A method for classifying and grading risks of highway structure points by comprehensively considering environmental and technical conditions

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of highway safety operation management and disaster prevention and mitigation technology. It discloses a method for classifying and grading the risks of highway structural points by comprehensively considering environmental and technical conditions. The method includes the following steps: S1. Quantifying the threat of natural disasters to structural points using a natural disaster risk index to obtain the natural disaster risk level of the structural point; S2. Quantifying and assessing the technical condition of different types of structural points, such as roadbeds, pavements, bridges, tunnels, and slopes, using standards and regulations to obtain a technical condition level; S3. Combining the obtained natural disaster risk level and technical condition level, and using an evaluation matrix, determining the final comprehensive risk level of the structural point. This invention reflects both the health status of the structural point itself and its vulnerability to natural environmental factors, organically combining internal and external factors to comprehensively and accurately classify and grade the comprehensive risk of structural points.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of highway safety operation management and disaster prevention and mitigation technology, specifically involving a method for classifying and grading the risks of highway structural points that comprehensively considers environmental and technical conditions. Background Technology

[0002] The geographical environment of Chongqing's mountainous expressways is extremely complex. Mountains and hills account for 90% of Chongqing's area, and with an average annual rainfall of 1200-1500 mm, extreme weather during the flood season is commonplace, leading to frequent and severe geological disasters. Furthermore, Chongqing's mountainous terrain results in numerous bridges and tunnels, with a bridge-to-tunnel ratio of 36% for its expressways. Due to the complex topography, variable climate, and high risk of traffic accidents, Chongqing's mountainous expressways face higher demands for safe operation. Structures not only face long-term structural aging (deterioration) but are also frequently threatened by natural disasters such as collapses, landslides, and mudslides. Traditional assessment methods typically separate "structural health monitoring" from "natural disaster risk assessment." Existing technologies for mountainous expressways suffer from limitations such as a single dimension in risk classification and grading, a disconnect between structural deterioration and environmental disaster assessment, and strong subjectivity in qualitative evaluation. These shortcomings prevent the risk classification and grading results from fully reflecting the true degree of danger of structural points in complex environments.

[0003] Considering only the technical condition value or the natural disaster risk index cannot fully reflect the risk level of a structural point. A structural point in good technical condition may still face a high safety risk if it is located in a high-risk natural disaster area; conversely, a structural point in poor technical condition may have a relatively low risk if its natural environment is relatively stable. Combining both indicators allows for a more comprehensive assessment of the risk of a structural point. Only by considering both comprehensively can the risk of a structural point be fully assessed, providing a scientific basis for the safe operation and maintenance of highways.

[0004] By comprehensively considering both the technical condition value and the structural point's natural disaster risk index, a comprehensive and accurate assessment of the structural point's overall risk level can be achieved. The technical condition value reflects the structural point's own health status and is the foundation of its safety; while the structural point's natural disaster risk index reflects its vulnerability to natural environmental factors and is an important external influencing factor on its safety.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a refined classification and grading system that can organically combine internal factors (structural state) and external factors (natural disasters) in order to achieve precise disaster prevention. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the single dimension of risk classification and grading for mountain highways, the disconnect between structural defects and environmental disaster assessments, and the strong subjectivity of qualitative evaluations. This invention provides a comprehensive risk classification and grading method for structural points of mountain highways that combines natural disaster risk and technical condition risk. By establishing a two-dimensional evaluation matrix of natural disaster risk index (CRI) and technical condition value of structural points, a refined classification and grading of structural points of mountain highways can be achieved.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for classifying and grading the risks of highway structural points, taking into account both environmental and technical conditions, includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. Assess the natural disaster risk level of structural points;

[0010] S2. Assess the overall technical condition level of the structural points;

[0011] S3. Risk classification and grading of structural points on mountainous expressways based on risk assessment matrix;

[0012] The risk assessment matrix is ​​a two-dimensional classification and grading assessment matrix established with the natural disaster risk level as the vertical axis and the technical condition level as the horizontal axis.

[0013] By combining the obtained natural disaster risk levels with the technical condition levels, and based on the risk assessment matrix, the final comprehensive risk level of the structural points is determined.

[0014] Furthermore, step S1 includes the following sub-steps:

[0015] S1.1 Obtain attribute information and disaster-causing factor data of highway structural points through on-site investigation and data collection;

[0016] Among them, the disaster-causing factors include five categories: collapse, landslide, debris flow, subsidence and collapse, and water damage;

[0017] S1.2 Calculate the natural disaster risk index of the structural point;

[0018] Based on the disaster-causing factor data collected in step S1.1, the frequency of occurrence, historical degree of damage, treatment status, development level and highway importance are selected as evaluation indicators, and standardized scores are applied to each indicator; different weighting coefficients are set according to different disaster-causing mechanisms.

[0019] The formula for calculating the natural disaster risk index of structural points is:

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, A, B, C, D, and E represent the frequency of occurrence, historical severity of damage, treatment status, development level, and standardized score of highway importance, respectively. These represent the weighting coefficients for frequency of occurrence, historical severity of damage, treatment status, development level, and importance of the highway, respectively. This represents the natural disaster risk index of the structural points;

[0022] S1.3 Based on the CRI score calculated in step S1.2, the natural disaster risk is divided into the following four levels:

[0023] Level 1: >83;

[0024] Level 2: 83≥ ≥62;

[0025] Level 3: 62> ≥48;

[0026] Level 4: Less than 48.

[0027] Furthermore, step S2 includes the following sub-steps:

[0028] S2.1 Based on the type of structural points, the technical condition shall be quantitatively assessed using the corresponding industry standards and procedures;

[0029] The types of structural points include roadbed and pavement, slopes, tunnels, and bridges;

[0030] The comprehensive subgrade technical condition index (SCI) and pavement technical condition index (PQI) are used for evaluation. The pavement technical condition index (PQI) is calculated by weighting pavement damage index (PCI), smoothness index (RQI), rutting index (RDI), and skid resistance index (SRI).

[0031] The slope was assessed using the Subgrade Technical Condition Index (SCI).

[0032] The final evaluation output, which includes the tunnel's integrated civil engineering structure, electromechanical facilities, and other structures, takes the maximum value as the overall technical condition assessment result.

[0033] The bridge assessment follows a hierarchical system of "component-part-structure-overall", and the technical condition score is calculated based on the deduction value of each component.

[0034] For bridges and tunnels, a "one-vote veto" judgment rule is introduced, that is, when a bridge or tunnel has serious defects, it will be directly judged as Category 5.

[0035] S2.2 A unified classification of the technical condition of each structural point is established;

[0036] If the technical condition of a structural point is excellent, it is classified as Category 1;

[0037] If the technical condition of the structural points is good, they are divided into two categories;

[0038] If the technical condition of the structural points is medium, they are divided into 3 categories;

[0039] If the technical condition of the structural points is suboptimal, they are divided into 4 categories;

[0040] If the technical condition of the structural points is poor, they are divided into 5 categories.

[0041] Furthermore, in step S3, the final output of the comprehensive risk level is divided into level one, level two, level three, and level four;

[0042] The judgment logic for the final output of the comprehensive risk level is as follows: if the technical condition of the structural point is assessed as Class 4 or Class 5, then regardless of the level of its natural disaster risk, its comprehensive risk level is uniformly determined as Level 1; if the technical condition is Class 1 to Class 3, then a tiered judgment is made according to the severity of the natural disaster risk.

[0043] Beneficial effects:

[0044] The beneficial effect of this invention is that it comprehensively considers the technical condition value and the natural disaster risk index of the structural point, which reflects both the health status of the structural point itself and its vulnerability to natural environmental factors. It can organically combine internal factors (structural condition) and external factors (natural disasters) to comprehensively and accurately classify and grade the comprehensive risk of the structural point.

[0045] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for classifying and grading the risk of highway structural points that comprehensively considers environmental and technical conditions, according to the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a two-dimensional evaluation matrix diagram for comprehensive risk classification and grading. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the technical solutions, advantages, and objectives of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a method for risk classification and grading of highway structural points that comprehensively considers environmental and technical conditions, including the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Assess the natural disaster risk level of structural points

[0051] First, through on-site investigation and data collection, attribute information and disaster-causing factor data of highway structural points were obtained. The natural disaster risks of highway structural points mainly target geological disasters and flood / drought disasters. Geological disasters mainly include landslides, mudslides, debris flows, subsidence, and collapses; flood / drought disasters mainly include water damage. Disaster-causing factors cover five categories: landslides, mudslides, debris flows, subsidence, and water damage. Frequency of occurrence (A), historical severity (B), treatment status (C), development level (D), and highway importance (E) were selected as evaluation indicators, and standardized scores were applied to each indicator (score ranges of 25, 50, 75, and 100). Different weighting coefficients were set for landslide / mudslide / subsidence disasters and debris flow / water damage disasters, based on the different disaster-causing mechanisms.

[0052] Based on this, through the formula:

[0053]

[0054] In the formula, A, B, C, D, and E represent the frequency of occurrence, historical severity of damage, treatment status, development level, and standardized score of highway importance, respectively. These represent the weighting coefficients for frequency of occurrence, historical severity of damage, treatment status, development level, and importance of the highway, respectively. This represents the natural disaster risk index of the structural points.

[0055] Calculate the natural disaster risk index (CRI) for structural points. Based on the calculated CRI score, the natural disaster risk is divided into four levels: Level 1 (major) with a score greater than 83, Level 2 (relatively high) with a score between 62 and 83, Level 3 (moderate) with a score between 48 and 62, and Level 4 (low) with a score less than or equal to 48.

[0056] This step quantifies external environmental threats through a natural disaster risk index, reflecting the vulnerability of structural points to natural environmental factors, and is an important external influencing factor on structural point safety.

[0057] Step 2: Assess the overall technical condition level of the structural points

[0058] For different types of structural points, such as roadbeds, pavements, bridges, tunnels, and high slopes, corresponding industry standards and regulations are used to quantitatively assess their technical condition. Roadbeds and pavements are assessed using a combination of the SCI (Subgrade Technical Condition Index) and PQI (Pavement Technical Condition Index), with the PQI calculated by weighting Pavement Damage Index (PCI), Roughness Index (RQI), Rutting Index (RDI), and Skid Resistance Index (SRI). Slopes are assessed using the SCI. Tunnels are assessed by comprehensively considering civil engineering structures, electromechanical facilities, and other structures, with the highest value taken as the overall technical condition assessment result. Bridge assessment follows a hierarchical system of "component-part-structure-overall," calculating the technical condition score based on the deduction values ​​for each component. Specifically, for bridges and tunnels, a "one-vote veto" rule is introduced: if a bridge exhibits one of 14 types of serious defects, such as superstructure beam collapse, main load-bearing component fracture, full-section cracking of control sections, or severe foundation displacement, it is directly classified as Category 5.

[0059] Ultimately, the technical condition of each structural point was uniformly divided into five levels: Class 1 (Excellent), Class 2 (Good), Class 3 (Medium), Class 4 (Substandard), and Class 5 (Poor).

[0060] This step aims to objectively reflect the integrity and disaster resistance of the structure itself. By quantifying the severity of damage, the baseline safety status of the structural points is determined without considering the external environment.

[0061] Step 3: Comprehensive Risk Classification and Grading of Structural Points

[0062] This step combines the natural disaster risk level obtained in Step 1 with the technical condition level obtained in Step 2 to determine the final comprehensive risk level of the structural point. A two-dimensional classification and grading evaluation matrix is ​​established, with natural disaster risk (Level 1 to 4) as the vertical axis and technical condition level (Class 1 to 5) as the horizontal axis. The judgment logic is as follows: If the technical condition of the structural point is assessed as Class 4 or 5, then regardless of its natural disaster risk level, its comprehensive risk level is uniformly determined as Level 1 (major); if the technical condition is Class 1 to 3, then a tiered judgment is made according to the severity of the natural disaster risk. For example, if the technical condition is Class 2 and the natural disaster risk is Level 1, the comprehensive risk is determined as Level 2.

[0063] The final comprehensive risk level is output as four levels: Level 1 (Serious), Level 2 (Significant), Level 3 (General), and Level 4 (Low). Simultaneously, the risk causes of natural disasters can be traced based on the assessment process in Step 1, and the risk causes of the technical conditions of structural points can be traced based on the assessment process in Step 2. This step, by combining internal and external factors, achieves a comprehensive classification and grading of the actual risk level of structural points in complex environments. It can guide maintenance management departments to take differentiated control measures such as increased monitoring, specialized testing, or engineering reinforcement for risk points of different levels.

[0064] It is hereby declared that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for classifying and grading the structural point risks of highways that comprehensively considers environmental and technical conditions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Assess the natural disaster risk level of structural points; S2. Assess the overall technical condition level of the structural points; S3. Risk classification and grading of structural points on mountainous expressways based on risk assessment matrix; The risk assessment matrix is ​​a two-dimensional classification and grading assessment matrix established with the natural disaster risk level as the vertical axis and the technical condition level as the horizontal axis. By combining the obtained natural disaster risk levels with the technical condition levels, and based on the risk assessment matrix, the final comprehensive risk level of the structural points is determined.

2. The method for classifying and grading the structural point risks of highways by comprehensively considering environmental and technical conditions, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... Step S1 includes the following sub-steps: S1.1 Obtain attribute information and disaster-causing factor data of highway structural points through on-site investigation and data collection; Among them, the disaster-causing factors include five categories: collapse, landslide, debris flow, subsidence and collapse, and water damage; S1.2 Calculate the natural disaster risk index of the structural point; Based on the disaster-causing factor data collected in step S1.1, the frequency of occurrence, historical degree of damage, treatment status, development level and highway importance are selected as evaluation indicators, and standardized scores are applied to each indicator; different weighting coefficients are set according to different disaster-causing mechanisms. The formula for calculating the natural disaster risk index of structural points is: In the formula, A, B, C, D, and E represent the frequency of occurrence, historical severity of damage, treatment status, development level, and standardized score of highway importance, respectively. These represent the weighting coefficients for frequency of occurrence, historical severity of damage, treatment status, development level, and importance of the highway, respectively. This represents the natural disaster risk index of the structural points; S1.3 Based on the CRI score calculated in step S1.2, the natural disaster risk is divided into the following four levels: Level 1: >83; Level 2: 83≥ ≥62; Level 3: 62> ≥48; Level 4: Less than 48.

3. The method for classifying and grading the structural point risks of highways by comprehensively considering environmental and technical conditions, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... Step S2 includes the following sub-steps: S2.1 Based on the type of structural points, the technical condition shall be quantitatively assessed using the corresponding industry standards and procedures; The types of structural points include roadbed and pavement, slopes, tunnels, and bridges; The comprehensive technical condition index of the subgrade (SCI) and the technical condition index of the pavement (PQI) are used for evaluation. The Road Technical Condition Index (PQI) is calculated by weighting the Road Damage Index (PCI), Roughness Index (RQI), Rutting Index (RDI), and Skid Resistance Index (SRI). The slope was assessed using the Subgrade Technical Condition Index (SCI). The final evaluation output, which includes the tunnel's integrated civil engineering structure, electromechanical facilities, and other structures, takes the maximum value as the overall technical condition assessment result. The bridge assessment follows a hierarchical system of "component-part-structure-overall", and the technical condition score is calculated based on the deduction value of each component. For bridges and tunnels, a "one-vote veto" judgment rule is introduced, that is, when a bridge or tunnel has serious defects, it will be directly judged as Category 5. S2.2 A unified classification of the technical condition of each structural point is established; If the technical condition of a structural point is excellent, it is classified as Category 1; If the technical condition of the structural points is good, they are divided into two categories; If the technical condition of the structural points is medium, they are divided into 3 categories; If the technical condition of the structural points is suboptimal, they are divided into 4 categories; If the technical condition of the structural points is poor, they are divided into 5 categories.

4. The method for classifying and grading the structural point risks of highways by comprehensively considering environmental and technical conditions, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that: In step S3, the final output of the comprehensive risk level is divided into level one, level two, level three, and level four; The judgment logic for the final output of the comprehensive risk level is as follows: if the technical condition of the structural point is assessed as Class 4 or Class 5, then regardless of the level of its natural disaster risk, its comprehensive risk level is uniformly determined as Level 1; if the technical condition is Class 1 to Class 3, then a tiered judgment is made according to the severity of the natural disaster risk.

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