Transplanting hole drilling and seedling dropping device and adjusting method

Abstract

The application discloses a transplanting, hole-punching and seedling-throwing device and an adjusting method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The device comprises a driving motor, an inner and outer duckbill, a reciprocating screw rod, an eccentric connecting block, a hole-punching device, a gear transmission mechanism and a rack. The coaxial structure of the outer duckbill rotating to punch a hole and the inner duckbill being fixed to protect seedlings is adopted, the independent and accurate opening and closing of the inner and outer duckbills are realized through the reciprocating screw rod and the torsional spring, and the whole rotation of the outer duckbill realizes clay self-cleaning. Through multiple ingenious designs, the application realizes one-time operation of multiple actions, significantly improves the transplanting efficiency, and makes the function diversified through the composite use of one component, so that the structure is more simple and compact, and the use cost is lower. In addition, through reasonable design, the soil removal operation in the transplanting process is conducted throughout the processes of seedling taking, hole punching and seedling throwing, and is not conducted separately, so that the operation efficiency is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to an integrated device for drilling and inserting seedlings for transplanting seedlings in pots, and its adjustment method. Background Technology

[0002] Transplanting seedlings in pots is a key step in modern agricultural seedling cultivation. Currently, the mainstream transplanting mechanisms include chain clamp type, hanging cup type, flexible disc type, seedling guide tube type and duckbill type, etc. At present, the hole-drilling mechanism and the seedling placement mechanism are separated, and the process is carried out step by step. This process is slow, the equipment is large, the efficiency is low, and the operating cost is high.

[0003] While existing integrated transplanting mechanisms achieve coaxial operation of drilling and seedling placement, they still suffer from problems such as coupling of internal and external beak movements, limited anti-sticking effect, and insufficient protection for potted seedlings, failing to meet the demands for efficient, high-survival-rate, and highly adaptable large-scale transplanting. Furthermore, this structure makes it difficult to integrate seedling removal operations; therefore, a separate seedling removal mechanism must be designed to integrate with this structure, and achieving coordination of these movements remains challenging. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a transplanting hole-drilling and seedling-placing device and adjustment method that is compact in structure, highly efficient in linkage, precise in seedling protection, self-cleaning and anti-sticking, and modularly adjustable, in order to solve the problems of redundant processes, low transplanting efficiency, and high coordination difficulty caused by the lack of a seedling-picking mechanism in existing transplanting equipment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, one of the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A transplanting and seedling-drilling device includes a seedling-picking mechanism, a drilling mechanism, and a seedling-dispensing mechanism. The seedling-picking mechanism includes a frame, a support plate, and an inner beak. Two rotating shafts are arranged parallel to each other on the frame, passing through the frame. An eccentric connecting block is provided on one side of each shaft, and a driven sprocket is provided on the other side. One end of each eccentric connecting block is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft, and the other end is rotatably connected to the support plate via a bearing. The two driven sprockets are connected by a driven chain, one of which is connected to a driving chain. The driving chain is connected to a driving sprocket, which is connected to the main shaft of a seedling-picking motor. The inner beak is fixed to the support plate.

[0007] The punching mechanism includes an outer duckbill disposed outside the inner duckbill, an inner cylinder fixed to a support plate, and an outer cylinder rotatably fixed to the inner cylinder. A driven gear ring is sleeved on the outside of the outer cylinder and meshes with a driving gear. The driving gear is fixed on the main shaft of a punching motor on the support plate.

[0008] The seedling feeding mechanism includes a seedling feeding motor fixed to a support plate, a reciprocating lead screw fixed to the motor spindle, a lead screw nut connector threaded to the reciprocating lead screw, and a disc fixedly disposed at the bottom of the lead screw nut connector. The disc is coaxially disposed between the inner and outer beaks. The lower end of the disc is provided with a drive mechanism for opening the outer beak, and the upper end of the disc is provided with an expansion mechanism for opening the inner beak.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer duckbill includes a fixed cylinder and a conical cylinder formed by combining two arc-shaped blocks that are rotatably disposed with the fixed cylinder. The driving mechanism includes a left connecting block and a right connecting block. One end of the left connecting block and the right connecting block are respectively hinged to an arc-shaped block, and the other ends of the left connecting block and the right connecting block are hinged to each other. A roller is provided at the top of the hinge that rolls in contact with the bottom surface of the disc.

[0010] Furthermore, a locking mechanism is provided between the fixed cylinder and the support plate. The locking mechanism includes a support rod fixed to the outer wall of the fixed cylinder and a support platform fixed to the support plate, as well as a support block provided on the support plate. The support block is provided with a threaded rod, a clamping block, and an arc-shaped locking part. The distal end of the support rod is in contact with the support platform.

[0011] Furthermore, a reset element is provided between the two arc-shaped blocks.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner duckbill includes an upper fixed cylinder and a lower conical cylinder formed by combining two semi-arc blocks that are rotatably disposed with the upper fixed cylinder. The expansion mechanism includes a support block fixed to the disc. The far end of the support block has a left expansion block and a right expansion block that rotate. The other ends of the left connecting block and the right connecting block are respectively hinged to the semi-arc blocks.

[0013] Furthermore, a return spring is provided between the two semi-arc blocks.

[0014] Furthermore, a rolling mechanism is provided between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. The rolling mechanism includes an upper bearing pressure plate and a lower bearing pressure plate arranged coaxially at intervals. Both the upper bearing pressure plate and the lower bearing pressure plate are hollow discs of equal diameter. Multiple connecting shafts are equidistantly arranged on the outer circumference between the two hollow discs. Rolling bearings are fixedly installed on the connecting shafts. A bearing limiting groove is provided on the inner wall of the outer duckbill.

[0015] The second aspect of this invention provides the following technical solution:

[0016] An adjustment method for the transplanting and seedling-planting device as described above includes the following steps:

[0017] (1) According to the specifications of the seedlings, adjust the reciprocating screw stroke through the screw motor to set the opening and closing size and speed of the inner duckbill;

[0018] (2) Adjust the eccentricity of the left and right eccentric connecting blocks and the right eccentric connecting block according to the planting row spacing and soil quality, and set the drilling depth and working width;

[0019] (3) Adjust the timing of the seedling-taking motor, the hole-drilling motor, and the seedling-dispensing motor to ensure accurate seedling dispensing after hole drilling is completed;

[0020] (4) The automatic cycle operation of seedling taking, hole drilling, seedling placement and soil removal is carried out.

[0021] Furthermore, during the cyclic operation, the outer duckbill continues to rotate continuously.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] 1) For the first time, through the combined design of seedling picking mechanism, hole-drilling mechanism and seedling placement mechanism, the combined operation of seedling picking, hole-drilling, seedling placement and soil removal was realized, achieving efficient transplanting;

[0024] 2) The seedling taking mechanism of the present invention achieves horizontal movement on the one hand to facilitate seedling taking, and also realizes lifting movement on the other hand to provide space for drilling. In fact, it is also part of drilling. That is, the seedling taking mechanism and the drilling mechanism of the present invention are independent of each other, but also interconnected and complementary.

[0025] 3) The seedling feeding mechanism of the present invention achieves simultaneous opening of the inner and outer duckbills through a combined mechanical structure of a single motor, saving the structural cost of a separate control structure;

[0026] 4) This invention achieves the drilling operation through a rolling mechanism, and can also achieve soil removal when drilling is not required;

[0027] 5) The present invention maintains rotation by using an external duckbill, thus ensuring the continuous operation of soil removal.

[0028] In summary, this invention achieves multi-action one-time operation through several ingenious designs, significantly improving transplanting efficiency. Furthermore, the use of a single component makes the functions more diverse, the structure more concise and compact, and the operating cost lower. In addition, through reasonable design, this invention integrates the soil removal operation into the seedling picking, hole drilling, and seedling placement process, without performing it separately, thereby further improving operational efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0030] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram from a first-person perspective of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2: A schematic diagram of the second perspective of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 : A schematic diagram of the invention from a third-person perspective;

[0033] Figure 4 : A schematic diagram of the fourth perspective of this invention;

[0034] Figure 5 : A schematic diagram of the fifth perspective of this invention;

[0035] Figure 6 : Figure 5 Sectional view along direction AA;

[0036] Figure 7 : Schematic diagram of the seedling feeding mechanism with an internal duckbill;

[0037] Figure 8 : A schematic diagram of the rolling mechanism;

[0038] Figure 9 : A schematic diagram of the seedling feeding mechanism;

[0039] Figure 10 : Schematic diagram of the expansion mechanism;

[0040] Figure 11 : Schematic diagram of the drive mechanism.

[0041] Instruction manual drawing reference numerals:

[0042] 1-Seedling picking mechanism; 2-Drilling mechanism; 3-Seedling feeding mechanism; 4-Frame; 5-Support plate; 6-Inner beak; 7-Rotating shaft; 8-Eccentric connecting block; 9-Seedling picking motor; 10-Driven sprocket; 11-Driven chain; 12-Driven chain; 13-Driven sprocket; 14-Outer beak; 15-Inner cylinder; 16-Outer cylinder; 17-Driven gear ring; 18-Driven gear; 19-Drilling motor; 20-Bearing upper pressure plate; 21-Bearing lower pressure plate; 22- 23-Connecting shaft; 24-Rolling bearing; 25-Fixed cylinder; 26-Arc-shaped block; 27-Supporting rod; 28-Supporting platform; 29-Threaded rod; 30-Clamping block; 31-Seedling motor; 32-Reciprocating screw; 33-Screw nut connector; 34-Disc; 35-Drive mechanism; 36-Expansion mechanism; 37-Left connecting block; 38-Right connecting block; 39-Roller; 40-Supporting block; 41-Left expansion block; 42-Right expansion block. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0044] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0045] like Figure 1-11 As shown, one embodiment of the present invention is a transplanting and seedling placement device, which integrates three core mechanisms: seedling taking mechanism 1, hole making mechanism 2, and seedling placement mechanism 3. Through the coordinated linkage of each mechanism, the device achieves integrated continuous operation of seedling taking, hole making, seedling placement, and soil removal. The overall structure is compact and the action is precisely connected, which effectively improves the transplanting efficiency and survival rate of potted seedlings and is suitable for transplanting various soil types such as clay and loam and different sizes of potted seedlings.

[0046] I. Structure and Working Principle of the Seedling Retrieval Mechanism

[0047] The seedling-collecting mechanism provides horizontal seedling-collecting displacement and vertical lifting space for drilling and seedling-placing operations, and is the basis for realizing multi-action linkage. It includes a frame 4, a support plate 5, an inner duckbill 6, a rotating shaft 7, an eccentric connecting block 8, a sprocket drive assembly, and a seedling-collecting motor 9.

[0048] The frame serves as the load-bearing and installation foundation for the entire device. Two rotating shafts are parallel to each other on the frame. The rotating shafts are rotatably coupled to the frame and can rotate freely around their own axes. One end of the rotating shaft extends to the outside of the frame and is fixedly connected to an eccentric connecting block, while the other end extends to the other side of the frame and is fixedly connected to a driven sprocket 10. The driven sprockets on the two rotating shafts are connected by a driven chain 11 to achieve synchronous rotation of the two rotating shafts.

[0049] One of the rotating shafts has a driven sprocket meshing with a drive chain 12, and the end of the drive chain away from the driven sprocket meshing with a drive sprocket 13. The drive sprocket is coaxially fixed on the output main shaft of the seedling-picking motor 9. The seedling-picking motor is fixed on the frame and provides power for the movement of the seedling-picking mechanism. Through the sprocket transmission structure of "drive sprocket-drive chain-driven sprocket-driven chain", the two rotating shafts can rotate synchronously, in the same direction, and at the same speed.

[0050] The ends of the two eccentric connecting blocks furthest from the rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the upper surface of the support plate via bearings. When the rotating shaft drives the eccentric connecting blocks to rotate in a circle, the eccentric connecting blocks drive the support plate to perform a combined horizontal reciprocating movement and vertical lifting and lowering movement via the bearings: the horizontal movement enables precise seedling picking and positioning, and the vertical lifting and lowering provides space for the hole-drilling mechanism to drill holes in the soil, so that the seedling picking action and the hole-drilling action are seamlessly connected. The seedling picking mechanism also has the function of position adjustment in the early stage of hole drilling, realizing the combined use of the mechanism's functions.

[0051] The inner duckbill is fixed at the center of the lower surface of the support plate and moves synchronously with the support plate. The inner duckbill is the carrier and transport carrier of the seedlings in the pot. Its position is coaxial with the hole-drilling mechanism and the seedling-placing mechanism to ensure the accuracy of the path of the seedlings from seedling picking to seedling placement.

[0052] II. Structure and Working Principle of the Drilling Mechanism

[0053] The hole-drilling mechanism is fitted outside the inner duckbill and is fixedly connected to the support plate of the seedling-taking mechanism. It moves synchronously with the support plate and performs hole-drilling operations by rotating and cutting. It also has the function of removing soil. It includes an outer duckbill 14, an inner cylinder 15, an outer cylinder 16, a driven gear ring 17, a drive gear 18, a hole-drilling motor 19, and a rolling mechanism.

[0054] The inner and outer cylinders are fitted together: the upper end of the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the support plate, and the outer cylinder is fitted outside the inner cylinder. It rotates with the inner cylinder through a rolling mechanism, so that the outer cylinder can rotate freely around the axis of the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder, outer cylinder, inner beak, and outer beak are coaxially set to ensure the coaxiality of drilling and seedling placement.

[0055] Structure and function of the rolling mechanism: The rolling mechanism, located between the inner and outer cylinders, is the core component for achieving smooth rotation of the outer cylinder. It includes an upper bearing pressure plate 20, a lower bearing pressure plate 21, a connecting shaft 22, and rolling bearings 23. Both the upper and lower bearing pressure plates are hollow discs of equal diameter, coaxially and spacedly fixed to the outer wall of the inner cylinder. Multiple connecting shafts are equidistantly arranged on the outer circumference between the two hollow discs, each with a rolling bearing fixedly mounted on it. Correspondingly, a bearing limiting groove is formed on the inner wall of the outer cylinder, and the outer ring of the rolling bearing engages with the groove wall in a rolling fit. This rolling mechanism ensures the smoothness and coaxiality of the outer cylinder's rotation around the inner cylinder, reduces rotational friction between the inner and outer cylinders, and provides radial support for the outer cylinder, preventing it from shifting during drilling.

[0056] Power drive of the outer cylinder: A driven gear ring is fixedly sleeved on the upper part of the outer wall of the outer cylinder, and a drilling motor is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the support plate. The output spindle of the drilling motor faces downward and the driving gear is fixed coaxially. The driving gear and the driven gear ring mesh with each other. After the drilling motor starts, the power is transmitted to the outer cylinder through the gear transmission structure of "driving gear-driven gear ring", which drives the outer cylinder to rotate at high speed around the inner cylinder. The gear transmission ratio is precise and the power loss is small, which meets the torque requirements of the drilling operation.

[0057] Structure and drilling action of the outer duckbill: The outer duckbill is fixed at the lower end of the outer cylinder and rotates synchronously with the outer cylinder. The outer duckbill includes a fixed cylinder 24, two arc-shaped blocks 25, and a reset component. The upper end of the fixed cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the outer cylinder. The two arc-shaped blocks are spliced ​​to form a conical cylinder structure. The upper end of the arc-shaped blocks and the lower end of the fixed cylinder can be flipped and hinged. A reset component (preferably a torsion spring or tension spring) is set between the two arc-shaped blocks. The reset component provides a closing elastic force for the arc-shaped blocks, so that the outer duckbill remains in a closed conical cylinder state under normal conditions, which is convenient for rotating and drilling holes in the soil.

[0058] In this embodiment, to ensure structural stability during the operation of the inner duckbill, a locking mechanism is provided between the fixed cylinder and the support plate. This mechanism includes a support rod 26, a support platform 27, a support block 28, a threaded rod 29, and a clamping block 30. One end of the support rod is fixed to the outer wall of the fixed cylinder, and the other end abuts against the support platform fixed to the lower surface of the support plate, achieving initial radial positioning of the outer duckbill. The support block is fixed to the lower surface of the support plate, and a threaded rod is threaded through the support block. One end of the threaded rod extends to the outside of the support block and is fixedly connected to the clamping block. The clamping block has an arc-shaped locking portion on the side facing the support rod. Rotating the threaded rod can move the clamping block, causing the arc-shaped locking portion to clamp the support rod, thus locking and fixing the inner duckbill.

[0059] Similarly, to prevent the outer duckbill from shifting or deforming due to soil resistance during drilling, a stabilizing mechanism is also provided on the outer duckbill, so that the outer duckbill remains in a more stable state during drilling operations.

[0060] III. Structure and Working Principle of the Seedling Dispensing Mechanism

[0061] The seedling feeding mechanism is fixed on the support plate and is coaxially set with the inner and outer beaks. It is driven by a seedling feeding motor to realize the synchronous and precise opening of the inner and outer beaks to complete the seedling feeding operation. There is no need to set up two separate control structures, which greatly simplifies the structure and reduces costs. It includes a seedling feeding motor 31, a reciprocating lead screw 32, a lead screw nut connector 33, a disc 34, a drive mechanism 35, and an expansion mechanism 36.

[0062] Power transmission and disc motion: The seedling motor is vertically fixed on the upper surface of the support plate. Its output main shaft passes downward through the support plate and is coaxially fixed with a reciprocating lead screw, which extends along the axis of the inner duckbill. A lead screw nut connector is threaded onto the reciprocating lead screw, and a disc is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lead screw nut connector. The disc is horizontally positioned and coaxially located in the gap between the inner and outer duckbills. After the seedling motor starts, it drives the reciprocating lead screw to rotate forward and backward. Through the threaded engagement between the lead screw and the nut, the lead screw nut connector and the disc move up and down in a linear motion along the axis of the reciprocating lead screw. The up and down movement of the disc provides power for the opening of the inner and outer duckbills.

[0063] The driving mechanism and the opening of the outer duckbill: The driving mechanism is located at the lower end of the disc and is used to drive the two arc-shaped blocks of the outer duckbill to flip open. It includes a left connecting block 37, a right connecting block 38, and a roller 39. One end of the left connecting block is hinged to the inner wall of one of the arc-shaped blocks of the outer duckbill, and one end of the right connecting block is hinged to the inner wall of the other arc-shaped block. The other ends of the left and right connecting blocks are hinged to each other. A roller is installed at the top of the hinge, and the upper end of the roller makes rolling contact with the lower surface of the disc. When the disc moves downward, the disc presses down on the hinge of the left and right connecting blocks through the roller, pushing the free ends of the two connecting blocks to open to both sides. This causes the two arc-shaped blocks of the outer duckbill to overcome the elastic force of the reset member and flip outward, opening the outer duckbill and exposing the prepared soil holes to provide a channel for the seedlings to fall. When the disc moves upward, the squeezing force on the roller disappears, and the two arc-shaped blocks automatically flip and close under the elastic force of the reset member, and the outer duckbill returns to its initial state.

[0064] Expansion mechanism and opening of the inner beak: The expansion mechanism is located at the upper end of the disc and is used to drive the inner beak to open, so that the seedlings in the pot can fall smoothly. The inner beak includes an upper fixed cylinder, two semi-circular blocks, and a return spring. The upper end of the upper fixed cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the support plate. The two semi-circular blocks are spliced ​​to form a lower conical cylinder structure. The upper end of the semi-circular blocks and the lower end of the upper fixed cylinder can be flipped and hinged. A return spring is set between the two semi-circular blocks. The return spring provides the semi-circular blocks with a closing elastic force, so that the inner beak remains closed under normal conditions, ensuring that the seedlings in the pot remain upright during the seedling removal and hole-drilling stages, and preventing them from falling.

[0065] The expansion mechanism includes a support block 40, a left expansion block 41, and a right expansion block 42 fixed to the upper surface of the disc. The far end of the support block is rotatably connected to the left and right expansion blocks. The free end of the left expansion block is hinged to the inner wall of one of the semi-circular blocks, and the free end of the right expansion block is hinged to the inner wall of the other semi-circular block. When the disc moves downward, it drives the support block to move downward synchronously. The support block pushes the free ends of the left and right expansion blocks to expand to both sides through the rotation connection point, thereby causing the two semi-circular blocks to overcome the elastic force of the return spring and flip outward, opening the inner beak. The seedling falls smoothly under its own weight and accurately falls into the soil hole after the outer beak opens. When the disc moves upward, the expansion force on the expansion blocks disappears, and the two semi-circular blocks automatically flip and close under the elastic force of the return spring. The inner beak returns to its initial state, preparing for the next seedling collection.

[0066] IV. Overall Coordinated Operation Process of Transplanting and Seedling Insertion Device

[0067] This invention achieves an integrated, cyclical operation of seedling collection, hole-drilling, seedling placement, and soil removal through the coordinated control of the seedling-collecting mechanism, hole-drilling mechanism, and seedling placement mechanism. Each action is seamlessly connected without redundancy, and the soil removal operation is integrated throughout the entire process, eliminating the need for a separate step. The specific operation flow is as follows:

[0068] Seedling Removal Stage: The seedling removal motor starts and drives the two rotating shafts to rotate synchronously through the sprocket drive. The eccentric connecting block drives the support plate to move horizontally, so that the inner beak is accurately moved to the seedling storage position, completing the seedling removal operation. At this time, both the inner and outer beaks are in the closed state, and the seedling is upright and supported in the inner beak.

[0069] Drilling stage: The seedling-taking motor continues to drive, and the eccentric connecting block drives the support plate to move vertically downward, simultaneously sending the outer and inner duckbill to the soil drilling position; at the same time, the drilling motor starts, driving the outer cylinder and outer duckbill to rotate at high speed. The closed outer duckbill rotates into the soil, and through rotational cutting, it drills regular holes in the soil, avoiding soil collapse caused by direct insertion drilling, and is suitable for compacted soil; during this stage, the locking mechanism remains locked to ensure the structural stability of the outer duckbill during drilling.

[0070] Seedling placement stage: After drilling holes, first rotate the threaded rod of the locking mechanism in the opposite direction to release the clamp on the support rod; then the seedling placement motor starts, driving the reciprocating screw to rotate, which drives the disc to move downward. The disc opens the outer beak through the lower drive mechanism and simultaneously opens the inner beak through the upper expansion mechanism. The seedling in the pot falls steadily under its own gravity and accurately falls into the drilled soil hole, completing the seedling placement; during this stage, the outer beak remains rotating.

[0071] Soil removal and repositioning stage: After the seedlings are placed, the seedling placement motor reverses its direction, causing the disc to move upward. The inner duckbill closes under the action of the repositioning spring, and the outer duckbill closes under the action of the repositioning component. At the same time, the seedling retrieval motor drives the support plate to rise vertically and reset horizontally, preparing for the next seedling retrieval. Throughout the entire operation, the outer duckbill remains in a rotating state driven by the hole-drilling motor. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation can quickly shake off the soil (especially clay) adhering to the inner and outer walls of the outer duckbill, achieving mechanical self-cleaning soil removal without manual cleaning. This effectively avoids mechanical blockage caused by soil adhesion and improves work efficiency.

[0072] V. Adjustment method of transplanting hole-drilling seedling device

[0073] To accommodate transplanting needs of seedlings in different sizes, with varying row spacing and soil types, this invention provides a corresponding device adjustment method. By precisely adjusting the parameters of each mechanism, the adaptability and accuracy of the transplanting operation are ensured. The specific adjustment steps are as follows:

[0074] Adjust the opening and closing parameters of the inner duckbill according to the specifications of the seedlings: Based on the specifications of the seedlings, such as plant diameter and height, adjust the number of rotations of the reciprocating screw through the seedling feeding motor, thereby adjusting the stroke of the reciprocating screw and setting the opening and closing size and speed of the inner duckbill; when the plant diameter of the seedling is large, increase the stroke of the reciprocating screw to make the opening and closing range of the inner duckbill larger, ensuring that the seedling falls smoothly; when the plant diameter of the seedling is small, decrease the stroke of the reciprocating screw to avoid the seedling shaking and deviating when falling. At the same time, adjust the opening and closing speed according to the hardness of the seedling to ensure that the seedling falls without damage.

[0075] Adjust the drilling parameters according to the planting row spacing and soil type: Adjust the eccentricity of the eccentric connecting blocks on the two rotating shafts according to the field planting row spacing requirements, change the horizontal movement distance of the support plate, and achieve precise adaptation of the planting row spacing; adjust the eccentricity of the eccentric connecting blocks according to the soil type (clay, loam, sandy soil) and degree of compaction to set the drilling depth. The drilling depth can be appropriately increased for clay and compacted soil, and appropriately decreased for sandy soil; at the same time, the speed of the drilling motor can be adjusted. Increase the speed for clay and compacted soil to enhance the rotational cutting ability, and decrease the speed for sandy soil to reduce soil disturbance.

[0076] Debugging the coordinated timing of the three motors: Through the motor control module, debug the start, stop, and speed timing of the seedling picking motor, hole-drilling motor, and seedling placement motor to ensure precise connection of the actions of each mechanism: After the seedling is picked up, the support plate accurately descends to the hole-drilling position. After the hole is drilled, the locking mechanism unlocks in time, the seedling placement mechanism moves synchronously, and after the seedling is placed, each mechanism resets in time. The hole-drilling motor keeps running throughout the process, so that the outer duckbill rotates continuously to remove the soil, ensuring accurate seedling placement after hole drilling, without seedling jamming, missing seedlings, or seedling placement deviation.

[0077] Entering automatic cycle operation: After completing all the above parameter adjustments and timing debugging, switch the device to automatic operation mode. The seedling picking mechanism, hole-drilling mechanism, and seedling placement mechanism operate in a cycle according to the process of "seedling picking → hole drilling → seedling placement → soil removal and repositioning". The entire process only requires manual replenishment of potted seedlings, greatly reducing manual intervention and realizing large-scale, mechanized potted seedling transplanting operations.

[0078] VI. Technical Effects of This Embodiment

[0079] The transplanting and seedling-planting device and adjustment method described in this embodiment achieve the following technical effects through the collaborative design and functional integration of multiple mechanisms:

[0080] The eccentric structure of the seedling picking mechanism enables a combined horizontal seedling picking and vertical lifting motion, and also has the function of adjusting the hole-drilling position, so that the seedling picking and hole-drilling mechanisms are independent yet complementary to each other, simplifying the overall structure.

[0081] The drilling mechanism adopts a rotary cutting method, combined with the rolling mechanism of the inner and outer cylinders, which results in high drilling shape and minimal soil disturbance. The outer duckbill rotates throughout the process to achieve self-cleaning and soil removal, making it suitable for various soil types such as clay.

[0082] The seedling feeding mechanism uses a seedling feeding motor to drive a composite mechanical structure, achieving synchronous and precise opening of the inner and outer duckbill, saving the cost of a separate control structure, and providing high seedling feeding accuracy without seedling jamming or leakage.

[0083] The soil removal operation is integrated throughout the entire process of seedling picking, hole making, and seedling placement, without the need for separate procedures. Moreover, the actions of each mechanism are seamlessly connected, greatly improving the efficiency of transplanting operations.

[0084] The parameters of the device can be flexibly adjusted according to the size of the seedlings, the planting row spacing, and the soil quality. It is highly adaptable and meets the needs of different field transplanting. At the same time, the overall structure is compact and highly modular, making it easy to disassemble and maintain.

[0085] Advantages of this embodiment compared to the prior art:

[0086] 1. Integrated hole-drilling and seedling placement: The process is closed-loop with no redundancy, the operation time per plant is short, and the transplanting efficiency is significantly improved.

[0087] 2. Rotary drilling + seedling fixation: The outer duckbill rotates and cuts to create regular holes that are not easy to collapse, while the inner duckbill fixes and protects the seedlings, greatly reducing the damage rate of potted seedlings and improving the survival rate.

[0088] 3. Independent control of inner and outer duckbill: The opening and closing sequence, stroke and speed are precisely adjustable, ensuring accurate seedling placement and preventing seedling jamming or leakage;

[0089] 4. Rotary self-cleaning and anti-clay: The external duckbill rotates to remove soil, eliminating the need for manual cleaning and making it suitable for paddy fields and clay hills in the south.

[0090] 5. High-efficiency and stable transmission: Gear meshing + eccentric connection structure, low power loss, smooth movement and compact structure;

[0091] 6. Modular, universal, and adjustable: Convenient to disassemble and maintain, adaptable to different pots, row spacing, and soil types, with strong expandability;

[0092] 7. Fully automated: Only manual seedling placement is required, reducing labor intensity and making it suitable for large-scale operations.

[0093] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transplanting and seedling-drilling device, characterized in that, The system includes a seedling-collecting mechanism, a hole-drilling mechanism, and a seedling-dispensing mechanism. The seedling-collecting mechanism comprises a frame, a support plate, and an inner beak. Two rotating shafts are arranged parallel to each other on the frame, passing through the frame. An eccentric connecting block is provided on one side of each shaft, and a driven sprocket is provided on the other side. One end of each eccentric connecting block is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft, and the other end is rotatably connected to the support plate via a bearing. The two driven sprockets are connected by a driven chain, one of which is connected to a driving chain. The driving chain is connected to a driving sprocket, which is connected to the main shaft of the seedling-collecting motor. The inner beak is fixed to the support plate. The punching mechanism includes an outer duckbill disposed outside the inner duckbill, an inner cylinder fixed to a support plate, and an outer cylinder rotatably fixed to the inner cylinder. A driven gear ring is sleeved on the outside of the outer cylinder and meshes with a driving gear. The driving gear is fixed on the main shaft of a punching motor on the support plate. The seedling feeding mechanism includes a seedling feeding motor fixed to a support plate, a reciprocating lead screw fixed to the motor spindle, a lead screw nut connector threaded to the reciprocating lead screw, and a disc fixedly disposed at the bottom of the lead screw nut connector. The disc is coaxially disposed between the inner and outer beaks. The lower end of the disc is provided with a drive mechanism for opening the outer beak, and the upper end of the disc is provided with an expansion mechanism for opening the inner beak.

2. The transplanting and seedling-planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer duckbill includes a fixed cylinder and a conical cylinder formed by combining two arc-shaped blocks that can be flipped together with the fixed cylinder. The driving mechanism includes a left connecting block and a right connecting block. One end of the left connecting block and the right connecting block are respectively hinged to an arc-shaped block, and the other ends of the left connecting block and the right connecting block are hinged to each other. A roller is provided at the top of the hinge that rolls in contact with the bottom surface of the disc.

3. The transplanting and seedling-planting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A reset element is provided between the two arc-shaped blocks.

4. The transplanting and seedling-planting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A locking mechanism is provided between the fixed cylinder and the support plate. The locking mechanism includes a support rod fixed to the outer wall of the fixed cylinder and a support platform fixed to the support plate, as well as a support block provided on the support plate. The support block is provided with a threaded rod, a locking block, and an arc-shaped locking part. The distal end of the support rod is in contact with the support platform.

5. The transplanting and seedling-planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner duckbill includes an upper fixed cylinder and a lower conical cylinder formed by combining two semi-arc blocks that are rotatably disposed with the upper fixed cylinder. The expansion mechanism includes a support block fixed to the disc. The far end of the support block has a left expansion block and a right expansion block that rotate. The other ends of the left and right connecting blocks are respectively hinged to the semi-arc blocks.

6. The transplanting and seedling-planting device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A return spring is provided between the two semi-circular blocks.

7. The transplanting and seedling-planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A rolling mechanism is also provided between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. The rolling mechanism includes an upper bearing pressure plate and a lower bearing pressure plate arranged coaxially at intervals. The upper bearing pressure plate and the lower bearing pressure plate are both hollow discs of the same diameter. Multiple connecting shafts are equidistantly arranged on the outer circumference between the two hollow discs. Rolling bearings are fixedly arranged on the connecting shafts. A bearing limiting groove is provided on the inner wall of the outer duckbill.

8. A method for adjusting the transplanting and seedling-planting device as described in claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) According to the specifications of the seedlings, adjust the reciprocating screw stroke through the screw motor to set the opening and closing size and speed of the inner duckbill; (2) Adjust the eccentricity of the left and right eccentric connecting blocks and the right eccentric connecting block according to the planting row spacing and soil quality, and set the drilling depth and working width; (3) Adjust the timing of the seedling-taking motor, the hole-drilling motor, and the seedling-dispensing motor to ensure accurate seedling dispensing after hole drilling is completed; (4) The automatic cycle operation of seedling taking, hole drilling, seedling placement and soil removal is carried out.

9. The adjustment method according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the cyclic operation, the outer duckbill continues to rotate.

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