System for preparing a perovskite cell surface metal electrode and method of preparing a metal electrode

Abstract

This disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for preparing metal electrodes on the surface of perovskite solar cells. The system includes: a conductive wire laying unit, a barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit, a microstructure pressing unit, and a curing unit. The conductive wire laying unit is used to lay conductive wires of conductive adhesive on the surface of the solar cell. The barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit is used to lay barrier adhesive on the surface of the solar cell with conductive wires and press it to form a flat barrier adhesive surface. The microstructure pressing unit is used to press a pyramid structure on the barrier adhesive surface. The curing unit is used to cure the solar cell coated with barrier adhesive. The system of this disclosure can achieve the simultaneous processing of metal grid lines while laying a barrier adhesive with uniform and controllable thickness on the surface of a large-sized solar cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy, specifically to a system and method for preparing metal electrodes on the surface of perovskite solar cells. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite solar cells are highly sensitive to moisture and oxygen, and can be protected through effective encapsulation after processing. However, the time between cell production and encapsulation typically takes several hours or even days, which can significantly impact the performance of unprotected perovskite cells. Currently, some methods exist involving pre-encapsulation structures for perovskite cells and the use of PDMS or epoxy resin adhesives for pre-encapsulation protection. However, these methods generally employ spin-coating to prepare the pre-encapsulation barrier layer, which is insufficient for the large-area, practical requirements of pre-encapsulation barrier coating for solar cells.

[0003] Furthermore, since high temperatures have a fatal impact on perovskite solar cells, the conventional method of screen-printing conductive paste followed by high-temperature annealing to process electrode grid lines on the surface of photovoltaic cells is difficult to apply to perovskite solar cells. Currently, there is no mature process for processing metallized grid lines on the surface of perovskite solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a system and method for preparing metal electrodes on the surface of perovskite solar cells. The system disclosed herein can simultaneously lay a barrier adhesive of uniform and controllable thickness on the surface of a large-sized solar cell and complete the processing of metal grid lines.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this disclosure provides a system for preparing surface metal electrodes for perovskite solar cells, the system comprising: a conductive wire laying unit, a barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit, a microstructure pressing unit, and a curing unit; The conductive wire laying unit is used to lay conductive wires with conductive adhesive on the surface of the battery cell. The barrier adhesive application and pressing unit is used to apply barrier adhesive to the surface of the battery cell on which conductive wires are laid and press it to form a flat barrier adhesive surface. The microstructure pressing unit is used to press a pyramid structure onto the barrier adhesive surface; The curing unit is used to cure the battery cells coated with barrier adhesive.

[0006] Optionally, the barrier adhesive application pressing unit includes: a housing, a pressing plate, a pressing rod, and an internal pushing mechanism; The push mechanism is used to control the pressure plate and the pressure rod to move closer to and further away from the surface of the battery cell; the pressure rod is vertically arranged along the axial direction, the pressure plate is horizontally arranged, and the lower end of the pressure rod is connected to the upper surface of the pressure plate; the bottom surface of the housing is open, the pressure plate and the pressure rod are arranged in the cavity of the housing, and the circumference of the pressure plate abuts against the inner sidewall of the housing.

[0007] Optionally, the microstructure pressing unit includes a pressing block with inverted pyramidal protrusions on its surface.

[0008] Optionally, the system further includes a conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit, which is used to coat the conductive wire with conductive adhesive and convey the conductive wire to the surface of the battery cell; Preferably, the conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit includes a conductive adhesive storage device and a traction transmission mechanism; the conductive adhesive storage device has an adhesive receiving cavity formed inside its outer shell, and each of the opposite side walls of the outer shell has an opening for the conductive wire to pass through independently; the traction transmission mechanism is used to pull the conductive wire through the opening and through the adhesive receiving cavity.

[0009] Optionally, the curing unit includes a heating curing device or an ultraviolet curing device.

[0010] Optionally, the system further includes a cell conveying unit and a block conveying unit; The cell conveying unit is used to convey the cells sequentially through the conductive wire laying unit, the barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit, and the curing unit; the block conveying unit is used to convey the blocks to the microstructure pressing unit.

[0011] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a method for preparing a surface metal electrode for a perovskite solar cell using the system provided in the first aspect of this disclosure, the method comprising: S1. In the conductive wire laying unit, conductive wires coated with conductive adhesive are laid on the battery cell to obtain a battery cell with conductive wires. S2. In the barrier adhesive application and pressing unit, the barrier adhesive is applied to the surface of the battery cell with conductive wires and pressed flat to obtain a battery cell covered with barrier adhesive. S3. In the microstructure pressing unit, the barrier adhesive side of the battery cell covered with barrier adhesive is pressed to obtain a battery cell with a pyramid structure. S4. In the curing unit, the battery cell with the pyramid structure is cured.

[0012] Optionally, the conductive wire is made of one or more of silver, copper, and graphene; the cross-sectional shape of the conductive wire is circular, square, semi-circular, or triangular; and the barrier adhesive is made of one or more of epoxy resin, polydimethylsiloxane, and polyvinylidene chloride.

[0013] Optionally, the barrier adhesive application pressing unit includes: a housing, a pressing plate, a pressing rod, and an inner pushing mechanism; the inner pushing mechanism is used to control the pressing plate and the pressing rod to move closer to and further away from the surface of the battery cell; the pressing rod is vertically arranged along the axial direction, the pressing plate is horizontally arranged, and the lower end of the pressing rod is connected to the upper surface of the pressing plate; the bottom surface of the housing is open, the pressing plate and the pressing rod are disposed in the cavity of the housing, and the circumference of the pressing plate abuts against the inner sidewall of the housing; The process of applying barrier adhesive to the surface of the battery cell with conductive wires and pressing it flat in the barrier adhesive application and pressing unit includes: After applying barrier adhesive to the surface of the battery cell with conductive wires, the lower edge of the housing is pressed against the edge of the battery cell with conductive wires; under the push of the internal pushing mechanism, the pressure rod and the pressure plate are brought closer to the surface of the battery cell and pressed tightly against the battery cell with conductive wires.

[0014] Optionally, the pressure applied per unit area of ​​the pressure plate is 0.001-100 kPa.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, the system disclosed herein couples a conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit, a conductive wire laying unit, a barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit, a microstructure pressing unit, and a curing unit, which can realize the laying of a barrier adhesive with uniform and controllable thickness on the surface of a large-sized battery cell while simultaneously completing the processing of metal grid lines, making it suitable for industrial applications.

[0016] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the system disclosed herein for preparing surface metal electrodes for perovskite solar cells.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the barrier adhesive application and pressing unit disclosed herein.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1. Conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit; 2. Conductive wire laying unit. 3. Microstructure pressing unit; 4. Curing unit; 5. Barrier adhesive application and pressing unit. 51. Housing 52. Pressure bar 53. Pressure plate Detailed Implementation The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0020] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," and "right" generally refer to "up," "down," "left," and "right" when the system of this disclosure is functioning normally.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the first aspect of this disclosure provides a system for preparing surface metal electrodes for perovskite solar cells. The system includes: a conductive wire laying unit 2, a barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit 5, a microstructure pressing unit 3, and a curing unit 4. The conductive wire laying unit 2 is used to lay conductive wires of conductive adhesive on the surface of the solar cell. The barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit 5 is used to lay barrier adhesive on the surface of the solar cell with conductive wires and press it to form a flat barrier adhesive surface. The microstructure pressing unit 3 is used to press a pyramid structure on the barrier adhesive surface. The curing unit 4 is used to cure the solar cell coated with barrier adhesive.

[0022] The system disclosed herein couples a conductive wire laying unit, a barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit, a microstructure pressing unit, and a curing unit, enabling the application of a uniformly thick and controllable barrier adhesive on the surface of a large-sized battery cell while simultaneously processing metal grid lines, making it suitable for industrial applications.

[0023] like Figure 2As shown, in one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the barrier adhesive application pressing unit 5 includes: a housing 51, a pressing plate 53, a pressing rod 52, and an internal pushing mechanism; the internal pushing mechanism is used to control the pressing plate 53 and the pressing rod 52 to move closer to and further away from the surface of the battery cell; the pressing rod 52 is vertically arranged along the axial direction, the pressing plate 53 is horizontally arranged, and the lower end of the pressing rod 52 is connected to the upper surface of the pressing plate 53; the bottom surface of the housing 51 is open, the pressing plate 53 and the pressing rod 52 are disposed in the cavity of the housing, and the circumference of the pressing plate 53 abuts against the inner sidewall of the housing. In this embodiment, the internal pushing mechanism pushes the pressing rod downward, and the pressing block moves downward simultaneously under the action of the pressing rod, applying a certain uniform pressure to the barrier adhesive, so that it is flatly covered on the surface of the battery cell. Compared with the traditional spin coating method, the barrier adhesive application pressing unit of this disclosure can achieve the coating of barrier adhesive on battery cells with a large area, and the thickness of the barrier adhesive layer is uniform and controllable, making production more convenient.

[0024] According to this disclosure, the shape of the housing in the barrier adhesive application pressing unit can be selected according to the shape of the battery cell, for example, it can be a cuboid with a rectangular bottom. In a preferred embodiment, the circumferential dimension of the bottom end of the housing sidewall is larger than the circumferential dimension of the battery cell, so as to press down the four edges of the battery cell when the battery cell enters the barrier adhesive application pressing unit, so that the battery cell is flat and adhered to the worktable surface of the barrier adhesive application pressing unit while preventing the barrier adhesive from overflowing.

[0025] In one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the microstructure pressing unit 3 includes a pressing block with inverted pyramidal protrusions on its surface. By setting the microstructure pressing unit in the system of this disclosure, a pyramidal micro-trapped optical structure can be formed on the surface of the barrier adhesive by the pressing block's own gravity. Compared with the traditional chemical etching method, the fabrication process is simpler and more environmentally friendly.

[0026] In one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the system further includes a conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit 1; the conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit 1 is used to coat the conductive wire surface with conductive adhesive and convey the conductive wire to the surface of the battery cell. In a preferred specific embodiment of this disclosure, the conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit 1 includes a conductive adhesive storage device and a traction transmission mechanism; the conductive adhesive storage device has an adhesive receiving cavity formed inside its outer casing, and each of the opposite side walls of the outer casing has an opening independently provided solely for the conductive wire to pass through; the traction transmission mechanism is used to pull the conductive wire through the opening and through the adhesive receiving cavity. The traction transmission mechanism can be anything well known to those skilled in the art, for example, it can be the interconnect strip conveying mechanism of a stringing machine.

[0027] In another embodiment of this disclosure, the conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit 1 includes a conductive adhesive spraying device to uniformly spray conductive adhesive onto the surface of the conductive wire.

[0028] According to this disclosure, the curing unit 4 can be any device known to those skilled in the art capable of curing barrier adhesives. In one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the curing unit includes a heating curing device or an ultraviolet curing device.

[0029] In one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the system further includes a cell conveying unit and a block conveying unit; the cell conveying unit is used to convey the cells sequentially through the conductive wire laying unit, the barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit, and the curing unit; the block conveying unit is used to convey the blocks to the microstructure pressing unit. This embodiment can achieve continuous operation of the system and improve the degree of automation and continuity of the system disclosed herein.

[0030] In one embodiment, the battery cell is a battery roll, and the battery cell conveying unit is a roll-to-roll conveying mechanism. Preferably, the battery cell (roll) is controlled by the roll-to-roll (R2R) conveying mechanism to advance step by step. After completing the laying of conductive wires and the laying and pressing of barrier adhesive for one segment of the battery cell, it steps to the next segment and continues to process. This method is suitable for processing and preparing metal electrodes for flexible substrate perovskite and its stacked batteries.

[0031] In another embodiment, the battery cell is a segmented battery cell. The battery cell is controlled by a transmission line. The current battery cell is conveyed to the conductive wire laying unit to complete the conductive wire laying, and then conveyed to the barrier adhesive coating and pressing unit to complete the barrier adhesive coating and pressing. After that, it is conveyed to the microstructure pressing unit and the curing device for processing. At the same time, the next battery cell is conveyed to the conductive wire laying unit for processing. This method is suitable for processing and preparing metal electrodes for rigid and segmented flexible substrate perovskite and its stacked battery cells.

[0032] The second aspect of this disclosure provides a method for preparing surface metal electrodes for perovskite solar cells using the system provided in the first aspect of this disclosure. The method includes: S1, in the conductive wire laying unit, laying conductive wires coated with conductive adhesive onto a solar cell to obtain a solar cell with conductive wires; S2, in the barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit, laying barrier adhesive onto the surface of the solar cell with conductive wires and pressing it flat to obtain a solar cell coated with barrier adhesive; S3, in the microstructure pressing unit, pressing the barrier adhesive side of the solar cell coated with barrier adhesive to obtain a solar cell with a pyramid structure; S4, in the curing unit, curing the solar cell with the pyramid structure.

[0033] The method disclosed herein enables the application of a barrier adhesive with uniform and controllable thickness on the surface of a large-sized solar cell while simultaneously processing metal grid lines, making it suitable for industrial applications.

[0034] In one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the barrier adhesive application pressing unit 5 includes: a housing 51, a pressing panel 53, a pressing rod 52, and an inner pushing mechanism; the inner pushing mechanism is used to control the pressing panel 53 and the pressing rod 52 to move closer to and further away from the surface of the battery cell; the pressing rod 52 is vertically arranged along the axial direction, the pressing panel 53 is horizontally arranged, and the lower end of the pressing rod 52 is connected to the upper surface of the pressing panel 52; the bottom surface of the housing 51 is open, the pressing panel 53 and the pressing rod 52 are disposed in the cavity of the housing 51, and the circumference of the pressing panel 53 abuts against the inner sidewall of the housing 51; The process of applying barrier adhesive to the surface of a battery cell with conductive wires and pressing it flat in the barrier adhesive application and pressing unit includes: after dotting the barrier adhesive on the surface of the battery cell with conductive wires, pressing the lower edge of the housing against the edge of the battery cell with conductive wires; and, under the push of the inward pushing mechanism, bringing the pressure rod and the pressure plate closer to and pressing the battery cell with conductive wires relative to the surface of the battery cell. The barrier adhesive can be applied using methods well-known to those skilled in the art, such as using a glue applicator. Preferably, the barrier adhesive dots are evenly distributed on the battery cell. The above method disclosed herein can achieve adhesive coating on the surface of large battery cells, and the thickness of the barrier adhesive layer is uniform and controllable, facilitating industrial production.

[0035] This disclosure does not impose specific limitations on the density of the conductive wires, which can be adjusted according to the battery's electrical performance parameters. According to this disclosure, the material of the conductive wires can be anything well-known to those skilled in the art, such as a readily available and easily processed metal material with good conductivity or highly conductive graphene. In one specific embodiment of this disclosure, the material of the conductive wires is one or more of silver, copper, and graphene, preferably copper. The size of the conductive wires in this disclosure can vary within a wide range and be selected according to actual needs. In one embodiment, the diameter of the conductive wires can be 1 μm-1 mm; the cross-sectional shape of the conductive wires is circular, square, semi-circular, or triangular to achieve a smooth fit with the surface of the battery cell.

[0036] According to this disclosure, by coating the surface of the battery with a highly transparent barrier adhesive that provides good moisture barrier properties, a uniform pre-encapsulation layer can be formed on the surface of the perovskite battery. This helps to prevent moisture erosion, thereby improving the stability and visible light incidentness of the perovskite battery. The barrier adhesive used in this disclosure is well known to those skilled in the art, and may be, for example, one or more of epoxy resin, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and polyvinylidene chloride.

[0037] According to this disclosure, the pressure applied per unit area of ​​the pressing panel can vary within a wide range, and the pressure applied per unit area of ​​the pressing panel can be set according to the required thickness of the barrier adhesive layer. In one embodiment, the pressure applied per unit area of ​​the pressing panel is 0.001-100 kPa.

[0038] According to this disclosure, the pressing block of the microstructure pressing unit has an inverted pyramid convex side that contacts the conductive adhesive, and the pyramid micro-trap optical structure on the surface of the conductive adhesive is fabricated by the weight of the pressing block itself.

[0039] According to this disclosure, the curing treatment can be ultraviolet curing or heat curing, which are well known to those skilled in the art. The conditions of the curing treatment can be selected according to the type of barrier adhesive and the thickness of the barrier adhesive layer, which will not be elaborated here.

[0040] According to this disclosure, the method further includes: passing a conductive wire through the colloid receiving cavity of a conductive adhesive storage device, coating the surface of the conductive wire with conductive adhesive, and then leading out the conductive wire coated with conductive adhesive and introducing it into the conductive wire laying unit. The types of conductive adhesives are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here. By coating the conductive wire with conductive adhesive, it can be better fixed after being laid on the surface of the battery cell, while reducing the contact resistance between the battery cell and the conductive wire.

[0041] According to this disclosure, the solar cell can be a perovskite solar cell or a perovskite tandem solar cell. The perovskite solar cell can include a substrate, a bottom electrode layer, an electron transport material, a perovskite photosensitive material, a hole transport material, and a top electrode layer stacked sequentially. The perovskite tandem solar cell can include a substrate, a bottom cell layer, a perovskite cell layer, and a top electrode layer. The bottom cell can be a crystalline silicon solar cell or a thin-film solar cell such as copper indium gallium selenide.

[0042] The present disclosure will be further illustrated by the following examples, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0043] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a system for preparing metal electrodes on the surface of perovskite solar cells. The system includes: a conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit 1, a conductive wire laying unit 2, a barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit 5, a microstructure pressing unit 3, and an ultraviolet curing device. The barrier adhesive application and pressing unit includes a housing 51, a pressing plate 53, a pressing rod 52, and an internal pushing mechanism. The internal pushing mechanism controls the pressing plate and pressing rod to move closer to and further away from the surface of the battery cell. The pressing rod 52 is vertically arranged along the axial direction, the pressing plate is horizontally arranged, and the lower end of the pressing rod 52 is connected to the upper surface of the pressing plate. The bottom surface of the housing 51 is open, and the pressing plate 53 and the pressing rod are arranged in the cavity of the housing, with the circumference of the pressing plate abutting against the inner sidewall of the housing 51. The microstructure pressing unit 3 is a pressing block with inverted pyramid protrusions on its surface. The conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit 1 includes a conductive adhesive storage device and a traction transmission mechanism. The outer shell of the conductive adhesive storage device forms an adhesive receiving cavity, and the opposite sidewalls of the outer shell are each independently provided with an opening for the conductive wire to pass through. The traction transmission mechanism is used to pull the conductive wire through the opening and through the adhesive receiving cavity.

[0044] The method for preparing the surface metal electrode of perovskite solar cell using the above system is as follows: S1. Pass the conductive wire (made of copper, with a circular cross-section) through the colloid cavity of the conductive adhesive storage device to coat the surface of the conductive wire with conductive adhesive. Lead out the conductive wire coated with conductive adhesive and then introduce it into the conductive wire laying unit. In the conductive wire laying unit, lay the conductive wire coated with conductive adhesive onto the battery cell (battery cell size 12.5cm × 12.5cm) to obtain a battery cell with conductive wire. S2. In the barrier adhesive application and pressing unit, polydimethylsiloxane is dotted onto the surface of the battery cell with conductive wires, so that the lower edge of the shell presses against the edge of the battery cell with conductive wires. Under the push of the inner push mechanism, the pressure rod and the pressure plate move downward. The pressure plate applies 10 kPa pressure per unit area to press and flatten the battery cell with barrier adhesive, and obtains a battery cell covered with barrier adhesive. S3. In the microstructure pressing unit, the side of the pressing block with the inverted pyramid protrusion is placed opposite the barrier adhesive side of the battery cell covered with barrier adhesive, and the pressing is performed under the weight of the pressing block itself to obtain a battery cell with a pyramid structure on the surface. S4. In the curing unit, the solar cell with a pyramid structure on the surface is subjected to ultraviolet curing treatment to obtain a solar cell with metal grid lines and a barrier adhesive on the surface.

[0045] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example uses a conventional method of screen printing conductive paste followed by high-temperature annealing to prepare metallized grid lines on the surface of the solar cell. Screen printing utilizes the basic principle that the paste passes through the mesh openings in the patterned areas of the screen, while the paste does not pass through the mesh openings in the non-patterned areas. During the printing process, the paste is squeezed from the mesh openings in the patterned areas to specific locations on the solar cell by a squeegee. Subsequently, a high-temperature annealing process solidifies the conductive paste to form surface metallized grid line electrodes.

[0046] As can be seen from the above, the method disclosed herein can simultaneously process metal grid lines while applying a barrier adhesive of uniform and controllable thickness to the surface of a large-sized solar cell; while the comparative method cannot apply a barrier adhesive of uniform thickness to the surface of a large-sized solar cell, and cannot effectively protect the solar cell before encapsulation. At the same time, the high-temperature annealing process has a significant impact on the performance of perovskite solar cells.

[0047] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0048] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0049] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A system for preparing surface metal electrodes for perovskite solar cells, characterized in that, The system includes: a conductive wire laying unit (2), a barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit (5), a microstructure pressing unit (3), and a curing unit (4). The conductive wire laying unit (2) is used to lay conductive wires with conductive adhesive on the surface of the battery cell; The barrier adhesive application and pressing unit (5) is used to apply barrier adhesive to the surface of the battery cell with conductive wires and press it to form a flat barrier adhesive surface. The microstructure pressing unit (3) is used to press a pyramid structure onto the barrier adhesive surface; The curing unit (4) is used to cure the battery cells coated with barrier adhesive.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The barrier adhesive application pressing unit (5) includes: a housing (51), a pressing panel (53), a pressing rod (52), and an inward pushing mechanism; The push mechanism is used to control the pressure plate (53) and the pressure rod (52) to move closer to and further away from the surface of the battery cell; the pressure rod (52) is vertically arranged along the axial direction, the pressure plate (53) is horizontally arranged, and the lower end of the pressure rod (52) is connected to the upper surface of the pressure plate (52); the bottom surface of the housing (51) is open, the pressure plate (53) and the pressure rod (52) are arranged in the cavity of the housing (51) and the circumference of the pressure plate (53) abuts against the inner sidewall of the housing (51).

3. The system according to claim 2, wherein, The microstructure pressing unit (3) includes a pressing block with an inverted pyramid protrusion on its surface.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The system also includes a conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit (1), which is used to coat the conductive wire surface with conductive adhesive and convey the conductive wire to the surface of the battery cell; Preferably, the conductive adhesive coating and conductive wire conveying unit (1) includes a conductive adhesive storage device and a traction transmission mechanism; the conductive adhesive storage device has an adhesive receiving cavity formed inside its outer shell, and the opposite side walls of the outer shell are each independently provided with an opening for the conductive wire to pass through, and the traction transmission mechanism is used to pull the conductive wire through the opening and through the adhesive receiving cavity.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The curing unit (4) includes a heating curing device or an ultraviolet curing device.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The system also includes a cell conveying unit and a block conveying unit; The cell conveying unit is used to convey the cells sequentially through the conductive wire laying unit, the barrier adhesive laying and pressing unit, and the curing unit; the block conveying unit is used to convey the blocks to the microstructure pressing unit.

7. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell surface metal electrode using the system described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method includes: S1. In the conductive wire laying unit, conductive wires coated with conductive adhesive are laid on the battery cell to obtain a battery cell with conductive wires. S2. In the barrier adhesive application and pressing unit, the barrier adhesive is applied to the surface of the battery cell with conductive wires and pressed flat to obtain a battery cell covered with barrier adhesive. S3. In the microstructure pressing unit, the barrier adhesive side of the battery cell covered with barrier adhesive is pressed to obtain a battery cell with a pyramid structure. S4. In the curing unit, the battery cell with the pyramid structure is cured.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The conductive wire is made of one or more of silver, copper, and graphene; the cross-sectional shape of the conductive wire is circular, square, semi-circular, or triangular; the barrier adhesive is made of one or more of epoxy resin, polydimethylsiloxane, and polyvinylidene chloride.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The barrier adhesive application pressing unit (5) includes: a housing (51), a pressing panel (53), a pressing rod (52), and an inward pushing mechanism; the inward pushing mechanism is used to control the pressing panel (53) and the pressing rod (52) to move closer to and further away from the surface of the battery cell; the pressing rod (52) is vertically arranged along the axial direction, the pressing panel (53) is horizontally arranged, and the lower end of the pressing rod (52) is connected to the upper surface of the pressing panel (52); the bottom surface of the housing (51) is open, the pressing panel (53) and the pressing rod (52) are arranged in the cavity of the housing (51), and the circumference of the pressing panel (53) abuts against the inner sidewall of the housing (51); The process of applying barrier adhesive to the surface of the battery cell with conductive wires and pressing it flat in the barrier adhesive application and pressing unit includes: After applying barrier adhesive to the surface of the battery cell with conductive wires, the lower edge of the housing is pressed against the edge of the battery cell with conductive wires; under the push of the internal pushing mechanism, the pressure rod and the pressure plate are brought closer to the surface of the battery cell and pressed tightly against the battery cell with conductive wires.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The pressure applied per unit area of ​​the pressure plate is 0.001-100 kPa.

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