Sliding hinge support for prefabricated stair and construction method

Abstract

This invention discloses a sliding hinge support and construction method for a prefabricated staircase, relating to the field of prefabricated building construction technology. It involves setting up multiple guide components, multiple infill bodies, a sliding mechanism, and a shock-absorbing mechanism, so that the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase are both supported on an external load-bearing beam. The guide components pass through sliding holes and extend into the infill space, and the top of the guide components is fixed to the prefabricated staircase by the infill bodies. The prefabricated staircase is not rigidly welded or bolted to the load-bearing beam, but rather a sliding surface composed of sliding components is provided. The prefabricated staircase can then slide horizontally with a low coefficient of friction relative to the infill components (i.e., relative to the external load-bearing beam) through the sliding medium layer in the sliding components. This relative sliding displacement releases the deformation constraints at the connection nodes, avoiding stress concentration at the nodes caused by forced displacement. The sliding stroke provided by the sliding components effectively absorbs inter-story displacement, protecting the main structure of the prefabricated staircase and the connection nodes from damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of prefabricated construction technology, and in particular to a sliding hinge support for a prefabricated staircase and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of industrialized construction, prefabricated building technology has become an important direction for the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. Prefabricated stairs, as a key component in prefabricated buildings, have been widely used in residential and public buildings due to their advantages of standardized factory production and rapid on-site assembly. From early cast-in-place stairs to today's prefabricated stairs, stair construction technology has evolved from wet operations to dry connections, and from fixed connections to adjustable connections, significantly improving construction efficiency and quality control.

[0003] Currently, the prefabricated staircase construction typically involves erecting the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase onto the load-bearing beams of the corresponding floors, and then rigidly or semi-rigidly connecting the staircase to the load-bearing beams using embedded parts, bolts, or welding to achieve fixed installation. During construction, the prefabricated staircase is generally hoisted to the installation location using hoisting equipment, and then construction workers correct the position of the staircase before finally completing the joint connections.

[0004] However, in the actual construction of prefabricated stairs, the installation of prefabricated stairs often faces multiple adverse factors such as manufacturing dimensional deviations, uneven structural settlement, and external impacts such as earthquakes. This makes it difficult for existing rigid or semi-rigid connection methods to adapt to the relative displacement between the stairs and the load-bearing beams, which can easily lead to stress concentration at the connection nodes, resulting in connection failure or even structural damage. At the same time, when subjected to external impacts, the lack of an effective shock absorption and buffer structure between the stairs and the load-bearing beams means that the impact vibration waves cannot be absorbed and dissipated in time, which not only affects structural safety but also reduces the comfort of the building. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to propose a sliding hinge support for prefabricated stairs and its construction method. This aims to address the challenges faced by prefabricated stairs during actual construction, including manufacturing dimensional deviations, uneven structural settlement, and external impacts such as earthquakes. These factors make existing rigid or semi-rigid connections ill-suited for adapting to relative displacement between the stairs and load-bearing beams, leading to stress concentration at connection points and potentially connection failure or even structural damage. Furthermore, the lack of an effective shock-absorbing structure between the stairs and load-bearing beams during impacts prevents timely absorption and dissipation of shock waves, impacting structural safety and reducing building comfort.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention proposes a sliding hinge support for a prefabricated staircase, wherein the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase are each provided with a plurality of spaced sliding holes arranged vertically, and the top of each sliding hole is provided with a filling space communicating with the sliding hole. The upper and lower ends can be supported on an external load-bearing beam, and a sliding space is formed between the upper and lower ends and the external load-bearing beam. Furthermore, a shock-absorbing space is formed between the upper and lower ends and the external load-bearing beam, located above the corresponding sliding space and communicating with the sliding space. The sliding hinge support includes: Multiple guide components are provided, all of which are pre-embedded in the external load-bearing beam. The number of guide components is the same as the number of sliding holes and they are set in a one-to-one correspondence. The top of each guide component extends vertically through the corresponding sliding hole and into the corresponding filling space. Multiple fillers, the number of which is the same as the number of guide components and they are filled one-to-one in the filling space, and the fillers cover the outer periphery of the guide components that extend into the filling space; A sliding mechanism, which fills the sliding space and through which all the guide components pass, includes a filling component and a sliding component. A sliding gap is formed between the filling component and the outer periphery of the guide components. The sliding component is located above the filling component, and its top and bottom are respectively connected to the filling component and the prefabricated staircase. The prefabricated staircase can slide relative to the filling component via the sliding component when an external force is applied. A shock-absorbing mechanism is installed within the shock-absorbing space and is connected to the sliding mechanism. The shock-absorbing mechanism can absorb the impact vibration waves generated when the prefabricated staircase slides relative to the corresponding external load-bearing beam.

[0007] In one embodiment, the sliding assembly includes a first felt layer, a graphite sliding layer, and a second felt layer stacked vertically from bottom to top. The first felt layer and the second felt layer have the same shape and size. The guide assembly passes through the first felt layer, the graphite sliding layer, and the second felt layer upwards in sequence. A sliding chamber is formed between the guide assembly and the first felt layer. The second felt layer is connected to the outer wall of the guide assembly.

[0008] In one embodiment, the first and second roofing felt layers have the same thickness, and the thickness of the first and second roofing felt layers is A, while the thickness of the graphite slip layer is B; wherein, 1.5mm≤A≤5mm, and B≤A.

[0009] In one embodiment, the filling component includes: Multiple calibration pads are stacked vertically and all calibration pads are fitted around the outer periphery of the screw. A sliding gap is formed between the calibration pads and the outer wall of the guide assembly, and all calibration pads are filled within the sliding space. A joint mortar filling material layer, the joint mortar filling material layer filling the sliding space and covering the outer periphery of all the adjustment pads, the first asphalt felt layer being located on top of the joint mortar filling material layer and the adjustment pads, and the first asphalt felt layer having the same shape and size as the joint mortar filling material layer; and, A leveling layer is provided, which fills the sliding space and is located at the outer edge of the joint mortar filling material layer, so as to seal the joint mortar filling material layer, the first asphalt layer, the graphite sliding layer and the second asphalt layer within the sliding space.

[0010] In one embodiment, the filling space is arranged to taper vertically downwards, and the bottom diameter of the filling space is larger than the diameter of the sliding hole; The guiding component includes: The guide screw has its bottom embedded in the external load-bearing beam and its top extends upward through the sliding hole and into the filling space. A gasket, wherein the gasket is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide screw, and the gasket is located at the bottom of the filling space and seals the top of the sliding hole; A first nut, which is threaded into the guide screw and abuts against the top of the washer; and, The second nut is threadedly engaged with the guide screw and abuts against the top of the first nut. The washer, the first nut, and the second nut are all located within the filling space.

[0011] In one embodiment, the filler includes: A filler block, made of cement mortar filled within the filling space, the filler block covering the outer periphery of the gasket, the first nut, and the second nut to seal the guide assembly within the filling space; and... A mortar sealing block, wherein the mortar sealing block is filled on top of the filling material block.

[0012] In one embodiment, the sliding hole is further filled with an elastic deformation block, which covers the outer periphery of the guide screw.

[0013] In one embodiment, the shock absorption mechanism includes a polystyrene board, a PE rod, and an adhesive sealing layer arranged vertically from bottom to top within the shock absorption space. The two sides of the polystyrene board, the PE rod, and the adhesive sealing layer respectively abut against the ends of the external load-bearing beam and the prefabricated staircase. The bottom of the polystyrene board abuts against the top of the graphite sliding layer, and the side of the polystyrene board facing the prefabricated staircase abuts against the second asphalt felt layer.

[0014] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present invention also proposes a construction method for a sliding hinge support of a prefabricated staircase, used for constructing the sliding hinge support of the prefabricated staircase described in the first aspect, the construction method comprising the following steps: Multiple pre-embedded holes are drilled at intervals on the existing external load-bearing beam; wherein the number of the pre-embedded holes is the same as the number of the sliding holes and they are set in a one-to-one correspondence. A filling component and a sliding component are sequentially installed on the top of the external load-bearing beam to form a sliding mechanism; wherein, the sliding mechanism forms an avoidance channel corresponding to the position of each of the pre-embedded holes; The prefabricated staircase is hoisted and installed on top of the sliding mechanism; The guide component is pre-embedded in each of the pre-embedded holes through the avoidance channels; wherein the top of the guide component is sealed between the sliding hole and the filling space; Filling slurry is poured into the filling gap to form the filling body; A damping mechanism is installed within the damping space to form the sliding hinge support.

[0015] In one embodiment, the step of sequentially embedding the guide component in each of the pre-embedded holes through each of the avoidance channels includes: A guide screw is pre-embedded in each of the pre-embedded holes through each of the aforementioned avoidance channels; Within the filling space, a washer, a first nut, and a second nut are sequentially applied to the top of the guide screw to complete the construction of the guide assembly.

[0016] In one embodiment, the step of sequentially applying a filling component and a sliding component to the top of the external load-bearing beam to form a sliding mechanism includes: A filling assembly is constructed on the top of the external load-bearing beam; wherein, the filling assembly includes an adjustment pad with a central through hole and a mortar filling material layer covering its outer periphery, the adjustment pad is used to be sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide assembly after it is pre-embedded, and a sliding gap is formed between the two; the top elevation of the mortar filling material layer is consistent with the top elevation of the adjustment pad; The sliding assembly is formed by sequentially applying a first felt layer, a graphite sliding layer, and a second felt layer on top of the filling assembly in a bottom-to-top order to form the sliding mechanism.

[0017] The technical solution of this invention, through the arrangement of multiple guide components, multiple infill bodies, a sliding mechanism, and a shock-absorbing mechanism, ensures that the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase are supported on an external load-bearing beam during use. The guide components pass through sliding holes and extend into the infill space, with the top of the guide components fixed to the prefabricated staircase by the infill bodies. Under vertical loads (such as self-weight and pedestrian loads), the load is transferred through the sliding mechanism to the infill components, then to the external load-bearing beam, and finally to the main building structure. When the structure experiences uneven settlement or encounters lateral seismic forces, relative horizontal displacement will occur between the load-bearing beams of each floor. Since the prefabricated staircase and the load-bearing beam in this application are not rigidly welded or bolted together, but rather connected by a sliding surface composed of sliding components, the prefabricated staircase can slide horizontally with a low coefficient of friction relative to the infill components (i.e., relative to the external load-bearing beam) through the sliding medium layer in the sliding components. This relative sliding displacement releases the deformation constraints at the connection nodes, avoiding stress concentration at the nodes caused by forced displacement. Compared to rigid connection methods where the nodes cannot deform, leading to concrete cracking or connector shearing, this application effectively absorbs inter-story displacement through the sliding stroke provided by the sliding component, protecting the main structure of the precast staircase and the connection nodes from damage, and solving the connection failure problem caused by manufacturing dimensional deviations and uneven structural settlement. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the sliding hinge support for a prefabricated staircase provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 An enlarged structural diagram of part A in the example; Figure 3 This is a side view of the sliding hinge support as an example of the present invention. Figure 4 for Figure 3 An enlarged structural diagram of part B in the example; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a construction method exemplified by the present invention.

[0020] Figure label: 100. Precast staircase; 110. Sliding hole; 120. Filling space; 200. External load-bearing beam; 210. Sliding space; 220. Vibration damping space; 300. Guide assembly; 400. Filler; 500. Sliding mechanism; 510. Filling assembly; 520. Sliding assembly; 530. Sliding gap; 600. Vibration damping mechanism; 521. First asphalt felt layer; 522. Graphite sliding layer; 52 3. Second asphalt felt layer; 524. Sliding chamber; 511. Adjustment pad; 512. Joint mortar filling material layer; 513. Leveling layer; 310. Guide screw; 320. Gasket; 330. First nut; 340. Second nut; 410. Filling material block; 430. Mortar sealing block; 350. Elastic deformation block; 610. Polystyrene board; 620. PE rod; 630. Adhesive sealing layer.

[0021] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0024] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0025] This invention proposes a sliding hinge support for a prefabricated staircase and a construction method thereof.

[0026] Please see Figures 1 to 5 For ease of understanding, this prefabricated staircase sliding hinge support has multiple spaced sliding holes 110 at both the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase 100, all arranged vertically. The top of each sliding hole 110 is also formed with a filling space 120 communicating with the sliding hole 110. Both the upper and lower ends can be supported on the external load-bearing beam 200. A sliding space 210 is formed between the upper and lower ends and the external load-bearing beam 200. A shock-absorbing space 220 is also formed between the upper and lower ends and the external load-bearing beam 200, located above the corresponding sliding space 210 and communicating with the sliding space 210. The sliding hinge support includes: Multiple guide components 300 are embedded in the external load-bearing beam 200. The number of guide components 300 and sliding holes 110 are the same and they are set one-to-one. The top of all guide components 300 extends vertically through the corresponding sliding hole 110 and extends into the corresponding filling space 120. Multiple fillers 400, the number of fillers 400 is the same as the number of guide components 300 and they are filled in the filling space 120 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the fillers 400 cover the outer periphery of the guide components 300 that extend into the filling space 120; A sliding mechanism 500 is provided, which is filled within a sliding space 210. All guide components 300 pass through the sliding mechanism 500. The sliding mechanism 500 includes a filling component 510 and a sliding component 520. A sliding gap 530 is formed between the filling component 510 and the outer periphery of the guide component 300. The sliding component 520 is located above the filling component 510, and its top and bottom are respectively connected to the filling component 510 and the prefabricated staircase 100. The prefabricated staircase 100 can slide relative to the filling component 510 through the sliding component 520 when an external force is applied. The shock absorption mechanism 600 is installed in the shock absorption space 220 and is connected to the sliding mechanism 500. The shock absorption mechanism 600 can absorb the impact vibration waves generated when the precast staircase 100 slides relative to the corresponding external load-bearing beam 200.

[0027] Specifically, the prefabricated staircase 100 has multiple vertically spaced sliding holes 110 at its upper and lower ends, with the top of each sliding hole 110 connected to an enlarged cross-sectional filling space 120. When the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase 100 are respectively placed on the external load-bearing beams 200 of the upper and lower floors, gaps are left between the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase 100 and the top surface of the corresponding external load-bearing beams 200, thus forming a sliding space 210. Simultaneously, a connected damping space 220 is formed above the sliding space 210. This application, by reserving the sliding space 210 and the damping space 220 between the prefabricated staircase 100 and the external load-bearing beams 200, provides physical allowance for the subsequent installation of various components and the relative displacement of the prefabricated staircase 100 under stress. To achieve the limiting and guiding functions of the prefabricated staircase 100, multiple guide components 300 are pre-embedded within the external load-bearing beam 200. The number and position of the guide components 300 correspond one-to-one with the sliding holes 110. The tops of all guide components 300 extend vertically upwards, passing sequentially through the sliding space 210 and the sliding holes 110 of the prefabricated staircase 100, and finally extending into the filling space 120. Through the cooperation between the structures, the guide components 300 can serve as positioning references during the assembly of the prefabricated staircase 100 and prevent the prefabricated staircase 100 from detaching from the external load-bearing beam 200 in the event of an external impact.

[0028] To address the stress concentration issue caused by rigid connections, infill bodies 400 are correspondingly installed within the filling space 120, completely covering the outer periphery of the guide components 300 extending into the filling space 120. During assembly, after the precast staircase 100 is hoisted into place, the top of the guide component 300 is located in the center of the filling space 120. At this time, the infill bodies 400 are filled between the guide component 300 and the inner wall of the filling space 120. The presence of the infill bodies 400 prevents the guide component 300 from directly colliding rigidly with the precast staircase 100. When the precast staircase 100 undergoes minor deformation due to manufacturing dimensional deviations or uneven structural settlement, the infill bodies 400 covering the outer periphery of the guide components 300 can adapt to the deformation, thereby absorbing manufacturing tolerances and buffering local compressive stress, effectively avoiding stress concentration at the connection joint and preventing cracking or structural damage to the concrete ends of the precast staircase 100.

[0029] The sliding mechanism 500 includes a lower filling component 510 and an upper sliding component 520. The filling component 510 is placed on the top surface of the external load-bearing beam 200, and a sliding gap 530 is provided between the filling component 510 and the outer periphery of the guide component 300 passing through it; the sliding component 520 connects the top of the filling component 510 and the bottom of the prefabricated staircase 100. When faced with external forces such as earthquakes, due to the sliding gap 530 between the filling component 510 and the guide component 300, and the low-friction sliding interface provided by the sliding component 520, the prefabricated staircase 100 can overcome static friction and slide horizontally relative to the filling component 510 (i.e., relative to the external load-bearing beam 200) through the sliding component 520. This sliding process transforms the destructive energy that was originally forcibly borne by the rigid nodes into the kinetic energy of the precast staircase 100 and the heat energy of sliding friction, releasing the huge shear force generated by the inter-story displacement, and fundamentally solving the technical problem that rigid connections in the existing technology are unable to adapt to relative displacement and thus cause connection failure.

[0030] In this embodiment, the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase 100 are both supported on the external load-bearing beam 200. The guide component 300 passes through the sliding hole 110 and extends into the filling space 120. The top of the guide component 300 is fixed to the prefabricated staircase 100 by the filling body 400. At this time, under the action of vertical loads (such as self-weight and pedestrian loads), the prefabricated staircase 100 is transferred to the filling component 510 through the sliding mechanism 500, then to the external load-bearing beam 200, and finally to the main building structure. When the structure experiences uneven settlement or encounters lateral seismic forces, relative horizontal displacement will occur between the load-bearing beams of the floors. Since the prefabricated staircase 100 and the load-bearing beam in this application are not rigidly welded or bolted, but are provided with a sliding surface composed of the sliding component 520, the prefabricated staircase 100 can slide horizontally with a low coefficient of friction relative to the filling component 510 (i.e., relative to the external load-bearing beam 200) through the sliding medium layer in the sliding component 520. This relative sliding displacement releases the deformation constraints at the connection nodes, avoiding stress concentration at the nodes caused by forced displacement. Compared to rigid connections where the nodes cannot deform, leading to concrete cracking or shearing of the connectors, this application effectively absorbs inter-story displacement through the sliding stroke provided by the sliding component 520, protecting the main structure of the precast staircase 100 and the connection nodes from damage, and solving the connection failure problem caused by manufacturing dimensional deviations and uneven structural settlement.

[0031] In one embodiment, the sliding component 520 includes a first felt layer 521, a graphite sliding layer 522, and a second felt layer 523 stacked vertically from bottom to top. The first felt layer 521 and the second felt layer 523 have the same shape and size. The guide component 300 passes through the first felt layer 521, the graphite sliding layer 522, and the second felt layer 523 in sequence. A sliding chamber 524 is formed between the guide component 300 and the first felt layer 521. The second felt layer 523 is connected to the outer wall of the guide component 300.

[0032] Specifically, the sliding component 520 adopts a three-layer composite structure arranged vertically from bottom to top: a first felt layer 521, a graphite sliding layer 522, and a second felt layer 523. The first felt layer 521 and the second felt layer 523 are identical in shape and size, allowing them to form perfectly aligned upper and lower support surfaces when stacked. This uniformly wraps and holds the middle graphite sliding layer 522, preventing edge overflow or moisture absorption failure of the graphite material under long-term stress. The first felt layer 521 and the second felt layer 523 possess excellent flexibility and moisture-proof properties, adapting not only to minor unevenness on the concrete surface at the bottom of the precast staircase 100 but also preventing external moisture from entering the sliding interface. The graphite sliding layer 522 utilizes the excellent solid lubrication properties of the layered molecular structure of graphite to create a horizontal sliding isolation surface with an extremely low coefficient of friction between the first felt layer 521 and the second felt layer 523.

[0033] During actual assembly and force-sliding implementation, the guide component 300 passes through the first asphalt felt layer 521, the graphite sliding layer 522, and the second asphalt felt layer 523 sequentially from bottom to top. Since the second asphalt felt layer 523 is directly connected and fixed to the outer wall of the guide component 300, the top-positioned second asphalt felt layer 523 remains fixed and stationary relative to the external load-bearing beam 200 in the horizontal direction. Conversely, a sliding chamber 524 is reserved and formed between the guide component 300 and the bottommost first asphalt felt layer 521; that is, the through-hole diameter of the first asphalt felt layer 521 is significantly larger than the outer diameter of the guide component 300, and an annular clearance exists between them for horizontal movement. When the prefabricated staircase 100 undergoes forced horizontal displacement due to external forces such as earthquakes or uneven settlement, the prefabricated staircase 100 slides relative to the ground, causing the lower first asphalt felt layer 521 to translate. At this point, because the sliding chamber 524 provides ample physical clearance, the first asphalt felt layer 521 can move freely in the horizontal direction without immediately causing rigid collision or interference with the fixed guide component 300. The enormous shear force generated by the displacement acts directly on the graphite sliding layer 522, forcing the first asphalt felt layer 521 to smoothly shift relative to the bottom surface of the graphite sliding layer 522. This arrangement rapidly converts the destructive energy generated when the prefabricated staircase 100 is impacted into work done by frictional resistance as it translates along the graphite sliding layer 522, allowing the impact vibration wave to be absorbed and dissipated in a timely manner. Through the layering and cooperation of the first asphalt felt layer 521, the graphite sliding layer 522 and the second asphalt felt layer 523, as well as the avoidance and reservation of the sliding chamber 524, not only is the stress concentration phenomenon caused by the obstruction of the staircase displacement effectively eliminated, and the connection failure or structural cracking damage of the prefabricated staircase 100 and the load-bearing beam is completely avoided, but the smoothness and reliability of the sliding process are also greatly guaranteed, fundamentally improving the structural safety of the prefabricated staircase 100 under complex stress conditions.

[0034] In one embodiment, the first felt layer 521 and the second felt layer 523 have the same thickness, and the thickness of the first felt layer 521 and the second felt layer 523 is A, and the thickness of the graphite slip layer 522 is B; wherein, 1.5mm≤A≤5mm, B≤A.

[0035] Specifically, the thicknesses of the first asphalt felt layer 521 and the second asphalt felt layer 523 are set to be the same, so that the vertical compression deformation of the upper and lower layers of the sliding component 520 can remain synchronous and absolutely symmetrical when subjected to vertical loads. The symmetrical thickness arrangement effectively maintains the horizontal state of the graphite sliding layer 522 sandwiched in the middle, preventing the stress surface from tilting due to the difference in thickness between the upper and lower pads, thereby ensuring the smoothness and guiding accuracy of the prefabricated staircase 100 when relative sliding occurs under force.

[0036] In actual construction, minor surface roughness and flatness errors inevitably exist on the bottom surface of the precast staircase 100 and the top surface of the external load-bearing beam 200 (i.e., the contact surface of the infill component 510). When the thickness A is greater than or equal to 1.5 mm, the first asphalt felt layer 521 and the second asphalt felt layer 523 have sufficient physical thickness and flexibility to fully fill and adapt to the unevenness of the upper and lower contact surfaces, preventing sharp stones or protrusions from directly piercing the asphalt felt layer and damaging the fragile graphite slip layer 522 in the middle. At the same time, strictly controlling the upper limit of the thickness A to within 5 mm effectively limits the cumulative amount of vertical creep that may occur in the asphalt felt layer under long-term static load.

[0037] During the sliding process under stress, although graphite material possesses excellent solid lubrication properties, its internal layered molecular structure is highly susceptible to interlayer slippage and delamination under continuous high-pressure rolling and horizontal shearing. If the thickness of the graphite slip layer 522 is greater than the thickness of the outer asphalt layer, the heavy and relatively soft graphite material is prone to lateral extrusion and loss under the heavy weight of the precast staircase 100, leading to the rapid depletion of lubricating substances at the slip interface. By setting B≤A, the first asphalt layer 521 and the second asphalt layer 523 act as the main load-bearing, buffering, and clamping medium, while the relatively thin graphite slip layer 522 is firmly constrained between the two asphalt layers, functioning as a purely low-friction isolation surface. This effectively constrains the lateral extension of the graphite material, ensuring the long-term integrity and low-friction effect of the slip surface.

[0038] In one embodiment, the filling component 510 includes: Multiple adjustment pads 511 are stacked vertically in sequence. All adjustment pads 511 are fitted around the outer periphery of the screw. A sliding gap 530 is formed between the adjustment pads 511 and the outer wall of the guide assembly 300. All adjustment pads 511 are filled in the sliding space 210. A joint mortar filling material layer 512 fills the sliding space 210 and covers the outer periphery of all the adjustment pads 511. A first asphalt felt layer 521 is located on top of the joint mortar filling material layer 512 and the adjustment pads 511, and the first asphalt felt layer 521 has the same shape and size as the joint mortar filling material layer 512; and, The leveling layer 513 fills the sliding space 210 and is located at the outer edge of the joint mortar filling material layer 512, so as to seal the joint mortar filling material layer 512, the first asphalt felt layer 521, the graphite sliding layer 522 and the second asphalt felt layer 523 in the sliding space 210.

[0039] Specifically, by stacking multiple adjustment pads 511 vertically along the outer periphery of the screw, construction personnel can flexibly increase or decrease the number of adjustment pads 511 according to the measured gap size on site, thereby accurately compensating for structural elevation errors and ensuring the absolute levelness and overall stress posture of the prefabricated staircase 100 after installation. Simultaneously, due to the sliding gap 530 between the adjustment pads 511 and the screw, when the prefabricated staircase 100 is subjected to external forces such as seismic waves that cause the sliding component 520 to move horizontally, the adjustment pads 511 will not exert rigid compression or collision on the internal screw, providing sufficient physical misalignment allowance for node sliding and effectively preventing shear yielding or breakage of the guide component 300.

[0040] After the elevation adjustment and temporary support of the bottom of the precast staircase 100 are completed using the adjustment pads 511, the joint mortar filling material layer 512 is filled into the sliding space 210 and completely covers the outer periphery of all the adjustment pads 511. Since the individually stacked adjustment pads 511 can only provide local point-like force support, this can easily lead to stress concentration in the upper structure. After curing, the joint mortar filling material layer 512 can fill the gaps around the adjustment pads 511, and together with the adjustment pads 511, it can form a wide, solid and continuously stressed bearing surface on the top surface of the external load-bearing beam 200. Based on the aforementioned features, the first asphalt felt layer 521 is laid flat on top of the joint mortar filling material layer 512 and the adjustment pads 511, and the outer contour of the first asphalt felt layer 521 is completely consistent with the shape and size of the joint mortar filling material layer 512. This ensures that the entire bottom surface of the first asphalt layer 521 is uniformly supported, preventing the first asphalt layer 521 from collapsing or breaking due to the bottom being suspended or uneven when subjected to heavy pressure. This, in turn, ensures that the graphite sliding layer 522 above it can always maintain a flat and continuous low-friction state, greatly improving the smoothness of the sliding hinge support operation.

[0041] The leveling layer 513 fills the outermost part of the sliding space 210, and is located at the outer edge of the joint mortar filling material layer 512. From the outside, it completely seals and encloses the joint mortar filling material layer 512, the first asphalt felt layer 521, the graphite sliding layer 522, and the second asphalt felt layer 523 within the sliding space 210. During the long-term service of the building structure, the joints of the staircases are highly susceptible to external rainwater infiltration, dust intrusion, or corrosion from chemical gases. The leveling layer 513 constructs a continuous annular closed barrier outside the sliding space 210, effectively blocking the penetration path of external environmental factors into the internal core components. In particular, it prevents moisture from entering the graphite sliding layer 522, which could lead to deterioration and failure of lubrication performance, or hard sand and gravel particles from becoming stuck in the sliding interface, causing a sharp increase in frictional resistance or even jamming. By sealing the leveling layer 513, the service life of the sliding hinge support was significantly extended, and the assembly joint between the staircase and the load-bearing beam was effectively smoothed, improving the regularity of the building's appearance.

[0042] In one embodiment, the filling space 120 is provided to taper downwards vertically, and the bottom diameter of the filling space 120 is larger than the diameter of the sliding hole 110. The guide component 300 includes: The bottom of the guide screw 310 is embedded in the external load-bearing beam 200, and the top of the guide screw 310 extends upward through the sliding hole 110 and into the filling space 120. Gasket 320 is sleeved on the outer periphery of guide screw 310, and gasket 320 is located at the bottom of filling space 120 and seals the top of sliding hole 110; The first nut 330 is threadedly engaged with the guide screw 310 and abuts against the top of the washer 320; and, The second nut 340 is threadedly engaged with the guide screw 310 and abuts against the top of the first nut 330. The washer 320, the first nut 330 and the second nut 340 are all located within the filling space 120.

[0043] Specifically, the filling space 120 is designed to taper vertically downwards, forming an open cavity that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. During the process of hoisting the precast staircase 100 at the construction site and injecting the aforementioned filler 400 (such as grout or flexible colloid) into the filling space 120, this tapering shape effectively guides the injection material downwards, accelerating the filling speed and automatically squeezing out internal air, preventing the formation of voids and air bubbles within the filler 400, thus ensuring a dense encapsulation effect of the filler 400 on the internal components. Simultaneously, the bottom diameter of the filling space 120 is larger than the diameter of the sliding hole 110, creating an annular supporting step surface at the junction of the bottom surface of the filling space 120 and the top surface of the sliding hole 110. This supporting step surface provides a physical support point for the subsequent installation of components.

[0044] As a core component for shear and tensile resistance, the guide screw 310 is firmly embedded at its bottom within the external load-bearing beam 200, and its top extends upwards through the aforementioned sliding assembly 520 and sliding hole 110, ultimately protruding into the filling space 120. Based on this, a gasket 320 is fitted around the outer periphery of the guide screw 310 and directly rests on the annular support step surface formed by the difference in diameter between the filling space 120 and the sliding hole 110. This provides the gasket 320 with downward physical support and also tightly seals the top opening of the sliding hole 110. When liquid filler 400 is poured into the filling space 120, the gasket 320 plays a crucial isolating baffle role, blocking the path of material leakage downwards along the sliding hole 110, preventing slurry leakage from contaminating or even locking the graphite sliding layer 522 and other sliding components 520 located below the sliding hole 110.

[0045] After the gasket 320 is installed, the first nut 330 and the second nut 340 are screwed onto the top of the guide screw 310 in sequence. The first nut 330, after being screwed in, presses firmly downwards against the top of the gasket 320, securely pressing the gasket 320 against the annular support step surface of the precast staircase 100. The second nut 340 is then screwed in and tightly pressed against the top of the first nut 330. The double-nut locking mechanism formed by the first nut 330 and the second nut 340 greatly increases the frictional resistance of the threaded surface by utilizing the opposing compression deformation between the nuts. When the precast staircase 100 is subjected to strong seismic waves or long-term exposure to minor high-frequency vibrations from pedestrians, the double-nut mechanism can completely prevent the fasteners from coming loose. Meanwhile, the limiting block composed of nuts and washers 320 is entirely within the filling space 120 and is completely enclosed by the cured filler 400. This not only protects it from external environmental corrosion but also limits the upward displacement of the precast staircase 100 under the throwing effect of external forces. This eliminates the catastrophic risk of the precast staircase 100 detaching from the external load-bearing beam 200 under extreme stress conditions and ensures the safety of the connection node.

[0046] In one embodiment, the filler 400 includes: A filler block 410, made of cement mortar and filled into the filling space 120, covers the outer periphery of the gasket 320, the first nut 330, and the second nut 340 to seal the guide assembly 300 within the filling space 120; and... Mortar sealing block 430 fills the top of filling material block 410.

[0047] Specifically, inside the filling space 120 of the precast staircase 100, the top of the guide screw 310 has been mechanically fastened and abutted against each other by the gasket 320, the first nut 330, and the second nut 340, thereby limiting the upward displacement of the precast staircase 100 under stress. In the actual construction and assembly process, the filling material block 410 is formed by pouring fluidized cement mortar into the filling space 120 and then curing it. Because the cement mortar has good fluidity and permeability in its liquid state, it can flow downwards along the tapering inner wall of the filling space 120, fully filling all the tiny gaps around the gasket 320, the threaded engagement of the nut, and the outer side of the guide screw 310. After the cement mortar has completely hardened to form a solid filling material block 410, it completely covers and tightly seals the gasket 320, the first nut 330, and the second nut 340 inside the filling space 120. This arrangement isolates the metal guide components 300 from external oxygen and moisture, effectively preventing oxidation and rust. Simultaneously, the filler block 410 forms a solid force-transmitting medium between the guide screw 310 assembly and the concrete hole wall of the precast staircase 100. When the precast staircase 100 experiences severe vibration, the localized stress concentration between the metal components and the hole wall can be evenly distributed to the surrounding staircase structure through the filler block 410, preventing loosening of fasteners or localized crushing and damage to the concrete hole wall due to long-term reciprocating impacts.

[0048] After the filling material block 410 is poured and initially cured, the mortar sealing block 430 is further filled and compacted directly above the filling material block 410. Since the internal filling material block 410 inevitably experiences slight surface settlement during hydration and solidification, or its surface may not be perfectly smooth at the end of pouring, and its primary function is to densely enclose internal components rather than withstand external foot friction, directly exposing it would affect the regularity and safety of the precast staircase 100 surface. The mortar sealing block 430 effectively compensates for this problem, creating a solid and smooth protective surface at the top opening of the filling space 120. The mortar sealing block 430 not only precisely levels the filling space 120 with the external treads or platform of the precast staircase 100, eliminating ground depressions caused by pre-drilled holes and preventing pedestrians from tripping, but also forms a second dense physical protective barrier on the top surface, blocking the seepage path of sewage during daily cleaning.

[0049] In one embodiment, the sliding hole 110 is further filled with an elastic deformation block 350, which covers the outer periphery of the guide screw 310.

[0050] Specifically, during actual implementation of external force conditions such as seismic wave impact or severe wind vibration, the precast staircase 100 will overcome friction and generate horizontal displacement under the smooth guidance of the sliding component 520. At this time, the rigid concrete inner wall of the sliding hole 110 will move inward, causing the original annular gap to shrink eccentrically, and attempting to impact the relatively stationary guide screw 310 inside. Since the elastic deformation block 350 fills the space between the two and covers the outside of the guide screw 310, when the concrete hole wall shifts, it will first come into contact with and be squeezed by the outer elastic deformation block 350. Due to its flexible material properties, the elastic deformation block 350 undergoes compliant elastic compression deformation when subjected to impact from rigid interfaces on both sides. This absorbs and dissipates the enormous lateral impact kinetic energy generated by the horizontal sliding of the precast staircase 100, transforming the originally highly destructive rigid collision into a gentle buffer and shock absorption. This completely avoids the plastic yielding or even breakage of the guide screw 310 caused by the instantaneous huge horizontal shear force, and also prevents the engineering hazard of local concrete crushing and spalling due to concentrated stress on the wall of the precast staircase 100 hole. In addition, after the lateral external force is attenuated or eliminated, the elastic deformation block 350, in a compressed state, can expand and rebound outward with its internally stored elastic recovery potential energy, pushing against the wall of the sliding hole 110 in the opposite direction, thereby assisting the precast staircase 100, which has deviated from its original position, in automatically centering and repositioning itself to a certain extent. At the same time, the elastic deformation block 350 is tightly filled in the sliding hole 110, which also completely blocks the possibility of external small gravel, construction dust and other impurities falling and getting stuck in the gap, ensuring that the node can maintain smooth anti-vibration sliding function for a long time.

[0051] In one embodiment, the shock absorption mechanism 600 includes a polystyrene board 610, a PE rod 620, and an adhesive sealing layer 630 arranged vertically from bottom to top in the shock absorption space 220. The two sides of the polystyrene board 610, the PE rod 620, and the adhesive sealing layer 630 respectively abut against the ends of the external load-bearing beam 200 and the prefabricated staircase 100. The bottom of the polystyrene board 610 abuts against the top of the graphite sliding layer 522, and the side of the polystyrene board 610 facing the prefabricated staircase 100 abuts against the second asphalt felt layer 523.

[0052] Specifically, when the prefabricated staircase 100 undergoes horizontal displacement guided by the sliding component 520 at the bottom, its end is highly susceptible to violent rigid collision with the external load-bearing beam 200. To address the aforementioned technical issues such as collision and environmental erosion, this application arranges polystyrene board 610, PE rod 620, and adhesive sealing layer 630 sequentially from bottom to top within the vibration damping space 220. In actual implementation, the polystyrene board 610, as the core energy-absorbing filler at the bottom, is pre-filled and compacted at the bottom of the vibration damping space 220. Its bottom directly supports and abuts against the top of the aforementioned graphite sliding layer 522, while the end face of the polystyrene board 610 facing the inside of the prefabricated staircase 100 is tightly attached to and abuts against the aforementioned second asphalt felt layer 523. The left and right sides of the polystyrene board 610 are respectively squeezed and abutted against the side wall of the external load-bearing beam 200 and the end of the prefabricated staircase 100. Through seamless assembly, the polystyrene board 610 not only completely fills the dead-angle gaps below the end of the precast staircase 100, blocking the path for debris above to slide down and touch the sliding surface of the bottom layer, but also plays a buffering role by utilizing its extremely low elastic modulus and high compressibility. When the precast staircase 100 shifts laterally toward the external load-bearing beam 200 under the action of seismic waves or strong wind vibration, the polystyrene board 610 will undergo a large volume compression deformation under the impact of the rigid concrete end faces on both sides, thereby converting the huge kinetic energy of the staircase's translation into the strain energy of the internal pore deformation, flexibly dissipating the extremely destructive lateral impact, thus protecting the end of the precast staircase 100 from being crushed and broken.

[0053] Above the polystyrene board 610, a PE rod 620 is inserted and secured within the damping space 220, with its sides also abutting and pressing against the ends of the external load-bearing beam 200 and the precast staircase 100. During the on-site sealing process, the PE rod 620 effectively acts as a flow-blocking barrier. Since the sealant poured later is in a fluid state before curing, the abutting and securing action of the PE rod 620 effectively limits the depth of the sealant's application, preventing uncontrolled leakage of liquid sealant into the gap between the polystyrene board 610 and the concrete, thus avoiding material loss and waste.

[0054] Next, the adhesive sealing layer 630 is extruded and injected directly above the PE rod 620 until it fills the gap and is flush with the top surface of the load-bearing beam and the precast staircase 100. After curing, the two sides of the adhesive sealing layer 630 are tightly bonded to the concrete end faces of the external load-bearing beam 200 and the precast staircase 100. The adhesive sealing layer 630 forms a highly elastic physical barrier on the outer surface. Regardless of whether the precast staircase 100 expands and contracts under alternating ambient temperatures or undergoes repeated translational displacement under stress, the adhesive sealing layer 630 can stretch or compress and deform with changes in the width of the gap without breaking. This prevents external rainwater, cleaning water, and mud and sand particles from penetrating deep into the shock-absorbing space 220 from the top, ensuring that the bottom graphite sliding layer 522 is always in a dry and clean environment, eliminating the hidden danger of locking failure of the sliding hinge support due to moisture rust or sand and gravel blockage.

[0055] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present invention also proposes a construction method for a sliding hinge support of a prefabricated staircase 100, used for constructing the sliding hinge support of the prefabricated staircase 100 described in the first aspect, the construction method comprising the following steps: S100. Drill multiple pre-embedded holes spaced apart on the existing external load-bearing beam; wherein the number of the pre-embedded holes is the same as the number of the sliding holes and they are set in a one-to-one correspondence. S200. A filling component and a sliding component are sequentially installed on the top of the external load-bearing beam to form a sliding mechanism; wherein, the sliding mechanism forms an avoidance channel corresponding to the position of each of the pre-embedded holes; S300. The prefabricated staircase is hoisted and installed on the top of the sliding mechanism; S400. The guide component is pre-embedded in each of the pre-embedded holes through the avoidance channels; wherein the top of the guide component is sealed between the sliding hole and the filling space. S500: Fill the filling gap with filling slurry to form the filling body; S600. A damping mechanism is installed within the damping space to form the sliding hinge support.

[0056] Specifically, in traditional prefabricated staircase construction, if the guide anchors are fixed inside the load-bearing beam below in advance, it becomes extremely difficult for crane operators to simultaneously and accurately fit the multiple small holes at the bottom of the staircase into the multiple protruding metal guides when hoisting the prefabricated staircase weighing several tons. This process is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also highly susceptible to violent collisions between the concrete hole walls and the metal components due to slight deviations in hole positioning, causing localized damage to the prefabricated components or even forcing re-hoisting and rework. To completely solve the aforementioned technical problem of extremely difficult assembly alignment, this application provides a post-installation method.

[0057] In the specific implementation process, on-site personnel first drilled multiple pre-embedded holes at intervals on the top of the existing external load-bearing beam, according to the predetermined drawing dimensions. Since the number and spatial location of these pre-embedded holes correspond exactly to the sliding holes that came pre-installed on the prefabricated staircase, this provided accurate space for the subsequent anchoring components to settle and accommodate. Subsequently, filling components and sliding components (such as the first layer of asphalt felt and the graphite sliding layer) were sequentially laid on the top of the load-bearing external load-bearing beam, stacking the various layers to form a sliding mechanism specifically designed to bear and distribute the vertical load. During the installation of this sliding mechanism, a clearance channel penetrating the material layers needed to be simultaneously reserved or cut directly above each corresponding pre-embedded hole to ensure that the openings of the pre-embedded holes below were not obstructed or covered.

[0058] After the base support is constructed, heavy lifting equipment moves and hoists the prefabricated staircase horizontally, then slowly and smoothly lowers it onto the top surface of the sliding mechanism. During this process, since there are no protruding obstacles above the external load-bearing beam, the large flat surface of the prefabricated staircase's bottom can fit seamlessly against and press firmly onto the sliding surface, completely eliminating the tedious process of drilling and positioning, making the hoisting and placement extremely smooth. Once the prefabricated staircase is precisely positioned, the sliding hole penetrating it forms a vertically open working corridor with the lower clearance passage and pre-embedded holes along the vertical direction of gravity. Next, the operators move to the corresponding filling space above the prefabricated staircase and smoothly insert the guide components (including the aforementioned guide screws) vertically downwards through the holes, ensuring their bottom ends are deeply inserted and anchored inside the pre-embedded holes of the external load-bearing beam. Subsequently, the top fasteners of the guide assembly (such as the pad, the first nut, and the second nut) are tightened, and the wide outer diameter of the pad is used to firmly lock and seal it at the junction of the top of the sliding hole and the supporting step of the filling space.

[0059] After the guide components are pre-embedded and secured, the operator immediately pours liquid filling grout continuously into the open filling gap (i.e., filling space) above the precast staircase. Under its own weight, the grout flows downwards along the tapered inner wall and is completely blocked by the bottom plate, thus gradually accumulating within the filling space, climbing upwards, and fully filling the tiny gaps at the threaded engagement points. Once the grout has completely hydrated, cured, and solidified, a hard and dense filling material is formed.

[0060] Finally, a damping mechanism is installed within the pre-reserved space between the vertical end of the precast staircase and the side wall of the adjacent external load-bearing beam. Operators sequentially and deeply embed and compact the aforementioned polystyrene boards into the bottom of the gaps, then insert PE rods for flow control, and apply an adhesive sealing layer to the surface of the joint. This step completes the flexible physical filling of the staircase joint gaps and the elastic waterproof sealing of the external surface. At this point, the entire sliding hinge support is complete, giving the joint a comprehensive technical effect of smooth sliding, lateral buffering, and durable weather resistance.

[0061] In one embodiment, step S400 of pre-embedding the guide component sequentially in each of the pre-embedded holes via each of the avoidance channels includes: S410. A guide screw is pre-embedded in each of the pre-embedded holes through each of the aforementioned avoidance channels; S420. Within the filling space, a washer, a first nut, and a second nut are sequentially applied to the top of the guide screw to complete the construction of the guide assembly.

[0062] In one embodiment, step S200 includes: S210. A filling assembly is installed on the top of the external load-bearing beam; wherein, the filling assembly includes an adjustment pad with a central through hole and a mortar filling material layer covering its outer periphery, the adjustment pad is used to be sleeved on its outer periphery after the guide assembly is pre-embedded, and a sliding gap is formed between the two; the top elevation of the mortar filling material layer is consistent with the top elevation of the adjustment pad; S220. The sliding assembly is formed by sequentially applying a first felt layer, a graphite sliding layer, and a second felt layer on top of the filling assembly in a bottom-to-top order to form the sliding mechanism.

[0063] Specifically, before installing the sliding components, the first step is to install a filling component on top of the external load-bearing beam to achieve high-precision base leveling. In practice, the workers first accurately place a leveling pad on the outer area of ​​the pre-embedded hole corresponding to the guide component (such as the guide screw to be inserted later). Because the leveling pad has a factory-preset fixed thickness and a center clearance hole for the guide component to pass through smoothly, its stable placement directly establishes the absolute reference height of the entire sliding support surface. Next, the workers evenly pour and apply a layer of fluid mortar around the leveling pad, completely covering its outer area and filling all pits and gaps on the top of the external load-bearing beam. Before the mortar initially sets, the workers use the hard top surface of the leveling pad as a leveling guide to scrape away excess mortar, forcing the final top elevation of the mortar filling layer to be absolutely flush with the top elevation of the leveling pad. After the mortar has fully hydrated and hardened, it forms a continuous, extremely flat, and highly compressive-strength rigid support platform. This process, after filling and raising the platform, precisely reserves a sliding gap of uniform thickness between the top of the load-bearing beam and the bottom of the prefabricated staircase to be hoisted into place.

[0064] After completing the high-precision leveling of the filling components, the construction workers proceeded to layer the sliding components on the smooth top surface. Following a strict bottom-up sequence, the first layer of asphalt felt was laid flat and tightly adhered to the cured joint mortar and leveling pad, effectively isolating the underlying substrate from moisture and preventing efflorescence from the concrete from eroding the upper sliding material. Next, a graphite sliding layer was laid on top of the first asphalt felt layer. Utilizing the excellent interlayer cleavage properties and extremely low solid friction coefficient of graphite, a core low-resistance sliding interface was constructed within the entire sliding mechanism. Finally, a second layer of asphalt felt was laid on top of the graphite sliding layer, serving as an isolation layer that directly contacts the rough concrete bottom of the precast staircase to be lowered. These three layers were stacked together to create a precisely thick sliding component, its overall thickness perfectly filling the aforementioned pre-reserved sliding gap, thus completing the construction of the entire sliding mechanism. When the building structure encounters external vibration force, the second asphalt layer moves synchronously with the bottom surface of the prefabricated staircase and slides smoothly relative to the first asphalt layer at the bottom under the guidance of the low resistance of the graphite sliding layer, so as to flexibly dissolve the huge horizontal displacement kinetic energy and completely eliminate the hidden danger of rigid fracture failure at the end of the staircase due to force locking.

[0065] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the technical concept of the present invention and the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sliding hinge support for a prefabricated staircase, characterized in that, The prefabricated staircase has multiple vertically spaced sliding holes at its upper and lower ends. A filling space communicating with the sliding hole is formed at the top of the sliding hole. Both the upper and lower ends can be supported on an external load-bearing beam. A sliding space is formed between the upper and lower ends and the external load-bearing beam. A shock-absorbing space is also formed between the upper and lower ends and the external load-bearing beam, located above the corresponding sliding space and communicating with the sliding space. The sliding hinge support includes: Multiple guide components are provided, all of which are pre-embedded in the external load-bearing beam. The number of guide components is the same as the number of sliding holes and they are set in a one-to-one correspondence. The top of each guide component extends vertically through the corresponding sliding hole and into the corresponding filling space. Multiple fillers, the number of which is the same as the number of guide components and they are filled one-to-one in the filling space, and the fillers cover the outer periphery of the guide components that extend into the filling space; A sliding mechanism, which fills the sliding space and through which all the guide components pass, includes a filling component and a sliding component. A sliding gap is formed between the filling component and the outer periphery of the guide components. The sliding component is located above the filling component, and its top and bottom are respectively connected to the filling component and the prefabricated staircase. The prefabricated staircase can slide relative to the filling component via the sliding component when an external force is applied. A shock-absorbing mechanism is installed within the shock-absorbing space and is connected to the sliding mechanism. The shock-absorbing mechanism can absorb the impact vibration waves generated when the prefabricated staircase slides relative to the corresponding external load-bearing beam.

2. The sliding hinge support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding assembly includes a first oil felt layer, a graphite sliding layer, and a second oil felt layer stacked vertically from bottom to top. The first oil felt layer and the second oil felt layer have the same shape and size. The guide assembly passes through the first oil felt layer, the graphite sliding layer, and the second oil felt layer in sequence. A sliding chamber is formed between the guide assembly and the first oil felt layer. The second oil felt layer is connected to the outer wall of the guide assembly.

3. The sliding hinge support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first and second roofing felt layers have the same thickness, and the thickness of the first and second roofing felt layers is A, while the thickness of the graphite slip layer is B; wherein, 1.5mm≤A≤5mm, and B≤A.

4. The sliding hinge support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The filling component includes: Multiple calibration pads are stacked vertically and all calibration pads are fitted around the outer periphery of the screw. A sliding gap is formed between the calibration pads and the outer wall of the guide assembly, and all calibration pads are filled within the sliding space. A joint mortar filling material layer, the joint mortar filling material layer filling the sliding space and covering the outer periphery of all the adjustment pads, the first asphalt felt layer being located on top of the joint mortar filling material layer and the adjustment pads, and the first asphalt felt layer having the same shape and size as the joint mortar filling material layer; and, A leveling layer is provided, which fills the sliding space and is located at the outer edge of the joint mortar filling material layer, so as to seal the joint mortar filling material layer, the first asphalt layer, the graphite sliding layer and the second asphalt layer within the sliding space.

5. The sliding hinge support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The filling space is set to gradually decrease vertically downwards, and the bottom diameter of the filling space is larger than the diameter of the sliding hole; The guiding component includes: The guide screw has its bottom embedded in the external load-bearing beam and its top extends upward through the sliding hole and into the filling space. A gasket, wherein the gasket is sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide screw, and the gasket is located at the bottom of the filling space and seals the top of the sliding hole; A first nut, which is threaded into the guide screw and abuts against the top of the washer; and, The second nut is threadedly engaged with the guide screw and abuts against the top of the first nut. The washer, the first nut, and the second nut are all located within the filling space.

6. The sliding hinge support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The filler includes: A filler block, made of cement mortar filled within the filling space, the filler block covering the outer periphery of the gasket, the first nut, and the second nut to seal the guide assembly within the filling space; and... A mortar sealing block, wherein the mortar sealing block is filled on top of the filling material block.

7. The sliding hinge support for a prefabricated staircase as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The sliding hole is also filled with an elastic deformation block, which covers the outer periphery of the guide screw.

8. The sliding hinge support for the prefabricated staircase as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The shock absorption mechanism includes a polystyrene board, a PE rod, and an adhesive sealing layer arranged vertically from bottom to top within the shock absorption space. The two sides of the polystyrene board, the PE rod, and the adhesive sealing layer respectively abut against the ends of the external load-bearing beam and the prefabricated staircase. The bottom of the polystyrene board abuts against the top of the graphite sliding layer, and the side of the polystyrene board facing the prefabricated staircase abuts against the second asphalt felt layer.

9. A construction method for a sliding hinge support of a precast staircase, characterized in that, The method for constructing a sliding hinge support for a precast staircase as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 includes the following steps: Multiple pre-embedded holes are drilled at intervals on the existing external load-bearing beam; wherein the number of the pre-embedded holes is the same as the number of the sliding holes and they are set in a one-to-one correspondence. A filling component and a sliding component are sequentially installed on the top of the external load-bearing beam to form a sliding mechanism; wherein, the sliding mechanism forms an avoidance channel corresponding to the position of each of the pre-embedded holes; The prefabricated staircase is hoisted and installed on top of the sliding mechanism; The guide component is pre-embedded in each of the pre-embedded holes through the avoidance channels; wherein the top of the guide component is sealed between the sliding hole and the filling space; Filling slurry is poured into the filling gap to form the filling body; A damping mechanism is installed within the damping space to form the sliding hinge support.

10. The construction method of the sliding hinge support for the precast staircase as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The step of pre-embedding the guide component sequentially in each of the pre-embedded holes through each of the avoidance channels includes: A guide screw is pre-embedded in each of the pre-embedded holes through each of the aforementioned avoidance channels; Within the filling space, a washer, a first nut, and a second nut are sequentially applied to the top of the guide screw to complete the construction of the guide assembly; and / or, The step of sequentially installing a filling component and a sliding component on top of the external load-bearing beam to form a sliding mechanism includes: A filling assembly is constructed on the top of the external load-bearing beam; wherein, the filling assembly includes an adjustment pad with a central through hole and a mortar filling material layer covering its outer periphery, the adjustment pad is used to be sleeved on the outer periphery of the guide assembly after it is pre-embedded, and a sliding gap is formed between the two; the top elevation of the mortar filling material layer is consistent with the top elevation of the adjustment pad; The sliding assembly is formed by sequentially applying a first felt layer, a graphite sliding layer, and a second felt layer on top of the filling assembly in a bottom-to-top order to form the sliding mechanism.

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