composition described above, includes the following steps: S1. Seed pretreatment: Select ginseng seeds with a purity of ≥98% and a thousand-seed weight of 0.08~0.1g, soak them in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30±5s, rinse them with clean water, and air dry them at 32~35℃ until the moisture content is ≤20% for later use. In this step, the disinfection time and air-drying parameters were optimized to avoid damaging seed viability. Soaking in a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 seconds effectively disinfects the seeds without damaging the seed coat structure; air-drying at 32-35℃ until the moisture content is 20% or less lays the foundation for subsequent pelleting.

[0019] S2. Primary nucleation: The egg ginseng seeds treated in step S1, the nucleation coating powder, and 40-60% mineral nutrient solution are put into a coating machine and nucleation is carried out at a coating temperature of 25-28℃ to obtain primary nucleus pellets with a particle size of 0.7-0.9mm. Under these conditions, the nucleation coating powder is evenly attached to form stable primary nuclei with a particle size controlled at 0.7-0.9mm to ensure unobstructed seed respiration.

[0020] S3, Secondary pelleting: Add the primary pelleted seeds, pelleting coating powder, and functional additives to the coating machine, and start the coating machine for secondary pelleting treatment; during the secondary pelleting process, the remaining portion of the mineral nutrient solution from step S2 is sprayed evenly onto the surface of the pellets multiple times, and pelleting continues until the seed particle size reaches 1.55~1.90mm, resulting in secondary pelleted seeds; in this step, by introducing functional additives, disease resistance and stress resistance are simultaneously improved, and the final particle size is controlled at 1.55~1.90mm, suitable for mechanized sowing.

[0021] S4. Low-temperature polishing: Transfer the secondary pelleted seeds obtained in step S3 to a polishing machine, add beeswax accounting for 0.5~1.0wt% of the seed mass to the polishing machine, control the polishing environment temperature at 18~22℃, and continue polishing until the seed surface is smooth to obtain polished seeds; In this step, food-grade beeswax is preferred for polishing in a low-temperature environment of 18~22℃, which not only improves the smoothness of the seed surface, but also avoids the impact of high temperature on seed vigor. At the same time, beeswax can be slowly released to provide initial protection for seedlings.

[0022] S5. Segmented drying: First, place the polished pelleted seeds in a drying environment of 35~38℃ for 1.5~2.0h. Then, lower the drying environment temperature to 28~30℃ and continue drying for 1.0~1.5h. Monitor the moisture content of the pelleted seeds during the drying process until the moisture content of the pelleted seeds drops to 1~3%, thus obtaining the egg ginseng pelleted seeds.

[0023] This step involves segmented drying. First, the surface moisture is quickly removed at 35-38℃, and then dried at a low temperature of 28-30℃ to control the moisture content to 1-3%, preventing seed mold and avoiding nutrient loss caused by high temperature.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S2, the coating machine is an inclined drum coating machine with the drum tilt angle set to 15°~20° and the coating machine speed being 30~35 r / min.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S3, the primary kernel pellet seeds, pelleting coating powder, and functional additives are added to the coating machine. The coating machine is started and pelleted at a speed of 25-30 r / min for 15-20 min, and then the speed is increased to 35-40 r / min to continue pelleting for 20-25 min until the seed particle size reaches 1.55-1.90 mm. When spraying the remaining mineral nutrient solution onto the surface of the pellets, spray once every 10 minutes, with each spray amount being 20% ​​of the total. During this step, adjust the rotation speed in stages, starting slowly and gradually increasing to avoid cracking of the coating layer; spray the customized mineral nutrient solution at intervals to ensure even distribution of nutrients.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S4, the polishing machine rotates at a speed of 40~45 r / min and polishes for 5~8 min.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S5, the drying process is carried out in a drying room with a relative humidity of 40-45%.

[0028] The application of egg-shaped ginseng pill granulated seeds in large-scale artificial cultivation at high altitudes. The egg-shaped ginseng pill granulated seeds are obtained by the aforementioned preparation method. The egg-shaped ginseng pill granulated seeds are suitable for direct seeding and seedling transplanting planting modes, and can be adapted to plug tray seedling equipment and mechanized strip seeding equipment.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: I. This invention proposes a coating composition suitable for preparing granulated seeds of egg ginseng pills. The composition uses local diatomaceous earth and barley bran from Tibet as the main coating materials, supplemented with water extract of the Tibetan medicinal herb, *Hemerocallis fulva*. It not only has good compatibility with the plateau ecological environment, but also realizes the recycling of resources. Moreover, the degradation rate of the coating composition is not less than 65% after 30 days of use, which can effectively avoid soil pollution.

[0030] II. In this invention, a coating composition suitable for preparing granulated seeds of egg ginseng pills is proposed, which includes a special functional adjuvant. The functional adjuvant is combined with the water extract (extract) of Tibetan medicinal herb Heyeri in Sichuan and Trichoderma harzianum, which simultaneously improves the cold resistance and disease resistance of seeds, increases the cold resistance rate of seedlings by 15-20%, and reduces the incidence of root rot by 25-30%.

[0031] Third, this invention proposes a method for preparing granulated seeds of ginseng, which is based on a method for preparing a coating composition suitable for preparing granulated seeds of ginseng. It innovatively proposes a granulation process of "one-time nucleation - two-time pelleting - low-temperature polishing - segmented drying" to prepare ginseng seeds. This solves the problem that the coating of ginseng seeds is prone to cracking due to their small particle size. The special coating composition is ecologically adaptable to the extreme environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, such as high altitude and low temperature, and can promote the germination of ginseng and enhance its stress resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 It is a picture of ginseng seeds.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a picture of granulated seeds from egg-shaped ginseng pills.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a picture of the disintegration of the granulated seeds of an egg-based ginseng pill.

[0035] Figure 4 This is an enlarged image of the disintegration of the granulated seeds of an egg-based ginseng pill.

[0036] Figure 5 It's a picture of an egg-shaped ginseng sprouting.

[0037] Figure 6 It is a picture of ginseng sprouting in the soil.

[0038] Figure 7 These are pictures of egg ginseng pill granulated seeds being sown in the field.

[0039] Figure 8 These are pictures of egg-shaped ginseng seed granules growing into seedlings in the field. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0041] Example 1 I. Take raw materials according to the following composition ratio.

[0042] Nucleation coating powder: 65wt% Tibetan local diatomaceous earth, 30wt% talc powder, and 5wt% humic acid are mixed and passed through a 200-mesh sieve. The material passing through the sieve is collected.

[0043] Pelletizing coating powder: 45wt% modified highland barley bran powder, 25wt% talc powder, 8wt% bentonite, and 12wt% kaolin are mixed and passed through a 150-mesh sieve, and the sieve-passing material is collected; the modified highland barley bran powder is prepared by high-pressure steam treatment at 121℃ for 30min and modification with 0.8% silane coupling agent KH-550.

[0044] Mineral nutrient solution: 5.8 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 21 wt% magnesium sulfate, 22 wt% potassium nitrate, 50 wt% calcium nitrate, 0.32 wt% disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 0.24 wt% copper sulfate, 0.08 wt% manganese chloride, 0.05 wt% zinc chloride, 0.11 wt% sodium molybdate, and 0.12 wt% boric acid, prepared with 0.28 wt% meltwater from Tibetan glaciers.

[0045] Functional additives: 65wt% of 12% Tibetan medicinal herb *Hypericum chuanxiense* aqueous extract (extract) and 35wt% *Trichoderma harzianum* inoculum are mixed evenly. The aqueous extract of *Hypericum chuanxiense* has a water content of 22%, and the Tibetan medicinal herb is the dried aerial part of *Hypericum chuanxiense*; the *Trichoderma harzianum* inoculum contains ≥2 billion viable bacteria / g.

[0046] II. Preparation of granulated seeds for egg ginseng pills.

[0047] Prepare egg-based ginseng pill granulated seeds according to the following steps: S1. Seed Pretreatment: Select *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds with a purity of 98% and a thousand-seed weight of 0.08g. Soak in a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30±5s, rinse three times with clean water, and then air-dry at 33℃ until the moisture content is 18%. For untreated *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 ; S2. First-time nucleation: The egg ginseng seeds treated in step S1, the nucleation coating powder and the mineral nutrient solution are put into the coating machine at a mass ratio of 4:50:4. The machine is rotated at 32 r / min and nucleation is carried out at a coating temperature of 26℃ to obtain primary nucleus pellets with a particle size of 0.8 mm. S3. Secondary pelleting: Take primary kernel pellet seeds, pelleting coating powder, mineral nutrient solution and functional additives at a mass ratio of 57:205:6:2.5. First, add the primary kernel pellet seeds, pelleting coating powder and functional additives to the coating machine. Start the coating machine and pelletize for 18 minutes at a speed of 28 r / min, and then pelletize for 22 minutes at a speed of 38 r / min. Spray 1.2 parts of mineral nutrient solution onto the surface of the pellets every 10 minutes until the particle size is 1.7 mm to obtain secondary pelleted seeds. S4. Low-temperature polishing: Transfer the secondary pelleted seeds obtained in step S3 to a polishing machine, add beeswax accounting for 0.7wt% of the seed mass to the polishing machine, control the polishing environment temperature to 19℃, the speed of the polishing machine to 42r / min, polish for 6min, and continue polishing until the seed surface is smooth to obtain polished seeds. S5. Segmented Drying: First, place the polished seeds in a drying environment at 36℃ for 1.8 hours. Then, lower the drying environment temperature to 29℃ and continue drying for 1.2 hours. Monitor the seed moisture content during the drying process until the seed moisture content drops to 2%, at which point the granulated egg ginseng seed is obtained. (Reference) Figure 2 .

[0048] Example 2 I. Take raw materials according to the following composition ratio.

[0049] Nucleation coating powder: 60wt% Tibetan diatomaceous earth, 35wt% talc, and 5wt% humic acid, mixed and passed through a 200-mesh sieve. The particle size of the Tibetan diatomaceous earth is 200 mesh.

[0050] Pelletizing coating powder: 40wt% modified highland barley bran powder, 30wt% talc powder, 10wt% bentonite, and 10wt% kaolin are mixed and passed through a 150-mesh sieve. The modified highland barley bran powder is prepared by high-pressure steam treatment at 121℃ for 30 minutes, followed by modification with 0.5% silane coupling agent KH-550. The particle size of the highland barley bran powder is 150 mesh.

[0051] Mineral nutrient solution: 5.5 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 22 wt% magnesium sulfate, 21 wt% potassium nitrate, 50.5 wt% calcium nitrate, 0.30 wt% disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 0.20 wt% copper sulfate, 0.07 wt% manganese chloride, 0.06 wt% zinc chloride, 0.10 wt% sodium molybdate, and 0.13 wt% boric acid, prepared with 0.14 wt% meltwater from Tibetan glaciers.

[0052] Functional additives: 70wt% of 10% Tibetan medicinal herb *Hypericum chuanxiense* water extract (extract) and 30wt% *Trichoderma harzianum* inoculum are mixed evenly. The water extract of *Hypericum chuanxiense* has a water content of 22%, and the Tibetan medicinal herb is the dried aerial part of *Hypericum chuanxiense*; the *Trichoderma harzianum* inoculum contains ≥2 billion viable bacteria / g.

[0053] II. Preparation of granulated seeds for egg ginseng pills.

[0054] Prepare egg-based ginseng pill granulated seeds according to the following steps: S1. Seed pretreatment: Select ginseng seeds with a purity of 98% and a thousand-seed weight of 0.08g, soak them in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 60s, rinse them with clean water 3 times, and then air dry them at 32℃ until the moisture content is 19% for later use. S2. First-time nucleation: The egg ginseng seeds treated in step S1, the nucleation coating powder and the mineral nutrient solution are put into the coating machine at a mass ratio of 4:50:4, the rotation speed is 30r / min, and the nucleation treatment is carried out at a coating environment temperature of 25℃ to obtain primary nucleus pellet seeds with a particle size of 0.7mm. S3. Secondary pelleting: Take primary kernel pellet seeds, pelleting coating powder, mineral nutrient solution and functional additives at a mass ratio of 57:205:6:2. First, add the primary kernel pellet seeds, pelleting coating powder and functional additives to the coating machine. Start the coating machine and pelletize for 15 minutes at a speed of 25 r / min, and then pelletize for 20 minutes at a speed of 35 r / min. Spray 1 part of mineral nutrient solution onto the surface of the pellets every 10 minutes until the particle size is 1.6 mm to obtain secondary pelleted seeds. S4. Low-temperature polishing: Transfer the secondary pelleted seeds obtained in step S3 to a polishing machine, add beeswax accounting for 0.5wt% of the seed mass to the polishing machine, control the polishing environment temperature to 18℃, the speed of the polishing machine to 40r / min, polish for 5min, and continue polishing until the seed surface is smooth to obtain polished seeds. S5. Segmented drying: First, place the polished seeds in a drying environment at 35℃ for 1.5 hours, then lower the drying environment temperature to 28℃ and continue drying for 1 hour; monitor the seed moisture content during the drying process until the seed moisture content drops to 1.5%, thus obtaining the granulated seeds of egg ginseng pills.

[0055] Comparative Example 1 The common pelleting formula (85% talc, 10% GTG powder, and 5% kaolin) was used to treat the ginseng seeds using the conventional one-time pelleting method, with other conditions consistent with Example 1.

[0056] Comparative Example 2 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the nucleating coating powder component in the coating composition is replaced by an equal weight of pelletizing coating powder, while other components remain unchanged, and the method steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 3 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the pelletizing coating powder component in the coating composition is replaced by an equal weight of nucleating coating powder, while other components remain unchanged, and the method steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 4 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mineral nutrient solution in the coating composition is replaced with an equal mass of Tibetan glacial meltwater, while the other components remain unchanged, and the method steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0059] test.

[0060] Germination experiments were conducted using the egg-shaped ginseng pill granulated seeds obtained in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4 as experimental materials. The process is as follows: (1) Take 200 egg-shaped ginseng pills and granulate them to calculate the molding rate. Molding rate = (number of qualified pills (mass) / total number of pills (mass)) × 100%.

[0061] (2) Place two layers of moist filter paper in a petri dish, and evenly place 100 egg ginseng pelleted seeds in each dish and cover. Germinate the pelleted seeds at 25℃ under 12h / 12h light / dark conditions. Keep the filter paper moist during germination. (Refer to...) Figure 3 , 4 .

[0062] (3) Starting from day 3, record the number of germinated seeds daily (germination is defined as radicle length ≥ seed length), and continue recording for 14 days until germination ends. Refer to Figure 5 , 6 .

[0063] (4) After germination, calculate the germination rate of the pelleted seeds.

[0064] Germination rate (%) = (Number of seeds that germinated normally in 14 days / Number of seeds tested) × 100%.

[0065] (5) Take 100 granulated seeds of egg ginseng pills and use a particle strength tester (sensitivity 0.1N) to measure the maximum pressure when each granulated seed is crushed, in N, accurate to 0.1N. Calculate the percentage of coated granulated seeds that meet the compressive strength requirements (1.0~3.0N).

[0066] Single seed compressive strength (N) = the sum of the maximum pressures that 100 coated pelleted seeds can withstand / 100.

[0067] Compressive strength compliance (%) = (Number of pelleted seeds that meet compressive strength requirements / 100) × 100%.

[0068] (6) Take 100 granulated seeds of egg ginseng pills and measure the diameter of each granulated seed with a vernier caliper (accuracy 0.1mm) in mm, accurate to 0.1mm, and calculate the percentage of coated granulated seeds that meet the particle size requirement (1.55~1.60mm).

[0069] Particle size compliance (%) = (Number of pelleted seeds that meet the particle size requirement / 100) × 100%.

[0070] Repeat the above experiment 3 times, with 100 seeds per repetition.

[0071] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1

[0073] As shown in Table 1, the granulated ginseng seeds prepared using the method of this invention achieved a 100% pellet formation rate. This indicates that after treatment by the method of this invention, all seeds fully meet the preset quality standards for particle size, morphology, etc., effectively solving the problems of small ginseng seed particles and easy cracking of the coating, providing key technical support for the large-scale, mechanized artificial sowing of ginseng in high-altitude areas. In contrast, a small number of substandard products appeared in the pelleted seeds of Comparative Examples 1-4, further confirming that the coating composition formula of this invention has significant advantages in optimizing the particle size and morphology of pelleted seeds.

[0074] Regarding the quality indicators of the pelleted seeds, the egg ginseng pelleted seeds of Examples 1 and 2 showed excellent performance: the particle size conformity was ≥95.9%, the single-seed compressive strength consistently reached 2 MPa, and the compressive strength conformity was ≥96%. These indicators were all slightly better than the concurrent test results of Comparative Examples 1-4, demonstrating the stability of the process method of this invention. In terms of seed uniformity, the thousand-seed weight of the pelleted seeds of Examples 1 and 2 ranged from 5.172 to 5.216 g, with small weight variations, laying a good foundation for subsequent sowing density control and ensuring uniform emergence, and also facilitating mechanized sowing.

[0075] In terms of seed effectiveness indicators, the single seed rate and seed-bearing rate of the pelleted seeds in Examples 1 and 2 both reached 100%, which is also slightly better than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 4, ensuring that every pelleted seed is successfully sown, which can effectively reduce cost losses in production and planting.

[0076] Germination performance and stress resistance are key parameters for evaluating the performance of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds in this invention. The germination rate of the pelleted *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds prepared by this invention can reach 92.1% or higher, which is not only significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 1-4 (69.3%-85.1%), but also significantly higher than that of ordinary *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* seeds that have only undergone pretreatment (germination rate of about 29%). In the cold resistance test, the seedling cold resistance rate of the pelleted seeds of this invention in an environment of -5℃ reaches 80.3%-82.5%, which is also significantly better than the test results of Comparative Examples 1-4.

[0077] The above results fully demonstrate that in the coating composition of this invention used to prepare granulated egg ginseng seeds, the nucleating coating powder, pelleting coating powder, mineral nutrient solution, and functional additives form a highly efficient synergistic effect. This synergistic effect is the core mechanism for improving the germination rate and cold resistance rate of granulated egg ginseng seeds. Furthermore, the seed fragmentation rate of the pelleted seeds of this invention is slightly better than that of comparative examples 1-4, further proving that under the synergistic effect of the above components, this scheme can precisely control the fragmentation time of the pelleted seeds, meeting the temporal requirements of seed germination after sowing.

[0078] In terms of environmental friendliness, the coating degradation performance of Examples 1 and 2 of this invention and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 showed little difference. All samples achieved a degradation rate of 91.6% or higher within 30 days, which meets the requirements of agricultural production for environmental compatibility.

[0079] Application Example 1 The granulated seeds of egg-shaped ginseng pills prepared in Example 1 were sown in the field, as per reference. Figure 7 Fifteen days later, the granulated seeds of the egg-shaped ginseng pills sprouted into seedlings (true leaf stage) in the field. Figure 8 The seedling survival rate was calculated to be 92.3% (based on a soil area of ​​20cm x 20cm).

[0080] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coating composition suitable for preparing granulated egg ginseng pills, characterized in that, The coating composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of nucleating coating powder; 200-220 parts of pellet coating powder; 4-6 parts of mineral nutrient solution; Functional additives 2-3 parts; The nucleating coating powder is prepared by mixing the following components in the indicated mass percentages: Tibetan local diatomaceous earth 60-70 wt% Talc powder 25~35wt%; 3-5 wt% humic acid; The pellet coating powder is made by mixing the following components in the indicated weight percentages: 40-50 wt% highland barley bran powder; 20-30 wt% talc 5-10 wt% bentonite; 10-15 wt% kaolin The mass percentage of each effective component in the mineral nutrient solution is as follows: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5.5~6.0 wt%; Magnesium sulfate 20~22wt%; Potassium nitrate 21~23 wt%; Calcium nitrate 48~52wt%; Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate 0.3~0.4wt%; Copper sulfate 0.2~0.3wt%; Manganese chloride 0.07~0.09 wt%; Zinc chloride 0.04~0.06wt%; Sodium molybdate 0.1~0.12wt%; Composition with boron of 0.1~0.13 wt%; The sum of the mass percentages of the components of the above mineral nutrient solution is 100%, and the balance of the mineral nutrient solution is meltwater from Tibetan glaciers. The functional additive is made by mixing the following components in the indicated mass percentages: 60-70 wt% of the water extract of the Tibetan medicinal herb *Hemerocallis fulva* (Sichuan herb). Trichoderma harzianum inoculum 30-40 wt.

2. The coating composition for preparing egg ginseng pill granulated seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The barley bran powder is prepared by mixing and modifying barley bran powder with 0.5~1.0wt% of silane coupling agent KH-550 after high-pressure steam treatment.

3. The coating composition for preparing egg ginseng pill granulated seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water content of the Tibetan medicinal herb *Hemerocallis fulva* water extract is 20-30%, and the Tibetan medicinal herb is the dried aerial part of *Hemerocallis fulva*; the effective viable bacteria count of the *Trichoderma harzianum* inoculant is ≥2 billion / g.

4. The coating composition for preparing egg ginseng pill granulated seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the local Tibetan diatomaceous earth is 200-325 mesh; the particle size of the barley bran powder is 150-200 mesh.

5. A method for preparing granulated egg-shaped ginseng seeds, characterized in that, Based on the coating composition as described in claim 1, the steps include: S1. Seed pretreatment: Select ginseng seeds with a purity of ≥98% and a thousand-seed weight of 0.08~0.1g, soak them in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30±5s, rinse them with clean water, and air dry them at 32~35℃ until the moisture content is ≤20% for later use. S2, One-time nucleation: The egg ginseng seeds treated in step S1, the nucleation coating powder and 40-60% mineral nutrient solution are put into the coating machine and nucleation treatment is carried out at a coating temperature of 25-28℃ to obtain primary nucleus pellet seeds with a particle size of 0.7-0.9mm. S3, Secondary pelleting: Add the primary kernel pellet seeds, pelleting coating powder and functional additives to the coating machine, and start the coating machine to carry out secondary pelleting treatment; during the secondary pelleting process, the remaining part of the mineral nutrient solution in step S2 is sprayed evenly on the surface of the pellets in multiple times, and pelleting continues until the seed particle size reaches 1.55~1.90mm to obtain secondary pelleted seeds; S4. Low-temperature polishing: Transfer the secondary pelletized seeds obtained in step S3 to a polishing machine, add beeswax accounting for 0.5~1.0wt% of the seed mass to the polishing machine, control the polishing environment temperature at 18~22℃, and continue polishing until the surface of the pelletized seeds is smooth to obtain polished pelletized seeds. S5. Segmented drying: First, place the polished and pelleted seeds in a drying environment of 35~38℃ for 1.5~2.0h. Then, lower the drying environment temperature to 28~30℃ and continue drying for 1.0~1.5h. Monitor the moisture content of the pelleted seeds during the drying process until the moisture content of the pelleted seeds drops to 1~3%, thus obtaining the egg ginseng pelleted seeds.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the coating machine is a tilting drum coating machine with the tilt angle of the drum set to 15°~20° and the rotation speed of the coating machine being 30~35 r / min.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the primary kernel pellet seeds, pelleting coating powder, and functional additives are added to the coating machine. The coating machine is started and pelleted at a speed of 25-30 r / min for 15-20 min. Then the speed is increased to 35-40 r / min and pelleting continues for 20-25 min until the seed particle size reaches 1.55-1.90 mm. When spraying the remaining mineral nutrient solution onto the surface of the pellets, spray the mineral nutrient solution once every 10 minutes, with each spray amount being 20% ​​of the total amount.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, the polishing machine rotates at 40~45 r / min and polishes for 5~8 min.

9. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S5, the drying process is carried out in a drying room with a relative humidity of 40-45%.

10. The application of granulated egg-shaped ginseng seeds in large-scale artificial cultivation at high altitudes, characterized by: The granulated egg-shaped ginseng seed is obtained by the preparation method described in any one of claims 5 to 9; the granulated egg-shaped ginseng seed is suitable for direct seeding and seedling transplanting planting modes, and can be adapted to plug tray seedling equipment and mechanized strip seeding equipment.

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