Two-stage cyclone series vertical shaft slurry treatment system and method with primary concentration and secondary classification

Abstract

The application discloses a two-stage cyclone series vertical shaft slurry treatment system and method of primary concentration and secondary classification, and belongs to the technical field of vertical shaft hard rock tunneling slurry treatment. In view of the problems of the existing slurry treatment system, such as large volume, poor adaptability, insufficient classification accuracy and low equipment stability, the application adopts a compact series layout, and comprises a pre-screening unit, a primary tank, a two-stage cyclone group, a dewatering screen and an overflow tank, and is matched with a flap slurry supplementing structure. A treatment method sequentially passes through pre-screening slag removal, primary concentration, secondary classification, dewatering circulation and overflow recycling, simultaneously performs high-pressure pulse flushing through particle hardness linkage and slurry temperature dynamic adjustment, realizes accurate protection and efficiency control, and is suitable for narrow space of a vertical shaft. The treatment capacity reaches 600m3 / h, fine particles with a size of 0.3-0.045mm can be accurately separated, pump suction and equipment wear are prevented, slurry closed-loop recycling is realized, maintenance cost is reduced, high-strength tunneling continuous advancement of the vertical shaft is ensured, and the application has both economy and environmental protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mud and water treatment technology in underground engineering construction, and in particular to a two-stage vortex series vertical shaft mud and water treatment system and method with primary concentration and secondary grading. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of underground engineering construction, large-diameter, kilometer-long vertical shaft hard rock excavation is a key technology for deep resource development and underground transportation hub construction. As a core supporting equipment to ensure excavation efficiency and construction safety, the mud treatment system must simultaneously meet three core requirements: "compact space, high-efficiency treatment, and precise grading." The vertical shaft excavation machine cabin is a vertical, enclosed space, and the size of the equipment layout is strictly limited. The daily mud discharge requirement for hard rock excavation reaches several thousand cubic meters, which needs to be matched with a high-intensity muck discharge rhythm. If the fine hard rock particles of 0.3~0.045mm in the mud cannot be effectively separated, it will directly affect the mud recycling effect, thereby restricting the excavation speed.

[0003] Current slurry treatment technologies in the industry are mostly developed for non-vertical shaft scenarios such as tunnel boring machines and ordinary mines (e.g., published patents CN107417066A and CN114180802A), which are difficult to adapt to the special constraints of vertical shaft hard rock tunneling. From the perspective of device structure, existing technologies generally suffer from excessive size and insufficient integration. For example, the shield tunneling slurry treatment system disclosed in CN107417066A has a slurry separation system that measures 16.6m × 11.4m × 14.4m. Relying on the open space of horizontal tunnels for its layout, it is completely unsuitable for the narrow vertical space of shafts. Even the integrated frame system in CN114180802A, although simplifying installation through multi-layer frames, still requires the combination of nine independent frames. Furthermore, it does not optimize the component connection relationships for the core process of "pre-screening-cyclone-dewatering" in shafts, making it impossible to achieve a compact series layout. This results in the equipment being unable to be installed or being difficult to maintain within the shaft.

[0004] From the perspective of classification accuracy and processing capacity, existing technologies have not designed key parameters specifically for the characteristics of hard rock slurry in vertical shafts. Vertical shaft mud needs to be screened to remove large rock debris >3mm (to avoid clogging subsequent equipment), and then two-stage cyclones are used to achieve 74μm coarse particle concentration and 45μm fine particle classification, respectively. However, existing technologies have obvious defects: some solutions (such as CN107417066A) do not specify the separation cut-off point of the cyclone separator, and only achieve mud-water separation through "two-stage cyclone separation + pressure filtration", which cannot accurately control the separation effect of different particle sizes; some integrated systems (such as CN114180802A) are equipped with two-stage cyclones, but the first stage separates 50~63μm and the second stage separates 25~30μm. The classification accuracy is too fine, which leads to a decrease in processing capacity. Moreover, it is not adapted to the characteristics of "low-density, high-flow-rate slurry carrying slag" in vertical shafts, and cannot meet the high-intensity slag discharge requirements of "600m³ per hour first-stage processing capacity", which easily leads to problems such as cyclone blockage or excessive slag content in overflow.

[0005] From the perspective of processing procedures and equipment protection, existing technologies lack specific designs for vertical shaft operations. Furthermore, most existing technologies employ a "single separation + external discharge" model (such as the shield tunnel waste slurry reduction system in CN115745355A), without designing a circulation mechanism for "returning the underflow from the dewatering screen to the fine cyclone equipment tank," resulting in incomplete separation of fine particles. In summary, existing sludge treatment technologies cannot meet the actual needs of vertical shaft hard rock excavation due to problems such as "non-compact device structure, mismatched grading parameters, and unsuitable process design." There is an urgent need for an integrated sludge treatment solution specifically designed for vertical shaft scenarios, which includes "pre-screening-two-stage cyclone-dewatering-circulation" to solve the industry's pain points. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a two-stage vortex series vertical shaft mud and water treatment system and method with primary concentration and secondary classification, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a two-stage hydrocyclone series vertical shaft slurry treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification, including a pre-screening unit installed in the vertical shaft and a primary tank installed below it. The discharge port of the primary tank is connected to the inlet of the primary hydrocyclone group through a first feeding pipeline. The concentrated slurry outlet of the primary hydrocyclone group is connected to the feed port of the fine hydrocyclone tank through a first concentrated slurry discharge pipeline. The diluted slurry outlet of the primary hydrocyclone group is connected to the inlet of the primary overflow box through a first diluted slurry discharge pipeline. The discharge port of the fine hydrocyclone tank is connected to the inlet of the fine hydrocyclone group through a second feeding pipeline. The concentrated slurry outlet of the fine hydrocyclone group is connected to the feed end of the dewatering screen through a second concentrated slurry discharge pipeline. The diluted slurry outlet of the fine hydrocyclone group is connected to the inlet of the fine hydrocyclone overflow box through a second diluted slurry discharge pipeline.

[0008] Preferably, the outlet of the primary overflow box is connected to one end of the first overflow pipeline, the outlet of the fine vortex device overflow box is connected to one end of the second overflow pipeline, and the other end of the first overflow pipeline and the other end of the second overflow pipeline merge and are sent down into the well.

[0009] Preferably, the first feeding pipeline is equipped with a primary pump; the second feeding pipeline is equipped with a fine cyclone device pump.

[0010] Preferably, both the primary hydrocyclone group and the fine hydrocyclone device hydrocyclone group include two hydrocyclones connected in parallel.

[0011] Preferably, the particles filtered by the pre-screening unit are larger than 3 mm; the particles separated at the concentrated slurry outlet of the first-stage hydrocyclone group are larger than 74 μm, and the particles separated at the diluted slurry outlet are smaller than or equal to 74 μm.

[0012] Preferably, the particles separated at the concentrated slurry outlet of the fine hydrocyclone equipment are larger than 45 μm, and the particles separated at the dilute slurry outlet are smaller than or equal to 45 μm; the dewatering screen is equipped with a collection hopper at the feed end, and the dewatering screen is used to remove particles of 3-0.3 mm.

[0013] Preferably, the primary trough is adjacent to the primary overflow box, and a partition is provided in the adjacent area. The partition has a through hole, and a first flap is hinged at the through hole. The fine cyclone equipment trough is adjacent to the fine cyclone equipment overflow box, and a partition is provided in the adjacent area. The partition has a through hole, and a second flap is hinged at the through hole.

[0014] In addition, the present invention also discloses a treatment method for the above-mentioned two-stage vortex series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary grading, comprising the following steps: S1: The mud produced during shaft excavation is fed into the pre-screening unit to remove materials larger than 3mm. The slurry under the screen falls into the primary tank. S2: The slurry in the primary tank is pumped to the primary hydrocyclone group for primary concentration treatment by a primary pump, and a thick slurry with a particle size greater than 74μm and a thin slurry with a particle size less than or equal to 74μm are separated. The thick slurry is sent to the fine hydrocyclone equipment tank through the first thick slurry discharge pipeline, and the thin slurry is sent to the primary overflow tank through the first thin slurry discharge pipeline. S3: The concentrated slurry in the fine hydrocyclone tank is pumped to the fine hydrocyclone hydrocyclone group for secondary classification treatment by the fine hydrocyclone pump. The concentration of the slurry entering the fine hydrocyclone group is controlled to not exceed 30%. The concentrated slurry with a particle size greater than 45μm and the thin slurry with a particle size less than or equal to 45μm are separated. The thin slurry is sent to the overflow box of the fine hydrocyclone through the second thin slurry discharge pipeline. S4: The concentrated slurry larger than 45μm separated by the hydrocyclone group of the fine hydrocyclone equipment is introduced into the dewatering screen through the collection hopper to remove particles of 3-0.3mm. The underflow of the dewatering screen is returned to the tank of the fine hydrocyclone equipment and sent back to the hydrocyclone group of the fine hydrocyclone equipment for circulation treatment. S5: After the slurry in the primary overflow box is combined with the slurry in the overflow box of the fine cyclone equipment, it is sent back to the well for recycling. S6: When the total slurry feed rate is less than 600 m³ / h, the first flap between the primary tank and the primary overflow box, and the second flap between the fine cyclone equipment tank and the fine cyclone equipment overflow box will automatically open to replenish slurry, thus preventing the primary pump and the fine cyclone equipment pump from being damaged by cavitation.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the Mohs hardness of the particles in the concentrated slurry in the fine hydrocyclone equipment tank is detected in real time by a hardness sensor. When the Mohs hardness of the particles is ≥6.5, the high-pressure pulse flushing program of the inner wall of the hydrocyclone equipment is automatically started. The flushing medium is a filtered secondary slurry. The flushing frequency is positively correlated with the particle hardness, so as to achieve dynamic adaptation between wear protection of the inner wall of the hydrocyclone and separation efficiency. By collecting slurry temperature data from temperature sensors, the output pressure of the pump and the inlet slurry flow rate of the hydrocyclone assembly in the fine hydrocyclone are dynamically adjusted. At the same time, part of the thin slurry in the primary overflow tank is used as a cooling medium, and the temperature of the slurry in the fine hydrocyclone tank is controlled and regulated through the built-in coil to maintain the slurry temperature at 25~35℃.

[0016] Furthermore, the hardness sensor has a detection accuracy of ±0.1 Mohs hardness, and the flushing pressure of the high-pressure pulse flushing program is set to 1.2~2.0MPa; when the particle Mohs hardness is 6.5~7.5, the flushing frequency is 5~10Hz, the single flushing duration is 3~5s, and the flushing interval is 30~60min; when the particle Mohs hardness is >7.5, the flushing frequency is increased to 12~20Hz, the single flushing duration is 5~8s, and the flushing interval is shortened to 15~30min. The temperature sensors are installed at the slurry outlet of the fine hydrocyclone equipment tank and on the inlet pipe of the fine hydrocyclone equipment hydrocyclone group, respectively. When the slurry temperature is higher than 35℃, for every 1℃ increase, the output pressure of the fine hydrocyclone equipment pump decreases by 0.03~0.05MPa, and the inlet slurry flow velocity of the fine hydrocyclone equipment hydrocyclone group decreases by 0.02~0.03m / s. When the slurry temperature is lower than 25℃, for every 1℃ decrease, the output pressure increases by 0.04~0.06MPa, and the inlet slurry flow velocity increases by 0.03~0.04m / s. The flow rate of the cooling medium is dynamically adjusted according to the difference between the actual slurry temperature and the set range of 25~35℃. For every 2℃ increase in temperature difference, the flow rate of the cooling medium increases by 10%~15%, and the heat exchange area of ​​the built-in coil is not less than 0.5㎡ to ensure that the temperature control response time does not exceed 30s.

[0017] Beneficial effects of this invention: 1. This invention uses a process of concentration, classification, and dewatering to significantly improve the separation efficiency of solid phases of different particle sizes in mud by dewatering and separating fine particles of 0.3-0.045mm. It is particularly suitable for slurry formations with low density and high flow rate carrying slag.

[0018] 2. This invention enables primary processing of 600 m³ / h and further fine cyclone separation at a 45 μm separation point within a limited space, meeting the slurry discharge requirements of tunneling in hard rock formations. The overall system size is controlled within a vertical shaft, adaptable to layout within the tunneling machine cabin, and can process dry slag daily, meeting the slag discharge requirements for a tunneling speed of 8 m / d.

[0019] 3. The compact vertical serial layout of this invention does not require large auxiliary equipment, perfectly adapts to the narrow vertical enclosed space of shafts, and solves the pain point that traditional equipment cannot be installed.

[0020] 4. The flap-type slurry filling structure of this invention prevents pump cavitation, while hardness-linked flushing and temperature control reduce wear and malfunctions. The dual parallel cyclone separators improve reliability and significantly reduce maintenance costs.

[0021] 5. The present invention enables closed-loop well return and reuse of mud, with self-sufficiency in flushing and cooling media, reducing resource consumption and waste mud discharge, thus achieving both economic and environmental benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of a two-stage vortex series vertical shaft mud and water treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a two-stage vortex series vertical shaft mud and water treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification installed inside a vertical shaft; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the area where the first flap is located. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a two-stage hydrocyclone series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification includes a pre-screening unit 1 located in the vertical shaft and a primary tank 2 located below it. The outlet of the primary tank 2 is connected to the inlet of the primary hydrocyclone group 4 via a first feeding pipeline 16. The concentrated slurry outlet of the primary hydrocyclone group 4 is connected to the inlet of the fine hydrocyclone equipment tank 11 via a first concentrated slurry discharge pipeline 17. The diluted slurry outlet of the primary hydrocyclone group 4 is connected to the inlet of the primary overflow box 13 via a first diluted slurry discharge pipeline 18. The outlet of the fine hydrocyclone equipment tank 11 is connected to the inlet of the fine hydrocyclone equipment group 5 via a second feeding pipeline 19. The concentrated slurry outlet of the fine hydrocyclone equipment group 5 is connected to the inlet of the dewatering screen 7 via a second concentrated slurry discharge pipeline 20. The diluted slurry outlet of the fine hydrocyclone equipment group 5 is connected to the inlet of the fine hydrocyclone equipment overflow box 15 via a second diluted slurry discharge pipeline 21. This embodiment achieves integrated arrangement of core components for sludge treatment through a compact series layout of "pre-screening unit - primary tank - primary hydrocyclone group - fine hydrocyclone equipment tank - fine hydrocyclone equipment group - dewatering screen". It is suitable for the narrow, vertically enclosed space of a shaft and solves the problem of traditional equipment being too large to install. It constructs a core separation path of "primary concentration + secondary classification", laying a structural foundation for the precise separation of particles of different sizes and ensuring the orderly and efficient sludge treatment.

[0025] Preferably, the outlet of the primary overflow box 13 is connected to one end of the first overflow pipeline 22, and the outlet of the fine cyclone device overflow box 15 is connected to one end of the second overflow pipeline 23. The other end of the first overflow pipeline 22 and the other end of the second overflow pipeline 23 merge and are then sent down into the well. In this embodiment, the slurry separated by the two-stage cyclone separation is collected and sent back down into the well, realizing the recycling and reuse of the mud. There is no need to configure additional mud preparation equipment, reducing the amount of mud transported on the surface and the waste of resources; it avoids the environmental pollution caused by direct discharge of slurry, and simplifies the treatment process, adapting to the vertical shaft's requirement of "fewer auxiliary equipment and higher circulation efficiency".

[0026] Preferably, a primary pump 3 is installed on the first feeding pipeline 16; and a fine cyclone pump 8 is installed on the second feeding pipeline 19. This embodiment adds a primary pump and a fine cyclone pump to the feeding pipelines to provide stable power for slurry transport, ensuring precise flow of the slurry within the vertical space of the shaft, meeting the transport requirements for large-flow slurry discharge; avoiding transport stagnation caused by high slurry flow resistance, and ensuring the continuous operation of the entire processing system.

[0027] Preferably, both the first-stage hydrocyclone group 4 and the fine hydrocyclone device hydrocyclone group 5 include two hydrocyclones connected in parallel. In this embodiment, both stages of the hydrocyclone group use two hydrocyclones in parallel, which significantly improves the throughput and separation stability compared to a single hydrocyclone design. If a single hydrocyclone fails, the other hydrocyclone can continue to work, reducing the risk of system downtime and adapting to scenarios where vertical shaft equipment is difficult to maintain and requires high reliability.

[0028] Preferably, the particles 9 filtered by the pre-screening unit 1 are larger than 3 mm; the particles separated at the concentrated slurry outlet of the first-stage hydrocyclone group 4 are larger than 74 μm, and the particles separated at the diluted slurry outlet are smaller than or equal to 74 μm. In this embodiment, the pre-screening unit removes coarse particles larger than 3 mm, preventing large particles from clogging subsequent hydrocyclones and pipelines, thus extending the service life of the equipment; the first-stage hydrocyclone group accurately separates particles larger than 74 μm, achieving rapid concentration of coarse particles, reducing the processing load of the secondary classification, laying the foundation for subsequent fine particle separation, and improving overall processing efficiency.

[0029] Preferably, the fine hydrocyclone equipment separates particles larger than 45μm at the concentrated slurry outlet and particles smaller than or equal to 45μm at the diluted slurry outlet; the dewatering screen 7 is equipped with a collection hopper 6 at its feed end, and is used to remove particles of 3-0.3mm. In this embodiment, the fine hydrocyclone group separates particles larger than 45μm, achieving precise classification of fine hard rock particles and solving the problem of insufficient separation accuracy in traditional technologies; the dewatering screen removes particles of 3-0.3mm, further purifying the slurry, ensuring the cleanliness of the returned drilling mud, and avoiding wear on downhole tunneling equipment; the underflow from the screen is recycled to improve the fine particle separation rate and reduce resource waste.

[0030] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, the primary trough 2 is adjacent to the primary overflow box 13, and a partition is provided in the adjacent area. The partition has a through hole, and a first flap 12 is hinged to the through hole. Figure 3 Similarly, the fine cyclone equipment tank 11 is adjacent to the fine cyclone equipment overflow box 15, and a partition is set in the adjacent area. The partition has a through hole, and a second flap 14 is hinged at the through hole. In this embodiment, the primary tank and the fine cyclone equipment tank are respectively connected to the corresponding overflow box through flaps. When the slurry feed is insufficient, slurry is automatically replenished. Under the action of the pressure difference on both sides of the through hole, the flap is automatically pushed open, which structurally avoids damage caused by cavitation of the delivery pump and solves the equipment failure problem caused by fluctuations in the slurry feed of the vertical shaft. The hinged flap design does not require additional power drive, the structure is simple and reliable, it is suitable for the harsh construction environment of the vertical shaft, and reduces maintenance costs.

[0031] In addition, the present invention also discloses a treatment method for the above-mentioned two-stage vortex series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary grading, comprising the following steps: S1: The mud generated during shaft excavation is fed into the pre-screening unit 1 to screen out material 9 larger than 3mm, and the slurry under the screen falls into the primary tank 2; S2: The slurry in the first-stage tank 2 is pumped to the first-stage hydrocyclone group 4 by the first-stage pump 3 for first-stage concentration treatment, and the concentrated slurry with a diameter greater than 74μm and the thin slurry with a diameter less than or equal to 74μm are separated. The concentrated slurry is sent to the fine hydrocyclone equipment tank 11 through the first concentrated slurry discharge pipeline 17, and the thin slurry is sent to the first-stage overflow tank 13 through the first thin slurry discharge pipeline 18. S3: The concentrated slurry in the fine hydrocyclone tank 11 is pumped to the fine hydrocyclone hydrocyclone group 5 for secondary classification treatment by the fine hydrocyclone pump 8. The concentration of the slurry entering the fine hydrocyclone hydrocyclone group 5 is controlled to not exceed 30%. The concentrated slurry with a diameter greater than 45μm and the thin slurry with a diameter less than or equal to 45μm are separated. The thin slurry is sent to the fine hydrocyclone overflow box 15 through the second thin slurry discharge pipeline 21. S4: The concentrated slurry larger than 45μm separated by the hydrocyclone group 5 of the fine hydrocyclone equipment is introduced into the dewatering screen 7 through the collection hopper 6 to remove particles of 3-0.3mm. The underflow of the dewatering screen 7 is returned to the tank 11 of the fine hydrocyclone equipment and sent back to the hydrocyclone group 5 of the fine hydrocyclone equipment for circulation treatment. S5: After the slurry in the primary overflow box 13 and the slurry in the fine cyclone equipment overflow box 15 are merged, they are sent back to the well for recycling. S6: When the total slurry feed rate is less than 600 m³ / h, the first flap 12 between the primary tank 2 and the primary overflow box 13, and the second flap 14 between the fine cyclone equipment tank 11 and the fine cyclone equipment overflow box 15 will automatically open to replenish slurry, so as to avoid the primary pump 3 and the fine cyclone equipment pump 8 from being sucked into the air and damaged.

[0032] This embodiment achieves a closed-loop process for mud treatment, from coarse to fine processing, through a complete process design of "pre-screening and slag removal → primary concentration → secondary classification → dewatering and circulation → overflow reuse → mud replenishment and protection". The processing efficiency reaches 600 m³ per hour, meeting the high-intensity excavation and slag removal requirements of 8 m / d vertical shafts. The slurry concentration in the secondary classification is strictly controlled to not exceed 30% to ensure stable separation accuracy and avoid hydrocyclone blockage caused by excessive concentration. The design of dewatering screen bottom flow circulation and overflow return to the well maximizes resource utilization and reduces waste slurry discharge and environmental pollution.

[0033] Furthermore, in step S3, the Mohs hardness of the particles in the concentrated slurry in the fine hydrocyclone equipment tank 11 is detected in real time by a hardness sensor. When the Mohs hardness of the particles is ≥6.5, the high-pressure pulse flushing program of the inner wall of the hydrocyclone equipment 5 is automatically started. The flushing medium is the filtered secondary slurry. The flushing frequency is positively correlated with the particle hardness, so as to realize the dynamic adaptation of wear protection of the inner wall of the hydrocyclone and separation efficiency. By collecting slurry temperature data from temperature sensors, the output pressure of the fine cyclone equipment pump 8 and the inlet slurry flow rate of the fine cyclone equipment hydrocyclone group 5 are dynamically adjusted. At the same time, part of the thin slurry in the first-stage overflow tank 13 is used as a cooling medium, and the temperature of the slurry in the fine cyclone equipment tank 11 is controlled and regulated through the built-in coil to maintain the slurry temperature at 25~35℃.

[0034] This embodiment detects the Mohs hardness of particles in real time and initiates high-pressure pulse flushing to specifically address the wear problem of high-hardness particles on the inner wall of the hydrocyclone, extending the service life of the hydrocyclone and maintaining the long-term stability of the 45μm separation tangent point. By dynamically adjusting the pump pressure and hydrocyclone flow rate through temperature data, combined with slurry temperature control cooling, the slurry temperature is maintained in the optimal range of 25~35℃, offsetting the impact of temperature changes on slurry viscosity and ensuring that the separation efficiency is not affected by fluctuations in operating temperature. Both the flushing medium and the cooling medium use the slurry within the system, eliminating the need for additional configuration, simplifying the process and saving resources.

[0035] Furthermore, the hardness sensor has a detection accuracy of ±0.1 Mohs hardness, and the flushing pressure of the high-pressure pulse flushing program is set to 1.2~2.0MPa; when the particle Mohs hardness is 6.5~7.5, the flushing frequency is 5~10Hz, the single flushing duration is 3~5s, and the flushing interval is 30~60min; when the particle Mohs hardness is >7.5, the flushing frequency is increased to 12~20Hz, the single flushing duration is 5~8s, and the flushing interval is shortened to 15~30min. The temperature sensors are respectively installed at the slurry outlet of the fine cyclone equipment tank 11 and on the inlet pipe of the fine cyclone equipment hydrocyclone group 5. When the slurry temperature is higher than 35℃, for every 1℃ increase, the output pressure of the fine cyclone equipment pump 8 decreases by 0.03~0.05MPa, and the inlet slurry flow velocity of the fine cyclone equipment hydrocyclone group 5 decreases by 0.02~0.03m / s. When the slurry temperature is lower than 25℃, for every 1℃ decrease, the output pressure increases by 0.04~0.06MPa, and the inlet slurry flow velocity increases by 0.03~0.04m / s. The flow rate of the cooling medium is dynamically adjusted according to the difference between the actual slurry temperature and the set range of 25~35℃. For every 2℃ increase in temperature difference, the flow rate of the cooling medium increases by 10%~15%, and the heat exchange area of ​​the built-in coil is not less than 0.5㎡ to ensure that the temperature control response time does not exceed 30s.

[0036] In this embodiment, the correlation between hardness and rinsing parameters is quantified to avoid over-rinsing or under-rinsing, thus saving energy while protecting the hydrocyclone from wear. Precise deployment of temperature sensors and quantitative adjustment of parameters ensure the accuracy of pressure and flow rate regulation, with a temperature control response time of no more than 30 seconds, further improving the stability of separation efficiency. Optimized heat exchange area of ​​the built-in coil ensures effective temperature control, thereby improving the overall reliability and adaptability of the system.

[0037] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-stage vortex series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification, comprising a pre-screening unit (1) installed in the vertical shaft and a primary tank (2) installed below it, characterized in that: The discharge port of the first-stage tank (2) is connected to the inlet of the first-stage hydrocyclone group (4) through the first feeding pipeline (16). The concentrated slurry outlet of the first-stage hydrocyclone group (4) is connected to the inlet of the fine hydrocyclone tank (11) through the first concentrated slurry discharge pipeline (17). The slurry outlet of the first-stage hydrocyclone group (4) is connected to the inlet of the first-stage overflow box (13) through the first slurry discharge pipeline (18). The discharge port of the fine hydrocyclone tank (11) is connected to the inlet of the fine hydrocyclone group (5) through the second feeding pipeline (19). The concentrated slurry outlet of the fine hydrocyclone group (5) is connected to the feed end of the dewatering screen (7) through the second concentrated slurry discharge pipeline (20). The slurry outlet of the fine hydrocyclone group (5) is connected to the inlet of the fine hydrocyclone overflow box (15) through the second slurry discharge pipeline (21).

2. The two-stage cyclone series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the first overflow box (13) is connected to one end of the first overflow pipeline (22), and the outlet of the fine vortex equipment overflow box (15) is connected to one end of the second overflow pipeline (23). The other end of the first overflow pipeline (22) and the other end of the second overflow pipeline (23) are merged and sent down into the well.

3. The two-stage cyclone series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first feeding pipeline (16) is equipped with a primary pump (3); the second feeding pipeline (19) is equipped with a fine cyclone device pump (8).

4. The two-stage cyclone series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Both the primary hydrocyclone group (4) and the fine hydrocyclone device hydrocyclone group (5) include two hydrocyclones connected in parallel.

5. The two-stage cyclone series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The sieved material (9) filtered by the pre-screening unit (1) is a particle larger than 3 mm; the particles separated at the thick slurry outlet of the first-stage hydrocyclone group (4) are larger than 74 μm, and the particles separated at the thin slurry outlet are smaller than or equal to 74 μm.

6. The two-stage cyclone series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fine hydrocyclone equipment hydrocyclone group (5) separates particles larger than 45μm at the thick slurry outlet and particles smaller than or equal to 45μm at the thin slurry outlet; the dewatering screen (7) is equipped with a collection hopper (6) at the feed end and is used to screen out particles of 3-0.3mm.

7. The two-stage cyclone series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first-level tank (2) is adjacent to the first-level overflow box (13), and a partition is set in the adjacent area. The partition has a through hole, and a first flap (12) is hinged at the through hole. The fine vortex equipment tank (11) is adjacent to the fine vortex equipment overflow box (15), and a partition is set in the adjacent area. The partition has a through hole, and a second flap (14) is hinged at the through hole.

8. A treatment method for a two-stage vortex series vertical shaft sludge treatment system of primary concentration and secondary classification as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The mud generated during shaft excavation is fed into the pre-screening unit (1) to screen out materials larger than 3mm (9), and the slurry under the screen falls into the primary tank (2); S2: The slurry in the first-stage tank (2) is pumped to the first-stage hydrocyclone group (4) by the first-stage pump (3) for first-stage concentration treatment, and the slurry with a diameter greater than 74μm and the slurry with a diameter less than or equal to 74μm are separated. The slurry is sent to the fine hydrocyclone equipment tank (11) through the first slurry discharge pipeline (17), and the slurry is sent to the first-stage overflow tank (13) through the first slurry discharge pipeline (18). S3: The concentrated slurry in the fine hydrocyclone tank (11) is pumped to the fine hydrocyclone hydrocyclone group (5) for secondary classification by the fine hydrocyclone pump (8). The concentration of the slurry entering the fine hydrocyclone hydrocyclone group (5) is controlled to not exceed 30%. The concentrated slurry with a diameter greater than 45μm and the thin slurry with a diameter less than or equal to 45μm are separated. The thin slurry is sent to the fine hydrocyclone overflow box (15) through the second thin slurry discharge pipeline (21). S4: The thick slurry larger than 45μm separated by the hydrocyclone group (5) of the fine hydrocyclone equipment is introduced into the dewatering screen (7) through the collection hopper (6) to remove particles of 3-0.3mm. The underflow of the dewatering screen (7) is returned to the tank (11) of the fine hydrocyclone equipment and sent back to the hydrocyclone group (5) of the fine hydrocyclone equipment for recycling. S5: After the slurry in the first-stage overflow box (13) and the slurry in the fine vortex equipment overflow box (15) are merged, they are sent back to the well for recycling. S6: When the total slurry feed rate is less than 600m³ / h, the first flap (12) between the primary tank (2) and the primary overflow box (13) and the second flap (14) between the fine cyclone equipment tank (11) and the fine cyclone equipment overflow box (15) will automatically open to replenish slurry, so as to avoid the primary pump (3) and the fine cyclone equipment pump (8) from being sucked into the air and damaged.

9. The treatment method of the two-stage cyclone series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In step S3, the Mohs hardness of the particles in the concentrated slurry in the fine hydrocyclone equipment tank (11) is detected in real time by a hardness sensor. When the Mohs hardness of the particles is ≥6.5, the high-pressure pulse flushing program of the inner wall of the hydrocyclone equipment (5) is automatically started. The flushing medium is the filtered secondary slurry. The flushing frequency is positively correlated with the particle hardness, so as to realize the dynamic adaptation of wear protection of the inner wall of the hydrocyclone and separation efficiency. By collecting slurry temperature data from temperature sensors, the output pressure of the fine cyclone equipment pump (8) and the inlet slurry flow rate of the fine cyclone equipment hydrocyclone group (5) are dynamically adjusted. At the same time, part of the thin slurry in the first-stage overflow tank (13) is used as a cooling medium. The temperature of the slurry in the fine cyclone equipment tank (11) is controlled and adjusted by the built-in coil, so that the slurry temperature is maintained at 25~35℃.

10. The treatment method of the two-stage cyclone series vertical shaft sludge treatment system with primary concentration and secondary classification as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The hardness sensor has a detection accuracy of ±0.1 Mohs hardness, and the flushing pressure of the high-pressure pulse flushing program is set to 1.2~2.0MPa. When the particle Mohs hardness is 6.5~7.5, the flushing frequency is 5~10Hz, the single flushing duration is 3~5s, and the flushing interval is 30~60min. When the particle Mohs hardness is >7.5, the flushing frequency is increased to 12~20Hz, the single flushing duration is 5~8s, and the flushing interval is shortened to 15~30min. The temperature sensors are respectively installed at the slurry outlet of the fine cyclone equipment tank (11) and the inlet pipe of the fine cyclone equipment hydrocyclone group (5); when the slurry temperature is higher than 35℃, for every 1℃ increase, the output pressure of the fine cyclone equipment pump (8) decreases by 0.03~0.05MPa, and the inlet slurry flow rate of the fine cyclone equipment hydrocyclone group (5) decreases by 0.02~0.03m / s; when the slurry temperature is lower than 25℃, for every 1℃ decrease, the output pressure increases by 0.04~0.06MPa, and the inlet slurry flow rate increases by 0.03~0.04m / s; the flow rate of the cooling medium is dynamically adjusted according to the difference between the actual slurry temperature and the set range of 25~35℃. For every 2℃ increase in temperature difference, the flow rate of the cooling medium increases by 10%~15%, and the heat exchange area of ​​the built-in coil is not less than 0.5㎡, ensuring that the temperature control response time does not exceed 30s.

Images