A park green electricity consumption checking method based on a blockchain

Abstract

This invention discloses a blockchain-based method for verifying green electricity consumption in industrial parks, comprising: real-time collection of green electricity transaction data and total electricity consumption data of various enterprises within the park, generating enterprise green electricity consumption records, and storing them in the temporary storage area of ​​the data fingerprint chain of a first blockchain; for each enterprise green electricity consumption record, generating a verifiable credential, and storing the data hash of the record and the corresponding verifiable credential in the data fingerprint chain of a second blockchain; after the data fingerprint chain is stored, triggering the data fingerprint chain to move the data in the temporary storage area into the formal block, and recording a storage index pointing to the transaction detail chain in the data fingerprint chain; based on multiple verifiable credentials corresponding to multiple enterprise green electricity consumption records of the target enterprise within a continuous time period obtained from the data fingerprint chain, generating an aggregated zero-knowledge proof for use in green certificate application. Through dual-chain storage and zero-knowledge proof verification, lightweight, private, and efficient trusted traceability of green electricity consumption data is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of green electricity consumption verification technology in industrial parks, specifically involving a blockchain-based method for verifying green electricity consumption in industrial parks. Background Technology

[0002] In the context of global climate change response, green electricity consumption has become an important tool for enterprises, especially export-oriented manufacturing companies, to achieve low-carbon transformation and address green trade barriers. Obtaining green electricity certificates (green certificates) issued by the state through green electricity consumption is a key credential for recognizing and quantifying their carbon reduction achievements and lowering the implicit carbon emissions of their products.

[0003] Initially, the verification of green electricity consumption data and the application for green certificates mainly relied on the traditional model of self-declaration by enterprises, offline auditing and manual review, which had the risks of cumbersome process, long cycle, and data error or tampering.

[0004] With the development of blockchain technology, the industry has proposed applying it to energy data traceability. By storing enterprises' green electricity transactions and consumption data on the blockchain, the authenticity of the original data is technically ensured by leveraging its distributed and tamper-proof characteristics.

[0005] However, these blockchain-based solutions still face significant technical bottlenecks in practice, which restrict their application in large-scale, high-frequency scenarios at the park level.

[0006] Specifically, the park has a large number of enterprises, and green electricity consumption data needs to be continuously collected and uploaded to the blockchain on an hourly or even shorter interval, resulting in a huge amount of data. If a single blockchain architecture is used to store all detailed data, it will bring a heavy storage burden and network transmission pressure, the threshold for node participation will be high, and the system will be difficult to deploy and operate in a lightweight manner.

[0007] Meanwhile, the complex verification of consumption data over multiple consecutive days, which is necessary for green certificate issuance, often requires recalculating all the original data publicly on the blockchain. This is not only inefficient, but also exposes sensitive business information such as the company's detailed electricity consumption curves, posing a risk of privacy leaks.

[0008] Therefore, existing technologies urgently need an innovative solution that can achieve lightweight system operation while ensuring data immutability and efficient verification, and effectively protect enterprise data privacy, so as to support large-scale, reliable traceability and automated green certificate application for park-level green electricity consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention provides a blockchain-based method for verifying green electricity consumption in industrial parks. It can achieve efficient, privacy-preserving, and trustworthy verification of enterprise green electricity consumption data and automated compliance application by lightweight storage of data hashes and verifiable credentials on the data fingerprint chain, encrypted storage of complete data on the transaction details chain, and generation of aggregated proofs based on zero-knowledge proof technology.

[0010] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A blockchain-based method for verifying green electricity consumption in industrial parks includes: Real-time collection of green electricity transaction data and total electricity consumption data of enterprises in the park, generating enterprise green electricity consumption records containing enterprise identifiers, timestamps, green electricity consumption and total electricity consumption, and storing them in the temporary storage area of ​​the data fingerprint chain of the first blockchain; For each enterprise's green electricity consumption record, a verifiable credential is generated, and the data hash of the record and the corresponding verifiable credential are stored in the data fingerprint chain of the second blockchain; After the data fingerprint chain is stored, the data fingerprint chain is triggered to move the data in the temporary storage area into the formal block, and a storage index pointing to the transaction detail chain is recorded in the data fingerprint chain. Based on the verifiable credentials corresponding to multiple green electricity consumption records of the target enterprise within a continuous time period obtained from the data fingerprint chain, an aggregated zero-knowledge proof is generated for green certificate application.

[0011] The blockchain-based green electricity consumption verification method for industrial parks used in this invention also has the following additional technical features: Generating verifiable credentials specifically includes: Based on the enterprise's green electricity consumption records, cryptographic credentials generated using a zero-knowledge proof algorithm can verify at least one of the following claims: the data format of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records is compliant. The amount of green electricity consumed in the enterprise's green electricity consumption record is no greater than the total electricity consumption. The data hash value of the enterprise's green electricity consumption record has been calculated correctly.

[0012] The data in the temporary storage area is moved into the formal block, and a storage index pointing to the transaction detail chain is recorded in the data fingerprint chain, specifically as follows: The complete data of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records is encrypted to obtain an encrypted data packet; The encrypted data packet is sent to a node in the formal block of the transaction details chain for storage; An anchored transaction is generated and stored in the data fingerprint chain. The transaction contains the storage index of the encrypted data packet on the transaction detail chain and the ciphertext of its decryption key.

[0013] The data fingerprint chain adopts the Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism. The transaction details chain adopts either the Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism or the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (PBFT) consensus mechanism.

[0014] Generate aggregated zero-knowledge proofs for green certificate applications, specifically as follows: According to the aggregated zero-knowledge proof, when the proportion of green electricity consumption to total electricity consumption of the target enterprise during the continuous time period meets the preset green certificate application conditions... Based on the aggregated zero-knowledge proof and the identity information of the target enterprise, a green certificate application data package is generated for green certificate application.

[0015] The pre-defined conditions for applying for a green certificate are as follows: When the number of consecutive days that meet the condition that the proportion of green electricity consumption to total electricity consumption is greater than or equal to the green electricity proportion threshold reaches the duration threshold, a green certificate application data package is generated. Wherein, the green electricity ratio threshold R is based on the base ratio. The carbon quota gap parameter Gap is obtained. K is a preset adjustment coefficient; The duration threshold N is obtained based on the baseline duration Z and the historical volatility σ of the proportion of green electricity consumption to total electricity consumption within the continuous time period. E is the preset allowable estimation error range.

[0016] The green certificate application data package is as follows: The green certificate application data packet includes the aggregated zero-knowledge proof, the identity information of the target enterprise, a data hash list of multiple enterprise green electricity consumption records corresponding to the continuous time period obtained from the data fingerprint chain, and access authorization for the encrypted data packet corresponding to the storage index.

[0017] When the green certificate application data packet is submitted, it also includes: If the target enterprise's green electricity consumption accounts for a proportion of its total electricity consumption during the continuous time period that is greater than or equal to the sampling threshold, then it shall apply for a green certificate. Otherwise, based on the storage index and through access authorization, the enterprise's green electricity consumption records are retrieved from the transaction details chain for verification.

[0018] The second aspect of this invention employs a blockchain-based green electricity consumption verification system for industrial parks, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to collect green electricity transaction data and total electricity consumption data of each enterprise in the park in real time, and generate green electricity consumption records of enterprises. The voucher generation module is used to generate verifiable vouchers for each enterprise's green electricity consumption record; The first blockchain node is used to run the data fingerprint chain and store the data hash of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records, the verifiable credentials, and the counter for consecutive days of compliance. The second blockchain node is used to run the transaction details chain and store complete data of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records. The zero-knowledge proof aggregation module is used to generate aggregated zero-knowledge proofs based on multiple verifiable credentials of the target enterprise within a continuous time period. The rules engine module is used to monitor the consecutive compliance days counter. When the target enterprise meets the preset green certificate application conditions, the green certificate application process is triggered.

[0019] The first blockchain node and the second blockchain node are physically deployed by different sets of servers.

[0020] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows: 1. In this invention, by first storing enterprise green electricity consumption records in the temporary storage area of ​​the data fingerprint chain, and then triggering their movement into the formal block and association with the transaction details chain, an asynchronous processing and anchoring dual-chain collaboration mechanism is constructed. This enables data fingerprints (hash and credentials) with high real-time requirements to be quickly confirmed on the chain, while complete detailed data with high storage overhead can be archived asynchronously and encrypted. This solves the problem of excessive node storage load and limited system throughput caused by full storage in the existing single blockchain architecture, and achieves lightweight deployment and efficient operation of the system.

[0021] Secondly, by generating verifiable credentials for each consumption record and storing them along with the data hash on the data fingerprint chain, and finally generating aggregated zero-knowledge proofs based on multiple such credentials, the verifier does not need to obtain and calculate the company's original, sensitive electricity consumption details from the chain. They only need to verify a cryptographic proof to confirm the authenticity of the company's green electricity conclusion. While ensuring data immutability, this reduces the risk of exposing the company's detailed electricity consumption curves and other commercial privacy during the verification process, and reduces the verification time for complex and continuous conditions, greatly improving the efficiency and privacy security of green certificate application. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the blockchain-based green electricity consumption verification method for industrial parks according to one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the overall concept of the present invention, a detailed description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0024] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, a blockchain-based method for verifying green electricity consumption in industrial parks includes: S100: Collects green electricity transaction data and total electricity consumption data of each enterprise in the park in real time, generates enterprise green electricity consumption records containing enterprise identifier, timestamp, green electricity consumption amount and total electricity consumption, and stores them in the temporary storage area of ​​the data fingerprint chain of the first blockchain.

[0026] The main purpose of this step is to build an efficient, reliable and structured raw data source for subsequent processing, and to resolve the contradiction between high-frequency data writing and blockchain consensus latency by introducing a staging area mechanism.

[0027] The park platform connects in real time with the provincial green electricity trading platform and enterprise smart meters (or energy management systems) through API interfaces, and collects two key data points every hour: the amount of green electricity purchased by enterprises with authoritative certification, and the total electricity consumption of enterprises.

[0028] The two sets of data from the same company and within the same hour are then timestamped and linked to generate a structured record of the company's green electricity consumption. This record includes at least the company's unified social credit code (identifier), a timestamp accurate to the hour, green electricity consumption (kWh), total electricity consumption (kWh), and a unique serial number generated by the platform.

[0029] Once generated, the record is immediately submitted to a dedicated temporary storage area of ​​the data fingerprint chain. This temporary storage area is essentially a high-speed, sequentially writable temporary storage area, designed to ensure that massive amounts of real-time data can be received and temporarily stored quickly and without blocking.

[0030] Before or after storing data in the staging area, records can be cleaned (e.g., negative values ​​removed), formatted, and lightly encrypted. Setting up a staging area decouples the data reception from the blockchain consensus process, which has significantly different time consumption. This avoids congestion or data loss caused by waiting for block packaging and network consensus when data floods into the database, providing data buffering capabilities and ensuring stable and orderly processing of subsequent steps.

[0031] S200: For each enterprise green electricity consumption record, generate a verifiable credential, and store the data hash of the record and the corresponding verifiable credential in the data fingerprint chain of the second blockchain.

[0032] The main purpose of this step is to generate a cryptographic digital fingerprint and an independently verifiable electronic certificate for each original consumption record, and to solidify these two lightweight but crucial pieces of evidence on the blockchain as an immutable record.

[0033] For each consumption record in the temporary storage area, a zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) generation engine is invoked. This engine takes the record's core fields (such as hash value and electricity consumption) as input, runs a specific zero-knowledge proof circuit, and outputs a verifiable credential (VC). This credential is a cryptographic object that does not directly reveal the specific electricity consumption value, but can prove to any verifier in the future that certain claims about the record are true.

[0034] At the same time, the cryptographic hash value of the record is calculated. Then, the hash value of this record is bound to its corresponding verifiable credential and submitted as a transaction to the main chain of the data fingerprint chain. It is then packaged into a block through a fast consensus mechanism such as DPoS, completing the permanent notarization on the public distributed ledger.

[0035] Verifiable credentials can be designed to support various claims, such as data integrity and range validity (e.g., green electricity ≤ total electricity). This step enables on-chain evidence storage, providing a lightweight credential and hash, which significantly reduces the storage and transmission burden on the blockchain compared to storing complete detailed data. More importantly, it pre-defines the evidence needed for complex future verifications, enabling efficient and privacy-preserving verification.

[0036] S300: After the data fingerprint chain is stored, the data fingerprint chain is triggered to move the data in the temporary storage area into the formal block, and a storage index pointing to the transaction detail chain is recorded in the data fingerprint chain.

[0037] The main purpose of this step is to securely archive the original complete data temporarily stored in the buffer and establish a reliable and searchable link between the lightweight on-chain evidence and the complete off-chain data.

[0038] Once the data hash and credentials are successfully stored on the data fingerprint chain, this event will serve as a trigger signal. The corresponding complete enterprise green electricity consumption record will then be retrieved from the temporary storage area of ​​the data fingerprint chain, encrypted using a symmetric encryption algorithm, and formed into an encrypted data packet.

[0039] The data packet is sent to a dedicated transaction detail chain for storage, used for large-volume data archiving. Subsequently, a special anchor transaction is generated and recorded on the data fingerprint chain. This transaction explicitly contains two elements: 1) A storage index pointing to the location of the corresponding encrypted data packet on the transaction details chain; 2) The ciphertext key used to decrypt the data packet (which can be decrypted by the regulator or an authorized auditor using their private key).

[0040] This step implements an asynchronous, triggered data solidification and cross-chain anchoring mechanism, separating data trust notarization from volume storage. High-frequency, lightweight trust notarization is completed by the fast chain (data fingerprint chain); low-frequency, large-capacity data is carried by the dedicated chain (transaction detail chain).

[0041] The links established by the storage index ensure that any verification conclusion based on on-chain credentials can be traced back to the original and complete encrypted data for verification when necessary, achieving global data trustworthiness and traceability as well as efficient and lightweight daily processing.

[0042] S400: Based on the multiple verifiable credentials corresponding to multiple green electricity consumption records of the target enterprise within a continuous time period obtained from the data fingerprint chain, generate an aggregated zero-knowledge proof for green certificate application.

[0043] The main purpose of this step is to generate a cryptographic proof that proves a company meets the green certificate application requirements over multiple consecutive days without exposing any specific daily electricity consumption details, thereby supporting automated compliance for privacy protection.

[0044] When applying for a green certificate for a target company, verifiable credentials (VCs) corresponding to all the company's consumption records within a target continuous time period (e.g., the past 30 days) are retrieved from its data fingerprint chain. These credentials are then fed into a more complex zero-knowledge proof aggregation circuit. The logic running through this aggregation circuit is precisely the business rules for green certificate issuance (e.g., the daily green electricity ratio is no less than 50% for 30 consecutive days). Ultimately, the circuit outputs an aggregated zero-knowledge proof.

[0045] This single document can prove that a company has met the continuous consumption requirements without needing to know the specific amount of green electricity or conventional electricity the company uses each day.

[0046] This step achieves both privacy protection and efficient verification, solving the challenge of verifying complex conditions while maintaining data confidentiality. For enterprises, their sensitive electricity consumption patterns are kept completely confidential; the verification process is transformed from tedious data checking to cryptographic proof verification in seconds, thus improving efficiency.

[0047] It should be noted that the data fingerprint chain adopts the Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism. The transaction details chain adopts either the Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism or the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (PBFT) consensus mechanism.

[0048] For the dual-chain heterogeneous architecture of the data fingerprint chain and the transaction detail chain, differentiated consensus mechanisms are configured for them respectively. The main purpose is to match the data flows and business logic of different natures within the system with the most suitable underlying distributed consensus model, thereby achieving a balance between security, efficiency, cost and manageability as a whole, so as to support the actual operational needs of high-frequency, auditable green electricity data traceability at the park level.

[0049] The core task of the data fingerprint chain is to receive and verify data hashes and verifiable credentials from a large number of enterprises at a high frequency and at high speed.

[0050] Therefore, the Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism is preferred. Under this mechanism, on-chain stakers elect a limited number of witness nodes (e.g., 21) through voting, and these nodes take turns being responsible for the production and verification of blocks.

[0051] The core task of the transaction details chain is to securely and reliably store the encrypted complete data packets and use them as the final verification basis. This chain has higher requirements for the identity and stability of participating nodes.

[0052] Therefore, the Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism or the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (PBFT) consensus mechanism is preferred. If PoA is used, a small number of known and trusted authoritative nodes, such as the park management, act as block producers; if PBFT is used, a pre-determined group of nodes reaches a strict consensus on the blocks through multiple rounds of voting.

[0053] The data fingerprint chain processes fingerprint data in very small volumes but requires extremely high throughput and near real-time transaction confirmation to support subsequent processes. The transaction detail chain processes massive amounts of detail data but writes it relatively infrequently, and therefore has more stringent requirements for the data's ultimate immutability and long-term storage stability.

[0054] This differentiated consensus configuration allows the fast chain (data fingerprint chain) to focus on speed and breadth, while the slow chain (transaction detail chain) can focus on security and depth. The two work together through cryptographic anchoring, achieving organic decoupling and efficient collaboration between lightweight verification and heavy-duty storage.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, generating verifiable credentials specifically includes: Based on the enterprise's green electricity consumption records, cryptographic credentials generated using a zero-knowledge proof algorithm can verify at least one of the following claims: the data format of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records is compliant. The amount of green electricity consumed in the enterprise's green electricity consumption record is no greater than the total electricity consumption. The data hash value of the enterprise's green electricity consumption record has been calculated correctly.

[0056] The main purpose of this implementation method is to create a cryptographic credential for each enterprise's green electricity consumption record, without disclosing its specific numerical content, that can independently and efficiently verify the authenticity of several key attributes, for subsequent trusted verification and privacy calculation.

[0057] First, upon receiving a pending enterprise green electricity consumption record, the core data fields that need to be verified are extracted, typically including: the record's unique identifier, the amount of green electricity consumed (…). Total electricity consumption () ) and the cryptographic hash value calculated by the record itself ( ).

[0058] Subsequently, this data will be used as private input, along with a set of public verification rules (as common parameters of the circuit), and fed into a pre-compiled zero-knowledge proof circuit (such as zk-SNARKs or Bulletproofs).

[0059] The circuit is designed to perform a series of logical operations on input data and output a proof. Crucially, this proof can demonstrate that the private input satisfies the verification rules without needing to see the input data itself. Preferably, the circuit is designed to support the generation of proofs for at least three types of key claims: Data format compliance statement: This statement proves that the structure, field types, and encoding methods of the record fully comply with the system's predefined standardized format specifications, thus eliminating malformed or maliciously constructed data from the source.

[0060] Consumption Logical Relationship Declaration: Prove that in this record, green electricity consumption ( The value of ) is not greater than the total electricity consumption ( This is a fundamental yet crucial validity check that ensures the logical consistency of the data and prevents invalid or fraudulent data, such as green electricity consumption exceeding total electricity consumption, from entering the system.

[0061] Declaration of correct hash value calculation: Proof of the hash value attached to this record ( It is confirmed that the credential was correctly calculated from the original data of the record using a specified hash algorithm (such as SHA-256). This establishes an unforgeable and unique cryptographic binding between the credential and the original record.

[0062] After the circuit is running, it will output a short cryptographic credential (i.e., the zero-knowledge proof itself), which, together with the corresponding public parameters, constitutes the verifiable credential of this record.

[0063] This implementation provides a privacy-protecting verification primitive for massive, high-frequency park-level green electricity consumption records. This lightweight credential alone is sufficient to confirm the authenticity of key record attributes, while remaining completely unaware of the specific amount of electricity used by the enterprise, fundamentally protecting the enterprise's sensitive business information.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the data in the temporary storage area is moved into the formal block, and a storage index pointing to the transaction detail chain is recorded in the data fingerprint chain, specifically as follows: The complete data of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records is encrypted to obtain an encrypted data packet; The encrypted data packet is sent to a node in the formal block of the transaction details chain for storage; An anchored transaction is generated and stored in the data fingerprint chain. The transaction contains the storage index of the encrypted data packet on the transaction detail chain and the ciphertext of its decryption key.

[0065] The main purpose of this implementation is to establish a secure, orderly, and verifiable mechanism to reliably archive complete consumption data in the buffer to a large-capacity storage chain, while generating an immutable digital receipt and access permission on a lightweight trust anchor chain, thereby achieving secure storage of massive amounts of detailed data and accurate traceability with minimal trust costs.

[0066] This step is automatically triggered after the hash of a consumption record and the notarized transaction of the credential are confirmed on the data fingerprint chain. First, the corresponding, complete enterprise green electricity consumption record is extracted from the temporary storage area of ​​the data fingerprint chain. Then, the record is encrypted using a one-time symmetric encryption key (e.g., generated using the AES-256 algorithm), resulting in an encrypted data packet. This key is used only to encrypt this specific record, achieving data-level security isolation.

[0067] Next, this encrypted data packet is submitted as the transaction payload to a dedicated transaction detail chain for persistent storage. Nodes on this chain (such as those using PoA consensus) package it into a new formal block, completing the permanent storage and returning a globally unique storage index on the chain. This index is similar to a precise coordinate; for example, it could be an identifier composed of the block height and the transaction's position within the block.

[0068] Finally, a special anchor transaction is initiated and broadcast on the data fingerprint chain. The core payload of this transaction consists of two inseparable parts: Storage index: This refers to the coordinates obtained from the transaction details chain in the previous step, which point to the precise location of the encrypted data packet.

[0069] Ciphertext of the decryption key: The one-time symmetric key used to encrypt the data packet is asymmetrically encrypted using the public key of the authorized party agreed upon in advance (such as using the RSA-OAEP algorithm) to generate a ciphertext.

[0070] Once this anchored transaction is recorded in a formal block of the data fingerprint chain through consensus, the following association is permanently and immutably established: a specific data fingerprint (hash / credential). Specific encrypted data packet location A specific access key that can only be decrypted by authorized personnel.

[0071] Data fingerprint chains require a lightweight design to support high-frequency, rapid verification, while complete traceability relies on the trusted preservation of the original data. A strategy of encrypted distribution and storage, anchored to the keychain, achieves a separation of trust and storage. Detailed electricity usage data for enterprises remains encrypted at all times, effectively protecting business privacy. Simultaneously, by encrypting the decryption key with the public key and anchoring it on the chain, it ensures that authorized parties can recover and retrieve the original data when verification is needed.

[0072] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an aggregated zero-knowledge proof is generated for green certificate application, specifically as follows: According to the aggregated zero-knowledge proof, when the proportion of green electricity consumption to total electricity consumption of the target enterprise during the continuous time period meets the preset green certificate application conditions... Based on the aggregated zero-knowledge proof and the identity information of the target enterprise, a green certificate application data package is generated for green certificate application.

[0073] The main purpose of this implementation method is to provide an ultimate cryptographic tool that can verify the overall green electricity consumption compliance of an enterprise over a continuous period of time in a one-time, privacy-preserving manner. Based on this tool, standardized application materials that can be submitted directly are automatically constructed, thereby achieving complete automation and privacy security in the green certificate application process.

[0074] When the system (or the target company) initiates a green certificate application request, the application logic engine performs the following core operations. First, based on the claimed continuous time period (e.g., the past 30 calendar days), the engine accurately retrieves and obtains verifiable credentials (VCs) corresponding to the target company's daily green electricity consumption records within that time period from the data fingerprint chain. These credentials are cryptographic objects that have been generated and solidified on the chain in previous steps, proving the validity of the daily data.

[0075] The engine then inputs these credentials, along with the preset green certificate application business rules that need to be verified (e.g., the daily green electricity consumption ratio is not less than R% for N consecutive days), into a predefined aggregate zero-knowledge proof generation circuit.

[0076] Specifically, when the number of consecutive days that meet the condition that the proportion of green electricity consumption to total electricity consumption is greater than or equal to the green electricity proportion threshold reaches the duration threshold, a green certificate application data package is generated. Wherein, the green electricity ratio threshold R is based on the base ratio. The carbon quota gap parameter Gap is obtained. K is a preset adjustment coefficient; The duration threshold N is obtained based on the baseline duration Z and the historical volatility σ of the proportion of green electricity consumption to total electricity consumption within the continuous time period. E is the preset allowable estimation error range.

[0077] The main purpose of this embodiment is to upgrade the traditional fixed and uniform green certificate issuance business rules (such as "the proportion of ≥50% for 30 consecutive days") to a technical solution based on dynamic and personalized calculation of objective data of individual enterprises.

[0078] This enables the certification standards to intelligently adapt to the actual emission reduction performance and data credibility of different companies, thereby achieving accurate measurement and improving the scientific nature, fairness, and incentive effect of green certificate application.

[0079] First, the engine needs to obtain multi-dimensional input data from internal and external systems: obtaining the basic proportion of the enterprise type from industry databases or rule files ( The system retrieves the carbon allowance gap (Gap) parameter between the company's current carbon emissions and its target from the company's carbon management system, and calculates the historical volatility (σ), or standard deviation, of the company's daily green electricity ratio from the system's historical storage. In addition, the administrator will preset a global adjustment coefficient (K), an allowable estimation error range (E), and a baseline duration (Z) related to the statistical confidence level.

[0080] According to the formula The calculations are performed. The core idea is to appropriately raise the threshold for green electricity consumption (increase the R value) required for enterprises with large carbon emission deficits and high emission reduction pressure to obtain green certificates, thereby reflecting a precise incentive and constraint orientation.

[0081] According to the formula Calculations are performed. For enterprises with drastic fluctuations in green electricity consumption (large σ), the uncertainty of their data patterns is high. To ensure stable compliance, the number of consecutive days for observation and verification needs to be extended (N value increases). Conversely, for enterprises with stable consumption patterns (small σ), the required time can be shortened. Function Ensure that the calculation baseline is not lower than 1 to prevent the N value from not meeting the baseline value Z due to σ being too small.

[0082] The circuit internally encodes complete business rule logic. The core of the circuit's operation is to perform a complex zero-knowledge proof computation (e.g., using a zk-SNARKs framework), which essentially generates a mathematical proof that demonstrates to the verifier that the input set of credentials was entirely generated from valid daily data, and that the daily data represented by these credentials collectively satisfies the claimed continuous compliance conditions.

[0083] After the circuit completes its operation, it outputs a short, fixed-length aggregated zero-knowledge proof. This proof itself does not contain any specific electricity consumption value, nor does it contain any original single credential, but it condenses all the key verification information.

[0084] Finally, a structured green certificate application data package is generated. Specifically, the green certificate application data package includes the aggregated zero-knowledge proof, the identity information of the target enterprise, a data hash list of multiple enterprise green electricity consumption records corresponding to the continuous time period obtained from the data fingerprint chain, and access authorization for the encrypted data package corresponding to the storage index.

[0085] The primary objective of this embodiment is to construct a complete, self-consistent, and hierarchically structured set of digital evidence. This data package is not only used to transmit core compliance statements but also aims to achieve a seamless transition from efficient formal review to in-depth substantive auditing, ensuring a streamlined verification process while preserving complete traceability based on cryptographic trust.

[0086] The green certificate application data package is not a single file, but a digital package following a specific structure. Its assembly strategy is as follows: The core of the data package is an aggregated zero-knowledge proof, the final output of the aforementioned steps, which cryptographically encapsulates the core statement that the company meets continuous compliance requirements. Around this core, three key sets of supporting and traceability information are bundled: Identity identification layer: Attaches verified target enterprise identity information (such as enterprise name, unified social credit code), binding abstract proof to specific legal entities.

[0087] On-chain evidence index layer: Automatically extracts a list of data hashes from the data fingerprint chain that perfectly corresponds to the continuous time period involved in the application for green electricity consumption records of all relevant enterprises. This list is like a public, immutable electronic evidence catalog, where each hash value is a unique fingerprint pointing to a specific on-chain evidence.

[0088] The raw data access permission layer: The data packet also contains an access authorization for the encrypted data packet. This authorization is essentially a data key packet encrypted with the issuing authority's public key, containing information (such as symmetric key ciphertext) needed to decrypt the relevant encrypted data packet obtained from on-chain anchored transactions. It does not directly contain data itself, but rather represents an authorized, executable access capability.

[0089] It should be noted that the green certificate application data packet submitted here also includes: If the target enterprise's green electricity consumption accounts for a proportion of its total electricity consumption during the continuous time period that is greater than or equal to the sampling threshold, then it shall apply for a green certificate. Otherwise, based on the storage index and through access authorization, the enterprise's green electricity consumption records are retrieved from the transaction details chain for verification.

[0090] The main purpose of this embodiment is to introduce an intelligent risk classification and review routing mechanism into the automated application process. This mechanism does not process every application indiscriminately, but rather automatically selects the most efficient and compliant subsequent processing path based on the green electricity consumption level claimed by the applicant company, thereby achieving optimal allocation of system resources and precise control of review risks.

[0091] A sampling threshold is preset (for example, this threshold can be set to a value significantly higher than the dynamic green electricity consumption ratio threshold R, such as 80%). The submission logic engine will perform a key conditional judgment: it compares the average green electricity consumption ratio of the target enterprise within the stated continuous time period with the system's preset sampling threshold.

[0092] Based on the comparison results, the system automatically branches into two differentiated processing paths. High-confidence path (direct application): If the calculated average green electricity ratio is greater than or equal to the sampling threshold, the application is determined to be a high-confidence application.

[0093] This indicates that the company's green electricity consumption level is far above the basic compliance threshold, making data falsification or accidental compliance extremely unlikely. No further action will be required; the process will be directly triggered to submit the assembled green certificate application data package.

[0094] Enhanced Verification Path (Retrieval and Verification): If the calculated average green electricity ratio is less than the sampling threshold, the application is deemed to need to enter the enhanced verification process. At this point, the application package will not be submitted immediately. Instead, based on the storage index and access authorization already included in the data package, a request will be automatically sent to the transaction details chain to retrieve the corresponding, encrypted, and complete enterprise green electricity consumption records for that time period.

[0095] Once decrypted, these records can be automatically verified using pre-defined enhanced verification rules (such as more detailed curve smoothness analysis) or pushed to a manual review interface for focused examination. Only after this verification is passed will the application be finally submitted.

[0096] For the vast majority of companies with excellent green electricity consumption performance, the high-confidence approach enabled fully automated, unmanned processing, significantly improving overall efficiency. System resources and manual review efforts were focused on a few enhanced verification applications nearing compliance boundaries, achieving focused attention and significantly reducing overall operating costs.

[0097] A second aspect of the present invention provides a blockchain-based green electricity consumption verification system for industrial parks, characterized in that it includes: The data acquisition module is used to collect green electricity transaction data and total electricity consumption data of each enterprise in the park in real time, and generate green electricity consumption records of enterprises. The voucher generation module is used to generate verifiable vouchers for each enterprise's green electricity consumption record; The first blockchain node is used to run the data fingerprint chain and store the data hash of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records, the verifiable credentials, and the counter for consecutive days of compliance. The second blockchain node is used to run the transaction details chain and store complete data of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records. The zero-knowledge proof aggregation module is used to generate aggregated zero-knowledge proofs based on multiple verifiable credentials of the target enterprise within a continuous time period. The rules engine module is used to monitor the consecutive compliance days counter. When the target enterprise meets the preset green certificate application conditions, the green certificate application process is triggered.

[0098] The first blockchain node and the second blockchain node are physically deployed by different sets of servers.

[0099] Therefore, it can achieve any effect in the blockchain-based green electricity consumption verification method in the park, which will not be elaborated here.

[0100] For any parts not mentioned in this invention, existing technologies can be used or referenced.

[0101] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0102] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based method for verifying green electricity consumption in industrial parks, characterized in that, include: Real-time collection of green electricity transaction data and total electricity consumption data of enterprises in the park, generating enterprise green electricity consumption records containing enterprise identifiers, timestamps, green electricity consumption and total electricity consumption, and storing them in the temporary storage area of ​​the data fingerprint chain of the first blockchain; For each enterprise's green electricity consumption record, a verifiable credential is generated, and the data hash of the record and the corresponding verifiable credential are stored in the data fingerprint chain of the second blockchain; After the data fingerprint chain is stored, the data fingerprint chain is triggered to move the data in the temporary storage area into the formal block, and a storage index pointing to the transaction detail chain is recorded in the data fingerprint chain. Based on the verifiable credentials corresponding to multiple green electricity consumption records of the target enterprise within a continuous time period obtained from the data fingerprint chain, an aggregated zero-knowledge proof is generated for green certificate application.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generating verifiable credentials specifically includes: Based on the enterprise's green electricity consumption records, cryptographic credentials generated using a zero-knowledge proof algorithm can verify at least one of the following claims: the data format of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records is compliant. The amount of green electricity consumed in the enterprise's green electricity consumption record is no greater than the total electricity consumption. The data hash value of the enterprise's green electricity consumption record has been calculated correctly.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data in the temporary storage area is moved into the formal block, and a storage index pointing to the transaction detail chain is recorded in the data fingerprint chain, specifically as follows: The complete data of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records is encrypted to obtain an encrypted data packet; The encrypted data packet is sent to a node in the formal block of the transaction details chain for storage; An anchored transaction is generated and stored in the data fingerprint chain. The transaction contains the storage index of the encrypted data packet on the transaction detail chain and the ciphertext of its decryption key.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data fingerprint chain adopts the Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism. The transaction details chain adopts either the Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism or the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (PBFT) consensus mechanism.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generate aggregated zero-knowledge proofs for green certificate applications, specifically as follows: According to the aggregated zero-knowledge proof, when the proportion of green electricity consumption to total electricity consumption of the target enterprise during the continuous time period meets the preset green certificate application conditions... Based on the aggregated zero-knowledge proof and the identity information of the target enterprise, a green certificate application data package is generated for green certificate application.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pre-defined conditions for applying for a green certificate are as follows: When the number of consecutive days that meet the condition that the proportion of green electricity consumption to total electricity consumption is greater than or equal to the green electricity proportion threshold reaches the duration threshold, a green certificate application data package is generated. Wherein, the green electricity ratio threshold R is based on the base ratio. The carbon quota gap parameter Gap is obtained. K is a preset adjustment coefficient; The duration threshold N is obtained based on the baseline duration Z and the historical volatility σ of the proportion of green electricity consumption to total electricity consumption within the continuous time period. E represents the preset allowable estimation error range.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The green certificate application data package is as follows: The green certificate application data packet includes the aggregated zero-knowledge proof, the identity information of the target enterprise, a data hash list of multiple enterprise green electricity consumption records corresponding to the continuous time period obtained from the data fingerprint chain, and access authorization for the encrypted data packet corresponding to the storage index.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the green certificate application data packet is submitted, it also includes: If the target enterprise's green electricity consumption accounts for a proportion of its total electricity consumption during the continuous time period that is greater than or equal to the sampling threshold, then it shall apply for a green certificate. Otherwise, based on the storage index and through access authorization, the enterprise's green electricity consumption records are retrieved from the transaction details chain for verification.

9. A blockchain-based green electricity consumption verification system for industrial parks, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to collect green electricity transaction data and total electricity consumption data of each enterprise in the park in real time, and generate green electricity consumption records of enterprises. The voucher generation module is used to generate verifiable vouchers for each enterprise's green electricity consumption record; The first blockchain node is used to run the data fingerprint chain and store the data hash of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records, the verifiable credentials, and the counter for consecutive days of compliance. The second blockchain node is used to run the transaction details chain and store complete data of the enterprise's green electricity consumption records. The zero-knowledge proof aggregation module is used to generate aggregated zero-knowledge proofs based on multiple verifiable credentials of the target enterprise within a continuous time period. The rules engine module is used to monitor the consecutive compliance days counter. When the target enterprise meets the preset green certificate application conditions, the green certificate application process is triggered.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first blockchain node and the second blockchain node are physically deployed by different sets of servers.

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