Dredging equipment and anchoring methods for managing silt buildup behind wharves and on riverbanks.

Abstract

This invention relates to dredging equipment and anchoring methods for treating silt accumulation behind wharves and on riverbanks, belonging to the technical field of dredging equipment for riverbank areas. The dredging equipment includes a flow-diverting and silt-reducing unit and an anchoring and positioning system. The flow-diverting and silt-reducing unit has a flexible water-retaining body that can be retracted and extended to change the local flow field. The anchoring and positioning system includes a counterweight base placed on the seabed and a constraint assembly connecting the two. The constraint assembly restricts horizontal displacement and allows vertical floating, enabling the flexible water-retaining body to maintain a stable upstream posture. This invention, through the combination of gravity-based counterweight and floating constraints, achieves efficient flow-diverting and silt-reducing while effectively avoiding the problems of stress damage to the dam body, localized scour and self-burial, and the large size and difficulty of disassembly and assembly of the anchoring system caused by rigid constraints in traditional fixed structures. It features a reasonable structure, low maintenance costs, and strong environmental adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dredging equipment technology for riverbank areas, utilizing wave or tidal currents to complete dredging work in the area behind the wharf and on the riverbank, and particularly to a dredging equipment and anchoring method for treating silt accumulation in the area behind the wharf and on the riverbank. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of dredging equipment technology in coastal areas, a technology has emerged that uses flexible rubber dam structures for nearshore flow diversion and silt reduction. This technology changes the local flow pattern of nearshore waters by utilizing the expansion or self-floating characteristics of the rubber dam body, guiding sediment-laden waters around the target area or inhibiting sediment deposition. It features simple structure, low cost, flexible layout, and no need for continuous external energy drive, thus giving rise to fixed rubber dam flow diversion and silt reduction devices.

[0003] In related technologies, fixed rubber dams typically consist of a dam bag body, an anchoring system, and a foundation connection structure. After being filled with water or air, the dam bag forms a flexible water-retaining body of a certain height, which is then fixed to a predetermined seabed position by anchoring forces. When water flows over the dam, the rubber dam alters the flow direction and velocity distribution, creating a localized scour zone downstream of the dam. This reduces siltation in the waters behind and on both sides of the dam, thus maintaining the designed mud surface elevation behind port terminals or near seawalls.

[0004] However, the aforementioned fixed rubber dam diversion and silt reduction devices have the following problems during long-term use: Due to long-term exposure to wave loads and impacts from floating debris, the main body of the dam bag is prone to structural damage such as deformation and tearing. After local scouring develops around the dam body, the foundation of the dam bag is easily hollowed out, leading to dam body settlement or even self-burial, resulting in a significant reduction in its diversion and silt reduction function in the later stages of service. In addition, in order to resist the large lateral restraint force exerted by the mooring system, the anchor structure has to adopt a large self-weight and size, which makes construction and installation difficult and the cost of later relocation and dismantling high, thus restricting the long-term economic efficiency and maintenance convenience of this type of device in marine engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the shortcomings of the existing production technologies, the applicant provides a dredging equipment and anchoring method for treating silt accumulation behind wharves and on shorelines. This equipment can autonomously achieve dredging functions within its rolling range through wave or tidal current drive. After long-term implementation, it can significantly reduce the economic investment of manual dredging or jet dredging each year.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: This invention provides a dredging equipment for treating silt accumulation behind wharves and on riverbanks, the dredging equipment comprising: At least one flow-guiding and silt-reducing unit extends along a direction perpendicular to the water flow and has a flexible water-blocking body. The flexible water-blocking body has a retracted state that allows water flow and an expanded state that extends upward from the seabed to change the local flow field. Anchoring system includes a counterweight base placed above the seabed and a constraint assembly connecting the counterweight base and the flow diversion and silt reduction unit; The flexible water-blocking body has a force-bearing surface that varies along the height direction, and in the deployed state, the constraint component restricts the horizontal displacement of the flow-guiding and silt-reducing unit, while allowing the flow-guiding and silt-reducing unit to float vertically in response to tidal changes or water flow.

[0007] Its beneficial effects are as follows: The core architecture of this invention abandons the rigid connection method of traditional fixed rubber dams with deep-buried anchorage, and instead adopts a design of counterweight base combined with floating constraints. On the one hand, it allows the flow-guiding and silt-reducing unit to float vertically with the tide level, which can effectively avoid the stress concentration and fatigue damage of the dam structure caused by wave reciprocating loads and drastic water level changes; on the other hand, by utilizing the weight of the counterweight base itself and the horizontal limitation of the constraint components, a stable turbulence-reducing and silt-reducing posture can be established in the water flow, without the need for a large and cumbersome deep-buried anchor body, which significantly reduces the difficulty of construction and installation and the cost of subsequent relocation and dismantling.

[0008] As a further improvement, the flow diversion and silt reduction unit also includes a rigid bottom beam or frame arranged along its extension direction, the flexible water-blocking body is connected to the rigid bottom beam or frame, and the rigid bottom beam or frame is provided with a ballast adjustment cavity for adjusting the internal buoyancy.

[0009] Its beneficial effects are as follows: by adding a rigid bottom beam or frame, a reliable supporting skeleton is provided for the flexible water-retaining body, preventing the flexible material from curling or failing under the drag of strong water currents, and ensuring the stability of the water-retaining surface. In particular, after the introduction of the ballast adjustment chamber, operators can precisely control the buoyancy state of the control unit by injecting water or venting air, thereby achieving rapid and controllable switching between the deployed and retracted states, greatly improving the equipment's adaptability to harsh sea conditions and the convenience of daily operation and maintenance.

[0010] As a further improvement, the constraint component includes a tensioning connector with a set length, one end of which is connected to the counterweight base and the other end of which is connected to the middle or top region of the flow guiding and silt reducing unit in the height direction, so that the flow guiding and silt reducing unit presents an obliquely facing-the-flow posture in the deployed state.

[0011] Its beneficial effects are as follows: setting the constraint point in the middle or top, rather than just at the bottom, has dual technical advantages. First, when the water flow impacts the flexible water-retaining body head-on, the oblique facing attitude can convert part of the horizontal impact force of the water flow into an upward lifting force or a diversion force along the slope, effectively reducing the bending moment load at the root of the dam and further protecting the connecting structure from damage. Second, this attitude can induce the bottom water flow to form a suitable subsurface flow or deflection flow, which enhances the local scouring effect at the bottom in front of the dam, thereby preventing the sediment from falling and accumulating at the dam foundation and solving the stubborn problem of "self-burying of the dam body" in traditional technologies.

[0012] As a further improvement, the counterweight base is a gravity-type extended foundation prefabricated with concrete or steel materials, the bottom area of ​​which is larger than the projected area of ​​the flow diversion and silt reduction unit on the horizontal plane, and the counterweight base is embedded at a predetermined depth below the seabed mud surface.

[0013] Furthermore, the counterweight base is provided with anti-scour skirts or anti-scour bottom protection structures extending below the seabed on the upstream side and / or downstream side.

[0014] Its beneficial effects are as follows: The use of gravity-driven extended foundations combined with shallow burial in the mud significantly reduces the system's dependence on seabed geological conditions. Even on relatively soft, silty seabeds, the foundation's own weight and bottom surface friction provide sufficient anti-slip anchoring force, avoiding the difficulties of driving in traditional large-diameter anchor piles. Furthermore, adding scour-resistant skirts or bottom protection structures effectively blocks the localized scouring path of water flow on the seabed edge of the foundation, preventing instability or suspension of the foundation due to the carrying away of sediment around it. This ensures the geometric stability of the anchoring system during long-term service.

[0015] As a further improvement, the restraint assembly includes an adjustable tension cable or chain, and the counterweight base is provided with a winch or length-adjusting lock for launching and retracting the restraint assembly, so as to change the deployment height or posture of the flexible water-blocking body by adjusting the effective length of the restraint assembly.

[0016] Its beneficial effects lie in upgrading the anchoring system from a "fixed connection" to a "dynamic control." When facing extreme water level changes such as spring tides, storm surges, or seasonal flood peaks, on-site personnel do not need to go into the water. They can dynamically adjust the release length of the restraint components simply by operating the winch or adjusting the locking devices, ensuring that the top elevation of the flow-diverting and silt-reducing unit is always within the optimal water-blocking and disturbance range. This not only guarantees the year-round continuity of silt-reducing effects but also gives the equipment the self-protection capability to actively lower its height to avoid direct impact from giant waves under extreme sea conditions.

[0017] As a further improvement, the dredging equipment also includes a plurality of flow guiding and silt reduction units arranged at intervals along the water flow direction, and a flow guiding channel is formed between adjacent flow guiding and silt reduction units to change the water flow velocity gradient.

[0018] Its beneficial effects are as follows: through array-based arrangement, the effect of a single disturbance is expanded into a regional flow field reshaping. The guiding channels between adjacent units can generate a contraction-expansion channel effect on the passing water flow, artificially creating changes in velocity gradient along the flow path. This alternating change in velocity disrupts the settling equilibrium conditions of sediment particles, making it difficult for sediment to settle within the designated protection area, thereby achieving larger-scale and more efficient silt reduction and treatment behind wharves and on riverbanks.

[0019] The present invention also provides an anchoring method based on the above-mentioned dredging equipment, comprising the following steps: Base installation steps: Place the counterweight base on the seabed surface of the predetermined treatment area, and make at least a portion of the counterweight base sink into the seabed mud surface; Unit placement steps: Move the retracted flow guiding and silt reduction unit to the upstream or side position of the counterweight base; Constraint connection steps: Connect the counterweight base and the flow guiding and silt reduction unit using constraint components; Attitude establishment steps: Apply buoyancy to the flow guiding and silt reduction unit or change its internal ballast to change the flexible water-blocking body from the retracted state to the deployed state, and automatically adjust the force state of the constraint component with the help of the water flow drag force to form a stable upstream attitude for turbulence reduction and silt reduction.

[0020] Its beneficial effects are as follows: This construction method makes full use of the buoyancy of the water and the natural dynamics of the water flow, realizing a "self-deploying" installation process that does not require the assistance of heavy-duty crane vessels. Maintaining the retracted state when the unit is in place greatly reduces water resistance and risks during transportation and towing; during attitude establishment, the water flow drag force automatically tightens the restraint components and forms the designed attitude, avoiding complex underwater positioning and leveling procedures, making the entire anchoring process safer, more economical, and more efficient.

[0021] As a further improvement, a dynamic control step is included after the attitude establishment step: under tidal changes or extreme sea conditions, the top elevation of the flow guiding and silt reduction unit is adjusted by releasing or tightening the constraint component to maintain the effective water-blocking area of ​​the flexible water-blocking body in the vertical direction.

[0022] Its beneficial effects include including the post-construction operation and maintenance phase within the scope of the method's protection. This step endows the equipment with the ability to proactively adapt to periodic hydrological changes and sudden meteorological disasters, significantly extending the effective operating window after a single deployment and reducing the equipment failure rate caused by sudden environmental changes.

[0023] As a further improvement, the maintenance operation also includes a reverse recovery step: releasing the internal buoyancy of the flow diversion and silt reduction unit or draining the ballast water to restore it to the retracted state, then disconnecting the constraint component from the counterweight base or the flow diversion and silt reduction unit, and towing the flow diversion and silt reduction unit away from the site for inspection or replacement.

[0024] Its beneficial effects are as follows: the reverse recycling step clarifies the reversibility and recycling value of the equipment. Compared with traditional fixed structures that require large cutting or lifting equipment for destructive dismantling, the method of this invention only requires simple drainage and unhooking operations to tow the lightweight flow diversion and silt reduction unit back to the harbor basin for maintenance, which greatly reduces the operation and maintenance costs and waste disposal costs throughout the entire life cycle, and is in line with the green and low-carbon development direction of marine engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main components of the rubber dam of the present invention in the assembled state.

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side end view.

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A sectional view.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection module of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the segmented assembly state of the main components of the rubber dam according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rubber sleeve structure of the main component of the rubber dam according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the inner shell structure of the main component of the rubber dam of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a field layout diagram of a rolling rubber dam and its anchoring system under a typical wave-current direction in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a field layout diagram of a rolling rubber dam and its anchoring system under a typical wave-current direction in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Among them: 100, main components of the rubber dam; 200, anchor body; 1. Inner shell; 2. Ear plate; 3. Axial reinforcing rib; 4. Radial reinforcing rib; 5. Rubber sleeve; 6. Protrusion; 7. Reinforcing ring; 8. Connecting bolt; 9. Connecting module; 10. Float. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0037] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0038] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0040] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0041] This invention proposes a dredging equipment for treating sediment accumulation behind wharves and on shorelines. Its core lies in using the natural hydrodynamics of waves or tides to drive a rolling rubber dam body with neutral or slightly negative buoyancy, causing it to roll back and forth within a certain range on the seabed surface. Through physical compression and disturbance, the deposited sediment is lifted up, and the suspended sediment is carried away by the water flow, thereby achieving a self-driven, large-scale dredging effect.

[0042] like Figures 9 to 10 As shown, the dredging equipment of the present invention mainly includes a rubber dam main component 100 and an anchoring system. The anchoring system mainly consists of several anchor bodies 200 (torpedo anchors) and connecting cables.

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the main component 100 of the rubber dam is in the shape of a cylindrical or near-cylindrical roller structure, with a rigid skeleton inside and a flexible wear-resistant layer on the outside.

[0044] like Figure 7 As shown, the core support structure of the main component 100 of the rubber dam is the inner shell 1; The inner shell 1 is preferably made of thin-walled stainless steel and has a hollow cylindrical shape. For ease of processing, transportation, and on-site final internal welding assembly, the inner shell 1 is preferably manufactured in two sections (e.g., ...). Figure 5 (The segmented state is shown).

[0045] Understandably, in order to improve the structural stiffness and deformation resistance of the inner shell 1 when subjected to external water pressure, rolling impact, and wave drag, a reinforcing rib structure is provided on the inner or outer wall of the inner shell 1, specifically including: Axial reinforcing ribs 3 are provided to extend along the axial direction of the inner shell 1, mainly to resist the axial bending moment generated by the uneven force at both ends of the rubber dam main component 100 during rolling.

[0046] The radial reinforcing ribs 4 extend in a ring shape along the circumference of the inner shell 1, mainly to resist the risk of circumferential instability caused by external hydrostatic pressure and seabed impact.

[0047] like Figure 7 As shown, several ear plates 2 are welded and fixed at the two ends or near the ends of the inner shell 1. The ear plate 2 has through holes for connecting anchor chains or mooring lines. Preferably, the welding position of the ear plate 2 should coincide with the reinforcing rib node of the inner shell 1 to ensure the reliability of tensile force transmission and prevent local stress concentration from tearing the inner shell wall.

[0048] like Figure 6 As shown, a rubber sleeve 5 is tightly fitted to the outside of the inner shell 1; The main material of the rubber sleeve 5 is preferably EPDM rubber, supplemented with nylon cord as a tensile reinforcement layer. The function of the rubber sleeve 5 is: Provides grip and aerodynamics: such as Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the outer surface of the rubber sleeve 5 is integrally formed with several protrusions 6. These protrusions 6 can increase the contact area and friction with the seabed sediment during rolling, prevent slippage, and enhance the disturbance and hoisting effect on the bottom sediment.

[0049] Buffer protection: The elastic properties of rubber can effectively buffer the impact load when the stainless steel inner shell 1 collides with hard objects on the seabed (such as rocks and shells), preventing the inner shell 1 from undergoing plastic deformation or damage.

[0050] Processing method description: Because the rubber sleeve 5 has complex protrusions 6 on its surface, it is preferred to use a segmented vulcanization molding process.

[0051] For example, the cylinder is divided into 12 equal fan-shaped segments along its circumference, and a set of molds with detachable protrusions is made. Each segment is vulcanized and molded individually. After demolding, nylon cords are embedded radially and axially inside each segment. Finally, using a hot-melt bonding process, pre-vulcanized rubber strips are added to the overlapping surfaces, and the segments are fused into a complete cylinder by heating and pressurizing with hot air.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in order to firmly fix the rubber sleeve 5 to the stainless steel inner shell 1 and prevent relative slippage or detachment of the two during rolling, two rows of 24 connecting bolts 8 are provided in the circumference of the rubber dam main body component 100; the bolts pass through the reserved mounting holes on the rubber sleeve 5 and are screwed into the corresponding threaded holes on the inner shell 1; by tightening the connecting bolts 8, the inner wall of the rubber sleeve 5 is tightly attached to the outer wall of the inner shell 1.

[0053] Because the main body of the rubber dam is subjected to alternating loads under wave action, and the ends are weak points, this invention adds a reinforcing ring 7 to the outer periphery of the ends of the rubber sleeve 5. For example... Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the reinforcing ring 7 is a metal ring-shaped clamp, which is fitted at both ends or in a specific position in the middle of the rubber dam main component 100 to prevent the ends of the rubber sleeve 5 from turning over or tearing.

[0054] A connecting module 9 is welded to the edge of the reinforcing ring 7. The connecting module 9 has square or round holes, which serve two purposes: Assisted towing and rescue: Combination Figure 4 To understand this, if the main component 100 of the rubber dam gets stuck in a local scour pit or shows a tendency to sink and bury itself under extreme conditions, construction workers can pass the mooring rope through the square hole of the connecting module 9 after the tide recedes and use a rubber boat or land winch to tow it to a flat seabed area for emergency recovery.

[0055] Auxiliary clamping: The lower part of the connecting module 9 is provided with fastening bolt holes, and the clamping force of the reinforcing ring 7 can be further adjusted by bolts.

[0056] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, floats 10 are installed in the internal cavity of the main component 100 of the rubber dam or at specific external connection locations. Floats 10 are typically sealed hollow pressure-resistant shells or blocks of low-density buoyancy material.

[0057] like Figure 8 As shown, the anchor body 200 used in this invention is a trapezoidal wide-tail torpedo anchor. The anchor body 200 is streamlined and projectile-shaped, with one or more pairs of trapezoidal wide tail fins at its rear. This structural design gives it the following characteristics: Gravity penetration: During construction, the anchor body 200 is simply lifted to a certain height (e.g., 5 to 10 meters) above the seabed using a crawler crane or ship crane, and then released. The anchor body 200 accelerates its descent under the influence of gravity, relying on kinetic energy to penetrate the soft soil seabed.

[0058] High pull-out resistance: After penetration, the trapezoidal wide tail fin can greatly increase the contact area with the soil, providing strong horizontal pull-out resistance and effectively resisting the mooring tension generated by the rolling of the rubber dam body and the dragging of water flow.

[0059] Combination Figure 5 To understand this, the nesting assembly process of the inner shell and the rubber sleeve is as follows: First, use a forklift or small crane to lift a section of stainless steel inner shell 1 to a horizontal suspended state. The operator manually opens one end of the rubber sleeve 5 and pushes the section of inner shell 1 into the sleeve; Subsequently, with the help of an auxiliary hydraulic jack or crane, the other section of the inner shell 1 is inserted into the rubber sleeve 5 from the other end and aligned with the end face of the first section of the inner shell 1. At the joint between the two inner shell sections 1, the operator enters the interior of the inner shell 1 and uses manual argon arc welding or stainless steel electrode arc welding to fully weld the two inner shell sections 1 together in the circumferential direction to restore its overall structural strength. After welding is completed, align the threaded hole of the inner shell 1 with the reserved hole of the rubber sleeve 5, and insert and tighten all the connecting bolts 8 in sequence; Finally, the reinforcing ring 7 is fitted onto the designated end position of the rubber sleeve 5 and locked in place by the bolts at the bottom of the connecting module 9, thus completing the rigid connection of the main structure.

[0060] Buoyancy adjustment process (neutral buoyancy adjustment): In the still water area of ​​the factory pool or harbor basin, the assembled rubber dam main component 100 is horizontally lowered into the water for immersion testing using a vehicle-mounted crane.

[0061] Observe its floating state: If the main body sinks to the bottom, add floats 10 one by one to the reserved installation positions inside the inner shell 1 until the main body reaches a neutral buoyancy state (i.e., it is suspended in the water and neither rises nor sinks) or a slightly negative buoyancy state (slowly sinks).

[0062] The main body of the rubber dam that achieves neutral buoyancy can be lifted off the bottom surface with only a small amount of wave lift, and thus easily roll under the action of horizontal thrust. This is a key prerequisite for achieving low-energy self-driven dredging.

[0063] The following is combined Figure 9 and Figure 10 Describe the on-site layout and anchoring methods: like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the installation of the anchoring system is preferably carried out when the beach is exposed at low tide.

[0064] First, based on hydrological data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results, the direction of the main wave current and the expected rolling range of the rubber dam are determined. At predetermined coordinate points inside or around this range, a 10-ton crawler crane is used to lift the torpedo anchor body 200 into the air and release it, allowing it to fall freely under gravity into the seabed mud surface, leaving only the anchor ring or mooring point exposed above the mud surface.

[0065] Positioning and connection of the main component 100 of the rubber dam: The buoyancy-adjusted main component 100 of the rubber dam is transported to the central area enclosed by the anchor body 200 via a transport ship or towing. During low tide, divers or construction workers connect one end of the anchor chain to the lug 2 of the inner shell 1 of the rubber dam, and the other end is connected to the mooring line pre-laid on the seabed via a connecting shackle. The other end of the mooring line is then connected to the anchor ring of the torpedo anchor body 200.

[0066] For the near-shore side, the ear plate 2 or connecting module 9 on the other side can be fixed to the shore anchor or wharf pile foundation by mooring rope to prevent the main body of the rubber dam from rolling away from the predetermined treatment area.

[0067] In practical applications, the working process and dredging principle of this invention are as follows: After the above structure is installed, the main rubber dam component 100 will be submerged by seawater during high tide.

[0068] Wave-driven rolling motion: When waves or currents pass by, because the main component 100 of the rubber dam is in a neutral buoyancy state and has a cylindrical shape, the water flow acting on the rubber sleeve 5 and the protrusion 6 will generate a horizontal drag force and a vertical lift / pressure difference. This keeps the main component 100 of the rubber dam within the confined area of ​​the anchor chain and cable restraint (i.e., Figure 9 and Figure 10 Within the circular or rectangular rolling envelope shown, reciprocating rolling or large-scale drifting rolling occurs along the seabed surface.

[0069] The silt disturbance and dredging process is as follows: During the scrolling process: Physical compression and sand lifting: When the heavy rubber dam body rolls, the protrusions 6 on its surface will crush and peel off the hardened mud and sand layer on the seabed surface like gears, crushing it and lifting it into the water.

[0070] Flow field disturbance: The presence of the rubber dam itself alters the near-bottom velocity distribution. The rolling cylinder forms periodic vortices on the back surface, and these vortices have a strong entrainment capacity, which can further diffuse the lifted sediment to the upper water layer.

[0071] Sand transport and discharge: The suspended sediment that is lifted up is transported away from the target dredging area by the ebb and flow of the tide or the coastal current, thus realizing the autonomous dredging function without the need for manual dredging or hydraulic flushing.

[0072] If the siltation in a local area is too severe, leading to increased rolling resistance or a tendency for the rubber dam to sink and bury itself, workers can use the auxiliary mooring rope connected to the 9 square holes of the connecting module to tow it laterally with the help of a rubber boat or land winch during high tide, forcibly changing its rolling trajectory, pulling it out of the siltation pit, and restoring its free rolling state.

[0073] Typical implementation example: like Figure 9 As shown, in areas with strong unidirectional currents or predominantly coastal currents, a four-corner anchoring arrangement can be adopted. The four torpedo anchor bodies 200 are arranged in a rectangular or rhomboid shape, and the main rubber dam component 100 rolls back and forth in the downstream direction with the rise and fall of the tide in its central area.

[0074] like Figure 10 As shown, on open beaches with varying wave incident angles, ring anchoring or multi-point mooring can be used to ensure that the main component 100 of the rubber dam can be swept in all directions within a defined area regardless of the direction of the wave current, thus maximizing the coverage of the dredging area.

[0075] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0076] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of implementation methods of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dredging equipment for treating silt accumulation behind wharves and on riverbanks, characterized in that, include: At least one flow-guiding and silt-reducing unit extends along a direction perpendicular to the water flow and has a flexible water-blocking body. The flexible water-blocking body has a retracted state that allows water flow and an expanded state that extends upward from the seabed to change the local flow field. Anchoring system includes a counterweight base placed above the seabed and a constraint assembly connecting the counterweight base and the flow diversion and silt reduction unit; The flexible water-blocking body has a force-bearing surface that varies along the height direction, and in the deployed state, the constraint component restricts the horizontal displacement of the flow-guiding and silt-reducing unit, while allowing the flow-guiding and silt-reducing unit to float vertically in response to tidal changes or water flow.

2. The dredging equipment for treating silt accumulation behind wharves and on riverbanks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow diversion and silt reduction unit also includes a rigid bottom beam or frame arranged along its extension direction, the flexible water-blocking body is connected to the rigid bottom beam or frame, and the rigid bottom beam or frame is provided with a ballast adjustment cavity for adjusting the internal buoyancy.

3. The dredging equipment for treating silt accumulation behind wharves and on riverbanks according to claim 2, characterized in that, The constraint component includes a tensioning connector with a set length. One end of the tensioning connector is connected to the counterweight base, and the other end is connected to the middle or top region of the flow guiding and silt reducing unit in the height direction, so that the flow guiding and silt reducing unit presents an oblique facing posture in the deployed state.

4. The dredging equipment for treating silt accumulation behind wharves and on riverbanks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The counterweight base is a gravity-type extended foundation prefabricated with concrete or steel materials. Its bottom area is larger than the projected area of ​​the flow diversion and silt reduction unit on the horizontal plane, and the counterweight base is embedded at a predetermined depth below the seabed mud surface.

5. The dredging equipment for treating silt accumulation behind wharves and on riverbanks according to claim 4, characterized in that, The counterweight base is provided with anti-scour skirts or anti-scour bottom protection structures extending below the seabed on the upstream side and / or downstream side.

6. The dredging equipment for treating silt accumulation behind wharves and on riverbanks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The restraint assembly includes an adjustable tension cable or chain, and the counterweight base is provided with a winch or length adjustment lock for launching and retracting the restraint assembly, so as to change the unfolding height or posture of the flexible water-blocking body by adjusting the effective length of the restraint assembly.

7. The dredging equipment for treating silt accumulation behind wharves and on riverbanks according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple flow guiding and silt reduction units arranged at intervals along the water flow direction, and flow guiding channels that change the water flow velocity gradient are formed between adjacent flow guiding and silt reduction units.

8. An anchoring method for dredging equipment used for treating siltation behind wharves and on riverbanks as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Base installation steps: Place the counterweight base on the seabed surface of the predetermined treatment area, and make at least a portion of the counterweight base sink into the seabed mud surface; Unit placement steps: Move the retracted flow guiding and silt reduction unit to the upstream or side position of the counterweight base; Constraint connection steps: Connect the counterweight base and the flow guiding and silt reduction unit using constraint components; Attitude establishment steps: Apply buoyancy to the flow guiding and silt reduction unit or change its internal ballast to change the flexible water-blocking body from the retracted state to the deployed state, and automatically adjust the force state of the constraint component with the help of the water flow drag force to form a stable upstream attitude for turbulence reduction and silt reduction.

9. The anchoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Following the attitude establishment step, a dynamic control step is also included: under tidal changes or extreme sea conditions, the top elevation of the flow guiding and silt reduction unit is adjusted by releasing or tightening the constraint components to maintain the effective water-blocking area of ​​the flexible water-blocking body in the vertical direction.

10. The anchoring method according to claim 8, characterized in that, During maintenance, a reverse recovery step is also included: releasing the internal buoyancy of the flow diversion and silt reduction unit or draining the ballast water to restore it to the retracted state, then disconnecting the constraint component from the counterweight base or the flow diversion and silt reduction unit, and towing the flow diversion and silt reduction unit away from the site for inspection or replacement.

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