A wall hole waterproof joint for thin layer in-situ repair and a construction method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to a waterproof joint for wall openings used in thin-layer in-situ repair and its construction method. The joint includes a felt mesh layer and an adhesive layer located on the outer side of the wall with the opening. The inner wall of the opening is coated with a waterproof mortar layer, which extends to cover the outer surface of the wall surrounding the opening. A waterproof coating layer is applied to the surface of the waterproof mortar layer. The felt mesh layer has clearance holes corresponding to the opening, connecting to the opening. The adhesive layer includes a first adhesive layer located between the outer wall and the felt mesh layer, and a second adhesive layer located on the side of the felt mesh layer facing away from the wall. At least a portion of the second adhesive layer extends into the opening through the clearance holes, covering the waterproof coating layer on the inner wall of the opening. This invention creates a three-layer waterproof cover on the inner wall of the opening: a waterproof mortar layer, a waterproof coating layer, and a second adhesive layer. It also utilizes the materials of the thin-layer in-situ repair system itself to achieve continuous waterproofing across the opening, improving the reliability and long-term durability of the waterproofing at the joint.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building wall repair technology, and in particular to a waterproof joint for thin-layer in-situ repair of wall openings and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] In the renovation and upgrading of exterior walls in old residential communities, the external wall insulation system often suffers from problems such as aging of the insulation layer, surface cracking, and localized detachment due to long-term use. To extend the service life of existing external insulation systems and restore or improve the waterproof performance of exterior walls, the industry has proposed various repair and reinforcement techniques for old external wall insulation. Among them, the thin-layer in-situ repair technique is widely used because it eliminates the need for large-scale demolition of the original wall surface compared to traditional renovation techniques, allows for the direct application of a new composite repair layer to the outside of the original wall, and significantly reduces construction costs and time. The composite repair layer used in this technique is typically a multi-layered structure containing fiber-reinforced materials and adhesive layers, which is applied over the original wall surface to form a new composite exterior wall system.

[0003] However, old exterior walls inevitably have various small openings. Common types of openings include through-wall holes for air conditioning refrigerant pipes, equipment installation holes, holes formed by damage or defects in the original wall surface, and pre-reserved holes for construction. When thin-layer in-situ repair is applied to these openings, the waterproofing effect at the openings is not as good as that of the main wall surface. After a certain number of years of use, leakage is likely to occur at and around the openings, which may affect the overall repair effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a waterproof joint for thin-layer in-situ repair of wall openings and its construction method, so as to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a waterproof joint for thin-layer in-situ repair of wall openings, comprising a felt mesh layer and an adhesive layer disposed on the outer side of a wall having an opening, wherein the inner wall of the opening is coated with a waterproof mortar layer, the waterproof mortar layer extends to cover the outer surface of the wall surrounding the opening, and the surface of the waterproof mortar layer is coated with a waterproof coating layer; wherein the felt mesh layer is provided with a clearance hole corresponding to the opening, the adhesive layer comprises a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer, the first adhesive layer being located between the outer side of the wall and the felt mesh layer, the second adhesive layer being located on the side of the felt mesh layer away from the wall, and at least a portion of the second adhesive layer extending into the opening through the clearance hole and covering the waterproof coating layer on the inner wall of the opening.

[0006] Secondly, the present invention also provides a construction method for waterproof joints of wall openings for thin-layer in-situ repair, used for constructing waterproof joints of wall openings as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: S1, removing debris from the opening; S2, applying waterproof mortar to the inner wall of the opening, so that the waterproof mortar extends to cover the outer surface of the wall surrounding the opening, forming a waterproof mortar layer; S3, after the waterproof mortar layer has solidified, applying waterproof coating to the surface of the waterproof mortar layer, forming a waterproof coating layer covering the waterproof mortar layer; S4, constructing a first adhesive layer on the outer side of the wall; S5, laying a felt mesh layer on the outer side of the first adhesive layer, and opening a clearance hole in the felt mesh layer corresponding to the opening, communicating with the opening; S6, constructing a second adhesive layer on the side of the felt mesh layer away from the wall, and extending at least a portion of the second adhesive layer into the opening through the clearance hole, covering the waterproof coating layer inside the opening.

[0007] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention:

[0008] The waterproof joint for wall openings in thin-layer in-situ repair provided by this invention involves applying a waterproof mortar layer to the inner wall of the opening, extending it to cover the outer surface of the wall surrounding the opening, and then applying a waterproof coating layer on top. This creates a distinct and complementary double-layer base waterproofing system between the inner wall of the opening and the surrounding wall. A continuous, uninterrupted coverage is formed at the corner where the waterproofing is prone to failure, ensuring that the waterproofing level at the opening is no lower than that of the main wall surface. By setting avoidance holes in the felt mesh layer corresponding to the opening, and allowing at least a portion of the second adhesive layer to extend into the opening through these holes to cover the waterproof coating layer on the inner wall of the opening, the outermost second adhesive layer of the thin-layer in-situ repair system and the base waterproofing at the opening form a continuous, uninterrupted waterproof coverage across the opening. Thus, the inner wall of the opening actually has three layers of waterproof coverage: a waterproof mortar layer, a waterproof coating layer, and a second adhesive layer. If any layer has a local defect, the other two layers can still perform their waterproofing function, ensuring the overall waterproofing of the joint. The water tolerance is significantly improved. Simultaneously, when the second adhesive layer is inserted into the opening through the avoidance hole, it simultaneously covers and seals the exposed ends of the first adhesive layer and the felt mesh layer around the avoidance hole, preventing the composite repair layer from lifting or peeling off at the opening edge and improving the long-term durability of the node edge. Furthermore, all material layers of this node directly reuse the felt mesh layer and adhesive layer of the thin-layer in-situ repair system and work collaboratively with the base waterproofing, eliminating the need for additional sealing materials incompatible with the external insulation repair system. This avoids compatibility issues between different material interfaces, achieving overall synergy between the node structure and the external insulation repair system. Moreover, this node structure is not strictly dependent on the shape, size, or objects inserted into the opening. By on-site cutting of the felt mesh layer's avoidance hole and on-site application of the second adhesive layer, it can adapt to various wall opening shapes, demonstrating good versatility for various wall opening scenarios. This comprehensively improves the node treatment quality and long-term waterproofing reliability of the thin-layer in-situ repair process at wall opening locations. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the wall cross-section structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the wall facade provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a waterproof node provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the construction method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0015] In the diagram: 1-Original exterior wall paint finish, 2-Drilling and grouting, 3-Interface agent, 4-First layer of waterproof felt adhesive, 5-Crack-resistant felt, 6-Nail and anchor reinforcement, 7-Second layer of waterproof felt adhesive, 8-Intermediate coating leveling, 9-New paint finish, 10-Wall, 11-Opening, 20-Waterproof mortar layer, 30-Waterproof paint layer, 40-First adhesive layer, 50-Felt mesh layer, 51-Avoidance hole, 60-Second adhesive layer. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0018] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0019] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0020] See Figure 1 The wall cross section shown and Figure 3The three-dimensional schematic diagram of the waterproof node shown in this embodiment provides a waterproof node 11 for thin-layer in-situ repair of wall openings. The waterproof joint includes a felt mesh layer 50 and an adhesive layer disposed on the outside of a wall 10 having an opening 11; the inner wall of the opening 11 is coated with a waterproof mortar layer 20, the waterproof mortar layer 20 extends to cover the outer surface of the wall 10 surrounding the opening 11, and the surface of the waterproof mortar layer 20 is coated with a waterproof coating layer 30; wherein, the felt mesh layer 50 is provided with a clearance hole 51 corresponding to the opening 11, communicating with the opening 11; the adhesive layer includes a first adhesive layer 40 and a second adhesive layer 60, the first adhesive layer 40 is located between the outer side of the wall 10 and the felt mesh layer 50, the second adhesive layer 60 is located on the side of the felt mesh layer 50 away from the wall 10, at least a portion of the second adhesive layer 60 extends into the opening 11 through the clearance hole 51, and covers the waterproof coating layer 30 on the inner wall of the opening 11.

[0021] In the above-mentioned nodes, the thin-layer in-situ repair is a repair process for the external wall insulation structure of old residential buildings that does not destroy the original structure. See also Figure 2 The thin-layer in-situ repair system shown has the following overall structure: from the original exterior wall coating 1, it is layered outwards with several structural layers and local reinforcement procedures / measures, including drilling and grouting 2, interface agent 3, first layer of waterproof felt adhesive 4, crack-resistant felt 5, nail and anchor reinforcement 6, second layer of waterproof felt adhesive 7, intermediate coating leveling 8, and new coating 9. The first layer of waterproof felt adhesive 4, crack-resistant felt 5, and second layer of waterproof felt adhesive 7 together constitute a felt-adhesive composite layer, which is the location of the felt mesh layer 50 and the adhesive layer in this embodiment. Specifically, in this embodiment, the felt mesh layer 50 corresponds to... Figure 2 The anti-crack felt 5 in the middle, the adhesive layer corresponds to Figure 2 The first layer of waterproof felt adhesive 4 and the second layer of waterproof felt adhesive 7 are used in the process. The wall opening 11 refers to an opening 11 that is opened on the wall 10 and spans the thickness direction of the wall 10, such as a through hole for an air conditioning refrigerant pipe, an equipment installation hole, a hole formed by damage or defects in the original wall surface, a construction reserved hole, etc. It can be a through opening 11 that runs through the inside and outside of the wall 10, or it can be a blind hole that only opens to one side of the wall 10; the shape of the opening 11 can be circular, square or other irregular shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0022] The construction method for this waterproof joint includes the following steps, such as: Figure 4 As shown.

[0023] S1. Remove debris from the opening 11.

[0024] The construction workers cleaned each of the wall openings 11 to be repaired. Specifically, they first removed dust, loose mortar particles, peeling paint debris, and other debris adhering to the inner wall of the opening 11 and the surrounding wall surface using manual or mechanical methods. Then, they blew and swept the inner wall of the opening 11 to ensure that both the inner wall of the opening 11 and the outer surface of the surrounding wall 10 were clean. After this treatment, the inner wall of the opening 11 and the surrounding wall surface can form a reliable bond with the waterproof mortar applied in the next step, avoiding potential problems such as mortar layer hollowing and peeling due to loose dust in the base layer.

[0025] S2. Apply waterproof mortar to the inner wall of the opening 11, so that the waterproof mortar extends to cover the outer surface of the wall 10 around the opening 11, forming a waterproof mortar layer 20.

[0026] After cleaning the opening 11, the construction workers apply waterproof mortar to the entire inner wall of the opening 11 using methods such as smearing and scraping, extending the application continuously to the perimeter of the opening 11 and covering a certain width of annular area on the outer wall of the opening 11. This ultimately forms the waterproof mortar layer 20 on both the inner wall and the surrounding walls of the opening 11. The waterproof mortar refers to cement-based mortar with waterproofing properties, such as cement-based waterproof mortar or polymer cement waterproof mortar; this embodiment does not limit the specific type. The waterproof mortar layer 20 provides a smooth and stable base for the subsequent waterproof coating layer 30 and the second adhesive layer 60 to reliably cover the inner wall of the opening 11. Simultaneously, because the waterproof mortar layer 20 continues to extend outwards and cover a certain width on the outer wall of the opening 11, the annular covering band formed on the outer surface of the wall, together with the subsequently applied waterproof coating layer 30, constitutes the extension of the base waterproofing at the opening 11 on the outer wall of the opening 11. This extended portion forms the overlap area between the base waterproofing and the thin-layer in-situ repair system felt-adhesive composite layer in engineering. Directly supported by this area is the first adhesive layer 40 applied subsequently (S4). The extended base waterproofing portion provides a dense adhesion substrate for the first adhesive layer 40 around the opening 11, creating a tight interface between the first adhesive layer 40 and the base waterproofing, and also providing the entire felt-adhesive composite layer with a certain width of anchorage around the opening 11. Based on this, the extended base waterproofing portion overlaps with the felt-adhesive composite layer covering it, thus ensuring the felt-adhesive composite layer... If minor defects develop at the edge of the opening 11 due to stress concentration or external erosion, the infiltrated water will be blocked by the extended part of the waterproof base layer, preventing it from seeping laterally into the interior of the wall 10 along the interlayer interface. At the same time, this extended part also provides support for the required coverage width of the outer perimeter of the opening 11 when the second adhesive layer 60 is turned into the opening 11 through the avoidance hole 51 in the subsequent S6. The second adhesive layer 60 can be turned into the avoidance hole 51 after the outer perimeter wall of the opening 11 has sufficient width, thereby stably forming a continuous adhesive film from the outer perimeter wall of the opening 11 through the avoidance hole 51 to the inner wall of the opening 11.

[0027] S3. After the waterproof mortar layer 20 has solidified, a waterproof coating is applied to the surface of the waterproof mortar layer 20 to form a waterproof coating layer 30 covering the waterproof mortar layer 20.

[0028] Construction workers must first wait for the waterproof mortar layer 20 formed by S2 to solidify and for its surface to have sufficient strength to withstand the coating operation before applying the waterproof coating to the entire surface of the waterproof mortar layer 20, including the portion located on the inner wall of the opening 11 and the extended portion located on the surrounding wall of the opening 11. The waterproof coating is a coating-type waterproof material used to form a dense waterproof membrane on the surface of the waterproof mortar layer 20, such as polymer cement-based two-component waterproof coating, polyurethane film waterproof coating, acrylic film waterproof coating, etc. After the waterproof coating layer 30 forms a film, it can further densify the base waterproofing and cover any small pores that may exist on the surface of the waterproof mortar layer 20. Together with the waterproof mortar layer 20, it constitutes a double-layer base waterproofing at the opening 11. The bottom waterproof mortar layer 20 is responsible for sealing, leveling, and providing basic waterproofing, while the top waterproof coating layer 30 is responsible for forming a dense film and providing the main base waterproofing function. The two layers are clearly defined and complementary in function.

[0029] S4. Apply the first adhesive layer 40 to the outside of the wall 10.

[0030] After the base waterproofing work at opening 11 is completed, the construction workers begin applying the felt-adhesive composite layer of the thin-layer in-situ repair system. The first adhesive layer 40 serves as the primer, applied by the workers to the entire area to be repaired on the outside of the wall 10, including the annular area around opening 11 already coated with the waterproof coating layer 30. During this step, the first adhesive layer 40 does not penetrate the interior space of opening 11. The adhesive can be a waterproof felt adhesive, waterproof bonding agent, polymer emulsion adhesive, or other adhesive with both bonding and waterproofing functions. After the first adhesive layer 40 is applied, a continuous adhesive base layer is formed on the outside of the wall 10, along with the waterproof coating layer 30 around opening 11, serving as the adhesion substrate for the subsequent felt mesh layer 50.

[0031] S5. A felt mesh layer 50 is laid on the outside of the first adhesive layer 40, and an avoidance hole 51 is made in the felt mesh layer 50 at the position corresponding to the opening 11 to connect to the opening 11.

[0032] Next, while the first adhesive layer 40 is still in an adhesive state, the construction workers lay the felt mesh layer 50 on the outer surface of the first adhesive layer 40 and apply appropriate compaction to ensure it is fully embedded in the first adhesive layer 40. The felt mesh layer 50 refers to a fibrous flexible surface material with crack-resistant reinforcement, laid in the thin-layer in-situ repair system. For example, it can be crack-resistant felt 5, mesh fabric, fiberglass mesh, polyester mesh fabric, etc. In this section, the felt mesh layer 50 is... Figure 2The crack-resistant felt 5 located at this position represents the same physical layer in two different labeling systems. During or before installation, the construction worker cuts a suitable through-hole on the felt layer 50 according to the shape and size of the wall opening 11. This through-hole, after the felt layer 50 is installed, aligns perfectly with the opening 11 and connects to the space of the opening 11. This through-hole is the clearance hole 51. The purpose of setting the clearance hole 51 is to prevent the space of the opening 11 from being blocked by the felt layer 50, thus preserving a working channel for the second adhesive layer 60 to extend into the opening 11 in the next process.

[0033] S6. Apply a second adhesive layer 60 to the side of the felt layer 50 away from the wall 10, and extend at least a portion of the second adhesive layer 60 into the opening 11 through the clearance hole 51 to cover the waterproof coating layer 30 inside the opening 11.

[0034] Finally, the construction workers apply the adhesive to the surface of the felt mesh layer 50 facing away from the wall 10 to form a second adhesive layer 60, which serves as the top adhesive for the thin-layer in-situ repair system felt adhesive composite layer. The second adhesive layer 60 further seals the felt mesh layer 50 between the first adhesive layer 40 and the second adhesive layer 60, forming a three-layer sandwich felt adhesive composite layer from the inside out: "first adhesive layer 40—felt mesh layer 50—second adhesive layer 60". Simultaneously, at the opening 11, the construction workers continuously apply the adhesive into the clearance hole 51, allowing at least a portion of the second adhesive layer 60 to extend into the opening 11 through the clearance hole 51 to the inner wall of the opening 11, covering the waterproof coating layer 30 formed in S3 located on the inner wall of the opening 11. Specifically, an adhesive roller can be used to apply the adhesive inside the opening 11, forming a continuous adhesive film of the second adhesive layer 60 on the inner wall of the opening 11. In this way, the second adhesive layer 60 adheres and overlaps with the waterproof coating layer 30 on the inner wall of the opening 11, and works in conjunction with the overlap formed by the second adhesive layer 60 covering the extended portion of the waterproof coating layer 30 on the wall surface. Together, they form two continuous overlap strips inside and outside the opening, allowing the outermost second adhesive layer 60 of the thin-layer in-situ repair system to form a continuous and uninterrupted waterproof cover across the opening 11 with the base waterproofing at the opening 11. At this point, the waterproofing node construction at the wall opening 11 is complete.

[0035] At the corner where the inner wall of opening 11 meets the wall surface, a point where waterproofing is prone to failure, the base waterproofing, composed of the waterproof mortar layer 20 and the waterproof coating layer 30, extends from the inner wall of opening 11 to cover the outer surface of the surrounding wall 10. The base waterproofing itself forms a continuous, internal and external coverage at the corner of opening 11. Furthermore, the second adhesive layer 60 of the thin-layer in-situ repair system extends into opening 11 through the avoidance holes 51 of the felt mesh layer 50, covering the waterproof coating layer 30 on the inner wall of opening 11. The outermost waterproof layer of the outer repair system overlaps with the base waterproofing on both the inner wall and the surrounding wall surface of opening 11, ensuring continuous waterproofing across opening 11 on both the inner and outer sides. Based on this, the inner wall of opening 11 is actually covered by three layers of waterproofing: the waterproof mortar layer 20, the waterproof coating layer 30, and the second adhesive layer 60. If any layer experiences a local defect, the other two layers can still fulfill their waterproofing function, significantly improving the overall waterproofing tolerance of the joint. Meanwhile, since all material layers of this node directly reuse the felt mesh layer 50 and adhesive layer of the thin-layer in-situ repair system and work together with the base waterproofing, there is no need to introduce additional leak-sealing materials that are incompatible with the external insulation repair system, thus avoiding compatibility issues between different material interfaces. The node structure and the external insulation repair system achieve overall synergy. Furthermore, given that the above node structure does not strictly depend on the shape, size, or objects inserted into the opening 11, various wall openings 11 can be adapted by on-site cutting of the avoidance holes in the felt mesh layer 50 and on-site application of the second adhesive layer 60. This node has good versatility for various wall opening 11 scenarios.

[0036] It should be further noted that several details in the above scheme can be flexibly adjusted without departing from the core structure of this embodiment, and are applicable to all embodiments described in this specification. Firstly, the layering order of the layers around the opening 11 on the outer surface of the wall is as follows: from the inside to the outside of the wall 10, the layers are: waterproof mortar layer 20, waterproof coating layer 30, first adhesive layer 40, felt mesh layer 50, and second adhesive layer 60; while on the inner wall of the opening 11, from the outside to the inside of the inner wall of the opening 11, the layers are: waterproof mortar layer 20, waterproof coating layer 30, and second adhesive layer 60; the first adhesive layer 40 and the felt mesh layer 50 do not enter the inner wall of the opening 11 at the position of the opening 11 due to the presence of the avoidance hole 51, and only extend to the perimeter of the opening 11. Secondly, the wall opening 11 can be a through-hole 11 that penetrates the wall 10, or it can be a blind hole that does not penetrate. When the opening 11 is through and a pipe, cable, or other object passes through it, the shape and size of the clearance hole 51 on the felt mesh layer 50 should be compatible with the overall outer contour of the object and the opening 11, so that the felt adhesive composite layer can still form effective adhesion and coverage to the outer periphery of the object. Thirdly, when there are multiple openings 11 on the wall, the above-mentioned nodes can be applied independently to each opening 11. The nodes of each opening 11 do not affect each other, and the thin-layer in-situ repair system continues to cover the large wall 10. Only clearance holes 51 and extensions of the second adhesive layer 60 are set locally at the location of each opening 11. Fourth, the construction sequence of steps S1 to S6 can be reasonably adjusted during project implementation. For example, the waterproofing treatment of the base layer of opening 11 in steps S1 to S3 can be coordinated and arranged with the thin-layer in-situ repair construction of the large wall 10. However, the layering order between each step should remain unchanged to ensure that the layering relationship of the final node structure conforms to the above description.

[0037] In this embodiment, the waterproof coating layer 30 is a polymer cement-based two-component waterproof coating layer. Accordingly, in the construction method of this node, the waterproof coating applied by S3 is a polymer cement-based two-component waterproof coating.

[0038] The polymer-cement-based two-component waterproof coating, also commonly referred to as JS waterproof coating in engineering, consists of two separately packaged components: a water-based polymer emulsion and a cement-based powder. During construction, these components are mixed as required and then applied to the substrate to be waterproofed. In this embodiment, a polymer-cement-based two-component waterproof coating is chosen as the material for the waterproof coating layer 30, primarily based on its good compatibility with adjacent layers in this node. Furthermore, because the polymer-cement-based two-component waterproof coating combines the flexibility and adhesion properties of organic polymers with the strength and weather resistance of inorganic cement hydration products, the resulting waterproof membrane possesses both the ability to withstand slight deformations of the wall 10 without cracking and the weather resistance and durability required for long-term exposure to the external environment of the wall.

[0039] Due to the aforementioned material compatibility, the waterproof joint formed in this embodiment has more reliable interlayer adhesion at the opening 11. During long-term use, even if the wall 10 undergoes minor deformation due to changes in temperature and humidity, the waterproof coating layer 30 is less likely to experience interface peeling with its adjacent layers due to cumulative deformation.

[0040] In this embodiment, the polymer cement-based two-component waterproof coating is formed by mixing liquid and powder to form a film, wherein the liquid includes acrylic emulsion and ethylene-vinyl acetate, and the powder includes cement-based powder; in the construction method of this node, S3 coating the waterproof coating specifically includes mixing the liquid and the powder and then coating it on the surface of the waterproof mortar layer 20.

[0041] The liquid material is an aqueous polymer emulsion system. The acrylate emulsion is a high-molecular-weight emulsion obtained by emulsion polymerization of acrylate monomers, providing good film-forming continuity, adhesion to the substrate, and a certain degree of flexibility in the coating. Ethylene-vinyl acetate is a high-molecular-weight polymer obtained by copolymerizing ethylene monomers and vinyl acetate monomers, possessing good ductility and wettability to cement-based materials, which helps the liquid material uniformly coat each cement particle after mixing with the powder. The powder is mainly composed of cement-based powder, i.e., based on ordinary Portland cement or other types of cement, and fillers, active mineral admixtures, additives, etc., can be added as needed to adjust workability. The cement components in the powder, after mixing with the liquid material, can undergo a hydration reaction with the water and some active components contained in the liquid material to generate cement hydration products such as hydrated calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide.

[0042] During construction, the workers first mix the liquid and powder in a certain proportion, stirring until uniform to form a coatable slurry. This slurry is then applied to the surface of the waterproof mortar layer 20 formed by S2. During the film-forming process after coating, the aqueous polymer emulsion in the liquid gradually loses water to form a continuous polymer film. Simultaneously, the cement component in the powder undergoes a hydration reaction with water to form cement hydration products. Because these reactions occur simultaneously and are intertwined, the resulting polymer film and cement hydration products are microscopically interpenetrating and interlocked, ultimately forming an organic-inorganic interpenetrating network structure on the surface of the waterproof mortar layer 20, composed of both organic polymer phases and inorganic hydration phases.

[0043] Based on the aforementioned film-forming mechanism of the organic-inorganic interpenetrating network, the waterproof coating layer 30 formed in this embodiment possesses both significant flexibility and durability. Because the organic polymer phase composed of acrylate and ethylene-vinyl acetate exists continuously within the membrane, the membrane exhibits excellent adaptability to micro-deformations of the wall 10, maintaining its integrity without cracking despite minute dimensional changes caused by variations in wall temperature and humidity. Simultaneously, due to the interlocking of the inorganic and organic phases composed of cement hydration products, there are no loose organic or inorganic phase regions within the membrane. Water molecules struggle to find continuous permeation channels along a single phase region, resulting in significantly superior impermeability and long-term durability compared to pure organic waterproof membranes.

[0044] In this embodiment, the waterproof coating layer 30 is formed by two layers of waterproof coating applied in a superimposed manner along the thickness direction; correspondingly, in the construction method of this node, S3 applying the waterproof coating specifically includes applying at least two layers of the waterproof coating in sequence along the thickness direction.

[0045] The two layers of waterproof coating refer to the application of waterproof coating to the same substrate in two separate applications, one after the other. The first layer forms the substrate for the next layer, and the second layer is superimposed on the surface of the first layer. The two layers are stacked together in the thickness direction to form the waterproof coating layer 30. During construction, the workers first apply the waterproof coating to form the first layer, which covers the entire surface of the waterproof mortar layer 20, including the portion located on the inner wall of the opening 11 and the extension portion on the surrounding wall of the opening 11. After the first layer is strong enough to withstand subsequent coating operations, the workers apply the waterproof coating again to form the second layer, which is superimposed on the entire surface of the first layer, ultimately forming the waterproof coating layer 30 composed of the two layers on the surface of the waterproof mortar layer 20.

[0046] The reason for using two layers of waterproof coating along the thickness direction, rather than applying a single, thicker layer, is to improve the integrity of the membrane and the reliability of the waterproofing. During the application and film formation process, any single layer of coating may develop minute pinholes or air bubbles due to local unevenness of the substrate, inconsistent brushing direction, or air entrainment. When two layers are applied, any pinholes or air bubbles present in the first layer can be filled and covered by the newly applied coating during the second layer, thus ensuring that the final waterproof coating layer 30 does not have any through-water seepage channels.

[0047] Therefore, the waterproof coating layer 30 formed in this embodiment has higher continuity and thickness margin in the inner wall of the opening 11 and the extended part of the wall around the opening 11, and the reliability of the base waterproofing at the opening 11 is further enhanced.

[0048] In this embodiment, the waterproof mortar layer 20 covers the outer surface of the wall 10 by extending at least 8 cm outward from the edge of the opening 11. The remaining structures and construction actions of this embodiment can be found in the relevant descriptions of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0049] The phrase "extending at least 8 cm outward from the edge of the opening 11" means that, starting from the contour edge formed by the opening 11 on the outer surface of the wall 10, the waterproof mortar layer 20 covers the outer surface of the wall 10 in a ring with a width of not less than 8 cm along the outer periphery of the opening 11. In some embodiments, this coverage width can be approximately 10 cm to provide a more ample margin for extension. During construction, when performing the S2 action of applying waterproof mortar, the construction worker continuously applies the mortar from the inner wall of the opening 11 to the edge of the opening 11, and then extends the application outward along the outer periphery of the opening 11 until a ring-shaped covering band with the width required above is formed on the outer surface of the wall 10, and then stops applying the mortar.

[0050] After the at least 8cm annular covering strip is coated with waterproof paint in S3, it, together with the waterproof paint layer 30 above it, constitutes the extension of the base waterproofing on the outer wall of the opening 11. Above this extension, a first adhesive layer 40, a felt mesh layer 50, and a second adhesive layer 60 are sequentially laid, thus forming a layered structure where the base waterproofing extension and the felt-adhesive composite layer overlap on the outer wall of the opening 11. This at least 8cm width firstly provides a dense adhesion base for the first adhesive layer 40, which is subsequently coated in S4, on the outer perimeter of the opening 11, and gives the entire felt-adhesive composite layer a certain width of anchorage around the opening 11. The wider the anchorage, the larger the bonding area between the felt-adhesive composite layer and the underlying base waterproofing extension. The risk of the felt-adhesive composite layer arching at the corner of the opening 11 is distributed over a wider annular strip, and the overall stability of the thin-layer in-situ repair system at the edge of the opening 11 is correspondingly strengthened. Meanwhile, the extended portion of the base waterproofing and the felt-rubber composite layer covering it form a vertical overlap, and the effective width of this overlap is directly determined by the extension width of the base waterproofing. During long-term use, even if the felt-rubber composite layer develops minor defects at the edge of the opening 11 due to stress concentration, temperature change, or external erosion, allowing external moisture to seep in along the interlayer interface, as long as the extension width of the base waterproofing is sufficient, the seeping moisture will still be blocked outside the base waterproofing by the extension portion, which is at least 8cm wide, and will not be able to continue to seep laterally into the interior of the wall 10 along the interlayer interface. Furthermore, when the second adhesive layer 60 is turned into the opening 11 through the clearance hole 51 in S6, it needs to have a certain continuous coverage width on the outer perimeter wall of the opening 11 before it can stably form a continuous adhesive film from the outer perimeter wall of the opening 11 through the clearance hole 51 to the inner wall of the opening 11. This width of at least 8cm also provides a basis for the coverage path of the second adhesive layer 60 on the perimeter of the opening 11, so that the wrapping and sealing action of the second adhesive layer 60 on the exposed end of the first adhesive layer 40 and the felt mesh layer 50 around the clearance hole 51 can be reliably completed around the clearance hole 51 where there are both inside and outside corners.

[0051] Therefore, this embodiment clarifies the lower limit of the extension width of the base waterproofing on the outer perimeter of the opening 11, ensuring that the anchorage width of the node, the width of the stepped overlap area, and the required outer coverage width of the second adhesive layer 60 for sealing the edge all receive common dimensional support. The triple action of sealing, anchoring, and redundant waterproofing at the node provides a stable engineering foundation for this key overlapping area on the outer perimeter of the opening 11. In engineering practice, whether the avoidance hole 51 is cut too large, the second adhesive layer 60 is insufficiently extended, the irregular outline of the opening 11 leads to uneven local coverage width, or there are minor defects in the felt-adhesive composite layer at the edge of the opening 11, as long as the extension width of the base waterproofing meets this minimum requirement, the sealing coverage, bonding anchoring, and stepped overlap at the node can remain effective. The overall tolerance of the node to construction errors and long-term aging is thus significantly improved.

[0052] In this embodiment, in S6 of the construction method for this node, at least a portion of the second adhesive layer 60 extends into the opening 11 via the clearance hole 51, specifically including rolling the second adhesive layer 60 into the opening 11 at least twice.

[0053] The phrase "applying the second adhesive layer 60 to the inside of the opening 11 at least twice" means that when performing action S6, after the construction worker has applied the second adhesive layer 60 to the side of the felt layer 50 away from the wall 10, the adhesive is then applied by roller through the avoidance hole 51 to continue covering the inside of the opening 11. The covered section is applied by roller in two or more layers, so that a continuous adhesive film composed of at least two layers of roller coating is finally formed at the opening 11. During construction, workers can use an adhesive roller to apply the first coat of adhesive starting from the outer wall of the opening 11 around the clearance hole 51, extending it along the clearance hole 51 and into the inner wall of the opening 11. This creates a preliminary coverage of the second adhesive layer 60 within a continuous section from the outer wall of the opening 11 around the clearance hole 51 to the inner wall of the opening 11. Once the adhesive film formed by the first coat is strong enough to withstand subsequent coating operations, a second coat is applied along the same construction path in the same or alternating direction as the first coat. This second coat overlaps the first coat, ultimately forming a continuous adhesive film at the opening 11 composed of at least two coats. The tools used are not limited to adhesive rollers; other coating tools suitable for the space of the opening 11 can also be used. This embodiment does not limit the specific tools used.

[0054] The reason for designing the second adhesive layer 60 in the above-mentioned construction section to be applied in at least two overlapping coats is to address the uneven coverage caused by the relatively narrow and difficult-to-operate construction space at the opening 11. This unevenness will affect the triple functions of sealing, anchoring, and redundant waterproofing undertaken by the second adhesive layer 60 at the joint. Compared to the open construction space on the outer surface of the wall 10, the construction surface of the inner wall of the opening 11 is narrower in the axial direction, closed in the circumferential direction, and often has both internal and external corners. The outer wall surface of the opening 11 around the avoidance hole 51 is also a transitional section that is not easy to cover evenly with large-area tools because it is close to the edge of the opening 11. Whether it is the inner wall of the opening 11 or the outer wall surface of the opening 11 around the avoidance hole 51, a single coat of adhesive is very likely to result in local thin film, uneven adhesive accumulation at internal corners, and discontinuous coverage. When using at least two overlapping roller coats, any defects that may exist in the first coat, such as insufficient coverage in certain areas or inadequate coverage in corners, can be filled and covered by the adhesive applied in the second coat. This results in a second adhesive layer (60mm film) with higher coverage integrity in that area. Furthermore, because the application direction and technique can be adjusted in the second coat, it allows for the coverage of pinholes and air bubbles that may exist in the first coat, further eliminating potential water seepage channels.

[0055] Therefore, the second adhesive layer 60 formed in this embodiment has significantly better coverage integrity than a single-coat solution in the continuous section of the outer perimeter wall of the opening 11, the perimeter of the avoidance hole 51, and the inner wall of the opening 11. This improved coverage integrity is directly reflected in the triple function undertaken by the second adhesive layer 60 at this location. The two-coat overlapping process makes the film thickness of the adhesive layer 40 and the felt layer 50 at the exposed end around the avoidance hole 51 more uniform and the continuity more reliable. Even if there are local defects such as uneven adhesive accumulation at the corners in the first coat, the second coat can still make the sealing film densely filled at the corners, and the covered exposed end will not lift and be exposed due to local thinness of the sealing film. Building upon this, the two overlapping roller coatings further thicken the adhesive film between the second adhesive layer 60 and the waterproof coating layer 30 on the inner wall of the opening 11, resulting in a wider adhesion area. This enhances the bonding and anchoring strength of the felt-adhesive composite layer at the edge of the opening 11, further reducing the risk of arching at the corners of the opening 11. The increased thickness of the second adhesive layer 60 on the inner wall of the opening 11, formed by the overlapping roller coatings, also enhances the reliability of this film as the outermost redundant covering layer in the multi-layered waterproofing of the inner wall of the opening 11, enabling it to perform its waterproofing function independently. Given that the second adhesive layer 60 on the outer perimeter of the opening 11, the perimeter of the avoidance hole 51, and the inner wall of the opening 11 is the key part of the thin-layer in-situ repair system to achieve the triple synergy of sealing, anchoring, and redundant waterproofing across the opening 11, the integrity of the adhesive film coverage at this location directly affects the overall waterproofing reliability of the node. In this embodiment, at least two layers of overlapping roller coating reduce the impact of accidental factors in a single operation on the construction quality of this key part, and further improve the stability of the triple effect of sealing, anchoring, and redundant waterproofing of the node.

[0056] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A waterproof joint for thin-layer in-situ repair of wall openings, characterized in that, The device includes a felt mesh layer and an adhesive layer disposed on the outer side of a wall with an opening. The inner wall of the opening is coated with a waterproof mortar layer, which extends to cover the outer surface of the wall surrounding the opening. The surface of the waterproof mortar layer is coated with a waterproof paint layer. The felt mesh layer has a clearance hole corresponding to the opening, which communicates with the opening. The adhesive layer includes a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer. The first adhesive layer is located between the outer side of the wall and the felt mesh layer, and the second adhesive layer is located on the side of the felt mesh layer away from the wall. At least a portion of the second adhesive layer extends into the opening through the clearance hole and covers the waterproof paint layer on the inner wall of the opening.

2. The waterproof joint for wall openings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof coating layer is a polymer cement-based two-component waterproof coating layer.

3. The waterproof joint for wall openings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The polymer cement-based two-component waterproof coating layer is formed by mixing liquid and powder to form a film. The liquid includes acrylic emulsion and ethylene-vinyl acetate, and the powder includes cement-based powder.

4. The waterproof joint for wall openings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof coating layer is formed by two layers of waterproof coating applied in a superimposed manner along the thickness direction.

5. The waterproof joint for wall openings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof mortar layer covers the outer surface of the wall, extending at least 8 cm outward from the edge of the opening.

6. A construction method for waterproof joints of wall openings used for thin-layer in-situ repair, for constructing waterproof joints of wall openings as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Remove debris from the opening; S2. Apply waterproof mortar to the inner wall of the opening, so that the waterproof mortar extends to cover the outer surface of the wall around the opening, forming a waterproof mortar layer; S3. After the waterproof mortar layer has solidified, a waterproof coating is applied to the surface of the waterproof mortar layer to form a waterproof coating layer covering the waterproof mortar layer. S4. Apply the first adhesive layer to the outside of the wall. S5. Lay a felt mesh layer on the outside of the first adhesive layer, and open a clearance hole in the felt mesh layer corresponding to the opening to connect with the opening; S6. Apply a second adhesive layer to the side of the felt layer away from the wall, and extend at least a portion of the second adhesive layer into the opening through the clearance hole to cover the waterproof coating layer inside the opening.

7. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The waterproof coating is a polymer cement-based two-component waterproof coating.

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The polymer cement-based two-component waterproof coating includes a liquid and a powder. The liquid includes an acrylic emulsion and ethylene-vinyl acetate, and the powder includes a cement-based powder. Applying the waterproof coating to the surface of the waterproof mortar layer includes mixing the liquid and the powder and then applying the mixture to the surface of the waterproof mortar layer.

9. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The waterproof coating is applied in at least two coats along the thickness direction.

10. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that, At least a portion of the second adhesive layer extends into the opening through the clearance hole, including rolling the second adhesive layer into the opening at least twice.

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