A new combined rock breaking device of hard rock microwave-drilling tool

Abstract

This invention discloses a novel combined microwave-drilling device for hard rock, belonging to the field of rock breaking technology. It includes a ground control system and a microwave generator. One end of the ground control system is connected to the microwave generator; a power box is connected to the bottom of the microwave generator, and a rock-breaking motor is installed inside the power box. The drilling tool of this invention consists of a pre-drilling small drill bit and a reaming large drill bit. The pre-drilling small drill bit acts as a pilot tool, drilling a guide hole on the rock surface through high-speed rotation. Simultaneously, it utilizes the local high stress concentration effect of its cutting edge to pre-damage the rock mass surrounding the hole wall, forming a micro-crack network, significantly reducing the integrity and strength of the rock mass. The reaming large drill bit efficiently enlarges the drilling cross-section of the weakened rock mass. Through the synergistic effect of mechanical fracturing and microwave thermal assistance, the drilling cross-section is rapidly enlarged, while reducing energy loss and tool wear during pure mechanical drilling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock breaking device technology, and in particular to a novel combined microwave-drilling device for hard rock. Background Technology

[0002] As underground engineering, mining, and deep resource exploration continue to advance towards greater burial depths, higher ground stress, and stronger rock formations, traditional mechanical drilling and rock-breaking technologies face bottlenecks such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, and rapid tool failure in hard and extremely hard rock conditions. Especially in high-strength rock masses such as granite, basalt, and dense sandstone, conventional drill bits primarily rely on shearing, compression, and impact methods for fracturing. This not only significantly increases energy consumption per unit depth but also leads to severe wear and short lifespan of drill bit teeth, resulting in frequent tool replacements and significantly reducing construction efficiency and increasing project costs. On the other hand, with the continuous development of microwave heating technology in materials processing, industrial heating, and rock physics, research shows that microwaves acting on rocks can induce differences in dielectric loss among mineral components within a short time, leading to significant temperature rise and thermal stress concentration effects. When the temperature gradient and thermal stress exceed the tensile strength of the rock, microcracks will be induced and propagated, macroscopically manifesting as a decrease in rock mechanical strength, increased brittleness, and reduced fracture toughness. Therefore, microwave treatment is considered a "softening-weakening" auxiliary method with potential engineering applications, and can be used as a pretreatment or synergistic treatment technology before mechanical rock breaking.

[0003] In existing technologies, microwaves are mainly used for overall or localized heating of rock samples in the form of ground experiments or independent heating devices, with a low degree of integration with engineering drilling tools. Although some solutions propose introducing microwave radiation structures into the drill bit, they generally suffer from problems such as low microwave coupling efficiency, unstable energy transmission, difficulties in heat dissipation and sealing, and the inability to achieve continuous microwave power supply under rotation conditions. At the same time, in terms of microwave-mechanical coordinated control, it largely relies on empirical parameter settings and lacks an adaptive control mechanism for lithological changes, making it difficult to ensure stable and reliable operation under complex geological conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel combined rock-breaking device for hard rock using microwave and drilling tools, in order to solve the problems of low rock-breaking efficiency and rapid tool wear in existing devices mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a novel combined rock breaking device for hard rock using microwave and drilling tools, comprising a ground control system and a microwave generator, wherein one end of the ground control system is connected to the microwave generator;

[0006] The microwave generator is connected to a power box at the bottom. The power box contains a rock-breaking motor, and the output shaft of the rock-breaking motor is connected to a rock-breaking drill shaft. The bottom of the rock-breaking drill shaft is connected to a connecting assembly, and the bottom of the connecting assembly is connected to a large reaming drill bit. The large reaming drill bit contains a microwave transmission component. The bottom of the large reaming drill bit is connected to a docking seat, and the bottom of the docking seat is fitted with a connecting seat. A fixing mechanism is provided between the docking seat and the connecting seat. The bottom of the connecting seat is connected to a microwave irradiation tube, and the bottom of the microwave irradiation tube is connected to a pre-drilling small drill bit.

[0007] Furthermore, both the pre-drilling small drill bit and the reaming large drill bit are hollow structures, and the inner wall of the pre-drilling small drill bit is provided with internal threads. The pre-drilling small drill bit is threadedly connected to the microwave irradiation cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, the microwave irradiation tube has a hollow structure, and the microwave irradiation tube is uniformly provided with through holes, which are distributed in a ring shape on the microwave irradiation tube.

[0009] Furthermore, the connecting assembly includes a first connecting flange, a second connecting flange, and a fixing pin. The first connecting flange is connected to the bottom end of the rock-breaking drill shaft, the second connecting flange is connected to the top end of the microwave transmission component, and fixing pins are connected to both sides of the first and second connecting flanges.

[0010] Furthermore, conduits are provided on both sides inside the power box, and one end of each conduit passes through connecting flange one and connecting flange two and communicates with the cavity inside the large drill bit.

[0011] Furthermore, the fixing mechanism includes a built-in groove, which is located inside one side of the connecting seat. A movable shaft is connected inside the built-in groove, and a pressing plate and a movable shaft are movably connected to both sides of the movable shaft, respectively. A return spring is connected to one side of the pressing plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the cross-section of the snap-fit ​​hook block is L-shaped with a hook, and a plug-in hook block is snapped into one side of the snap-fit ​​hook block, and the plug-in hook block is connected to the bottom end of the docking seat.

[0013] Furthermore, a docking block is connected to one side of the connecting seat, a connecting block is connected to one side of the docking seat, and a fixing component is provided between the docking block and the connecting block.

[0014] Furthermore, the fixing component includes a fixing screw threaded between the mating block and the connecting block, and the fixing screw passes through the mating block and is threaded with a fixing nut.

[0015] Furthermore, a sealing gasket is fitted onto the outside of the fixing screw, and a sealing ring is connected to the bottom of the sealing gasket. An annular sealing groove is provided at the top of the connecting block. The sealing gasket is attached to the connecting block, and the sealing ring is inserted into the sealing groove.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: when the novel hard rock microwave-drilling tool combined rock breaking device is used, it has a two-stage rock breaking effect, which improves the rock breaking efficiency of hard rock drilling and reduces wear and energy consumption. In addition, the device adopts modular operation to achieve flexible assembly and replacement, thereby improving the convenience and efficiency of overall use.

[0017] The drilling tool consists of a pre-drilling small drill bit and a reaming large drill bit. The pre-drilling small drill bit serves as a pilot tool, drilling a guide hole on the rock surface through high-speed rotation. At the same time, it utilizes the local high stress concentration effect of its cutting edge to pre-damage the rock mass around the hole wall, forming a microcrack network, which significantly reduces the integrity and strength of the rock mass. The reaming large drill bit efficiently expands the drilling cross-section of the weakened rock mass. Through the synergistic effect of mechanical crushing and microwave thermal assistance, the drilling cross-section is rapidly expanded, while reducing energy consumption and tool wear during pure mechanical drilling.

[0018] The reaming drill bit and the pre-drilling drill bit are connected by a connecting seat and a docking seat with a fixing mechanism. The insertion hook block at the bottom of the docking seat is inserted into the built-in groove and locked in place with the snap hook block to achieve initial positioning. The docking block and the connecting block are then tightly fitted together. The fixing screw is screwed through the connecting block and fixed with the fixing nut to further fix the connecting seat and the docking seat. This connection of the reaming drill bit and the pre-drilling drill bit improves rock breaking efficiency and construction quality. The pre-drilling drill bit can be disassembled and replaced by reversing the operation later. This modular assembly and disassembly avoids the waste of traditional integrated drill bits where "if one is damaged, all are damaged", ensuring that each drill bit works under optimal conditions and improving the overall drilling speed.

[0019] Furthermore, the rock-breaking drill shaft can be connected to the large drill bit by fitting the connecting flange one and the connecting flange two together and then fastening it with the fixing pin, thus providing power for subsequent rotary drilling. In addition, the drilling components can be easily disassembled and replaced by reverse operation later, making subsequent inspection and maintenance convenient.

[0020] High-power microwaves are output using a ground control system and microwave generator, and transmitted to the drill bit tip via a microwave transmission device. Both the reaming drill bit and the pre-drilling drill bit are hollow structures used for microwave irradiation. A microwave irradiation tube is installed between the reaming drill bit and the pre-drilling drill bit. The microwave irradiation tube has evenly distributed through holes, allowing microwave energy to penetrate the rock mass at multiple angles and directions. This avoids the energy concentration or attenuation problems caused by traditional single-point irradiation. This evenly distributed microwave field can accelerate the evaporation of water inside the rock mass and the thermal expansion of mineral particles, forming a wider microcrack network. This significantly reduces the overall strength of the rock mass, making the rock mass more thoroughly broken, reducing the possibility of large rock cuttings getting stuck in the drill bit, reducing energy loss during pure mechanical drilling, helping to extend the life of the drill bit, reduce construction costs, and improve the overall rock breaking efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the main structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural diagram of the connector of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the connecting block of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sealing groove on the connecting block of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sealing gasket and sealing ring of the present invention.

[0030] The following are the annotations in the diagram: 1. Ground control system; 2. Microwave generator; 3. Connecting assembly; 301. Connecting flange one; 302. Connecting flange two; 303. Fixing pin; 4. Microwave transmission component; 5. Large reaming drill bit; 6. Microwave irradiation tube; 601. Through hole; 7. Pre-drilling small drill bit; 701. Internal thread; 8. Power box; 9. Rock slope motor; 10. Rock breaking drill shaft; 11. Guide tube; 12. Connecting seat; 13. Docking seat; 14. Fixing mechanism; 1401. Internal groove; 1402. Return spring; 1403. Pressing plate; 1404. Movable shaft; 1405. Snap-fit ​​hook block; 1406. Insert hook block; 15. Docking block; 16. Connecting block; 1601. Sealing groove; 17. Fixing screw; 1701. Sealing gasket; 1702. Sealing ring; 18. Fixing nut. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Please see Figures 1-8 The present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0033] Example 1: To address the problem of low rock-breaking efficiency in existing technologies, the following technical solution is disclosed. Please refer to the following for details. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, a novel combined microwave-drilling rock-breaking device for hard rock includes a ground control system 1 and a microwave generator 2. One end of the ground control system 1 is connected to the microwave generator 2. A power box 8 is connected to the bottom of the microwave generator 2. A rock-breaking motor 9 is installed inside the power box 8, and the output shaft of the rock-breaking motor 9 is connected to a rock-breaking drill shaft 10. A connecting assembly 3 is connected to the bottom of the rock-breaking drill shaft 10, and a large-diameter drill bit 5 is connected to the bottom of the connecting assembly 3. The connecting assembly 3 includes a first connecting flange 301, a second connecting flange 302, and a fixing pin 303. The first connecting flange 301 is connected to the bottom end of the rock-breaking drill shaft 10, and the second connecting flange 302 is connected to the top end of the microwave transmission component 4. Fixing pins 303 are connected to both sides of the first connecting flange 301 and the second connecting flange 302. 3; Conduits 11 are provided on both sides inside the power box 8, and one end of each conduit 11 passes through connecting flange 1 301 and connecting flange 2 302 and communicates with the cavity inside the large reaming drill bit 5; Microwave transmission component 4 is provided inside the large reaming drill bit 5; Microwave irradiation tube 6 is connected to the bottom end of the connecting seat 12, and pre-drilling small drill bit 7 is connected to the bottom end of the microwave irradiation tube 6; Both the pre-drilling small drill bit 7 and the large reaming drill bit 5 are hollow structures, and internal threads 701 are provided on the inner wall of the pre-drilling small drill bit 7, and the pre-drilling small drill bit 7 is threadedly connected to the microwave irradiation tube 6; The microwave irradiation tube 6 is a hollow structure, and through holes 601 are evenly provided on the microwave irradiation tube 6, and the through holes 601 are distributed in a ring on the microwave irradiation tube 6;

[0034] In this embodiment, the ground control system 1 and microwave generator 2 output high-power microwaves, which are transmitted to the drill bit end in conjunction with the microwave transmission component 4. Both the reaming drill bit 5 and the pre-drilling drill bit 7 are hollow structures used for microwave irradiation. A microwave irradiation tube 6 is installed between the reaming drill bit 5 and the pre-drilling drill bit 7. The microwave irradiation tube 6 has evenly distributed through holes 601, allowing microwave energy to penetrate the rock mass at multiple angles and directions. This avoids the energy concentration or attenuation problems caused by traditional single-point irradiation, significantly reducing the overall strength of the rock mass, making rock mass fracturing more thorough, reducing the possibility of large rock cuttings getting stuck in the drill bit, and reducing energy loss during pure mechanical drilling. During this process, the rock-breaking motor 9 drives the rock-breaking drill shaft 10 to rotate. The rotation of the drill bit causes the large reaming drill bit 5 and the small pre-drilling drill bit 7 to rotate synchronously. The small pre-drilling drill bit 7 is used to form a guide hole and weaken the rock mass. The large reaming drill bit 5 efficiently expands the drilling cross-section of the weakened rock mass, forming a two-stage rock-breaking structure with better rock-breaking effect. The rock-breaking drill shaft 10 and the large reaming drill bit 5 are connected by a connecting component 3, namely, connecting flange 1 301 and connecting flange 2 302 are fitted together and fixed by a fixing pin 303, thereby realizing the fixed assembly of the large reaming drill bit 5. Disassembly can be achieved by reversing the operation later, so that the whole device can be modularly assembled, improving the flexibility of use. The microwave irradiation tube 6 is threaded with the small pre-drilling drill bit 7 for later inspection and maintenance.

[0035] Example 2: This example differs from Example 1. During use, the fixing mechanism 14 allows for flexible and convenient assembly of the large reaming drill bit 5 and the small pre-drilling drill bit 7, and facilitates subsequent disassembly, controlling maintenance costs. Therefore, the following technical solution is disclosed. Please refer to the following for details. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the bottom end of the large reaming drill bit 5 is connected to a docking seat 13, and the bottom of the docking seat 13 is fitted with a connecting seat 12. A fixing mechanism 14 is provided between the docking seat 13 and the connecting seat 12. The fixing mechanism 14 includes an internal groove 1401, which is located inside one side of the connecting seat 12. A movable shaft 1404 is connected inside the internal groove 1401, and a pressing plate 1403 and the movable shaft 1404 are movably connected to both sides of the movable shaft 1404, respectively. A return spring 1402 is connected to one side of the pressing plate 1403. The snap-fit ​​hook block 1405 has an L-shaped cross-section in the shape of a hook. A plug-in hook block 1406 is snapped into one side of the snap-fit ​​hook block 1405, and the plug-in hook block 1406 is connected to... The bottom of the docking seat 13; a docking block 15 is connected to one side of the connecting seat 12, and a connecting block 16 is connected to one side of the docking seat 13. A fixing component is provided between the docking block 15 and the connecting block 16. The fixing component includes a fixing screw 17 threaded between the docking block 15 and the connecting block 16, and the fixing screw 17 passes through the docking block 15 and is threaded with a fixing nut 18. A sealing gasket 1701 is sleeved on the outside of the fixing screw 17, and a sealing ring 1702 is connected to the bottom of the sealing gasket 1701. An annular sealing groove 1601 is provided at the top of the connecting block 16. The sealing gasket 1701 fits onto the connecting block 16, and the sealing ring 1702 is inserted into the sealing groove 1601.

[0036] In this embodiment, the drilling tool consists of a pre-drilling small drill bit 7 and a reaming large drill bit 5. The pre-drilling small drill bit 7 and the reaming large drill bit 5 are connected with the fixing mechanism 14. That is, the insertion hook block 1406 at the bottom of the docking seat 13 is inserted into the built-in groove 1401 and locked with the snap-fit ​​hook block 1405 to achieve initial positioning. The docking block 15 and the connecting block 16 are then tightly fitted together. The fixing screw 17 is screwed through the connecting block 16 and fixed with the fixing nut 18, and the sealing gasket 1701 is attached to the connecting block 16. 6. The sealing ring 1702 is inserted into the sealing groove 1601 to ensure the firmness and stability of the connection, thereby further fixing the connecting seat 12 and the docking seat 13, and then fixing the large reaming drill bit 5 and the pre-drilling small drill bit 7 to improve rock breaking efficiency and construction quality. In the later stage, the reverse operation can be performed to disassemble and replace the pre-drilling small drill bit 7, realize modular assembly and disassembly, avoid the waste of "all are damaged" in traditional integrated drill bits, ensure that each drill bit works under the best working conditions, and improve the overall drilling speed.

[0037] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel combined rock breaking device for hard rock using microwave-drilling tool, comprising a ground control system (1) and a microwave generator (2), wherein one end of the ground control system (1) is connected to the microwave generator (2). Its features are: The bottom of the microwave generator (2) is connected to a power box (8), and the power box (8) is equipped with a rock-breaking motor (9). The output shaft of the rock-breaking motor (9) is connected to a rock-breaking drill shaft (10). The bottom of the rock-breaking drill shaft (10) is connected to a connecting component (3), and the bottom of the connecting component (3) is connected to a large hole-reaming drill bit (5). The large hole-reaming drill bit (5) is equipped with a microwave transmission component (4). The bottom of the large hole-reaming drill bit (5) is connected to a docking seat (13), and the bottom of the docking seat (13) is fitted with a connecting seat (12). A fixing mechanism (14) is provided between the docking seat (13) and the connecting seat (12). The bottom of the connecting seat (12) is connected to a microwave irradiation tube (6), and the bottom of the microwave irradiation tube (6) is connected to a pre-drilling small drill bit (7).

2. The novel combined rock-breaking device for hard rock using microwave drilling tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the pre-drilling small drill bit (7) and the reaming large drill bit (5) are hollow structures. The inner wall of the pre-drilling small drill bit (7) is provided with an internal thread (701). The pre-drilling small drill bit (7) is threadedly connected to the microwave irradiation tube (6).

3. The novel combined rock-breaking device for hard rock using microwave drilling tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave irradiation tube (6) has a hollow structure, and through holes (601) are uniformly provided on the microwave irradiation tube (6), and the through holes (601) are distributed in a ring on the microwave irradiation tube (6).

4. The novel combined rock-breaking device for hard rock using microwave drilling tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting assembly (3) includes a connecting flange one (301), a connecting flange two (302), and a fixing pin (303). The connecting flange one (301) is connected to the bottom end of the rock-breaking drill shaft (10), and the connecting flange two (302) is connected to the top end of the microwave transmission component (4). The connecting flange one (301) and the connecting flange two (302) are both connected to fixing pins (303) on both sides.

5. A novel combined rock-breaking device for hard rock using microwave drilling tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power box (8) has conduits (11) on both sides inside, and one end of each conduit (11) passes through connecting flange one (301) and connecting flange two (302) and communicates with the cavity inside the large drill bit (5).

6. The novel combined rock-breaking device for hard rock using microwave drilling tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing mechanism (14) includes a built-in groove (1401), and the built-in groove (1401) is located inside one side of the connecting seat (12). A movable shaft (1404) is connected inside the built-in groove (1401), and a pressing plate (1403) and a movable shaft (1404) are movably connected to both sides of the movable shaft (1404). A reset spring (1402) is connected to one side of the pressing plate (1403).

7. A novel combined rock-breaking device for hard rock using microwave drilling tools according to claim 5, characterized in that: The snap-fit ​​hook block (1405) has an L-shaped cross section in the shape of a hook. A plug-in hook block (1406) is snapped into one side of the snap-fit ​​hook block (1405), and the plug-in hook block (1406) is connected to the bottom end of the docking seat (13).

8. A novel combined rock-breaking device for hard rock using microwave drilling tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: A docking block (15) is connected to one side of the connecting seat (12), and a connecting block (16) is connected to one side of the docking seat (13). A fixing component is provided between the docking block (15) and the connecting block (16).

9. A novel combined rock-breaking device for hard rock using microwave drilling tools according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixing component includes a fixing screw (17) threaded between the mating block (15) and the connecting block (16), and the fixing screw (17) passes through the mating block (15) and is threaded with a fixing nut (18).

10. A novel combined rock-breaking device for hard rock using microwave drilling tools according to claim 9, characterized in that: A sealing gasket (1701) is sleeved on the outside of the fixing screw (17), and a sealing ring (1702) is connected to the bottom of the sealing gasket (1701). An annular sealing groove (1601) is provided at the top of the connecting block (16). The sealing gasket (1701) is attached to the connecting block (16), and the sealing ring (1702) is inserted into the sealing groove (1601).

Images