A sweat-absorbable and expandable fabric and a method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

This application relates to the field of textile technology, specifically disclosing a sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric and its preparation method. The sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric comprises the following raw materials: a base fiber and a modified fiber; the modified fiber is a functional fiber formed by grafting chitosan and a thermosensitive polymer onto the surface of polyester fibers using graft modification technology. The sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric of this application can be used to prepare quick-drying clothing, which has the advantages of quick-drying and good durability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of textile technology, and in particular to a sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing awareness of health among the public and the booming development of the sports industry, the market demand for textiles that combine superior comfort and functionality is becoming increasingly urgent. In scenarios such as sports and fitness activities and outdoor work, sweating is an important physiological activity for maintaining body temperature balance. However, traditional textiles, when dealing with large amounts of sweat, mostly rely on the hygroscopic properties of the fibers themselves or passively wick away moisture through the fabric structure. When sweat soaks the fabric, it tends to cling to the skin, feeling damp and cold, leading not only to a sticky and uncomfortable wearing experience but also affecting thermal comfort due to reduced evaporative cooling efficiency, and potentially even posing health risks in extreme environments. Therefore, developing smart textiles that can quickly respond to and efficiently manage sweat, keeping skin dry for extended periods, has become a core focus for both industrial upgrading and the consumer market.

[0003] Furthermore, in special operations fields such as firefighting, metallurgy, and power maintenance, where there are risks of high temperatures and open flames, workers must wear protective clothing that meets strict flame-retardant standards. These garments are typically made of high-performance flame-retardant fibers such as aramid and polyimide, which excel in flame retardancy and heat insulation, but often have significant shortcomings in moisture absorption and wicking. The inherent hydrophobicity of these fibers and the tight fabric structure necessary to achieve the required protection level make it difficult for sweat to be quickly absorbed and wicked away, easily creating a high-humidity microenvironment between the skin and clothing. This not only greatly reduces comfort and flexibility during long-term work, but more importantly, in the event of a sudden high-temperature heat source, the accumulated sweat may instantly vaporize, posing a potential safety hazard of severe "steam burns." How to endow high-grade flame-retardant fabrics with excellent liquid moisture management capabilities, achieving a balance between safety protection and wearing comfort, is a major technical challenge currently facing the field of special protective clothing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric and a method for preparing the same.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a sweat-absorbing and expanding fabric, which adopts the following technical solution: A sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric comprising the following raw materials: The matrix fiber and the modified fiber; the modified fiber is a functional fiber formed by grafting chitosan and a thermosensitive polymer onto the surface of polyester fiber through graft modification technology.

[0006] By employing the aforementioned technical solution and grafting modification technology, hydrophilic and biocompatible natural polymer chitosan and a thermosensitive polymer with stimuli-responsive properties are co-grafted onto the surface of polyester fibers, constructing a smart responsive functional fiber. Its mechanism of action is as follows: chitosan efficiently adsorbs sweat moisture through its abundant hydrophilic groups, providing a swelling environment for the thermosensitive polymer chains; after adsorbing moisture, the conformation of the thermosensitive polymer molecular chains undergoes a significant change, transforming from a hydrophobic, coiled state to a hydrophilic, stretched state, thereby driving a significant expansion of the fiber's macroscopic volume. This expansion directly leads to dynamic three-dimensional unevenness in the fabric structure locally (in areas in contact with sweat), instantly increasing the air layer between the fabric and the skin, greatly enhancing breathability and moisture dissipation efficiency, achieving a leap from passive moisture absorption to active structural regulation. Simultaneously, the inherent antibacterial properties of chitosan are retained, endowing the fabric with lasting hygienic protective functions. The entire response process is fast and reversible, and due to the stability of the grafted covalent bonds, this intelligent expansion function has excellent wash resistance and long-term stability, thereby achieving a unified improvement in the dryness, comfort and functional durability of the fabric.

[0007] Optionally, the modified fiber includes the following preparation steps: S1. Immerse polyester fibers in a 5-10% sodium hydroxide solution, treat at 60-80℃ for 30-60 minutes, then wash with deionized water until neutral and dry to obtain pretreated fibers; S2. Immerse the pretreated fibers in a grafting solution containing chitosan, thermosensitive monomers and initiators, and react at 60-70℃ for 2-4 hours under nitrogen protection; S3. After the reaction is complete, wash, remove impurities, and dry to constant weight to obtain modified fibers.

[0008] By employing the above technical solution, firstly, the alkali treatment step moderately etches and activates the polyester fiber surface, generating abundant active sites and greatly enhancing the reactivity and wettability of the fiber surface, providing a stable physical anchor and chemical bonding basis for subsequent grafting. Secondly, the grafting reaction under nitrogen protection is crucial, creating an inert environment to prevent oxygen from inhibiting the polymerization reaction, ensuring efficient decomposition of the initiator to generate free radicals, thereby driving the graft copolymerization and cross-linking reaction of temperature-sensitive monomers and chitosan on the fiber surface and shallow layer, forming a structurally stable, chemically bonded intelligent responsive gel network. Finally, a thorough washing step completely removes physically adsorbed homopolymers and unreacted monomers, ensuring the purity and biosafety of the final product's function, and making the responsive behavior of the grafted network more precise and repeatable. This stepwise method not only offers process control and good reproducibility, but more importantly, it fundamentally solves the problem of easy peeling of functional coatings, constructing a durable functional interface through covalent bonding, giving the fiber's intelligent expansion function excellent wash resistance and long-term use stability.

[0009] Optionally, the modified fiber may contain the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-110 parts polyester fiber, 8-12 parts chitosan (degree of deacetylation ≥85%), 10-20 parts thermosensitive monomer, 0.5-1.5 parts initiator, 200-400 parts deionized water, and 0.1-0.3 parts crosslinking agent.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, polyester fiber serves as the core framework of the functional carrier, and its dosage ensures that the final fiber possesses the necessary mechanical strength and processing performance. The ratio of chitosan to thermosensitive monomers is optimized to construct an interpenetrating / semi-interpenetrating polymer network with an ideal swelling ratio and response rate on the fiber surface: sufficient chitosan provides strong initial moisture capture and ion adsorption capabilities, establishing a humidity "trigger" and driving force for subsequent responses; while the proportionally balanced thermosensitive monomers ensure that the network can undergo sufficiently dramatic conformational changes and volume changes after absorbing water, thereby achieving significant macroscopic expansion. An appropriate amount of initiator is key to starting and controlling the surface grafting polymerization reaction. Its dosage ensures a suitable free radical concentration, allowing the reaction to proceed fully and effectively grafting functional polymers, while avoiding excessive homopolymerization that could lead to raw material waste or gel blockage. A trace amount of crosslinking agent acts as a "molecular rivet," introducing appropriate crosslinking points within the grafted network, significantly enhancing the network's integrity and mechanical stability, making its structure less prone to damage during repeated swelling-shrinkage cycles, thus endowing it with excellent fatigue resistance. The raw material ratio synergistically regulates the grafting reaction process and the structure of the product, ultimately forming a modified layer with moderate thickness, ideal grafting rate, and stable network structure on the fiber surface.

[0011] Optionally, the initiator is composed of potassium persulfate and sodium bisulfite in a mass ratio of 0.5-1:1.

[0012] By employing the above technical solution, a redox reaction can occur in the reaction system, efficiently and gently generating a large number of primary free radicals at temperatures far below those required by a single thermal decomposition initiator (60-70℃), thereby significantly reducing the activation energy required for the polymerization reaction. This effectively avoids potential degradation of the temperature-sensitive chitosan molecular chains, protecting its hydrophilicity and functional group integrity; secondly, it reduces the potential risk of high temperature damage to the mechanical properties of the polyester fiber, maintaining the strength of the fiber matrix.

[0013] Optionally, the modified fiber content in the fabric is 20%-50%.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, an appropriate amount of matrix fibers constitutes the stable skeleton of the fabric. It not only provides the necessary mechanical strength, dimensional stability and drape when dry, but also plays an orderly role in bearing, guiding and restraining the expansion of modified fibers when wet, preventing the fabric structure from loosening, wrinkling or mechanical damage caused by excessive or disordered expansion, and ensuring that the deformation is controllable, reversible and beneficial.

[0015] Optionally, the matrix fiber is obtained by blending flame-retardant fiber and moisture-absorbing fiber in a weight ratio of 20-60:40-80, wherein the flame-retardant fiber is selected from at least one of meta-aramid, para-aramid, polyimide, flame-retardant viscose, flame-retardant polyester, flame-retardant acrylonitrile, and flame-retardant nylon, and the moisture-absorbing fiber is any one of polyester staple fiber or nylon staple fiber, with a specification of 1.3-2.0D and a length of 38-51mm.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the matrix fiber is made of flame-retardant fiber and moisture-wicking fiber blended in a specific ratio, achieving synergistic and enhanced functionality from the material's origin. The flame-retardant fiber, with its inherent heat-resistant chemical structure (such as aromatic rings and heterocyclic rings) or introduced flame-retardant elements, can effectively promote char layer formation, block heat transfer, and terminate the free radical chain reaction of combustion when heated or exposed to flames, thus providing the fabric with intrinsic, durable, and uniform flame-retardant protection. Simultaneously, the moisture-wicking fiber, with its fine-denier profiled cross-section, constructs a highly efficient capillary moisture-wicking network in the blended system, ensuring the yarn possesses the necessary mechanical strength, flexibility, and spinnability. The uniform blending and interweaving of the two fibers at the microscale allows the flame-retardant performance to be distributed throughout the entire fabric matrix from the inside out, rather than relying on surface finishing; while the moisture-wicking function is firmly integrated with the physical morphology of the fibers. This blended design natively integrates the physical basis of "passive safety protection" and "active moisture management" within a single material system. This not only enables the fabric itself to meet strict flame retardant safety standards, but more importantly, it provides a strong, stable, and breathable support skeleton for the expansion and deformation of the intelligent modified fibers. As a result, it achieves a systematic unity and improvement in protective reliability, wearing comfort, and functional durability at the fabric structure level.

[0017] Further selection of moisture-wicking fibers with specifications between 1.3D and 2D and lengths between 38 and 51 mm ensures an ideal balance between functionality and wearability in the fabric: the fine 1.3D-2.0D fibers enable the fabric to achieve a soft, lightweight feel and appearance, meeting the comfort requirements of close-fitting clothing; while a certain upper limit on linear density ensures the necessary mechanical strength, morphological stability, and durability of the fabric, enabling it to withstand the internal stress caused by repeated expansion and contraction of the modified fibers, ensuring the long-term reliability of the intelligent functions.

[0018] Optionally, 0.5-2 parts of a thermosensitive enhancer are added to the grafting solution. The thermosensitive enhancer is polyethylene glycol diacrylate with a number average molecular weight of 400-1000.

[0019] By employing the above technical solution, the bifunctional molecule of polyethylene glycol diacrylate plays the role of a "multifunctional structure regulator" in the graft copolymerization process: its acrylate groups at both ends can participate in the copolymerization reaction, serving as long-chain crosslinking points in the network formed by chitosan and the thermosensitive polymer, constructing a composite network structure with both higher crosslinking density and longer crosslinking bridges. This structure first significantly enhances the mechanical integrity and resilience of the entire graft layer, enabling it to effectively resist structural fatigue during repeated swelling-shrinkage cycles, thereby greatly improving functional durability. More importantly, its polyethylene glycol segments themselves possess excellent hydrophilicity, flexibility, and moderate temperature response characteristics, which can deeply optimize the hydrophilic-lipophilic microregion distribution of the network, regulate the water transfer and storage state within the network, thereby synergistically "amplifying" the conformational change effect of the thermosensitive polymer chains. This not only makes the volume phase transition of the network more sensitive and significant, but also makes the response behavior more uniform and controllable. Chain lengths with molecular weights limited to 400-1000 provide sufficient flexibility to maintain good network swelling capacity and avoid sluggish response caused by excessive crosslinking, while also ensuring sufficient structural strength as a crosslinking bridge. Therefore, the addition of reinforcing agents further improves the various properties of the fabric.

[0020] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric, employing the following technical solution: A method for preparing a sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric includes the following steps: The base fiber and the modified fiber are woven together according to a preset jacquard pattern to obtain the fabric greige. The fabric blank is placed in warm water at 50-60℃ for 10-20 minutes to wash it, so that the modified fiber can fully absorb moisture and expand and partially solidify its expanded shape, thereby forming a stable three-dimensional concave-convex structure on the fabric surface. The washed fabric is dried and set to stabilize its final shape.

[0021] By employing the above technical solution, a warm water environment of 50-60℃ precisely matches the swelling transition range of the temperature-sensitive polymer network, fully stimulating the expansion potential of the modified fibers to reach the preset expansion state. Simultaneously, this gentle heat and moisture treatment process promotes the relaxation and rearrangement of the grafted polymer chains, and through partial reconstruction of intermolecular forces (such as hydrogen bonds), the expanded network morphology is initially "solidified" and stabilized, thus forming a memory-based pre-strained structure within the fabric. The final drying and setting steps utilize thermodynamic principles to permanently lock this pre-strained structure: under a controlled thermal field and moderate tension, the polymer chains are fixed in a stable conformation with lower energy, and the overall three-dimensional concave-convex structure of the fabric is set, ensuring the reversibility of its expansion-shrinkage cycle and the accuracy of its shape recovery in subsequent use.

[0022] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. This application employs grafting modification technology to synergistically construct chitosan and thermosensitive polymers on the fiber surface, forming a smart responsive interface. This imbues the fabric with "sensing-response" capabilities. Chitosan, acting as a highly efficient sweat trigger, rapidly captures moisture, subsequently activating the thermosensitive polymer network to undergo a dramatic and reversible volume phase transition (swelling). This drives the fabric's macrostructure to transform from a dense, flat state to a fluffy state with stable three-dimensional textures. This dynamic deformation directly increases the airflow layer between the fabric and the skin, achieving a leap from passive moisture absorption and wicking to actively creating and regulating a dry microenvironment. This solves the problems of traditional moisture-wicking fabrics clinging to the body after sweating and slow evaporation, significantly improving wearing comfort in sweat-prone scenarios such as sports.

[0023] 2. This application preferably employs a series of technical means, including alkali treatment activation, redox initiation system, crosslinking agent and temperature-sensitive reinforcing agent. Because these means strengthen the bonding force between the functional layer and the fiber matrix and the stability of its own network from different dimensions, the effect of long-lasting function and durability is achieved.

[0024] 3. The method of this application improves the performance of the fabric and broadens its application scenarios by weaving modified fibers in a gradient distribution with high-performance matrix fibers and then activating the fabric with a water washing and setting process. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following detailed description of this application is provided in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be noted that: unless otherwise specified, the conditions in the following embodiments are performed under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following embodiments are all from commercially available sources.

[0026] The matrix fiber is a 20-count yarn made by blending meta-aramid staple fiber (1.5D*51mm) and polyester staple fiber (1.5D*51mm with irregular cross-section, wicking height ≥150mm) in a weight ratio of 40:60.

[0027] Preparation Example

[0028] Preparation Example 1 A modified fiber, prepared by the following steps: S1. Immerse polyester fibers with a specification of 75D / 36F in an 8% sodium hydroxide solution with a bath-to-solution ratio of 1:25 and treat at 70°C for 45 minutes. During the treatment, maintain uniform stirring. After treatment, wash repeatedly with deionized water until neutral, and then dry at a low temperature of 55°C to obtain the pretreated fibers. S2. First, weigh 10 kg of chitosan and add it to 300 kg of deionized water. Stir until completely dissolved. Then, add 15 kg of N-isopropylacrylamide (temperature-sensitive monomer) and 0.2 kg of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinking agent) in sequence. Continue stirring until completely dissolved. Adjust the pH to 4.5 ± 0.2. Finally, add 1 kg of potassium persulfate (initiator) to obtain the grafting solution. 100 kg of pretreated fiber was immersed in the grafting solution and stirred at 65°C for 3 hours under nitrogen protection. S3. After the reaction is complete, the fiber is taken out and soaked in deionized water at 40℃ for 30 minutes. Then, it is ultrasonically cleaned three times with water at 40℃ for 10 minutes each time. Finally, it is rinsed twice with deionized water at room temperature. After draining the water from the cleaned modified fiber, it is dried at 55℃ and vacuum degree -0.09MPa for 4 hours until the fiber weight change rate is ≤0.1% and constant weight is obtained.

[0029] Preparation Example 2 A modified fiber, prepared by the following steps: S1. Immerse polyester fibers with a specification of 75D / 36F in a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 5-10% and control the bath-to-solution ratio at 1:25. Treat at 60℃ for 60 minutes, and keep stirring at a constant speed during the treatment. After treatment, wash repeatedly with deionized water until neutral, and then dry at a low temperature of 55℃ to obtain the pretreated fibers. S2. First, weigh 8 kg of chitosan and add it to 400 kg of deionized water. Stir until completely dissolved. Then, add 20 kg of N-isopropylacrylamide (temperature-sensitive monomer) and 0.1 kg of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinking agent) in sequence. Continue stirring until completely dissolved. Adjust the pH to 4.5 ± 0.2. Finally, add 0.5 kg of potassium persulfate (initiator) to obtain the grafting solution. 90 kg of pretreated fiber was immersed in the grafting solution and stirred at 60 °C for 4 hours under nitrogen protection. S3. After the reaction is complete, the fiber is taken out and soaked in deionized water at 40℃ for 30 minutes. Then, it is ultrasonically cleaned three times with water at 40℃ for 10 minutes each time. Finally, it is rinsed twice with deionized water at room temperature. After draining the water from the cleaned modified fiber, it is dried at 55℃ and vacuum degree -0.09MPa for 4 hours until the fiber weight change rate is ≤0.1% and constant weight is obtained.

[0030] Preparation Example 3 A modified fiber, prepared by the following steps: S1. Immerse polyester fibers with a specification of 75D / 36F in a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 5-10% and control the bath-to-solution ratio at 1:25. Treat at 80℃ for 30 minutes while maintaining uniform stirring during the treatment. After treatment, wash repeatedly with deionized water until neutral and then dry at a low temperature of 55℃ to obtain the pretreated fibers. S2. First, weigh 10 kg of chitosan and add it to 300 kg of deionized water. Stir until completely dissolved. Then, add 15 kg of N-isopropylacrylamide (temperature-sensitive monomer) and 0.2 kg of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinking agent) in sequence. Continue stirring until completely dissolved. Adjust the pH to 4.5 ± 0.2. Finally, add 1 kg of potassium persulfate (initiator) to obtain the grafting solution. 100 kg of pretreated fiber was immersed in the grafting solution and stirred at 70°C for 2 hours under nitrogen protection. S3. After the reaction is complete, the fiber is taken out and soaked in deionized water at 40℃ for 30 minutes. Then, it is ultrasonically cleaned three times with water at 40℃ for 10 minutes each time. Finally, it is rinsed twice with deionized water at room temperature. After draining the water from the cleaned modified fiber, it is dried at 55℃ and vacuum degree -0.09MPa for 4 hours until the fiber weight change rate is ≤0.1% and constant weight is obtained.

[0031] Preparation Example 4 A modified fiber, which differs from Preparation Example 1 in that the grafting initiator in this preparation example is a mixture of potassium persulfate and sodium bisulfite in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0032] Preparation Example 5 A modified fiber, differing from Preparation Example 1 in that 0.5 kg of polyethylene glycol diacrylate was added to the grafting solution in this preparation example, specifically including the following steps: S2. First, weigh 10 kg of chitosan and add it to 300 kg of deionized water. Stir until completely dissolved. Then, add 0.5 kg of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, 15 kg of N-isopropylacrylamide, and 0.2 kg of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (crosslinking agent) in sequence. Continue stirring until completely dissolved. Adjust the pH to 4.5 ± 0.2. Finally, add 1 kg of potassium persulfate (initiator) to obtain the grafting solution. The remaining steps are the same as in Preparation Example 1.

[0033] Preparation Example 6 A modified fiber, which differs from Preparation Example 4 in that 1.2 kg of polyethylene glycol diacrylate was added to the grafting solution in this preparation example.

[0034] Preparation Example 7 A modified fiber, which differs from Preparation Example 4 in that 2 kg of polyethylene glycol diacrylate was added to the grafting solution in this preparation example.

[0035] Example

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric, prepared by the following steps: The modified fiber content in the fabric was designed to be 35%. The matrix fiber and the modified fiber obtained in Preparation Example 1 were woven together according to a preset jacquard pattern. The jacquard machine was set with a head speed of 25 rpm and a fiber tension of 60 cN, resulting in a basis weight of 175 g / m. 2 Fabric greige; The fabric blank is placed in warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes to wash it, so that the modified fiber can fully absorb moisture and expand and partially solidify its expanded shape, thereby forming a stable three-dimensional concave-convex structure on the fabric surface. The washed fabric is dried and set to stabilize its final shape.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric, prepared by the following steps: The modified fiber content in the fabric was designed to be 20%. The matrix fiber and the modified fiber obtained in Preparation Example 2 were woven together according to a preset jacquard pattern. The jacquard machine was set with a head speed of 25 rpm and a fiber tension of 60 cN, resulting in a basis weight of 175 g / m. 2 Fabric greige; The fabric blank is placed in warm water at 50°C for 20 minutes to wash it, so that the modified fiber can fully absorb moisture and expand and partially solidify its expanded shape, thereby forming a stable three-dimensional concave-convex structure on the fabric surface. The washed fabric is dried and set to stabilize its final shape.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] A sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric, prepared by the following steps: The modified fiber content in the fabric was designed to be 50%. The matrix fiber and the modified fiber obtained in Preparation Example 3 were woven together according to a preset jacquard pattern. The jacquard machine was set with a head speed of 25 rpm and a fiber tension of 60 cN, resulting in a basis weight of 175 g / m. 2 Fabric greige; The fabric blank is placed in warm water at 60°C for 10 minutes to wash it, so that the modified fiber can fully absorb moisture and expand and partially solidify its expanded shape, thereby forming a stable three-dimensional concave-convex structure on the fabric surface. The washed fabric is dried and set to stabilize its final shape.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] A sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric, which differs from Example 1 in that the modified fiber used in this example is the one prepared in Preparation Example 4.

[0044] Example 5

[0045] A sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric, which differs from Example 1 in that the modified fiber used in this example is the one prepared in Preparation Example 5.

[0046] Example 6

[0047] A sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric, which differs from Example 1 in that the modified fiber used in this example is the one prepared in Preparation Example 6.

[0048] Example 7

[0049] A sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric, which differs from Example 1 in that the modified fiber used in this example is the one prepared in Preparation Example 7.

[0050] Comparative Example

[0051] Comparative Example 1 A sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric, which differs from Example 1 in that no modified fibers were added in this comparative example.

[0052] Comparative Example 2 A sweat-absorbing and expandable fabric, which differs from Example 1 in that the comparative example uses polyester filament yarn with 100% polyester as the base fiber.

[0053] Performance testing Detection methods / test methods Moisture absorption volume expansion rate test: Under standard environment (20℃, 65%RH), simulated sweat (prepared according to GB / T 3922) is dripped onto the skin-contact surface of the fabric until saturation, and the change in diameter or cross-section is measured and calculated. Durability: The washing test was conducted in accordance with GB / T 8629-2017 "Laboratory Washing and Drying Procedures for Textiles". After 20 standard washes (40℃), the test was conducted again, and the performance retention rate was calculated to verify that it has deformation function and excellent durability. Flame retardant performance: According to GB / T 5455-2014 "Textiles Burning Performance Vertical Method", the damaged length, afterflame time and smoldering time of the fabric are tested. If the damaged length is ≤150mm and the afterflame and smoldering time are ≤5s, it is considered to meet the requirements of this standard.

[0054] Table 1 Test Results

[0055] Combining Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 with Table 1, it can be seen that the experimental data of Examples 1-3 are all better than those of Comparative Example 1. This indicates that the functional fibers prepared by grafting modification technology can give the fabric better moisture absorption and expansion properties, thereby forming a tiny gap between the clothing and the skin, and improving the sweat evaporation efficiency in conjunction with the special structure of the fabric.

[0056] As can be seen from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 2 and Table 1, Comparative Example 2 used 100% ordinary polyester filament as the matrix fiber, and its flame retardant properties were completely ineffective. This application uses a blend of flame retardant fiber and moisture-absorbing fiber as the matrix fiber, which ensures that the fabric has good flame retardancy while maintaining good moisture absorption properties, thereby obtaining a fabric that simultaneously has flame retardancy, high moisture absorption and expansion properties and good durability.

[0057] Combining Examples 1 and 4 with Table 1, it can be seen that all experimental data in Example 4 are better than those in Example 1, indicating that the initiator obtained by combining potassium persulfate and sodium bisulfite can initiate the graft copolymerization reaction more efficiently and gently, thereby preparing modified fibers with more uniform structure and better performance.

[0058] Combining Examples 1 and 5-7 with Table 1, it can be seen that the experimental data of Examples 5-7 are all better than those of Example 1, indicating that the addition of temperature-sensitive enhancer can effectively improve the integrity and structural stability of the grafted network, not only further increasing the moisture absorption volume expansion rate of the modified fiber but also significantly enhancing its water washability.

[0059] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric, characterized in that, Including the following raw materials: The matrix fiber and the modified fiber; the modified fiber is a functional fiber formed by grafting chitosan and a thermosensitive polymer onto the surface of polyester fiber through graft modification technology.

2. The sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified fiber includes the following preparation steps: S1. Immerse polyester fibers in a 5-10% sodium hydroxide solution, treat at 60-80℃ for 30-60 minutes, then wash with deionized water until neutral and dry to obtain pretreated fibers; S2. Immerse the pretreated fibers in a grafting solution containing chitosan, thermosensitive monomers and initiators, and react at 60-70℃ for 2-4 hours under nitrogen protection; S3. After the reaction is complete, wash, remove impurities, and dry to constant weight to obtain modified fibers.

3. The sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified fiber contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-110 parts polyester fiber, 8-12 parts chitosan (degree of deacetylation ≥85%), 10-20 parts thermosensitive monomer, 0.5-1.5 parts initiator, 200-400 parts deionized water, and 0.1-0.3 parts crosslinking agent.

4. The sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric according to claim 2, characterized in that: The initiator is composed of potassium persulfate and sodium bisulfite in a mass ratio of 0.5-1:

1.

5. The sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified fiber content in the fabric is 20%-50%.

6. The sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix fiber is obtained by blending flame-retardant fiber and moisture-absorbing fiber in a weight ratio of 20-60:40-80. The flame-retardant fiber is selected from at least one of meta-aramid, para-aramid, polyimide, flame-retardant viscose, flame-retardant polyester, flame-retardant acrylonitrile, and flame-retardant nylon. The moisture-absorbing fiber is any one of polyester staple fiber or nylon staple fiber, with a specification of 1.3-2.0D and a length of 38-51mm.

7. The sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grafting solution also contains 0.5-2 parts of a thermosensitive enhancer, which is polyethylene glycol diacrylate with a number average molecular weight of 400-1000.

8. A method for preparing a sweat-absorbing and swelling fabric according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The base fiber and the modified fiber are woven together according to a preset jacquard pattern to obtain the fabric greige. The fabric blank is placed in warm water at 50-60℃ for 10-20 minutes to wash it, so that the modified fiber can fully absorb moisture and expand and partially solidify its expanded shape, thereby forming a stable three-dimensional concave-convex structure on the fabric surface. The washed fabric is dried and set to stabilize its final shape.

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