High-humidity dust anti-condensation pulse bag type dust removal system

Abstract

The application discloses a high-humidity dust anti-condensation pulse bag type dust removal system, which comprises filter chamber groups arranged side by side and an air inlet and outlet main pipe; the filter chamber groups comprise a plurality of independent filter chambers, each of which is provided with a filter bag in the inside and is connected with a dust hopper in the lower part; one end of the air inlet and outlet main pipe is provided with a total air inlet, the other end is provided with a total air outlet, and a flow guide and settlement structure is arranged in the inside and located behind the total air inlet; a flue gas preheating unit is arranged upstream of the total air inlet; and a pulse dust removal device comprises an offline valve mechanism composed of a valve plate and a cylinder and a pulse spraying assembly for spraying to the filter bag. The application fundamentally solves the problems of bag sticking, corrosion, difficult dust removal and high operation resistance caused by condensation of high-humidity flue gas in the inside of the dust remover by heat preservation of the whole dust remover, preheating of the air inlet and adoption of the offline row spraying dust removal mode, and ensures long-term stable, efficient and low-consumption operation of the system under high-humidity working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial flue gas purification technology, specifically to the manufacture of special equipment for environmental protection such as air pollution control; in particular, it relates to a high-humidity dust anti-condensation pulse bag dust collector system, which is especially suitable for treating process flue gas with continuous high humidity and easy condensation (such as exhaust gas from dryers and sintering machines). Background Technology

[0002] Baghouse dust collectors are the core equipment for treating dust from industrial flue gas. When dealing with high-humidity flue gas (such as drying, sintering, and chemical process exhaust gas), the flue gas temperature can easily drop below the dew point inside the dust collector, leading to moisture condensation, dust deliquescence and bag clogging, equipment corrosion, and a sharp increase in operating resistance. This has been a long-standing pain point in the industry.

[0003] Existing technologies mainly focus on heat preservation and heating, but they still have limitations: Designs for extreme environments: For example, patent CN103230711A discloses a bag filter suitable for extremely cold environments. It combats extremely low temperatures by adding an independent hot air circulation preheating system, heating the compressed air, and using an ultra-thick insulation layer and comprehensive electric heating. This solution has extremely high energy consumption, and its design focuses on preventing the equipment from freezing or condensing during cold starts, rather than optimizing the treatment of continuously high-humidity process flue gas itself.

[0004] Designs for intermittent operation: For example, the integrated heat-insulating and anti-clogging bag system disclosed in patent CN204933109U adds a heat-insulating cover to the outside of the dust collector, utilizing the residual heat of the exhaust gas during the intermittent period for insulation. This solution is suitable for intermittent operation, but for continuous operation with a continuous influx of high-humidity flue gas, its insulation effect is limited, and it cannot solve the problem of localized condensation caused by the large influx of cold and humid airflow during dust removal.

[0005] The inherent drawback of traditional dust removal methods is that, regardless of whether it's online pulse or traditional gas box pulse, the dust chamber to be cleaned remains connected to the main flue during cleaning. The continuous inflow of high-humidity flue gas mixes with the injected gas, easily creating a low-temperature zone on the filter bag surface, making the dust removal process itself a critical moment for condensation. Heating the injected gas (as in CN103230711A) can only alleviate, not eliminate, this problem.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a baghouse dust collector system specifically designed for continuous high-humidity flue gas conditions, capable of controlling the gas at its source and fundamentally preventing condensation risks during critical cleaning stages. Furthermore, in common side-inlet pulse-jet baghouse dust collectors, dust-laden flue gas is distributed to each filter compartment via a shared inlet and outlet duct, resulting in a compact and efficient structure. In this type of structure, achieving "offline cleaning" is the ideal way to avoid condensation during cleaning, the key being how to cut off the airflow path to the compartment to be cleaned. However, traditional designs mostly use online pulse cleaning, meaning the compartment remains connected to the main flue during cleaning, failing to prevent the influx of high-humidity flue gas. Even if some equipment uses a shut-off valve at the clean gas outlet to achieve offline cleaning, its main function is to cut off the clean gas discharge path; it lacks an effective coordinated control strategy for wet flue gas seeping in through the lower normally open inlet, resulting in limited anti-condensation effects under high-humidity conditions, and a low-temperature, high-humidity environment still easily forms on the filter bag surface during cleaning. Therefore, how to combine flue gas pretreatment and insulation to build a coordinated and efficient offline anti-condensation and cleaning system on such a specific structure has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects in the existing technology and provide a pulse bag filter system for preventing condensation of high-humidity dust. By insulating the entire dust collector, preheating the inlet air, and adopting an offline spray cleaning method, the system fundamentally solves the problems of bag clogging, corrosion, difficult cleaning, and high operating resistance caused by condensation of high-humidity flue gas inside the dust collector. This ensures that the system can operate stably, efficiently, and with low energy consumption for a long time under high-humidity conditions.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is to design a high-humidity dust anti-condensation pulse bag dust collection system, including a group of filter chambers and an inlet and outlet air duct arranged side by side; The filter chamber group includes multiple independent filter chambers, each of which is equipped with a filter bag and has an ash hopper connected to its lower part. One end of the main air inlet and outlet duct is provided with a main air inlet, and the other end is provided with a main air outlet. Inside the main air inlet, a flow guiding and settling structure is provided behind the main air inlet. A chamber air inlet is provided between the lower part of the side wall of the main air inlet and outlet duct and each of the filter chambers. The main air inlet and outlet duct is equipped with an upper clean air baffle, which divides the internal space of the main duct into multiple independent clean air transition chambers at the top and a clean air collection area at the bottom. The clean air collection area is directly connected to the main air outlet. The upper clean air baffle is flush with the tube sheet of the filter chamber. Each filter chamber has a clean air chamber that is directly connected to a corresponding clean air transition chamber. The upper air purification baffle plate has a through hole for each of the air purification transition chambers; each of the through holes is provided with a valve plate driven by a cylinder, the valve plate is used to open and close the through hole to control the online and offline status of the corresponding filter chamber; The flue gas preheating unit is located upstream of the main air inlet; An integral insulation layer covering the outer walls of the main air inlet and outlet ducts, filter chambers, and ash hopper; and, The pulse cleaning device includes an offline valve mechanism consisting of the valve plate and a cylinder, and a pulse jet assembly for blowing air onto the filter bags. The insulation layer thickness is the standard industrial insulation thickness.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the flue gas preheating unit is a hot air mixing device or a hot oil coil heat exchanger; the hot air mixing device is connected to an external heat source through a hot air pipeline.

[0010] A further technical solution is that the flow guiding and settling structure is an inclined baffle used to change the direction of flue gas flow and cause large dust particles to settle inertia.

[0011] A further technical solution is that the nozzle on the blowpipe is a Venturi-induced nozzle, and the outlet pressure of the air bag is set to a low pressure range of 0.2-0.35 MPa.

[0012] A further technical solution is that the integral insulation layer consists of an insulation cotton layer and a metal protective layer from the inside out, with a thickness of 100mm to 200mm.

[0013] A further technical solution is to line the inner wall of the ash hopper with an anti-stick coating and install a hopper wall vibrator or air cannon on its outer wall.

[0014] A further technical solution is that the system also includes an explosion-proof pressure relief device, which is installed on the top of the main air inlet / outlet duct or the filter chamber.

[0015] A further technical solution includes a control system, which is connected to a temperature sensor and a differential pressure sensor installed on the system. The control system is used to control the operation of the flue gas preheating unit according to the temperature signal, and to control the action sequence of the valve plate and the pulse jet assembly according to the differential pressure signal or the timing signal, so as to realize offline pulse cleaning.

[0016] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Highly targeted and systematically solves the challenges of high-humidity operating conditions: This invention is specifically designed for industrial scenarios involving the treatment of continuously high-humidity flue gas. It innovatively integrates a three-in-one anti-condensation system—preheating, insulation, and offline dust removal—onto the classic "compartment-side-intake" dust collector structure. This solution achieves comprehensive and systematic control over condensation risks from the flue gas inlet preheating and process insulation to offline isolation at key dust removal stages, completely resolving persistent problems such as bag clogging, corrosion, and high operating resistance caused by high-humidity dust.

[0017] Structural synergy fundamentally improves the reliability of anti-condensation during dust removal: This invention creatively integrates an offline pulse jet dust removal system with a "preheating-insulation" strategy in the lateral air intake structure. Its offline mechanism is particularly ingenious: by driving the valve plate to close the through-hole on the upper clean air baffle, the final channel for the clean air corresponding to that compartment to exit from the common collection area is cut off. This puts the compartment into an "offline" state during dust removal. Its anti-condensation synergistic mechanism is as follows: First, preheating ensures that even if the flue gas temperature infiltrating through the lower inlet is higher than the dew point; second, the "offline" state makes the airflow in the corresponding local clean air collection area of ​​the compartment almost still, significantly reducing the continuous moisture inflow and strong disturbance brought by the main fan's suction; finally, overall insulation maintains the stability of the system's temperature field. These three factors work together to create an optimized dust removal environment with a stable temperature field, slow humidity increase, and weak airflow disturbance for pulse jet cleaning. Thus, in principle, it avoids the risk of localized temperature drop and condensation caused by the violent convergence of high-speed filtration airflow and jet-cooled air during traditional online dust removal, achieving a fundamental improvement in dust removal efficiency, safer operation, and significantly extended filter bag life.

[0018] Energy efficiency optimization and good operating economy: Compared with the solution of using full electric heating and ultra-thick insulation to withstand extreme environments, this invention uses conventional industrial insulation thickness and significantly reduces energy consumption by precisely preheating the main process flue gas (only raising it to a safe range above the dew point). The system intelligently controls preheating and ash removal, further saving operating costs.

[0019] Compact layout, suitable for both renovation and new construction: This invention is an improvement upon a mature and reliable side-intake layout, featuring a compact structure that does not occupy excessive additional space. This solution can be used in new projects and also facilitates the anti-condensation technology upgrade of existing similar dust collectors, making it widely applicable and highly valuable for widespread adoption. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the high-humidity dust anti-condensation pulse bag dust collection system of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A diagram from another perspective; Figure 3 yes Figure 1A schematic diagram from another perspective; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Another perspective of the removal of one side wall of the filter chamber assembly and the top plate of one of the filter chambers; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A diagram from another perspective; Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Another perspective: a schematic diagram after removing the top wall of the main air inlet and outlet duct, the filter chamber assembly, and the partition wall adjacent to the main air inlet and outlet duct; Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Rear view; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the flower plate in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 The main view; Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A bottom view.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Filter chamber assembly; 11. Filter chamber; 2. Ash hopper; 3a. Main air inlet; 4. Main air outlet; 31. Guide settling ramp; 32. Lateral air inlet of the chamber; 100. Main air inlet and outlet duct; 101. Upper clean air baffle; 102. Through hole; 61a. Valve plate; 61b. Cylinder; 7. Flue gas preheating unit; 71. Hot air duct; 63. Air manifold; 62. Pulse jet pipe; 621. Venturi nozzle; 10. Tube plate; 300. Directional wind energy converter; 301. Reduction and self-locking gear set; 302. Lead screw; 302a. Nut; 303. Reset handle; 304. Cantilever bracket; 201. Fixed sleeve; 204. Sliding base; 206. Sealing skirt; 207. Flexible sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 7 As shown (for ease of illustration), Figures 1 to 6 (The flue gas preheating unit and hot air duct are not shown). This invention is a high-humidity dust anti-condensation pulse bag filter system, whose main structure adopts a classic "compartmental side air intake, centralized exhaust" layout. It mainly includes a filter chamber group 1 arranged side by side and an inlet and outlet air main duct 100.

[0024] Main structure description: The main air inlet and outlet duct (i.e., the overall rectangular frame structure shown in the figure) is a longitudinally sealed box, with a main air inlet 3a on one side wall and a main air outlet 4 on the other side wall. Inside the main duct, a guide and inertial settling ramp 31 is located behind the main air inlet 3a. The filter chamber group consists of multiple independent filter chambers 11 arranged in parallel, each filter chamber having multiple filter bags suspended inside, and a dust hopper 2 at the bottom. The dust hopper 2 is a conical dust hopper used to collect the captured dust. The key connection is that a chamber lateral air inlet 32 ​​is opened at the bottom of the partition wall adjacent to each filter chamber 11 in the main air inlet and outlet duct 100; inside the main air inlet and outlet duct 100, a horizontal upper clean air baffle 101 is provided, the height of which is flush with the tube sheet 10 of each filter chamber 11. The baffle plate divides the internal space of the main pipe into multiple independent clean air transition chambers at the top and a clean air collection area at the bottom. Each clean air transition chamber directly corresponds to and communicates with the clean air chamber of a filter compartment 11. Multiple rows of filter bags are vertically suspended below the tube sheet, with their openings fixed to the openings in the tube sheet. The tube sheet divides the interior of the compartment into clean air chambers and dust chambers. The upper clean air baffle plate 101 has a through hole 102 for each clean air transition chamber. Above each through hole 102 is a valve plate 61a driven by a cylinder, which can tightly seal or leave the through hole 102. The top clean air chamber of each filter compartment communicates with the top clean air transition chamber of the main pipe, and the top clean air chambers of adjacent filter compartments are separated by vertical plates that are fixedly and sealed to the tube sheet. Each vertical plate extends to separate the corresponding clean air transition chambers in the main pipe from each other.

[0025] The working process and synergistic effects of the three-in-one anti-condensation system: First step: Flue gas preheating (source control) A flue gas preheating unit 7 is installed in series on the duct before the main air inlet 3a. For example... Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the unit employs a hot air mixing device, which introduces waste heat from the drying system or hot air generated by an independent hot air furnace through hot air duct 71, mixing it with the mainstream high-humidity flue gas. Its control objective is to raise and stabilize the temperature of the flue gas about to enter the dust removal system at 10-30°C above the dew point temperature. This is the "source active intervention" stage of the present invention, eliminating the risk of condensation in the main flue gas at the inlet.

[0026] Second step: Thermal insulation and protection (process protection) The outer walls of the main air inlet and outlet ducts, all filter chambers 11, and ash hopper 2 are covered with a continuous, sealed, integral insulation layer. This insulation layer consists of an inner layer of insulation cotton and an outer layer of metal protective layer. Its thickness is determined based on engineering thermal calculations and is typically a standard industrial insulation thickness of 100mm to 200mm. Its function is to minimize heat loss from the system to the environment, maintain the temperature of the walls and internal components, and work in conjunction with the preheating process to ensure that the temperature of the flue gas remains above the dew point as it flows through the system. This is the "passive insulation protection" stage.

[0027] Third step: Offline spray cleaning (critical process risk prevention) The most significant improvement in this invention lies in the dust removal system. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the offline pulse jet cleaning system includes an air tank 63, a pulse valve, a jet pipe 62, and the aforementioned offline valve mechanism consisting of a valve plate 61a and a cylinder 61b.

[0028] During normal filtration (online): all valve plates 61a are in the open (raised) state. The process flow is as follows: preheated dust-laden flue gas enters the main inlet and outlet duct from the main air inlet 3a. After impacting the guide plate 31 to achieve inertial settling of large particles, the flue gas enters the lower dust chamber of the corresponding filter chamber 11 horizontally through the side air inlets 32 of each chamber. Subsequently, the flue gas passes through the filter bags from bottom to top and is purified. The purified gas enters the clean air chamber at the top of the chamber and merges into the corresponding independent clean air transition chamber. Then, it enters the common clean air collection area through the open through hole 102 at the bottom of the chamber, and is finally led out by the main fan through the main air outlet 4.

[0029] During offline cleaning: The control system first drives the cylinder corresponding to the compartment to be cleaned, causing valve plate 61a to close (fall), sealing its through-hole 102. This cuts off the connection between the clean air transition chamber and the clean air collection area corresponding to that compartment, putting that compartment in an 'offline' state. Then, pulse jet cleaning of that compartment is triggered. After a short delay, the pulse valve controlling that compartment opens instantaneously, and compressed air is sprayed into the filter bag through the jet pipe 62, achieving powerful cleaning. After cleaning is completed, valve plate 61a reopens, and the compartment resumes filtration. Each compartment undergoes offline cleaning in this sequence.

[0030] It should be noted that in the "compartment-side air intake" structure of this invention, the "offline" state does not mean completely isolating the filter chamber 11 from all connections with the main air inlet and outlet duct 100. Since flue gas continuously infiltrates through the lower chamber's side air inlet 32, the chamber still maintains airflow exchange with the system during cleaning. The core of the "offline" state achieved by this invention lies in cutting off the active exhaust channel of the clean air in the chamber by closing the valve plate 61a, causing the clean air chamber and the corresponding clean air transition chamber to lose the mainstream airflow formed by the main fan's suction, thereby greatly reducing the continuous forced influx and strong disturbance of wet flue gas during cleaning. This "quasi-static airflow" environment, combined with the aforementioned "preheating" and "insulation" measures, constitutes an optimized cleaning environment, aiming to systematically minimize the risk of condensation during cleaning, rather than pursuing absolute physical isolation.

[0031] In addition, the inner wall of ash hopper 2 can be coated with an anti-stick coating, and a bin vibrator can be installed on the outer wall. For flammable and explosive dust, an explosion-proof pressure relief device can be installed on the housing. The system is equipped with an intelligent control system that automatically controls the power of the preheating unit 7 and the operation of the dust removal system based on temperature and differential pressure sensor signals, achieving adaptive, low-energy-consumption, and stable operation. The system maintains a negative pressure operating state under the suction of a fan (not shown in the figure). Under the negative pressure drive, the dust-laden flue gas is distributed by the diversion device and enters the filter chamber through the side air inlets of each compartment, penetrating the filter bags from bottom to top.

[0032] This invention addresses the industry-wide problem of condensation and bag clogging caused by high-humidity dust in bag filters through a three-pronged system design: preheating source control, overall thermal insulation protection, and offline dust removal risk prevention. In particular, the 'offline dust removal' mode, achieved by controlling the opening and closing of the through-hole 102 on the control valve plate 61a, optimizes the dust removal environment from a working principle perspective, significantly mitigating the condensation risk that is unavoidable in traditional online dust removal, and is fundamentally different from simple heating and blowing air solutions.

[0033] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that, as shown in Example 2... Figures 8 to 10 As shown ( Figure 9 exist Figure 8 A wind-driven adaptive sliding module is added to the existing ceiling design; for clarity, this is illustrated separately. Figure 10 The fixed sleeve, cantilever bracket, and directional wind energy converter have been removed. At each filter bag installation location on the tube sheet 10, a wind-driven adaptive sliding module is installed. This module adopts a dynamic sealing architecture of "fixed sleeve-floating seal connection," replacing the active drive component with the following energy conversion system, the core of which is as follows: Energy capture unit: Directional wind power converter 300 This unit is fixed to the sliding base 204 of the floating sealing connector, located on the windward side of the filter bag or in the high-speed airflow zone at the top of the filter bag. Its core is a unidirectional rotating energy capture wheel, which can employ a micro-turbine or asymmetric cup design. Its mechanical characteristics are set so that, regardless of the direction from which the airflow impacts, its output shaft always maintains rotation in a single direction (e.g., always clockwise), thereby transforming disordered wind disturbance into ordered mechanical rotation (a Savonius-type vertical axis wind turbine can be used, consisting of two or three semi-cylindrical or special airfoil blades, symmetrically arranged along the center of the vertical axis, appearing as an "S" shape or similar from the top. The vertical axis directly serves as the output shaft, connected to the subsequent transmission mechanism. Principle: Regardless of the horizontal direction from which the wind blows, the airflow always acts on both sides of the S-shaped blades simultaneously. Due to its special curved shape, the drag or lift generated by the aerodynamic forces acting on the concave surface is always greater than the force acting on the convex surface. This asymmetrical force difference generates a torque around the central axis that always points in the same direction, thus driving the wind turbine to always rotate in one direction (e.g., clockwise)). A rigid cantilever bracket 304 is fixedly mounted on the side of the sliding base 204 of the floating sealing connector. To ensure stability under high-speed airflow, the cantilever bracket 304 adopts a triangular reinforcing rib structure. At the end of the cantilever bracket 304, a directional wind energy converter 300 is installed. The directional wind energy converter 300 is a Savonius-type vertical axis wind turbine with its plane of rotation parallel to the axis of the filter bag. The special S-shaped blade design of the wind turbine ensures that its output shaft always maintains a single direction of rotation (e.g., clockwise) under the impact of airflow from any horizontal direction.

[0034] Energy accumulation and displacement conversion unit: Mechanical progressive mechanism 301, 302 This unit converts the captured rotational motion into horizontal displacement of the slide. It mainly includes: The reduction and self-locking gear set 301 is connected to the output shaft of the energy harvesting wheel 300. It employs a large reduction ratio design to convert high-speed, low-torque into low-speed, high-torque. Key components integrate a worm gear or ratchet mechanism to ensure unidirectional motion transmission, preventing reverse rotation and achieving "cumulative locking" of displacement. The input stage gear of the reduction and self-locking gear set 301 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the energy harvesting wheel 300. This gear set uses multi-stage gears to achieve a large reduction ratio, with its final stage designed as a worm gear pair. When wind power drives the worm to rotate, it can drive the worm wheel and the connected lead screw 302 to move; when an external force attempts to reverse the system, the worm gear pair, with its inherent reverse self-locking characteristic, can immediately lock, thus ensuring that the adjustment displacement of the filter bag can only accumulate in one direction and cannot regress. The housing of the reduction and self-locking gear set 301 is fixedly installed on the side of the sliding base 204. Its input shaft is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the energy harvesting wheel 300, and its output end is drivenly connected to one end of the precision lead screw 302. The lead screw 302 is mounted on the tube sheet 10 via a bearing seat, and its axis is parallel to the preset sliding direction of the sliding base 204 (the gear set 301 integrates a steering mechanism (such as a worm gear pair) that converts the input rotation around the vertical axis into the output around the horizontal axis, and its output end is drivenly connected to one end of the horizontally arranged precision lead screw 302. The lead screw 302 is mounted on the tube sheet 10 via a bearing seat, and its axis is parallel to the preset sliding direction of the sliding base 204).

[0035] Precision lead screw transmission pair 302: The final stage output of the gear set drives a precision lead screw to rotate. A nut fixedly connected to the sliding base 204 is fitted onto the lead screw. When the lead screw is driven to rotate, the nut causes the entire sliding base to produce a precise, minute linear displacement along the lead screw axis (i.e., the preset adjustment direction). The precision lead screw 302 is supported and fixed to the lower surface of the tube sheet 10 by two bearing seats, allowing it to rotate freely around its own axis. A nut 302a fixedly connected to the sliding base 204 is fitted onto the lead screw 302. When the lead screw 302 rotates, it drives the nut 302a and the sliding base 204 fixedly connected to it to produce a linear displacement along the lead screw axis. The axis of the precision lead screw 302 is parallel to the designed sliding trajectory of the sliding base 204.

[0036] Manual reset unit: Reset handle 303 To facilitate maintenance and system initialization, a manual reset mechanism is provided. This is typically a clutchable handwheel or handle 303. When a reset is required, the self-locking of the worm gear is released by operating the handle, or the nut is disengaged from the lead screw. The lead screw can then be manually rotated in the reverse direction, pushing the sliding base 204 back to its original "zero position" and relocking it. This handle is directly and coaxially fixedly connected to the end of the precision lead screw 302 extending from the bearing housing. When initialization or maintenance of the filter bag position is required, the operator can apply torque through this handle to directly and manually drive the lead screw 302 to rotate in the reverse direction, thereby pushing the sliding base 204 back to the preset initial zero position.

[0037] At this point, the floating sealing connector (including the sliding base 204, sealing skirt 206, and guide outer wall) and its suspended filter bag assembly, as a whole, are no longer driven by a motor for horizontal movement, but by wind energy in the flow field they are in. The sealing principle is achieved by a dynamic seal formed between the flexible sealing ring 207 and the guide outer wall of the fixed sleeve 201. Specifically: In this system, when the filter bag moves horizontally, the airtightness between it and the stationary tube sheet 10 is ensured by a double-layer dynamic sealing structure (that is, the aforementioned "fixed sleeve-floating seal connection" dynamic sealing architecture), as follows: First layer: Static absolute seal (fixed layer) At each filter bag installation location on the tube sheet 10, a fixing sleeve 201 is welded and fixed. The upper end of the sleeve is permanently welded and sealed to the tube sheet 10, and there is no relative movement at this connection, forming an absolutely reliable airflow isolation barrier.

[0038] Second layer: Dynamic sliding seal (moving layer) This is the core seal that enables the sliding function, and its structure is as follows: On the lower section of the outer cylindrical surface of the fixed sleeve 201, a smooth guide outer wall is machined (the guide outer wall is the lower half of the fixed sleeve 201, and its outer wall has been precision machined, ground or polished to achieve a high degree of smoothness and roundness; this treated area is the guide outer wall), which serves as the sliding reference surface.

[0039] An annular floating seal connector is fitted over the fixed sleeve 201. The upper part of the connector is a sliding base 204, and the lower part extends into a dynamic sealing skirt 206.

[0040] Inside the dynamic sealing skirt 206, a flexible sealing ring 207 (made of a high-performance polytetrafluoroethylene composite elastomer) is embedded. Under the pre-tightening design, the inner surface of the sealing ring 207 always tightly wraps around and fits against the guide outer wall of the fixed sleeve 201.

[0041] Sealing working principle: When the wind-driven system pushes the floating sealing connector (and its suspended filter bag) horizontally, the flexible sealing ring 207 slides synchronously on the guide outer wall of the fixed sleeve 201. A tight, elastic contact is maintained between the two, forming a reliable "dynamic seal." This seal effectively blocks vertical gas leakage while allowing horizontal relative displacement, ensuring that dust-laden gas is always isolated outside the filter bag and cannot short-circuit into the upper clean air chamber.

[0042] The sealing of this system is achieved through the dynamic fit of "fixed sleeve - flexible sealing ring", which perfectly solves the traditional contradiction between "horizontal sliding" and "vertical sealing" and provides a basic guarantee for the dynamic adjustment of filter bags.

[0043] II. System Working Principle (Passive Adaptive Process) This system is a purely mechanical feedback system, which requires no external power or control signals to operate. The process is as follows: Initial state: All filter bags are located in the designed grid positions, with uniform local spacing.

[0044] Interference occurs because uneven air intake, filter bag installation deviation, or local blockage causes the local filtration velocity in area A to be significantly higher than in other areas.

[0045] Energy capture and conversion: The filter bag module located in the high wind speed area of ​​Zone A has its energy capture wheel 300 achieving higher rotational speed and kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is then decelerated and amplified by the mechanical progressive mechanisms 301 and 302, which more effectively drive the lead screw 302 to rotate.

[0046] Displacement accumulation and adjustment: The rotation of the lead screw drives the nut and sliding base 204 to move slowly and continuously in a preset direction (usually away from the direction of impact of the main airflow or the direction of dense density of adjacent filter bags). This movement directly causes the gap between the filter bag and the surrounding filter bags to gradually increase.

[0047] Establishing a new equilibrium: As the interval increases, the airflow channel through the filter bag widens, and the local wind speed decreases accordingly. The force acting on the energy capture wheel 300 also weakens, and the displacement speed slows down. Finally, when the interval increases to the point that the local wind speed drops to near the level of the overall system, the driving force and the internal resistance of the mechanism reach equilibrium, the displacement stops, and the system automatically establishes a new, more stable geometric layout with better intervals in that area.

[0048] III. Beneficial Effects of This Embodiment A true "fight fire with fire" innovation: the creativity directly transforms the root cause of filter bag wear (high-speed fluid kinetic energy) into the power to solve the wear problem (mechanical energy for adjusting the interval), realizing the recovery and utilization of harmful energy. The concept is extremely ingenious.

[0049] Zero energy consumption and high reliability: The system requires no electricity, sensors and complex controllers, and works only by pure mechanical mechanisms. It consumes zero power and avoids the risk of electrical system failure in high temperature and dusty environments. It is suitable for harsh industrial environments and theoretically has higher reliability.

[0050] Fully passive and adaptive: This system enables the filter bag cluster to make completely passive, autonomous, and continuous fine-tuning based on actual operating conditions. It is a highly biomimetic "adaptive" system that represents a novel direction for equipment intelligence.

[0051] Low maintenance costs: The structure is simpler than that of an active drive system, and long-term operation is mainly characterized by mechanical wear, making maintenance intuitive.

[0052] Those skilled in the art are well aware that filter bag systems suffer from severe abnormal filter bag damage due to factors such as small filter bag spacing (although the filter bag spacing is designed to be large, various factors can cause this, including long-term vibration from fans and machinery, which may lead to loosening of the suspension mechanism, causing the filter bag's swing center to shift and reducing the dynamic spacing) and excessively high filtration velocity. Current solutions generally include: optimizing the air inlet distribution device; ensuring installation accuracy; using high-quality frames; reducing filtration velocity; using membrane filter media for sticky dust; adjusting dust removal; and ensuring compressed air is dry. However, these measures often face trade-offs in implementation: for example, reducing filtration velocity means increasing equipment size and investment; improving the processing and installation accuracy of all components will significantly increase costs. More importantly, none of these measures change the inherent "passive rigidity" characteristic of the filter bag suspension system, meaning that once installed, its geometric layout cannot respond to changes and shifts that occur during operation. Therefore, the industry urgently needs a new approach that can actively maintain or optimize the effective filter bag spacing during system operation.

[0053] This embodiment employs reverse thinking, making the suspension mechanism movable and utilizing excessively high filtration velocity to solve the problem of small filter bag spacing. By combining the two original causes of small filter bag spacing, the problem is effectively resolved. This embodiment eliminates active drive components such as motors and cylinders, and innovatively designs a mechanical mechanism that captures and converts the kinetic energy of harmful fluids from excessively high filtration velocity into beneficial mechanical energy that drives the filter bags to slide slightly. This allows the filter bags to automatically adjust their position in high-velocity areas, mitigating localized wear.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pulse bag filter system for preventing condensation of high-humidity dust, characterized in that, This includes a group of filter chambers arranged side by side and main inlet and outlet air ducts; The filter chamber group includes multiple independent filter chambers, each of which is equipped with a filter bag and has an ash hopper connected to its lower part. One end of the main air inlet and outlet duct is provided with a main air inlet, and the other end is provided with a main air outlet. Inside the main air inlet, a flow guiding and settling structure is provided behind the main air inlet. A chamber air inlet is provided between the lower part of the side wall of the main air inlet and outlet duct and each of the filter chambers. The main air inlet and outlet duct is equipped with an upper clean air baffle, which divides the internal space of the main duct into multiple independent clean air transition chambers at the top and a clean air collection area at the bottom. The clean air collection area is directly connected to the main air outlet. The upper clean air baffle is flush with the tube sheet of the filter chamber. Each filter chamber has a clean air chamber that is directly connected to a corresponding clean air transition chamber. The upper air purification baffle plate has a through hole for each of the air purification transition chambers; each of the through holes is provided with a valve plate driven by a cylinder, the valve plate is used to open and close the through hole to control the online and offline status of the corresponding filter chamber; The flue gas preheating unit is located upstream of the main air inlet; An integral insulation layer covering the outer walls of the main air inlet and outlet ducts, filter chambers, and ash hopper; and, The pulse cleaning device includes an offline valve mechanism consisting of the valve plate and the cylinder, and a pulse jet assembly for blowing air onto the filter bag.

2. The high-humidity dust anti-condensation pulse bag filter system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flue gas preheating unit is a hot air mixing device or a hot oil coil heat exchanger; the hot air mixing device is connected to an external heat source through a hot air pipeline.

3. The high-humidity dust anti-condensation pulse bag filter system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow guiding and settling structure is an inclined baffle used to change the direction of flue gas flow and cause large dust particles to settle inertia.

4. The high-humidity dust anti-condensation pulse bag filter system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nozzle on the blowpipe is a Venturi-induced nozzle, and the outlet pressure of the air bag is set to a low pressure range of 0.2-0.35 MPa.

5. A pulse bag filter system for preventing condensation of high-humidity dust according to claim 4, characterized in that, The integral insulation layer consists of an insulation cotton layer and a metal protective layer from the inside out, with a thickness of 100mm to 200mm.

6. A pulse bag filter system for preventing condensation of high-humidity dust according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the ash hopper is lined with an anti-stick coating, and its outer wall is equipped with a hopper wall vibrator or an air cannon.

7. A pulse bag filter system for preventing condensation of high-humidity dust according to claim 6, characterized in that, The system also includes an explosion-proof pressure relief device, which is installed on the top of the main air inlet / outlet duct or the filter chamber.

8. A high-humidity dust anti-condensation pulse bag filter system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It also includes a control system, which is connected to temperature sensors and differential pressure sensors installed on the system. The control system is used to control the operation of the flue gas preheating unit according to the temperature signal, and to control the action sequence of the valve plate and the pulse jet assembly according to the differential pressure signal or the timing signal, so as to realize offline pulse cleaning.

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