Automatic cotton sowing machine

Abstract

The application relates to the field of seeding, in particular to a cotton automatic seeding machine, which comprises a movable frame, a rolling roller arranged on the outer surface of one end of the movable frame, and a seeding sleeve which is detachably arranged on the outer surface of the rolling roller. A small hydraulic pump is fixedly arranged on the inner wall surface of the top of the seeding sleeve. A conical extrusion block is fixedly connected to the output end of the small hydraulic pump. A positioning clamping plate is arranged on the outer surface of the output end of the small hydraulic pump. When the seeding sleeve is inserted into the soil, four arc-shaped extrusion plates are inserted into the soil, and the arc-shaped extrusion plates form a conical groove in the soil. After the arc-shaped extrusion plates are inserted, the conical extrusion block is pushed by the small hydraulic pump. When the conical extrusion block continuously descends, the arc-shaped extrusion plates are pushed and expanded, so that the size of the groove is expanded. At this time, the length of the arc-shaped extrusion plates can well control the depth of the soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sowing technology, specifically an automatic cotton sowing machine. Background Technology

[0002] Cotton is an economic crop grown in many vast plains areas. In many places, mulching is used to keep the cotton seeds warm, thereby improving the germination rate. However, most cotton is grown by manual sowing.

[0003] A patent with publication number CN106797733A discloses an automatic cotton seeder, including a platform, four walking structures, four sowing mechanisms, a seed storage bin, a soil pressing mechanism, a camera group, four first servo motors, four connecting pipes, four seed storage boxes, four electric cylinder bases, sixteen support pillars, sixteen first springs, eight first electric cylinders, four seed picking tubes, and four baffles. The camera group is installed at the front end of the upper surface of the platform. A seed storage bin is located in the middle of the upper surface of the platform. A connecting pipe is provided on each of the four sides of the seed storage bin, and the lower end of each connecting pipe is connected to a seed storage box. This invention uses cameras to determine road information and employs four walking structures to drive the machine forward. The four sowing mechanisms can adjust the sowing distance according to the width of the seedbed, and can also adjust the position to avoid stones during sowing, resulting in high sowing efficiency.

[0004] Currently, in existing technologies, cotton seeds need to be buried in the soil when sowing. Since sowing is done manually, the spacing between seeds can vary, leading to either overcrowding or excessive looseness of the cotton plants. This results in insufficient soil fertility and less robust growth of the cotton. Furthermore, whether sowing is done manually or mechanically, it is impossible to control the sowing depth when dealing with different types of cotton seeds. If seeds are buried too deep, seedlings will not grow well, while if seeds are buried too shallow, some cotton seeds that require deeper burial will not grow effectively.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides an automatic cotton seeder. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: The automatic cotton seeder of the present invention includes a movable frame and a rolling roller disposed on the outer surface of one end of the movable frame, a seeding sleeve detachably mounted on the outer surface of the rolling roller, a small hydraulic pump fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the seeding sleeve, a conical extrusion block fixedly connected to the output end of the small hydraulic pump, a positioning snap plate disposed on the outer surface of the output end of the small hydraulic pump, an arc-shaped extrusion plate oscillatingly connected to the outer surface of the positioning snap plate, the outer surface of the conical extrusion block movably overlapping the inner wall of the arc-shaped extrusion plate, a discharge sleeve fixedly installed on the top surface of the conical extrusion block and at the two side edges, a pull-out shrink tube movably sleeved on the inner wall of the top of the discharge sleeve, a discharge hole opened on the outer surface of the discharge sleeve, and a conical head disposed on the inner wall of the top of the discharge sleeve and at one side edge of the discharge hole.

[0008] Preferably, a second support column is fixedly connected to the top inner wall of the seeding sleeve and to the two sides of the small hydraulic pump. A limiting sleeve is fixedly connected to one end of the second support column, and the bottom surface of the limiting sleeve is fixedly connected to the top surface of the positioning snap plate.

[0009] Preferably, a limiting plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the output end of the small hydraulic pump, the outer surface of the limiting plate is movably sleeved on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve, and an elastic strip is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped extrusion plate.

[0010] Preferably, a differentiation guide tube is provided on the outer surface of the sowing sleeve, one end of the differentiation guide tube is detachably installed on one end of the pull-out shrink tube, a limit rod is provided on the outer surface of the rolling roller, a collection cylinder is fixedly connected to one end of the limit rod, and a sealing cover is provided on the outer surface of the collection cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, a hydraulic rod is fixedly installed on the top outer surface of the mobile frame, and a support column is fixedly connected to both sides of the mobile frame.

[0012] Preferably, a swing arm is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the first support column, one end of the swing arm is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the limit rod, and a limit shaft is provided on the output end of the first hydraulic rod.

[0013] Preferably, the outer surface of the limiting shaft is movably sleeved on the outer surface of one end of the swing arm, and a loosening screen plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mobile frame.

[0014] Preferably, a hydraulic rod two is fixedly installed on the top surface of the mobile frame, and a C-shaped support frame is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod two. Limiting arm plates are provided on the bottom surfaces of both ends of the C-shaped support frame.

[0015] Preferably, a motor is provided on the outer surface of the limiting arm plate, a rotating disk is fixedly installed on the output end of the motor, and a swing pull arm is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating disk.

[0016] Preferably, the other end of the swing pull arm is movably sleeved with a soil-disintegrating sieve plate, and a limit hook is fixedly connected to the top surface of the soil-disintegrating sieve plate, with the inner wall of the limit hook movably overlapping the top surface of the soil-disintegrating sieve plate.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The automatic cotton seeder of the present invention uses a mobile frame to transport compaction rollers. The compaction rollers perform simple compaction on the loose soil, making the compacted soil less prone to deformation and allowing the internal pores to retain their original plasticity. The seeding sleeve is inserted into the soil under the rotation of the compaction rollers, creating a hole in the compacted soil, which facilitates the subsequent filling and sowing of seeds. 2. The automatic cotton seeder of the present invention, when the seeding sleeve is inserted into the soil, four arc-shaped extrusion plates are inserted into the soil, so that the arc-shaped extrusion plates form a conical groove inside the soil. After the arc-shaped extrusion plates are inserted, a small hydraulic pump pushes the conical extrusion plate. As the conical extrusion plate descends, it pushes and expands the arc-shaped extrusion plate, thereby increasing the size of the groove. At this time, the length of the arc-shaped extrusion plate can be used to control the depth inside the soil, so that the subsequent seeds are kept at approximately the same depth. 3. In the automatic cotton seeder of the present invention, when the conical extrusion block descends, it will drive the material discharge sleeve to move downward at one end of the pull-and-shrink tube. At this time, the seeds inside the pull-and-shrink tube will be loosened due to the pull of the material discharge sleeve, and the conical head will further process the falling seeds. The falling seeds will then be sprinkled out through the discharge hole, allowing the seeds to enter the slot. 4. In the automatic cotton seeder of the present invention, when the small hydraulic pump is lowered and extended, the limiting plate on the outer surface of the output end of the small hydraulic pump slides vertically down on the outer surface of the limiting sleeve, so that when the arc-shaped extrusion plate penetrates into the soil, it will not tilt, thereby affecting the position and depth of the seed falling, so that the depth inside the groove can always maintain the vertical and the same depth. 5. The automatic cotton seeder of the present invention, in conjunction with two hydraulic rods, lowers a pair of C-shaped support frames, allowing the soil-loosening screen plates to penetrate into the soil. As the moving frame moves forward, the loosening screen plates break down and push some soil layers protruding from the soil surface, roughly pushing the soil into the slots. This allows the scattered soil to adhere evenly to the seed surface, keeping the seed surface in a loose soil state. The motor rotates the rotating disc, which in turn drives the swinging pull-out arm on the outer surface of the disc to move the soil-loosening screen plates back and forth on the surface of the loosening screen plates. When the two soil-loosening screen plates interweave, they loosen the surface soil and the soil layer previously compacted by the arc-shaped extrusion plate inside the slots. The scattered soil covers the seed surface, achieving the effect of loosening the soil. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the side of the mobile vehicle frame in this invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional view of the material collecting cylinder in this invention; Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the rolling roller in this invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded perspective view of the C-type support frame in this invention; Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view and exploded perspective view of the seeding sleeve in this invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the blanking sleeve in this invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 11. Mobile frame; 111. Support column one; 112. Swing arm; 113. Limiting shaft; 114. Hydraulic rod one; 115. Loosening screen plate; 12. C-shaped support frame; 121. Hydraulic rod two; 122. Limiting arm plate; 123. Motor; 124. Rotary disc; 125. Swinging pull-out arm; 126. Differentiating screen plate; 127. Limiting hook; 13. Collecting cylinder; 131. Limiting rod; 132. Compactor roller; 133. Differentiation guide pipe; 134. Sealing cover; 14. Seeding sleeve; 141. Small hydraulic pump; 142. Limiting plate; 143. Support column two; 144. Limiting sleeve; 145. Positioning snap plate; 146. Arc-shaped extrusion plate; 147. Conical extrusion block; 148. Elastic strip; 149. Discharge sleeve; a1. Conical head; a2. Discharge hole; a3. Pull-out shrink tube. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an automatic cotton seeder according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a mobile frame 11 and a roller 132 disposed on the outer surface of one end of the mobile frame 11. A seeding sleeve 14 is detachably mounted on the outer surface of the roller 132. A small hydraulic pump 141 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the top of the seeding sleeve 14. A conical extrusion block 147 is fixedly connected to the output end of the small hydraulic pump 141. A positioning clamping plate 145 is disposed on the outer surface of the output end of the small hydraulic pump 141. An arc-shaped extrusion plate 146 is oscillatingly connected to the side surface. The outer surface of the conical extrusion block 147 is movably overlapped with the inner wall of the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146. A discharge sleeve 149 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the conical extrusion block 147 and at the two side edges. A pull-out shrink tube a3 is movably sleeved on the top inner wall of the discharge sleeve 149. A discharge hole a2 is opened on the outer surface of the discharge sleeve 149. A conical head a1 is provided on the top inner wall of the discharge sleeve 149 and at one side edge of the discharge hole a2. A differentiation guide pipe 133 is provided on the outer surface of the seeding sleeve 14. One end of the differentiation guide pipe 133 is detachably installed on one end of the pull-out shrink tube a3. A limit rod 131 is provided on the outer surface of the rolling roller 132. A collection cylinder 13 is fixedly connected to one end of the limit rod 131. A sealing cover 134 is provided on the outer surface of the collection cylinder 13.

[0023] The mobile frame 11 is used to transport the compaction roller 132. At this time, the compaction roller 132 is used to perform simple compaction on the loose soil, so that the compacted soil is not easily deformed and the internal pores can maintain their original plasticity. At this time, the sowing sleeve 14 is inserted into the soil under the rotation of the compaction roller 132, creating a hole in the compacted soil, which facilitates the subsequent filling and sowing of seeds. When the sowing sleeve 14 is inserted into the soil, four arc-shaped extrusion plates 146 are also inserted into the soil, forming a conical groove inside the soil. After the arc-shaped extrusion plates 146 are inserted, a small hydraulic pump 141 pushes the conical extrusion block 147. As the conical extrusion block 147 descends, it pushes and expands the arc-shaped extrusion plates 146, thereby increasing the size of the groove. At this time, the length of the arc-shaped extrusion plates 146 can be used to control the depth inside the soil, thus ensuring that the subsequent seeds are kept at approximately the same depth. When the conical extrusion block 147 descends, it will drive the material discharge sleeve 149 to move downward at one end of the pull-and-shrink tube a3. At this time, the seeds inside the pull-and-shrink tube a3 will be loosened by the pull of the material discharge sleeve 149, and the conical head a1 will separate the falling seeds. The falling seeds will then be scattered out through the discharge hole a2, so that the seeds can enter the slot. When the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146 penetrates into the soil, during sowing, the cotton seeds inside the collection cylinder 13 are fed into the pull-out shrink tube a3 by the differentiation guide tube 133 on the outer surface of the collection cylinder 13. This keeps the pull-out shrink tube a3 in a state of filling and extrusion, which facilitates the effective discharge of cotton seeds through the discharge hole a2 under extrusion.

[0024] like Figure 6 As shown, a second support column 143 is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the seeding sleeve 14 and to the two sides of the small hydraulic pump 141. A limiting sleeve 144 is fixedly connected to one end of the second support column 143. The bottom surface of the limiting sleeve 144 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the positioning snap plate 145. A limiting plate 142 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the output end of the small hydraulic pump 141. The outer surface of the limiting plate 142 is movably sleeved on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve 144. An elastic strip 148 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146.

[0025] When the small hydraulic pump 141 descends and extends, the limiting plate 142 on the outer surface of the output end of the small hydraulic pump 141 slides vertically down on the outer surface of the limiting sleeve 144, so that when the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146 penetrates into the soil, it will not tilt, thereby affecting the position and depth of the seed falling, so that the depth inside the groove can always maintain the vertical and the same depth. After the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146 leaves a hole in the soil, the conical extrusion block 147 moves up from the bottom of the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146. Under the elastic pull of the elastic strip 148, the four arc-shaped extrusion plates 146 can close together and move out from the soil under the rotation of the rolling roller 132, so that a compacted hole is left in the soil.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 2 and Figure 5As shown, a hydraulic rod 121 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the mobile frame 11. A C-shaped support frame 12 is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod 121. Limiting arm plates 122 are provided on the bottom surfaces of both ends of the C-shaped support frame 12. A motor 123 is provided on the outer surface of the limiting arm plate 122. A rotating disk 124 is fixedly installed on the output end of the motor 123. A swinging pull arm 125 is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating disk 124. A separating screen plate 126 is movably sleeved on the other end of the swinging pull arm 125. A limiting hook 127 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the separating screen plate 126. The inner wall of the limiting hook 127 movably overlaps the top surface of the loosening screen plate 115.

[0027] The C-shaped support frame 12 is lowered by the hydraulic rod 121, and the soil separation sieve plate 126 is inserted into the soil. As the moving frame 11 moves forward, the loosening sieve plate 115 is used to separate and push some soil layers that protrude on the soil surface, and push the soil roughly into the groove. This allows the scattered soil to adhere evenly to the surface of the seeds, keeping the seed surface in a loose soil state. The motor 123 rotates the rotating disk 124, which in turn drives the swing pull arm 125 on the outer surface of the rotating disk 124 to move the differentiation screen plate 126 back and forth on the surface of the loosening screen plate 115. When the two differentiation screen plates 126 are interlaced, the surface soil is loosened and the soil layer that was originally compacted by the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146 inside the slot is also loosened. The soil that falls down will cover the seed surface and loosen the soil.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, a hydraulic rod 114 is fixedly installed on the top outer surface of the mobile frame 11, and support columns 111 are fixedly connected to both sides of the mobile frame 11. A swing arm 112 is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the support column 111. One end of the swing arm 112 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the limit rod 131. A limit shaft 113 is provided on the output end of the hydraulic rod 114. The outer surface of the limit shaft 113 is movably sleeved on the outer surface of one end of the swing arm 112. A loosening screen plate 115 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the mobile frame 11.

[0029] When dealing with different seeds, the hydraulic rod 114 is used to press down one end of the swing arm 112. At this time, the support column 111 limits the swing arm 112, so that the swing arm 112 lifts and tilts the rolling roller 132, thereby shortening the distance between the sowing sleeve 14 and the soil, thus shortening the depth of each piercing of the soil.

[0030] Working principle: The rolling roller 132 is transported by the mobile frame 11. At this time, the rolling roller 132 performs simple compaction on the loose soil, making the compacted soil less prone to deformation and allowing the internal pores to maintain their original plasticity. Then, the sowing sleeve 14 is inserted into the soil under the rotation of the rolling roller 132, creating a hole in the compacted soil, which facilitates the subsequent filling and sowing of seeds. When the sowing sleeve 14 is inserted into the soil, four arc-shaped extrusion plates 146 are also inserted into the soil, forming a conical groove inside the soil. After the arc-shaped extrusion plates 146 are inserted, a small hydraulic pump 141 pushes the conical extrusion block 147. As the conical extrusion block 147 descends, it pushes and expands the arc-shaped extrusion plates 146, thereby increasing the size of the groove. At this time, the length of the arc-shaped extrusion plates 146 can be used to control the depth inside the soil, thus ensuring that the subsequent seeds are kept at approximately the same depth. When the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146 penetrates into the soil, during sowing, the cotton seeds inside the collection cylinder 13 are fed into the pull-out shrink tube a3 by the differentiation guide tube 133 on the outer surface of the collection cylinder 13. This keeps the pull-out shrink tube a3 in a state of filling and extrusion, which makes it easier for the cotton seeds to be effectively discharged through the discharge hole a2 under the extrusion. When the conical extrusion block 147 descends, it will drive the material discharge sleeve 149 to move downward at one end of the pull-and-shrink tube a3. At this time, the seeds inside the pull-and-shrink tube a3 will be loosened by the pull of the material discharge sleeve 149, and the conical head a1 will separate the falling seeds. The falling seeds will then be scattered out through the discharge hole a2, so that the seeds can enter the slot. When the small hydraulic pump 141 descends and extends, the limiting plate 142 on the outer surface of the output end of the small hydraulic pump 141 slides vertically down on the outer surface of the limiting sleeve 144, so that when the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146 penetrates into the soil, it will not tilt, thereby affecting the position and depth of the seed falling, so that the depth inside the groove can always maintain the vertical and the same depth. After the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146 leaves a hole in the soil, the conical extrusion block 147 moves up from the bottom of the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146. Under the elastic pull of the elastic strip 148, the four arc-shaped extrusion plates 146 can close together and move out from the soil under the rotation of the rolling roller 132, so that a compacted hole can be left in the soil. The C-shaped support frame 12 is lowered by the hydraulic rod 121, and the soil separation sieve plate 126 is inserted into the soil. As the moving frame 11 moves forward, the loosening sieve plate 115 is used to separate and push some soil layers that protrude on the soil surface, and push the soil roughly into the groove. This allows the scattered soil to adhere evenly to the surface of the seeds, keeping the seed surface in a loose soil state. The motor 123 rotates the rotating disk 124, which in turn drives the swing pull arm 125 on the outer surface of the rotating disk 124 to move the differentiation screen plate 126 back and forth on the surface of the loosening screen plate 115. When the two differentiation screen plates 126 are interlaced, the surface soil is loosened and the soil layer that was originally compacted by the arc-shaped extrusion plate 146 inside the slot is also loosened. The soil that falls down will cover the seed surface and loosen the soil.

[0031] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatic cotton seeder, comprising a movable frame (11) and a pressing roller (132) disposed on the outer surface of one end of the movable frame (11), and a seeding sleeve (14) detachably mounted on the outer surface of the pressing roller (132), characterized in that: A small hydraulic pump (141) is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the top of the seeding sleeve (14). A conical extrusion block (147) is fixedly connected to the output end of the small hydraulic pump (141). A positioning snap plate (145) is provided on the outer surface of the output end of the small hydraulic pump (141). An arc-shaped extrusion plate (146) is oscillatingly connected to the outer surface of the positioning snap plate (145). The outer surface of the conical extrusion block (147) movably overlaps the arc-shaped extrusion block. On the inner wall of the plate (146), a material discharge sleeve (149) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the conical extrusion block (147) and at the two side edges. A pull-out shrink tube (a3) ​​is movably sleeved on the top inner wall of the material discharge sleeve (149). A discharge hole (a2) is opened on the outer surface of the material discharge sleeve (149). A conical head (a1) is provided on the top inner wall of the material discharge sleeve (149) and at one side edge of the discharge hole (a2).

2. The automatic cotton seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: Support column 2 (143) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the seeding sleeve (14) and to the two sides of the small hydraulic pump (141). A limiting sleeve (144) is fixedly connected to one end of the support column 2 (143). The bottom surface of the limiting sleeve (144) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the positioning snap plate (145).

3. The automatic cotton seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: A limiting plate (142) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the output end of the small hydraulic pump (141). The outer surface of the limiting plate (142) is movably sleeved on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve (144). An elastic strip (148) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped extrusion plate (146).

4. The automatic cotton seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that: A differentiation guide pipe (133) is provided on the outer surface of the seeding sleeve (14). One end of the differentiation guide pipe (133) is detachably installed on one end of the pull-out shrink tube (a3). A limit rod (131) is provided on the outer surface of the rolling roller (132). A collection cylinder (13) is fixedly connected to one end of the limit rod (131). A sealing cover (134) is provided on the outer surface of the collection cylinder (13).

5. The automatic cotton seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that: A hydraulic rod (114) is fixedly installed on the top outer surface of the mobile frame (11), and a support column (111) is fixedly connected to both sides of the mobile frame (11).

6. The automatic cotton seeder according to claim 5, characterized in that: A swing arm (112) is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the support column (111). One end of the swing arm (112) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the limit rod (131). A limit shaft (113) is provided on the output end of the hydraulic rod (114).

7. The automatic cotton seeder according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer surface of the limiting shaft (113) is movably sleeved on the outer surface of one end of the swing arm (112), and a loosening sieve plate (115) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the moving frame (11).

8. The automatic cotton seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that: A hydraulic rod two (121) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the mobile frame (11). A C-shaped support frame (12) is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic rod two (121). Limiting arm plates (122) are provided on the bottom surfaces of both ends of the C-shaped support frame (12).

9. An automatic cotton seeder according to claim 8, characterized in that: A motor (123) is provided on the outer surface of the limiting arm plate (122), and a rotating disk (124) is fixedly installed on the output end of the motor (123). A swing pull arm (125) is movably sleeved on the outer surface of the rotating disk (124).

10. An automatic cotton seeder according to claim 9, characterized in that: The other end of the swing pull arm (125) is movably sleeved with a soil separation sieve plate (126), and a limit hook (127) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the soil separation sieve plate (126). The inner wall of the limit hook (127) is movably overlapped on the top surface of the loosening sieve plate (115).

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