Preparation process and application of a sea cucumber saponin

Abstract

The application discloses a preparation process and application of sea cucumber saponin, relates to the field of functional food, and comprises the following steps: raw material pretreatment and water boiling liquid preparation, centrifugal purification, nanofiltration desalination concentration, macroporous resin purification, concentration, drying and crushing; the water boiling liquid produced in the sea cucumber processing process is used as the raw material, the water boiling liquid is originally industrial waste liquid, direct discharge can pollute the environment, the sea cucumber saponin in the water boiling liquid is extracted, resource utilization of the waste is realized, environmental pollution is reduced, the wastewater treatment cost of enterprises is reduced, and economic value and environmental benefits are combined. The core process of centrifugal purification-nanofiltration desalination concentration-macroporous resin purification is adopted, steps are simple and easy to operate, and continuous and automatic production can be realized in each link; the tubular centrifuge, nanofiltration equipment and vacuum concentration equipment selected are all industrialized conventional equipment, need not be specially customized, are suitable for large-scale production, and solve the defects that some existing processes are difficult to scale.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of functional foods, specifically to a preparation process and uses of sea cucumber saponins. Background Technology

[0002] Sea cucumbers belong to the class Holothuroidea, among which the spiny sea cucumber is the most commonly used edible sea cucumber variety in my country. It is rich in protein, polypeptides, polysaccharides, saponins and other active ingredients, and has the effects of anticoagulation, relieving fatigue, improving human immunity and enhancing disease resistance. It is a high-quality food with both nutritional and health benefits, and is especially suitable for people in a sub-healthy state.

[0003] In the industrial production and processing of sea cucumbers, to inhibit autolysis caused by autolytic enzymes, fresh sea cucumbers must first be boiled in water to inactivate the enzymes. This process generates a large amount of sea cucumber processing decoction. Studies have shown (Wang Jingyuan, Research on Evaluation Methods of Nutritional Quality of Sea Cucumbers, Master's Thesis, Shanghai Ocean University, 2019) that water-soluble components in sea cucumbers (including proteins, polypeptides, polysaccharides, saponins, etc.) partially dissolve in the decoction, with the loss of sea cucumber polysaccharides and saponins reaching as high as 40%-60%. This decoction contains abundant nutrient-active substances. If it is directly discharged as wastewater, it will not only waste valuable resources but also pollute the surrounding environment due to its high organic content. If it is treated as wastewater, it will significantly increase the production costs of enterprises. Therefore, utilizing modern bio-extraction technology to recover and utilize the nutrients in sea cucumber processing decoction to develop high-value-added functional foods or pharmaceuticals has significant economic and environmental value.

[0004] Sea cucumber saponins have been extensively studied and exhibit the following biological activities: anti-tumor activity, anti-tumor metastasis activity, improvement of hyperlipidemia, improvement of fatty liver activity, inhibition of fat accumulation activity, regulation of blood sugar activity, improvement of hyperuricemia and prevention of gout, promotion of bone marrow hematopoietic function in mice, antibacterial and antiviral activities, anti-AIDS effects, and regulation of reproductive development.

[0005] The saponin content of sea cucumber is 100-500 times that of dried sea cucumber, and a dose of 10mg-30mg is sufficient to achieve good health and therapeutic effects. Traditionally, each person consumes one sea cucumber per day, with each cucumber weighing 3-6 grams. 10mg-30mg of sea cucumber saponins is equivalent to the content of one sea cucumber.

[0006] Safety studies of sea cucumber saponins showed that acute toxicity and genotoxicity tests confirmed that sea cucumber saponins had no mutagenic or teratogenic effects. The median lethal dose (LD50) in mice was 1.10 g / kg for females and 1.08 g / kg for males. This is not significantly different from the LD50 of ginsenoside Rb1 (1.11 g / kg) reported by Kaku et al. Furthermore, a 30-day feeding study in Wistar rats also demonstrated that low doses of sea cucumber saponins had no adverse effects on any of the rats' physiological indicators.

[0007] Sea cucumber cooking liquid contains a variety of active ingredients. Because it is a biological cooking liquid, it has a large molecular weight, high viscosity, and complex molecular structure, which makes the recycling cost high. Some recycling and reuse processes are complicated, involve many steps, and require high-end equipment, while the product recovery rate is low.

[0008] Currently, there are relevant studies and patent reports on the extraction and preparation of sea cucumber saponins, but existing technologies still have many shortcomings: Chinese invention patent CN1733793A discloses a method for enriching sea cucumber saponins by repeatedly soaking dried sea cucumbers in purified water, collecting the soaking water, concentrating it, precipitating it with ethanol, purifying it with macroporous resin, and freeze-drying it. This method uses dried sea cucumbers as raw material, involves a small volume of soaking liquid, making it difficult to achieve large-scale commercial production, and also has high raw material costs.

[0009] Chinese invention patent CN104013647A discloses a method for extracting sea cucumber saponins, which involves cleaning sea cucumbers, removing internal organs and mud, mincing, extracting with ethanol, centrifuging and microfiltration, and purifying with macroporous adsorption resin to obtain sea cucumber saponins. This method requires mincing the sea cucumbers, which destroys their integrity and severely affects their market value as whole products. It is unsuitable for industrial applications that combine sea cucumber product processing with saponin extraction.

[0010] Chinese invention patents CN105616327B, CN104262451B, and CN105266075B, among others, involve methods for extracting sea cucumber saponins from sea cucumber cooking liquid. These methods often employ ethanol precipitation combined with molecular weight sieving techniques such as nanofiltration for separation. However, these methods suffer from problems such as cumbersome process steps, low purification efficiency, low sea cucumber saponin recovery rate, and insufficient product purity. Furthermore, some processes utilize ion exchange resins for desalination, which is complex, inefficient, and costly, making them unsuitable for processing high-salt content, large-scale cooking liquids.

[0011] Furthermore, the existing technologies lack a clear definition of dosage form development and application scenarios for sea cucumber saponins, which limits their promotion and application in the fields of functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects in the existing sea cucumber saponin extraction process and provide a sea cucumber saponin preparation process using sea cucumber processed decoction as raw material. At the same time, it provides the application of the sea cucumber saponin in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, ensuring that the products have both health care and therapeutic effects, and that the dosage is reasonable and the dosage form is diverse, so as to meet the needs of industrial production and the market.

[0013] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A process for preparing sea cucumber saponins includes the following steps: Step S1, Raw material pretreatment and preparation of boiling liquid: Select fresh sea cucumbers, remove the internal organs, and rinse repeatedly with clean water until there is no mud, sand or foreign matter residue on the surface and inside the body; put the cleaned fresh sea cucumbers into clean water at 80-100℃ and heat for 10-20 minutes, keeping the water temperature stable during the process. After cooking, separate the sea cucumbers (sea cucumber products prepared according to traditional process) from the boiling liquid, and collect the boiling liquid as the extraction raw material; Step S2, centrifugal purification: The boiled liquid collected in step S1 is passed into a tubular centrifuge and centrifuged at a speed of 12,000-16,000 rpm to remove impurities such as mud, sea cucumber fragments, and viscous gels from the boiled liquid, and the clear filtrate is collected; the use of the tubular centrifuge avoids the problems of filter cake stickiness and filter media clogging in ordinary centrifuges, ensuring filtration efficiency and filtrate clarity; Step S3, Nanofiltration Desalination and Concentration: The clarified filtrate obtained in step S2 is passed into a nanofiltration device and treated with a nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 200-600 Daltons. This process retains large molecular active ingredients such as sea cucumber saponins, polysaccharides, and proteins in the boiled liquid, while removing small molecules such as sodium chloride and water, resulting in a desalinated concentrate. The nanofiltration process achieves both desalination and dehydration, and compared to the ion exchange resin method, it has advantages such as smaller equipment size, higher efficiency, lower cost, and continuous automated operation. Step S4, Macroporous Resin Purification: A Seplite LX-20B or Seplite LX-100B macroporous adsorption resin is used to pack the chromatography column. This resin has uniform particle size, large specific surface area, high adsorption capacity, and strong separation ability. The desalted concentrate obtained in Step S3 is passed into the chromatography column at a flow rate of 1-3 BV / h (column volume / hour) to ensure sufficient adsorption of sea cucumber saponins onto the macroporous adsorption resin. The following elution operations are then performed sequentially: Step S41, water washing: Elute with 1 column volume of purified water at a flow rate of 1-3 BV / h to wash away water-soluble impurities and pigments such as polysaccharides, proteins, residual salts, until the effluent becomes lighter in color and has no obvious viscosity. Step S42, low-concentration ethanol elution: Elute with 1 column volume of 20-30% (volume fraction) ethanol solution at a flow rate of 1-2 BV / h to remove highly polar non-saponin components adsorbed on the resin. Step S43, high-concentration ethanol elution: Elute with 1-2 column volumes of 60-80% (volume fraction) ethanol solution at a flow rate of 1-2 BV / h, and collect the eluent, which is the eluent rich in sea cucumber saponins. Step S44, Resin Regeneration: After elution, elute with 0.5-1 mol / L dilute alkali solution until the effluent becomes lighter in color, then neutralize with 0.5-1 mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and finally wash with purified water until the effluent is neutral, restoring the adsorption and separation capacity of the resin, which can be reused. Step S5, Concentration: The eluent rich in sea cucumber saponins collected in step S43 is passed into a vacuum concentration device and concentrated to a specific gravity d=1.15-1.30 under vacuum conditions of 0.06-0.09MPa and temperature of 60-70℃ to obtain a concentrated paste. Step S6, Drying and Pulverizing: The concentrated paste obtained in step S5 is vacuum dried or spray dried at 60-80℃. The inlet air temperature of the spray dryer is 160-180℃ and the outlet air temperature is 80-90℃. After drying, it is pulverized and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a uniform fine powder, which is the sea cucumber saponin product. The product has a water content of ≤6% and a total saponin content of 50-80%.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S1, the fresh sea cucumber is preferably a certified green organic sea cucumber that grows naturally far from the seaside, and its boiling solution has a higher content of sea cucumber saponins and a lower content of impurities.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the molecular weight cutoff of the nanofiltration membrane is preferably 200-400 Daltons, which can more accurately retain sea cucumber saponins and improve desalination efficiency.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S4, the diameter-to-height ratio of the chromatography column is 1:8-1:12, which is beneficial for the full separation of sea cucumber saponins and impurities and improves the purification effect.

[0017] This invention also protects the application of sea cucumber saponins obtained by the above preparation process in the preparation of functional foods and pharmaceuticals: The sea cucumber saponins are used in combination with pharmaceutical excipients, such as starch, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, and polyethylene glycol, to make preparations such as powders, solid beverages, tablets, soft capsules, hard capsules, and granules. The daily dosage of the sea cucumber saponins is 10mg-50mg, which is determined based on acute toxicity tests, genotoxicity tests and efficacy tests. It is safe and has no side effects, and can achieve ideal health care and therapeutic effects. The functional foods made from the sea cucumber saponins mentioned above are suitable for sub-healthy people and have health benefits such as delaying aging, relieving fatigue, improving immunity, improving memory, assisting in lowering blood lipids, assisting in lowering blood pressure, improving blood viscosity, and relieving arteriosclerosis. The medicines made from the saponins of sea cucumber can be used for anti-tumor, anti-tumor metastasis, improvement of hyperlipidemia, improvement of fatty liver, inhibition of fat accumulation, regulation of blood sugar, improvement of hyperuricemia (prevention of gout), promotion of bone marrow hematopoietic function, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-AIDS, and regulation of reproductive development.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention uses the boiling liquid produced during the sea cucumber processing as raw material. The boiling liquid is originally an industrial waste liquid, and direct discharge will pollute the environment. The present invention extracts sea cucumber saponins from it, realizes the resource utilization of waste, reduces environmental pollution, reduces the wastewater treatment cost of enterprises, and has both economic value and environmental benefits.

[0019] (2) The present invention adopts the core process of centrifugal purification-nanofiltration desalination and concentration-macroporous resin purification. The steps are simple and easy to operate, and each link can achieve continuous and automated production. The selected tubular centrifuge, nanofiltration equipment, vacuum concentration equipment and other equipment are all industrial conventional equipment, which do not require special customization and are suitable for large-scale production, thus solving the defects of some existing processes that are difficult to scale up.

[0020] (3) By optimizing parameters such as centrifugation speed, nanofiltration membrane molecular weight cutoff, resin type and elution gradient, the present invention enables the total saponin content of the product to reach 50-80%.

[0021] (4) The present invention specifies that the daily dose of sea cucumber saponins is 10mg-50mg. This dose is convenient for formulation production (the content of each dose can be precisely controlled) and can achieve health care and treatment effects. A dose of 10mg-30mg is equivalent to the saponin content of a traditional edible sea cucumber, making it more convenient to take. At the same time, it can be made into various dosage forms such as powder, solid beverage, tablet, and capsule to meet the needs of different groups of people.

[0022] (5) In the extraction of sea cucumber saponins, this invention only uses the boiled water solution after sea cucumber processing. The sea cucumber body can be prepared into complete sea cucumber products for sale according to traditional processes without destroying the integrity of the sea cucumber. This realizes the synergistic production of main products and by-products, improves the comprehensive utilization rate of sea cucumber resources and the economic benefits of enterprises. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a standard curve for determining the total saponin content in sea cucumber. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0026] Example 1, referring to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a preparation process for sea cucumber saponins, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step S1, Raw material pretreatment and preparation of boiling liquid: Select 100kg of fresh sea cucumber with green organic certification, remove the internal organs, and rinse repeatedly with clean water until there is no mud or foreign matter residue; put the cleaned sea cucumber into clean water at 80-90℃, heat for 20 minutes, separate the sea cucumber from the boiling liquid, and collect about 300L of boiling liquid. Step S2, centrifugal purification: The above boiled liquid is passed into a tubular centrifuge and centrifuged at a high speed of 12,000 rpm, and about 280 L of clear filtrate is collected; Step S3, nanofiltration desalination and concentration: The clarified filtrate is passed into a nanofiltration device, a 200 Dalton nanofiltration membrane is selected, and nanofiltration is performed under a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa. After desalination and dehydration, about 40 L of desalinated concentrate is obtained. Step S4, Macroporous Resin Purification: Seplite LX-20B macroporous adsorption resin was used to pack a chromatography column (diameter-to-height ratio 1:10); the desalted concentrate was passed into the chromatography column at a flow rate of 2 BV / h. After adsorption saturation, the column was washed sequentially with 1 column volume of purified water at a flow rate of 2 BV / h, 1 column volume of 25% ethanol solution at a flow rate of 1.5 BV / h, and 1.5 column volumes of 60% ethanol solution at a flow rate of 1.5 BV / h. Approximately 60 L of 60% ethanol eluent was collected. The resin was then regenerated by elution with dilute alkali, neutralization with dilute hydrochloric acid, and washing with water for later use. Step S5, Concentration: The 60% ethanol eluent is concentrated under reduced pressure at a vacuum of 0.08 MPa and a temperature of 65°C to a specific gravity of d=1.20, yielding approximately 3.5 kg of concentrated paste; Step S6, Drying and Pulverizing: The concentrated paste is vacuum dried at 70℃ to a moisture content of 5%, pulverized and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain 0.8 kg of sea cucumber saponin fine powder; the product is tested and found to have a total saponin content of 75.3% and a moisture content of 5.2%.

[0027] Example 2, refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a preparation process for sea cucumber saponins, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step S1, Raw material pretreatment and preparation of boiling liquid: Select 100kg of fresh sea cucumber with green organic certification, remove the internal organs, and rinse repeatedly with clean water until there is no mud or foreign matter residue; put the cleaned sea cucumber into clean water at 90-100℃, heat for 10 minutes, separate the sea cucumber from the boiling liquid, and collect about 280L of boiling liquid.

[0028] Step S2, centrifugal purification: The above boiled liquid is passed into a tubular centrifuge and centrifuged at a high speed of 14,000 rpm to collect about 265 L of clear filtrate.

[0029] Step S3, nanofiltration desalination and concentration: The clarified filtrate is passed into a nanofiltration device, a 400 Dalton nanofiltration membrane is selected, and nanofiltration is performed under a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa. After desalination and dehydration, approximately 38 L of desalinated concentrate is obtained.

[0030] Step S4, macroporous resin purification: Seplite LX-100B macroporous adsorption resin was used to pack the chromatography column (diameter-to-height ratio 1:12); the desalted concentrate was passed into the chromatography column at a flow rate of 1.5 BV / h. After adsorption saturation, the column was washed sequentially with 1 column volume of purified water at a flow rate of 1.5 BV / h, eluted with 1 column volume of 20% ethanol solution at a flow rate of 1 BV / h, and eluted with 1 column volume of 80% ethanol solution at a flow rate of 1 BV / h. Approximately 38 L of 80% ethanol eluent was collected. The resin was regenerated by elution with dilute alkali, neutralization with dilute hydrochloric acid, and washing with water for later use.

[0031] Step S5, Concentration: The 80% ethanol eluent is concentrated under reduced pressure at a vacuum of 0.09 MPa and a temperature of 60°C until the specific gravity d=1.25, yielding approximately 3.2 kg of concentrated paste.

[0032] Step S6, Drying and Pulverizing: The concentrated paste is spray-dried (inlet air temperature 170℃, outlet air temperature 85℃), then pulverized and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain 0.75 kg of sea cucumber saponin fine powder; the product has a total saponin content of 76.1% and a water content of 4.8%.

[0033] Example 3, referring to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a preparation process for sea cucumber saponins, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step S1, Raw material pretreatment and preparation of boiling liquid: Select 100kg of fresh sea cucumber with green organic certification, remove the internal organs, and rinse repeatedly with clean water until there is no mud or foreign matter residue; put the cleaned sea cucumber into clean water at 85-95℃, heat for 15 minutes, separate the sea cucumber from the boiling liquid, and collect about 290L of boiling liquid.

[0034] Step S2, centrifugal purification: The above boiled liquid is passed into a tubular centrifuge and centrifuged at a high speed of 16,000 rpm, and about 275 L of clear filtrate is collected.

[0035] Step S3, nanofiltration desalination and concentration: The clarified filtrate is passed into a nanofiltration device, a 300 Dalton nanofiltration membrane is selected, and nanofiltration is performed under a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa. After desalination and dehydration, approximately 39 L of desalinated concentrate is obtained.

[0036] Step S4, macroporous resin purification: Seplite LX-100B macroporous adsorption resin was used to pack the chromatography column (diameter-to-height ratio 1:8); the desalted concentrate was passed into the chromatography column at a flow rate of 2.5 BV / h. After adsorption saturation, the column was washed sequentially with 1 column volume of purified water at a flow rate of 2.5 BV / h, 1 column volume of 30% ethanol solution at a flow rate of 2 BV / h, and 1.2 column volumes of 70% ethanol solution at a flow rate of 1.8 BV / h. Approximately 47 L of 70% ethanol eluent was collected. The resin was regenerated by elution with dilute alkali, neutralization with dilute hydrochloric acid, and washing with water for later use.

[0037] Step S5, Concentration: The 70% ethanol eluent is concentrated under reduced pressure at a vacuum of 0.07 MPa and a temperature of 68°C until the specific gravity d=1.18, yielding approximately 3.3 kg of concentrated paste.

[0038] Step S6, Drying and Pulverizing: The concentrated paste is vacuum dried at 80℃ to a moisture content of 4.5%, pulverized and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain 0.78 kg of sea cucumber saponin fine powder; the product is tested to have a total saponin content of 67.7% and a moisture content of 4.5%.

[0039] Determination of total saponin content in sea cucumber: Weigh appropriate amounts of the sea cucumber saponin products prepared in each example, add 30 mL of 60% ethanol, and extract twice by reflux at 80℃ for 1 h each time. Filter, combine the filtrates, evaporate the ethanol to dryness at 50℃, and dilute the extract to a 25 mL volumetric flask to obtain the test solution. Pipette 0.2 mL of the above test solution into a 10 mL stoppered test tube, evaporate the reagent under reduced pressure, add 0.2 mL of 5% vanillin-glacial acetic acid solution, then add 0.8 mL of perchloric acid, shake well, and react in a 60℃ water bath for 15 min, then cool in an ice-water bath. Add 5 mL of glacial acetic acid to the cooled test tube for dilution, mix well, and let stand at room temperature for 10 min. Measure the absorbance at 546 nm, and calculate the total saponin content using the standard curve. The results are shown in the figure. Figure 2.

[0040] according to Figure 2 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the actual content (unit: mg) of sea cucumber saponin standard, and the vertical axis represents the absorbance value of the standard with the corresponding content measured at a wavelength of 546 nm after the colorimetric reaction. The values ​​are shown below. The sea cucumber saponins are used in combination with pharmaceutical excipients, such as starch, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, and polyethylene glycol, to produce preparations such as powders, solid beverages, tablets, soft capsules, hard capsules, and granules.

[0041] Preparation of sea cucumber saponin soft capsules: Take 20g of sea cucumber saponin fine powder prepared in Example 1 of this invention, add 180g of soybean oil, stir evenly, and make 1000 soft capsules using a soft capsule pressing device. Each capsule contains 20mg of sea cucumber saponin. These soft capsules are suitable for sub-healthy people. Take 1-2 capsules daily. They have the effects of relieving fatigue and improving immunity.

[0042] Preparation of sea cucumber saponin tablets: Take 30g of sea cucumber saponin fine powder prepared in Example 2 of this invention, add 150g of microcrystalline cellulose, 50g of lactose and 3g of magnesium stearate, mix evenly, compress into 1000 tablets, each tablet containing 30mg of sea cucumber saponin; this tablet is suitable for people with hyperlipidemia and hypertension, take 1-2 tablets daily, and has the effect of assisting in lowering blood lipids and blood pressure.

[0043] Preparation of sea cucumber saponin granules: Take 50g of sea cucumber saponin fine powder prepared in Example 3 of this invention, add 200g of sucrose powder and 150g of dextrin, mix evenly, granulate with 80% ethanol solution, dry and granulate to make 1000 bags of granules, each bag containing 50mg of sea cucumber saponin; this granule is suitable for people undergoing adjuvant cancer treatment, take 1 bag daily, and has an adjuvant anti-tumor effect.

[0044] Of course, the above description is not limited to the examples above. Technical features not described in this invention can be implemented by or using existing technology, and will not be repeated here. The above embodiments and drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this invention and are not intended to limit this invention. This invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of this invention do not depart from the spirit of this invention and should also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A process for preparing sea cucumber saponins, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1, Raw material pretreatment and preparation of boiling liquid: Select fresh sea cucumbers, remove the internal organs, and rinse with clean water until there is no mud or foreign matter residue on the surface and inside the body; put the cleaned fresh sea cucumbers into clean water at 80-100℃ and heat for 10-20 minutes. After cooking, separate the sea cucumbers from the boiling liquid and collect the boiling liquid. Step S2, Centrifugal Purification: The boiled liquid collected in Step S1 is centrifuged in a tubular centrifuge to remove impurities and collect the clarified filtrate; Step S3, Nanofiltration Desalination and Concentration: The clarified filtrate obtained in Step S2 is passed into a nanofiltration device and treated with a nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 200-400 Daltons to retain large molecular active components in the boiled liquid and remove small molecules of salt and water to obtain a desalted concentrate; Step S4, Macroporous Resin Purification: Sephuz 5 is used... The chromatography column is packed with Seplite LX-20B or Seplite LX-100B macroporous adsorption resin. The desalted concentrate obtained in step S3 is passed into the chromatography column at a flow rate of 1-3 BV / h to adsorb sea cucumber saponins onto the macroporous adsorption resin. The following elution operations are then performed sequentially: Step S41, water washing: elute with 1 column volume of purified water at a flow rate of 1-3 BV / h to remove water-soluble impurities and pigments; Step S42, low-concentration ethanol elution: elute with 1 column volume of 20-30 BV / h... Elute with 60-80% ethanol solution at a flow rate of 1-2 BV / h to remove non-saponin components adsorbed on the resin; Step S43, high-concentration ethanol elution: Elute with 1-2 column volumes of 60-80% ethanol solution at a flow rate of 1-2 BV / h, and collect the eluent, which is the eluent rich in sea cucumber saponins; Step S44, resin regeneration: After elution, elute with 0.5-1 mol / L dilute alkali solution until the effluent becomes lighter in color, and then neutralize with 0.5-1 mol / L dilute hydrochloric acid solution. Then wash with purified water until the eluent is neutral; Step S5, concentration: the eluent rich in sea cucumber saponins collected in step S43 is passed into a vacuum concentration device and concentrated to a specific gravity d=1.15-1.30 under vacuum conditions of 0.06-0.09MPa and temperature of 60-70℃ to obtain a concentrated paste; Step S6, drying and pulverizing: the concentrated paste obtained in step S5 is vacuum dried or spray dried at 60-80℃, pulverized after drying, and passed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the sea cucumber saponin product.

2. The preparation process of sea cucumber saponins according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the centrifugation speed is 12000-16000 rpm.

3. The preparation process of sea cucumber saponins according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the molecular weight cutoff of the nanofiltration membrane is 200-400 Daltons.

4. The preparation process of sea cucumber saponins according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the diameter-to-height ratio of the chromatography column is 1:8-1:

12.

5. The preparation process of sea cucumber saponins according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the total saponin content of the sea cucumber saponin product is 50-80%.

6. The preparation process of sea cucumber saponins according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the daily intake dose of sea cucumber saponin products is 10mg-50mg.

7. The use of sea cucumber saponins obtained by the preparation process according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The sea cucumber saponins are used in combination with pharmaceutical excipients to produce powders, solid beverages, tablets, soft capsules, hard capsules, and granules.

8. The use of sea cucumber saponins obtained by the preparation process according to claim 7, characterized in that, Pharmaceutical excipients include starch, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, and polyethylene glycol.

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