Compound feed for lamb transition period and preparation method thereof
By using compound feed formulation and fermentation spraying technology, the problems of rumen development and intestinal health in lambs during the transition period were solved, resulting in a reduction in diarrhea rate and an improvement in growth performance, thus enhancing breeding efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LINYI ACADEMY OF AGRI SCI
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing lamb transitional feeds have limited effectiveness in promoting rumen development, regulating gut microbiota, and enhancing immunity, resulting in stunted growth, high diarrhea rates, and increased susceptibility to pathogens, thus impacting farming efficiency.
It adopts a compound feed formula containing energy raw materials, protein raw materials, roughage and functional additives. It is prepared through fermentation and spraying technology, and uses ingredients such as garlic peel, astaxanthin, and compound probiotics to build a healthy rumen and intestinal environment, promote rumen development and improve digestive capacity.
It significantly reduces diarrhea rate, promotes lamb growth performance, improves rumen health and microbiome development, enhances immunity, and improves the economic benefits of breeding.
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Figure CN122139866A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of animal feed technology, and relates to a compound feed for lambs during the transition period and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] After birth, a lamb's rumen is only 57% the size of its abomasum. Lambs aged 0-21 days have soft, small rumen papillae, an underdeveloped rumen microbiota, and poor tolerance to roughage, digesting food primarily in their abomasum and small intestine. However, the digestive juices in the abomasum and small intestine lack amylase, resulting in poor digestion of starchy substances. Excessive starch intake easily leads to diarrhea. At this stage, the mother's milk consumed by the lamb enters the abomasum directly through the esophagus for digestion. After 21 days of age, lambs begin to ruminate. With age and feed intake, the secretion of digestive enzymes gradually increases, enhancing their tolerance to roughage. Appropriate early supplementation with high-quality green fodder creates suitable nutritional conditions for the growth and reproduction of rumen microorganisms, rapidly establishing a healthy rumen microbiota and enhancing feed digestibility.
[0003] In recent years, large-scale sheep farming has developed rapidly. Among the various stages of sheep production, lambs are in a sensitive period of rearing. The lamb transition period is a critical stage for their transition from breastfeeding to solid feed. At this time, their organs are not fully developed, their immunity is poor, their adaptability is weak, and their microbial flora is unstable. They are prone to growth retardation and diarrhea due to feed stress, and are highly susceptible to pathogenic bacteria invasion, resulting in high mortality rates. Therefore, proper lamb feeding management is of great significance for reducing mortality and improving the economic benefits of sheep farming. However, traditional lamb starter feed mainly consists of easily digestible ingredients such as corn and soybean meal. While it provides basic nutrition, its functions in promoting healthy rumen development, regulating intestinal flora, and enhancing immunity are limited. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a compound feed for lambs during the transition period and its preparation method. This feed not only meets the nutritional needs of lambs, but also significantly promotes rumen development, improves their growth performance, and reduces the diarrhea rate of lambs during the transition period.
[0005] The present invention employs the following technical solutions to achieve the above objectives: A compound feed for lambs during the transition period mainly contains the following ingredients: 45-53 parts by weight of energy raw materials, 25-33 parts by weight of protein raw materials, 16-20 parts by weight of roughage, and 12.8-22.8 parts by weight of functional additives.
[0006] Specifically, The energy source contains 40-45 parts by weight of corn and 5-8 parts by weight of wheat bran; The protein raw material contains 20-25 parts by weight of puffed soybean flour and 5-8 parts by weight of fish meal; The roughage contains 8-10g of alfalfa and 8-10g of peanut vines; The functional additive contains 2-3 parts by weight of compound probiotics, 5-10 parts by weight of garlic peel, 3-5 parts by weight of corn silk, 1-1.5 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 0.5-0.8 parts by weight of fermented cordyceps powder, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, and 0.8-1.0 parts by weight of sodium chloride.
[0007] More preferably, the compound probiotic contains 1.0-1.5 parts by weight of Enterococcus lactis powder, 0.7-1.0 parts by weight of Bacillus coagulans powder, and 0.3-0.5 parts by weight of Candida tropicalis liquid.
[0008] More preferably, the effective viable count of the Enterococcus lactis powder is ≥ 1×10⁻⁶. 11 CFU / g, effective viable count of Bacillus coagulans powder ≥ 5×10 10 CFU / g, effective viable count of Candida tropicalis in culture ≥ 5×10 10 CFU / mL.
[0009] The compound feed of this invention may also contain other common minerals, trace elements and vitamins, including but not limited to phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, iodine, vitamins A, D, E and B complex.
[0010] This invention provides a method for preparing the compound feed, which mainly includes the following steps: Feed preparation: Step 1: Mix 32-36 parts by weight of corn flour, 4.0-6.4 parts by weight of wheat bran, 16-20 parts by weight of puffed soybean flour, 6.4-8 parts by weight of alfalfa hay powder, 6.4-8 parts by weight of peanut vine powder, 3-5 parts by weight of corn silk powder, and 5-10 parts by weight of garlic peel to obtain the fermentation substrate; mix the fermentation substrate with 0.3-0.5 parts by weight of Candida tropicalis liquid, and incubate at 25-28℃ for 1-1.5 days. After fermentation, dry the product in a ventilated place until the moisture content drops below 12% to obtain the fermentation mixture. Step 2: Mix the remaining 8-9 parts by weight of corn flour, 1.0-1.6 parts by weight of wheat bran, 4-5 parts by weight of puffed soybean flour, 1.6-2 parts by weight of alfalfa meal, and 1.6-2 parts by weight of peanut vine meal with the fermentation mixture. Then add 5-8 parts by weight of fish meal, 1-1.5 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 0.5-0.8 parts by weight of fermented cordyceps powder, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, and 0.8-1.0 parts by weight of sodium chloride. Add an appropriate amount of water to adjust the mixture and then feed it into a pellet mill to press it into pellets with a diameter of 3.0-4.0 mm. Step 3: Prepare a suspension by mixing 1.0-1.5 parts by weight of Enterococcus lactis powder and 0.7-1.0 parts by weight of Bacillus coagulans powder, and spray it onto the surface of the pellets, ensuring that the bacterial solution is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the pellets, thus obtaining the compound feed.
[0011] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention utilizes the natural antibacterial and antioxidant properties of garlic peel and astaxanthin, combined with the microecological regulatory effects of compound probiotics, to jointly construct a healthy rumen and intestinal environment for lambs during the transition period, effectively reducing their diarrhea rate during this period. Functional components such as astaxanthin, corn silk, and cordyceps powder can work together with probiotics to effectively stimulate the growth of rumen papillae and the expansion of rumen volume in lambs during the transition period, promoting healthy rumen development and laying a solid foundation for rapid fattening of lambs in the later stages.
[0012] This invention, during feed preparation, utilizes a pre-fermentation process to break down some large-molecule nutrients in corn, soybeans, etc., into smaller, more easily absorbed molecules. This reduces the digestive burden on lambs, improves feed utilization, and effectively enhances their growth performance. The dual-addition method of "fermentation + spraying" avoids the loss of probiotics during fermentation and ensures that the final product contains a high concentration of fully active probiotics. This significantly improves colonization success, rapidly establishes a rational microbial community, and enhances feed digestibility. Attached Figure Description Figure 1 Characterization of rumen tissue in different groups of lambs - 1; Figure 2 Characterization of rumen tissue in different groups of lambs - 2. Detailed Implementation
[0013] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. After reading the present invention, any modifications of the present invention in various equivalent forms by those skilled in the art will fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.
[0014] Example 1 Raw material preparation: After washing and drying the corn, alfalfa, peanut vines, corn silk, and garlic peels, grind them into powder and pass them through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain corn flour, alfalfa powder, peanut vine powder, corn silk powder, and garlic peel powder, respectively, they are ready for use. After activating the purchased Enterococcus lactis strain CGMCC 1.6401, it was inoculated into a seed culture medium containing 10.0 g casein peptone, 10.0 g beef extract, 5.0 g yeast extract, 5.0 g glucose, 5.0 g sodium acetate, 2.0 g diammonium citrate, 1.0 g Tween-80, 2.0 g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05 g manganese sulfate monohydrate, and 1.0 L distilled water, with a pH of 6.5–6.8. The medium was cultured at 37°C and 120 rpm for 5 days to obtain a seed culture. This seed culture was then inoculated at 10% of the total culture medium with the same formulation and cultured at 37°C. The fermentation broth was collected, spray-dried, and pulverized to obtain an effective viable count ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶. 11 Enterococcus lactis powder at CFU / g; After activating the purchased Bacillus coagulans strain CGMCC 1.10823, it was inoculated into a seed culture medium containing 10.0g casein peptone, 10.0g beef extract, 5.0g yeast extract, 5.0g glucose, 5.0g sodium acetate, 2.0g diammonium citrate, 1.0g Tween-80, 2.0g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05g manganese sulfate monohydrate, and 1.0L distilled water, with a pH of 6.5-6.8. The medium was cultured at 30℃ and 120 rpm for 5 days to obtain a seed culture. This seed culture was then inoculated at 10% of the total culture medium with the same formulation and cultured at 30℃. The fermentation broth was collected, spray-dried, and pulverized to obtain an effective viable count ≥ 5 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g of Bacillus coagulans powder; After activating the purchased strain of Candida tropicalis (CGMCC 2.2885), it was inoculated into a seed culture medium containing 10.0 g / L glucose, 3.0 g / L malt extract, and 3.0 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate at natural pH. The culture was then incubated at 25°C and 150 rpm for 3 days to obtain a seed culture. The seed culture was then inoculated at 10% into a fermentation medium with the same formulation as above and incubated at 25°C to obtain a Candida tropicalis culture with an effective viable count ≥ 5 × 10¹⁰ CFU / mL. Feed preparation: Step 1: Mix 32kg of corn flour, 6.4kg of wheat bran, 16kg of puffed soybean flour, 8kg of alfalfa hay powder, 6.4kg of peanut vine powder, 5kg of corn silk powder, and 5kg of garlic peel to obtain the fermentation substrate; mix the fermentation substrate with 0.3kg of Candida tropicalis liquid and incubate at 25℃ for 1.5 days. After fermentation, dry the product in a ventilated place until the moisture content is reduced to below 12% to obtain the fermentation mixture. Step 2: Mix the remaining 8 kg of corn flour, 1.6 kg of wheat bran, 4 kg of puffed soybean flour, 2 kg of alfalfa hay powder, and 1.6 kg of peanut vine powder with the above fermented mixture, then add 5 kg of fish meal, 1.5 kg of astaxanthin, 0.5 kg of fermented cordyceps powder, 1.5 kg of dicalcium phosphate, and 0.8 kg of sodium chloride. Add an appropriate amount of water to adjust the mixture and then feed it into a pellet mill to press it into pellets with a diameter of 4.0 mm. Step 3: Dissolve 1.5 kg of Enterococcus lactis powder and 0.7 kg of Bacillus coagulans powder in warm water at about 25°C to form a suspension, and spray it onto the surface of the above-mentioned granules to ensure that the bacterial solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the granules, thus obtaining the compound feed.
[0015] Example 2 Raw material preparation: Same as in Example 1.
[0016] Feed preparation: Step 1: Mix 36 kg of corn flour, 4.0 kg of wheat bran, 20 kg of puffed soybean flour, 6.4 kg of alfalfa hay powder, 8 kg of peanut vine powder, 3 kg of corn silk powder, and 10 kg of garlic peel to obtain the fermentation substrate; mix the fermentation substrate with 0.5 kg of Candida tropicalis liquid and incubate at 28℃ for 1 day. After fermentation, dry the product in a ventilated place until the moisture content is reduced to below 12% to obtain the fermentation mixture. Step 2: Mix the remaining 9 kg of corn flour, 1.0 kg of wheat bran, 5 kg of puffed soybean flour, 1.6 kg of alfalfa hay powder, and 2 kg of peanut vine powder with the above fermented mixture. Then add 8 kg of fish meal, 1 kg of astaxanthin, 0.8 kg of fermented cordyceps powder, 0.5 kg of dicalcium phosphate, and 1.0 kg of sodium chloride. Add an appropriate amount of water to adjust the mixture and send it into a pellet mill to press it into pellets with a diameter of 3.0 mm. Step 3: Dissolve 1.0 kg of Enterococcus lactis powder and 1.0 kg of Bacillus coagulans powder in warm water at about 25°C to form a suspension, and spray it onto the surface of the above-mentioned granules to ensure that the bacterial solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the granules, thus obtaining the compound feed.
[0017] Example 3 Raw material preparation: Same as in Example 1.
[0018] Feed preparation: Step 1: Mix 34 kg of corn flour, 5.0 kg of wheat bran, 18 kg of puffed soybean flour, 7 kg of alfalfa hay powder, 7 kg of peanut vine powder, 4 kg of corn silk powder, and 8 kg of garlic peel to obtain the fermentation substrate; mix the fermentation substrate with 0.4 kg of Candida tropicalis liquid and incubate at 28℃ for 1 day. After fermentation, dry the product in a ventilated place until the moisture content is reduced to below 12% to obtain the fermentation mixture. Step 2: Mix the remaining 9 kg of corn flour, 1.0 kg of wheat bran, 5 kg of puffed soybean flour, 2 kg of alfalfa hay powder, and 2 kg of peanut vine powder with the above fermented mixture. Then add 7 kg of fish meal, 1.2 kg of astaxanthin, 0.6 kg of fermented cordyceps powder, 1.0 kg of dicalcium phosphate, and 0.9 kg of sodium chloride. Add an appropriate amount of water to adjust the mixture and send it into a pellet mill to press it into pellets with a diameter of 3.0 mm. Step 3: Dissolve 1.3g of Enterococcus lactis powder and 0.9g of Bacillus coagulans powder in warm water at about 25°C to form a suspension, and spray it onto the surface of the above-mentioned granules to ensure that the bacterial solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the granules, thus obtaining the compound feed.
[0019] Comparative Example 1 Raw material preparation: After washing, drying, and crushing the corn, alfalfa hay, and peanut vines, pass them through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain corn flour, alfalfa hay powder, and peanut vine powder, respectively, for later use. After activating the purchased Bacillus coagulans strain CGMCC 1.10823, it was inoculated into a seed culture medium containing 10.0g casein peptone, 10.0g beef extract, 5.0g yeast extract, 5.0g glucose, 5.0g sodium acetate, 2.0g diammonium citrate, 1.0g Tween-80, 2.0g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05g manganese sulfate monohydrate, and 1.0L distilled water, with a pH of 6.5-6.8. The medium was cultured at 30℃ and 120 rpm for 5 days to obtain a seed culture. This seed culture was then inoculated at 10% of the total culture medium with the same formulation and cultured at 30℃. The fermentation broth was collected, spray-dried, and pulverized to obtain an effective viable count ≥ 5 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g of Bacillus coagulans powder; After activating the purchased strain of Candida tropicalis (CGMCC 2.2885), it was inoculated into a seed culture medium containing 10.0 g / L glucose, 3.0 g / L malt extract, and 3.0 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate at natural pH. The culture was then incubated at 25°C and 150 rpm for 3 days to obtain a seed culture. The seed culture was then inoculated at 10% into a fermentation medium with the same formulation as above and incubated at 25°C to obtain a Candida tropicalis culture with an effective viable count ≥ 5 × 10¹⁰ CFU / mL. Feed preparation: Step 1: Mix 32kg of corn flour, 6.4kg of wheat bran, 16kg of puffed soybean flour, 8kg of alfalfa hay powder, and 6.4kg of peanut vine powder to obtain the fermentation substrate; mix the fermentation substrate with 0.3kg of Candida tropicalis liquid and incubate at 25℃ for 1.5 days. After fermentation, dry the product in a ventilated place until the moisture content is reduced to below 12% to obtain the fermentation mixture. Step 2: Mix the remaining 8 kg of corn flour, 1.6 kg of wheat bran, 4 kg of puffed soybean flour, 2 kg of alfalfa hay powder, and 1.6 kg of peanut vine powder with the above fermented mixture, then add 5 kg of fish meal, 1.5 kg of astaxanthin, 0.5 kg of fermented cordyceps powder, 1.5 kg of dicalcium phosphate, and 0.8 kg of sodium chloride. Add an appropriate amount of water to adjust the mixture and then feed it into a pellet mill to press it into pellets with a diameter of 4.0 mm. Step 3: Dissolve 0.7 kg of Bacillus coagulans powder in warm water at about 25°C to form a suspension, and spray it onto the surface of the above-mentioned particles to ensure that the bacterial solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the particles, thus obtaining the compound feed.
[0020] Comparative Example 2 Raw material preparation: After washing and drying the corn, alfalfa, peanut vines, corn silk, and garlic peels, grind them into powder and pass them through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain corn flour, alfalfa powder, peanut vine powder, corn silk powder, and garlic peel powder, respectively, they are ready for use. After activating the purchased Enterococcus lactis strain CGMCC 1.6401, it was inoculated into a seed culture medium containing 10.0 g casein peptone, 10.0 g beef extract, 5.0 g yeast extract, 5.0 g glucose, 5.0 g sodium acetate, 2.0 g diammonium citrate, 1.0 g Tween-80, 2.0 g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05 g manganese sulfate monohydrate, and 1.0 L distilled water, with a pH of 6.5–6.8. The medium was cultured at 37°C and 120 rpm for 5 days to obtain a seed culture. This seed culture was then inoculated at 10% of the total culture medium with the same formulation and cultured at 37°C. The fermentation broth was collected, spray-dried, and pulverized to obtain an effective viable count ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶. 11 Enterococcus lactis powder at CFU / g; After activating the purchased strain of Candida tropicalis (CGMCC 2.2885), it was inoculated into a seed culture medium containing 10.0 g / L glucose, 3.0 g / L malt extract, and 3.0 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate at natural pH. The culture was then incubated at 25°C and 150 rpm for 3 days to obtain a seed culture. The seed culture was then inoculated at 10% into a fermentation medium with the same formulation as above and incubated at 25°C to obtain a Candida tropicalis culture with an effective viable count ≥ 5 × 10¹⁰ CFU / mL. Feed preparation: Step 1: Mix 32kg of corn flour, 6.4kg of wheat bran, 16kg of puffed soybean flour, 8kg of alfalfa hay powder, 6.4kg of peanut vine powder, 5kg of corn silk powder, and 5kg of garlic peel to obtain the fermentation substrate; mix the fermentation substrate with 0.3kg of Candida tropicalis liquid and incubate at 25℃ for 1.5 days. After fermentation, dry the product in a ventilated place until the moisture content is reduced to below 12% to obtain the fermentation mixture. Step 2: Mix the remaining 8 kg of corn flour, 1.6 kg of wheat bran, 4 kg of puffed soybean flour, 2 kg of alfalfa hay powder, and 1.6 kg of peanut vine powder with the above fermented mixture, then add 5 kg of fish meal, 1.5 kg of dicalcium phosphate, and 0.8 kg of sodium chloride. Add an appropriate amount of water to adjust the mixture and then feed it into a pellet mill to press it into pellets with a diameter of 4.0 mm. Step 3: Dissolve 1.5 kg of Enterococcus lactis powder in warm water at about 25°C to form a suspension, and spray it onto the surface of the above-mentioned granules to ensure that the bacterial solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the granules, thus obtaining the compound feed.
[0021] Comparative Example 3 Raw material preparation: After washing, drying, and crushing the corn, alfalfa hay, and peanut vines, pass them through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain corn flour, alfalfa hay powder, and peanut vine powder, respectively, for later use. After activating the purchased Enterococcus lactis strain CGMCC 1.6401, it was inoculated into a seed culture medium containing 10.0 g casein peptone, 10.0 g beef extract, 5.0 g yeast extract, 5.0 g glucose, 5.0 g sodium acetate, 2.0 g diammonium citrate, 1.0 g Tween-80, 2.0 g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05 g manganese sulfate monohydrate, and 1.0 L distilled water, with a pH of 6.5–6.8. The medium was cultured at 37°C and 120 rpm for 5 days to obtain a seed culture. This seed culture was then inoculated at 10% of the total culture medium with the same formulation and cultured at 37°C. The fermentation broth was collected, spray-dried, and pulverized to obtain an effective viable count ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶. 11 Enterococcus lactis powder at CFU / g; After activating the purchased Bacillus coagulans strain CGMCC 1.10823, it was inoculated into a seed culture medium containing 10.0g casein peptone, 10.0g beef extract, 5.0g yeast extract, 5.0g glucose, 5.0g sodium acetate, 2.0g diammonium citrate, 1.0g Tween-80, 2.0g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05g manganese sulfate monohydrate, and 1.0L distilled water, with a pH of 6.5-6.8. The medium was cultured at 30℃ and 120 rpm for 5 days to obtain a seed culture. This seed culture was then inoculated at 10% of the total culture medium with the same formulation and cultured at 30℃. The fermentation broth was collected, spray-dried, and pulverized to obtain an effective viable count ≥ 5 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g of Bacillus coagulans powder; Feed preparation: Step 1: Mix 40kg of corn flour, 8kg of wheat bran, 20kg of puffed soybean flour, 10kg of alfalfa hay powder, 8kg of peanut vine powder, 5kg of fish meal, 1.5kg of dicalcium phosphate, and 0.8kg of sodium chloride. Add an appropriate amount of water to adjust the mixture and then feed it into a pellet mill to press it into pellets with a diameter of 4.0mm. Step 2: Dissolve 1.5 kg of Enterococcus lactis powder and 0.7 kg of Bacillus coagulans powder in warm water at about 25°C to form a suspension, and spray it onto the surface of the above-mentioned granules to ensure that the bacterial solution is evenly sprayed on the surface of the granules, thus obtaining the compound feed.
[0022] Performance Testing: Effects of Compound Feeds on Growth and Digestive Performance of Lambs in the Transition Period 1. Materials and Methods In this experiment, healthy Boer goat lambs aged 30 days and weighing 7.2-8.5 kg were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 lambs each, namely Experiment Group 1, Experiment Group 2, Experiment Group 3 and Experiment Group 4. The lambs in each group were fed in the following manner.
[0023] Experiment 1: The compound feed described in Example 1; Experimental Group 2: The compound feed described in Example 2; Experimental Group 3: The compound feed described in Comparative Example 1; Experimental Group 4: The compound feed described in Comparative Example 2; Experimental Group 5: The compound feed described in Comparative Example 3.
[0024] The experiment lasted for 45 days. From the start of the experiment to day 30, the lambs nursed with their mothers and were fed the experimental diet at noon each day. Starting from day 31, the lambs were weaned and fed the experimental diet in the morning and evening each day. During the experiment, the lambs had free access to feed and water.
[0025] The test metrics are as follows: Growth performance assessment: Lambs were weighed on day 1 of the experiment (initial weight) and on the last day of the experiment (final weight); weighing was conducted every two weeks during the experiment; all weighings were performed on an empty stomach. The average daily weight gain during the experiment was calculated. The incidence of diarrhea in lambs was observed during the experiment, and the diarrhea rate was calculated.
[0026] Rumen fermentation indicators: Three sheep were randomly selected from each group, rumen fluid was collected, and the pH, lactic acid, ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid, and butyric acid content of the rumen fluid were measured.
[0027] Rumen tissue analysis: Two sheep were randomly selected from each group. After slaughter, rumen dorsal sac tissue was taken, sections were prepared, and the morphology and structure were observed. The height of the rumen papilla, the width of the papilla, the thickness of the muscle layer, and the thickness of the cuticle were measured.
[0028] 2. Results and Analysis As shown in Table 1, the compound feed obtained in Examples 1-2 can significantly promote lamb growth and reduce the diarrhea rate during the transition period. The average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of lambs are higher than those of other groups, and the diarrhea rate is significantly reduced.
[0029] Table 1 Comparison of growth performance indicators of lambs Note: This indicates that compared with group 5, P < 0.05.
[0030] As can be seen from the results in Table 2, the rumen fermentation parameters of lambs fed with the compound feed of Examples 1-2 were better than those of lambs in other groups.
[0031] Table 2 Comparison of rumen fermentation parameters Note: This indicates that compared with group 5, P < 0.05.
[0032] The rumen is fundamental for ruminants to realize their growth potential and improve their growth performance; rumen tissue development also affects feed utilization efficiency. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As can be seen from the data, lambs fed with the compound feed of Example 1-2 had better rumen development, and the height and width of the rumen teats, as well as the thickness of the muscle layer, the thickness of the keratin layer, and the thickness of the pellet layer were significantly higher than those of lambs in other groups.
[0033] In the above experimental results, Comparative Example 1, the compound feed, did not contain Enterococcus lactis, garlic peel, or corn silk; Comparative Example 2, the compound feed did not contain Bacillus coagulans powder, astaxanthin, or Cordyceps militaris powder; and Comparative Example 3, the compound feed did not contain Candida tropicalis liquid, garlic peel, corn silk, astaxanthin, or Cordyceps militaris powder. Based on the results, Comparative Example 3, which only contained conventional probiotics, had a relatively small impact on rumen development in lambs, and its effect was worse than that of Comparative Examples 2 and 3. Comparative Examples 2 and 3 showed different effects on rumen development indicators, indicating that garlic peel, corn silk, astaxanthin, and Cordyceps militaris powder had different effects on rumen development. However, their effects on the overall growth performance and rumen development of transitional lambs were worse than those of the compound feed of this invention.
Claims
1. A compound feed for lambs during the transition period, characterized in that, It contains the following ingredients: 45-53 parts by weight of energy raw materials, 25-33 parts by weight of protein raw materials, 16-20 parts by weight of roughage, and 12.8-22.8 parts by weight of functional additives.
2. The compound feed as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy source contains 40-45 parts by weight of corn and 5-8 parts by weight of wheat bran.
3. The compound feed as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The protein raw material contains 20-25 parts by weight of puffed soybean flour and 5-8 parts by weight of fish meal.
4. The compound feed as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The roughage contains 8-10g of alfalfa and 8-10g of peanut vines.
5. The compound feed as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The functional additive contains 2-3 parts by weight of compound probiotics, 5-10 parts by weight of garlic peel, 3-5 parts by weight of corn silk, 1-1.5 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 0.5-0.8 parts by weight of fermented cordyceps powder, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, and 0.8-1.0 parts by weight of sodium chloride.
6. The compound feed as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The compound probiotic contains 1.0-1.5 parts by weight of Enterococcus lactis powder, 0.7-1.0 parts by weight of Bacillus coagulans powder, and 0.3-0.5 parts by weight of Candida tropicalis liquid.
7. The compound feed as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The effective viable count of the Enterococcus lactis powder is ≥ 1×10⁻⁶. 11 CFU / g, effective viable count of Bacillus coagulans powder ≥ 5×10 10 CFU / g, effective viable count of Candida tropicalis in the culture ≥ 5×10 10 CFU / mL.
8. The compound feed as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The preparation method of the compound feed includes the following steps: Step 1: Mix 32-36 parts by weight of corn flour, 4.0-6.4 parts by weight of wheat bran, 16-20 parts by weight of puffed soybean flour, 6.4-8 parts by weight of alfalfa hay powder, 6.4-8 parts by weight of peanut vine powder, 3-5 parts by weight of corn silk powder, and 5-10 parts by weight of garlic peel to obtain a fermentation substrate; mix the fermentation substrate with 0.3-0.5 parts by weight of Candida tropicalis liquid, and incubate at 25-28℃ for 1-1.5 days. After fermentation, air-dry the product in a ventilated place until the moisture content is reduced to below 12% to obtain a fermentation mixture. Step 2: Mix the remaining 8-9 parts by weight of corn flour, 1.0-1.6 parts by weight of wheat bran, 4-5 parts by weight of puffed soybean flour, 1.6-2 parts by weight of alfalfa meal, and 1.6-2 parts by weight of peanut vine meal with the fermentation mixture. Then add 5-8 parts by weight of fish meal, 1-1.5 parts by weight of astaxanthin, 0.5-0.8 parts by weight of fermented cordyceps powder, 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of dicalcium phosphate, and 0.8-1.0 parts by weight of sodium chloride. Add an appropriate amount of water to adjust the mixture and then feed it into a pellet mill to press it into pellets with a diameter of 3.0-4.0 mm. Step 3: Prepare a suspension by mixing 1.0-1.5 parts by weight of Enterococcus lactis powder and 0.7-1.0 parts by weight of Bacillus coagulans powder, and spray it onto the surface of the pellets, ensuring that the bacterial solution is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the pellets, thus obtaining the compound feed.