A main shaft water outlet device for a lathe

Abstract

The present application relates to machine tool equipment technical field, specifically disclose a main shaft water outlet device for lathe, including the center water pipe arranged in the main shaft, the rotary joint connected in the rear end of the center water pipe, the filter assembly communicated with the rotary joint through the pipeline, the filter assembly includes the cylinder, the top of the cylinder is provided with the water outlet communicated with the rotary joint, the bottom is provided with the water inlet, the flexible filter cartridge is installed in the cylinder, the inside of the filter cartridge is provided with the spiral support, the spiral support is in contact with the inner surface of the filter cartridge, the outside of the filter cartridge is provided with the spiral extrusion assembly, the spiral extrusion assembly is in contact with the outer surface of the filter cartridge, so that the vertical section of the filter cartridge forms the sawtooth shape, the rotation of the filter cartridge is controlled, the sawtooth position is changed periodically, the impurities on the surface of the filter cartridge are subjected to dynamic disturbance, are more easily carried away by the water flow, the possibility of filter cartridge blockage is reduced, the service life of the filter cartridge is prolonged, the equipment maintenance frequency and downtime are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool equipment technology, and specifically to a spindle water outlet device for lathes. Background Technology

[0002] In CNC machine tools, machining centers, turning centers, grinding machines, and various metal cutting equipment, coolant plays multiple roles, including lubrication, cooling, chip removal, and rust prevention. It is a key medium for ensuring machining accuracy and extending tool life. With the continuous improvement of cutting efficiency, tool linear speed, and significant increases in cutting force and heat, the spray volume and circulation speed of coolant also continue to increase. This makes the coolant filtration and recovery system of machine tools a crucial factor affecting the operational stability of machining equipment. During circulation, coolant inevitably mixes with a large amount of cutting particles, grinding powder, sludge, metal shavings, resin particles, and decomposition products of the emulsion itself. If these impurities are not separated from the coolant in a timely manner, they will lead to coolant performance degradation, increased viscosity, changes in emulsion concentration, and even spoilage, ultimately affecting machining quality and equipment lifespan. Therefore, the performance of the filtration system directly determines the coolant's service life, machine tool operational stability, and maintenance costs.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN119318830B discloses a machine tool chip filtration and treatment device and method, relating to the field of filtration technology. The device includes a cylinder and a cover fixedly installed on the upper part of the cylinder, as well as an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe fixedly installed on the side of the cylinder. A first filter assembly and a second filter assembly are installed inside the cylinder. The first filter assembly is used for the first-stage filtration to remove large impurities from the chips. The first filter assembly includes a baffle fixedly installed inside the cylinder; a filter cylinder is fixedly installed on the baffle. The advantages are: the filter cylinder is cleaned by a moving partial backwashing method without stopping the filtration operation, which improves filtration efficiency and provides a better cleaning effect. Furthermore, during the backwashing process, the telescopic ring is prevented from contacting the filter cylinder, effectively preventing chips from re-entering the cylinder and causing excessive chip concentration inside, further improving filtration efficiency.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN115228140B discloses a cutting fluid oil-water separation and filtration system, including a controller and a collection box. A filter plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the collection box. The collection box is connected to an oil-water separator via a water pump. An electric push rod is fixedly connected to the outside of the collection box. The piston rod of the electric push rod passes through the collection box and is fixedly connected to a push plate. The push plate is located above the filter plate. The area of ​​the bottom of the push plate is smaller than the area of ​​the top of the push plate. A waste box is fixedly connected inside the collection box. The waste box has an inlet located away from the electric push rod and at a position corresponding to the push plate. By setting up the collection box, it is convenient to collect cutting chips, preventing excessive accumulation of chips on the filter plate and thus preventing filter plate blockage. This improves the stability of the filtration system's operation, prevents oil spillage, reduces damage to the production environment, prevents safety accidents, reduces the impact of cutting chips during the oil-water separation process, and improves the efficiency and effectiveness of oil-water separation.

[0005] Another problem with flat filter screens is the deposition of sludge and fine powder impurities. After prolonged use, coolant forms a viscous emulsion residue. These sludge-like particles, propelled by water flow, adhere more easily to the flat filter screen and combine with fine metal powder to form an adhesive layer, causing rapid filter failure. Because the structure of a flat filter screen cannot create a complex flow field, the filter surface has almost no natural scouring effect. Once trapped impurities adhere, they are difficult to remove by secondary flow, requiring brushing, backflushing, or disassembly and high-pressure cleaning to restore flow capacity, significantly increasing maintenance frequency and downtime. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a spindle water outlet device for lathes, which aims to solve the problem in related technologies that once impurities are trapped and adhere to the filter screen, they are difficult to be removed by secondary flow.

[0007] A lathe spindle water outlet device includes a central water pipe disposed within the spindle, a rotary joint connected to the rear end of the central water pipe, and a filter assembly connected to the rotary joint via a pipe. The filter assembly includes a cylindrical body with an outlet at the top communicating with the rotary joint and an inlet at the bottom. A flexible filter cartridge is installed inside the cylindrical body, and a helical support is disposed inside the filter cartridge, contacting the inner surface of the filter cartridge. A helical extrusion assembly is disposed outside the filter cartridge, contacting the outer surface of the filter cartridge, thereby forming a sawtooth shape in the vertical cross-section of the filter cartridge. A rotating unit is installed inside the filter cartridge to control the rotation of the filter cartridge relative to the helical support, thereby changing the position of the sawtooth.

[0008] Its effects are as follows: through the cooperation of the spiral support and spiral extrusion components, the filter cartridge forms a unique serrated structure, which can effectively change the flow path of the coolant and generate a complex flow field effect. When the coolant flows through the filter cartridge, due to the presence of the serrated structure, impurities are not easily deposited on the surface of the filter cartridge, and the self-cleaning ability of the filter cartridge is enhanced. The setting of the rotating unit further improves the filtration effect. By controlling the rotation of the filter cartridge, the position of the serrations can be changed periodically, so that the impurities on the surface of the filter cartridge are dynamically disturbed, making it easier to be carried away by the water flow. This significantly reduces the possibility of filter cartridge clogging, extends the service life of the filter cartridge, reduces the frequency of equipment maintenance and downtime, and improves the operating efficiency of the entire lathe cooling system.

[0009] Preferably, the spiral support includes a spiral rod, which is fixedly installed inside the cylinder. The outer diameter of the spiral rod is smaller than the inner diameter of the filter cylinder. The surface of the spiral rod is specially treated to have high wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can adapt to various chemical components that may be present in the coolant. The spiral rod ensures that while supporting the filter cylinder, it does not cause excessive resistance to the flow of coolant, thus ensuring the smooth passage of coolant.

[0010] Preferably, the spiral extrusion assembly includes two sets of arc-shaped rods and two connecting rods for connecting the two sets of arc-shaped rods respectively. Each set of arc-shaped rods is arranged in a vertical array. A control component is installed on the cylinder to control the two sets of arc-shaped rods to move closer or further apart. When the two sets of arc-shaped rods approach each other, they interlock to form a spiral shape, and the inner diameter of the arc-shaped rods is smaller than the outer diameter of the spiral rods. This allows the spiral extrusion assembly to apply appropriate extrusion force to the outer surface of the filter cartridge, enhancing the stability of the serrated structure of the filter cartridge. The surface of the arc-shaped rods is treated with a special coating, which provides good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and minimizes friction with the filter cartridge, ensuring long-term use.

[0011] Preferably, the control component includes a hydraulic rod fixedly mounted on the cylinder, the stroke direction of the hydraulic rod being in the radial direction of the cylinder, the piston rod of the hydraulic rod being connected to a connecting rod, and a guide component being installed between the connecting rod and the cylinder. The hydraulic rod, through the extension and retraction of the piston rod, can control the distance between the two sets of arc-shaped rods, thereby adjusting the compression of the filter cartridge by the spiral extrusion component. The setting of the guide component ensures the stability of the connecting rod during the movement, avoiding the occurrence of arc-shaped rod deviation or jamming due to uneven force. This design not only improves the reliability of the device operation, but also further enhances the adjustability of the serrated structure of the filter cartridge.

[0012] Preferably, the guiding assembly includes a guide rod fixedly mounted on the connecting rod, and the guide rod is parallel to the stroke direction of the hydraulic rod. A guide sleeve adapted to the guide rod is installed on the cylinder. The cooperation between the guide rod and the guide sleeve can effectively limit the movement trajectory of the connecting rod, ensuring that it moves smoothly in a predetermined direction under the drive of the hydraulic rod, and further improving the stability and accuracy of the device operation.

[0013] Preferably, the two ends of the connecting rod are provided with arc-shaped bends to avoid damage caused by the tip of the connecting rod contacting the filter cartridge.

[0014] Preferably, the rotating unit includes two rotating disks respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the cylinder, and the top and bottom ends of the filter cylinder are detachably connected to the two rotating disks respectively.

[0015] Preferably, a drive wheel is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the rotating disk, a drive shaft is rotatably mounted inside the cylinder, and a transmission belt connects the drive wheel and the drive shaft.

[0016] Preferably, the filter cartridge is provided with docking rings at both the top and bottom, and the rotating disk is provided with a snap-fit ​​assembly that engages with the docking rings.

[0017] Preferably, the snap-fit ​​assembly includes a telescopic spring block disposed within the rotating disk, and the mating ring has a snap-fit ​​hole adapted to the telescopic spring block.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Through the coordinated operation of the spiral support and spiral extrusion components, the vertical cross-section of the flexible filter cartridge forms a controllable sawtooth three-dimensional folded structure, which increases the filtration area, changes the flow path of the coolant, and causes the fluid to form a high-speed impact zone and a flow disturbance zone on the front and back surfaces, respectively. This significantly improves the primary interception capacity and self-cleaning capacity of impurities, avoiding the single-sided clogging problem of traditional planar filters.

[0019] 2. By controlling the hydraulic rod to drive the external arc-shaped rod array to open and close, the filter cartridge undergoes a periodic "compression-release" deformation, with alternating peaks and troughs. The surface of the filter cartridge undergoes micro-scale sliding, utilizing the resilience of the flexible material to actively peel off attached impurities, achieving a self-cleaning effect similar to "breathing filtration". It can maintain stable flow without backwashing, significantly reducing the frequency of clogging.

[0020] 3. The flexible filter cartridge rotates periodically under the drive of the rotating unit, which makes the flow-facing area constantly change, avoiding the long-term concentration of chips, sludge or powder in the same area and preventing the formation of a stable deposit layer; the centrifugal force and shear force generated by the rotation of the filter cartridge can promote the gradual migration of attached impurities to the bottom of the cartridge, improving the clogging resistance of the filter assembly during long-term operation.

[0021] 4. The rotating unit adopts a synchronous drive structure at both ends, so that the upper and lower ends of the filter cartridge maintain the same phase movement when the whole is rotating. This avoids torsional stress caused by inconsistent speeds at both ends, improves the structural stability and service life of the flexible filter cartridge, and prevents fatigue cracking or torsional damage during long-term operation.

[0022] 5. The arc-shaped rod array of the external spiral extrusion assembly can form a complete external spiral cage under hydraulic drive, so that the filter cartridge is pressed into the spiral groove of the inner skeleton, forming a stable peak and valley structure. This makes the coolant form a composite flow field along the spiral direction on the surface of the filter cartridge, increasing the degree of fluid disturbance, making it difficult for fine powder and sludge to form an adhesion layer on the mesh surface, and significantly extending the service life of the filter cartridge.

[0023] 6. The flexible filter cartridge adopts a multi-layer composite material structure, which has both the filtration precision of metal filter layers and the flexibility and resilience of fiber materials. It can maintain the filter pore size unchanged during multiple deformations and will not break or fail due to repeated compression. Its structural life is much longer than that of traditional rigid metal filter cartridges.

[0024] 7. The filter assembly is connected in series with the spindle rotary joint in the spindle water outlet circuit. As the final filter barrier before entering the spindle cooling channel, it can effectively prevent metal chips, grinding debris or sludge from entering the spindle, avoid blockage of the spindle seal, cooling channel or tool holder, and significantly improve spindle life and machining stability.

[0025] 8. The rotating disc and the filter cartridge adopt a snap-fit ​​connection ring and telescopic spring block structure, which allows the filter cartridge to be quickly disassembled and installed. The replacement process does not require disassembling bolts or damaging sealing components, which greatly reduces the difficulty of maintenance and reduces the risk of secondary pollution caused by disassembly and installation, improving the convenience and safety of use in industrial sites. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the main shaft in this invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the filtering component in this invention.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the filter assembly after the cylinder body is removed in this invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spiral support and spiral extrusion assembly in this invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a top view of the helical support and helical extrusion assembly in this invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a front view of the spiral extrusion assembly in this invention.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a front view of the spiral support component in this invention.

[0034] Figure label: 1. Main shaft; 11. Central water pipe; 12. Rotary joint; 2. Filter assembly; 21. Cylinder; 211. Outlet; 212. Inlet; 22. Filter cartridge; 221. Connecting ring; 2211. Snap hole; 23. Spiral support; 24. Spiral extrusion assembly; 241. Arc rod; 2411. Arc bend; 242. Connecting rod; 243. Hydraulic rod; 244. Guide rod; 25. Rotating unit; 251. Rotary disk; 252. Drive wheel; 253. Drive shaft; 254. Transmission belt; 255. Telescopic spring block. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0036] like Figures 1-8 As shown, a spindle water outlet device for a lathe is installed in a convenient maintenance area at the rear or side of the CNC machine tool. In the fluid circuit connection, it is connected in series between the machine tool's water supply pump and the spindle 1, serving as the final filter barrier before the coolant enters the spindle 1. The main flow path starts from the pump outlet and ends at the cutting edge of the tool on the spindle 1. The coolant outlet device includes a central water pipe 11, a rotary joint 12, a filter assembly 2, and related connecting parts. The central water pipe 11 runs through the inside of the spindle 1, ensuring that the coolant can be directly delivered to the tool working area. The rotary joint 12 is located at the rear end of the central water pipe 11, allowing the spindle 1 to maintain a stable coolant delivery even when rotating at high speed, avoiding leakage or pressure loss caused by rotation. The filter assembly 2 is connected to the rotary joint 12 through a pipe, forming a complete flow path system for efficient filtration of the coolant entering the spindle 1. A primary filter is installed before the filter assembly 2 to filter large particulate impurities in the cutting fluid. After primary filtration, the coolant enters the filter assembly 2 for further filtration of small particulate impurities.

[0037] The filter assembly 2 includes a cylinder 21, a filter cartridge 22, a spiral support 23, a spiral extrusion assembly 24, and a rotating unit 25. The cylinder 21 is a pressure-resistant, sealed container. Considering the working pressure range of the central water outlet system, the cylinder 21 is typically made of thick-walled seamless steel pipe, cast steel, or aluminum alloy material through machining to ensure that fatigue cracking does not occur under long-term pressure pulsation. The inner wall of the cylinder 21 is treated with anti-corrosion measures, such as nickel plating, Teflon coating, or epoxy resin coating, to resist corrosion from various chemical additives and sulfur and chlorine elements in the cutting fluid. The top side of the cylinder 21 has an outlet 211, which is connected to the rotary joint 12 through a pipe; the bottom center of the cylinder 21 has an inlet 212; the bottom end of the cylinder 21 has a sludge collection tank and a drain port, connected to a drain valve, for periodically discharging metal debris or other impurities.

[0038] Unlike rigid sintered mesh or stainless steel wire mesh, the filter cartridge 22 adopts a composite multi-layer structure design, which is flexible. The inner layer of the filter cartridge 22 is a support layer, woven from nylon monofilament or polyester fiber, with a large mesh size, mainly providing mechanical strength and resilience to ensure that the filter cartridge 22 does not undergo plastic yielding during repeated deformation. The outer layer is a functional filtration layer, which is made of twill Dutch mesh woven from stainless steel wire and aramid fiber, or sintered metal fiber felt. This composite structure ensures filtration accuracy and gives the filter cartridge 22 flexibility. The upper and lower ends of the filter cartridge 22 are fixed to the docking ring 221 by mold vulcanization or adhesive bonding. The docking ring 221 is used to connect with the rotating unit 25 and transmit torque.

[0039] To support the flexible filter cartridge 22 and construct a deformable foundation, a spiral support 23 is coaxially installed inside the flexible filter cartridge 22. Its function is similar to an internal skeleton or stator. It is a metal tube that extends in a spiral bend. The outer diameter of the spiral support 23 is smaller than the natural inner diameter of the flexible filter cartridge 22, leaving a gap between them to allow the filter cartridge 22 to be installed and rotated. A column is fixedly connected to the inner side of the spiral support 23 by a crossbar. The column is fixedly installed inside the cylinder 21.

[0040] The spiral extrusion assembly 24 is located outside the flexible filter cartridge 22. This is the mechanism for achieving dynamic deformation of the filter cartridge 22. To achieve the extrusion and release of the filter cartridge 22, the assembly adopts a segmented design. Specifically, it consists of two (or three or more) symmetrically distributed arrays of arc-shaped rods 241. Each group includes a vertical connecting rod 242, on which several horizontally bent arc-shaped rods 241 are welded. Both ends of the arc-shaped rods 241 are provided with arc-shaped bends 2411. The vertical spacing of these arc-shaped rods 241 is consistent with the pitch of the internal spiral support member 23, and the arc-shaped rods 241 are aligned in space to correspond to the spiral gap of the internal spiral support member 23. The inner surface of the arc-shaped rods 241 is polished and coated to reduce the coefficient of friction and prevent scratching of the flexible filter cartridge 22 during the extrusion process. To drive the spiral extrusion assembly 24, two sets of hydraulic rods 243 or electric push rods are symmetrically installed on the wall of the cylinder 21. A guide rod 244 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 242. The guide rod 244 is parallel to the stroke direction of the hydraulic rod 243 or electric push rod. A guide sleeve adapted to the guide rod 244 is installed on the cylinder 21. The piston rod of the hydraulic rod 243 passes through the seal of the cylinder wall and is connected to the connecting rod 242. When the hydraulic rod 243 retracts, the two sets of arc rods 241 open outward and move away from the filter cartridge 22. When the hydraulic rod 243 extends, the two sets of arc rods 241 close towards the center. The front ends of the arc rods 241 are connected to each other to form a complete outer spiral cage. The inner diameter of this outer spiral cage is designed to be smaller than the outer diameter of the filter cartridge 22, so it will press the flexible filter cartridge 22 into the spiral groove of the internal spiral support 23. At this point, viewed from the vertical section, the flexible filter cartridge 22 forms a sawtooth structure with continuous alternation of crests (inner skeleton support) – troughs (outer skeleton extrusion) – crests. This deformation increases the surface area of ​​the filter cartridge 22. A guide assembly is also designed between the connecting rod 242 and the cylinder 21. The guide assembly includes a guide post fixed on the connecting rod 242 and a guide sleeve installed on the inner wall of the cylinder 21 to ensure smooth extrusion.

[0041] The rotation of the filter cartridge 22 is achieved by the rotating unit 25. The filter cartridge 22 itself needs to rotate relative to the inner and outer frames. An upper rotating disk 251 and a lower rotating disk 251 are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the inner part of the cylinder 21. The rotating disks 251 are supported on the cylinder 21 by ceramic ball bearings or hydrostatic bearings to resist axial thrust and radial load. The flexible filter cartridge 22 is inserted into these two rotating disks 251 through docking rings 221 at both ends. A telescopic spring block 255 is provided on the inner ring of the rotating disk 251. The docking ring 221 has a locking hole 2211 that matches the telescopic spring block 255, and the rotating disk 251... The cylinder 21 is integrated into a single unit. To drive the rotating disk 251, a drive shaft 253 is vertically installed on one side inside the cylinder 21, away from the areas of the inlet 212, outlet 211, and extrusion assembly. Each end of the drive shaft 253 has a synchronous pulley or gear. Correspondingly, drive wheels 252 are installed on the outer circumference of the upper and lower rotating disks 251. The outer circumferential surface of the drive wheels 252 is toothed. Through transmission belt 254 or idler pulley, the drive shaft 253 can simultaneously drive the upper and lower rotating disks 251 to rotate at the same speed and phase. This dual-end drive design avoids torsional deformation of the flexible filter cartridge 22 caused by inconsistent rotation speeds at the upper and lower ends, preventing damage to the filter cartridge 22. The drive shaft 253 is powered by a geared motor, such as a brushless DC motor or stepper motor, installed outside the cylinder 21. The motor shaft is connected to the drive shaft 253 through a magnetohydrodynamic seal or mechanical seal passing through the top cover, ensuring the sealing of the cylinder 21.

[0042] Considering that the filter cartridge 22 is a consumable and needs to be replaced periodically, this invention features a quick-release interface. A radially sliding locking slider is located inside the rotating disk 251, with a spring supporting it from behind. A corresponding locking hole is provided on the mating ring 221 of the filter cartridge 22. During installation, the filter cartridge 22 is simply pushed in; the slider retracts under pressure and automatically springs into the hole to lock, transmitting torque. During disassembly, the filter cartridge 22 can be pulled out by using a tool to pry open the slider through the inspection hole on the cartridge body 21. The entire process requires no bolt removal, reducing maintenance difficulty.

[0043] The spindle water outlet device forms the final filtration barrier between the machine tool water supply pump and the rotary joint 12 of the spindle 1. Under pressure, the coolant enters the internal flow channel from the inlet 212 at the bottom of the cylinder 21, first reaching the outer space of the flexible filter cartridge 22. Since the filter cartridge 22 is fixed to the upper and lower rotating disks 251 by the docking ring 221, and the rotating disks 251 are driven by an external geared motor via a synchronous belt, the flexible filter cartridge 22 rotates periodically during the filtration process. This prevents the surface of the filter cartridge 22 from remaining in the same flow-facing position for a long time, avoiding repeated impact and adhesion of chips, sludge, or fibrous impurities in a single area, reducing the risk of local load concentration and blockage. The high-speed flow of coolant in the outer cavity creates shear stress on the surface of the filter cartridge 22. In addition, the rotation of the filter cartridge 22 causes the filter surface to be in a constantly changing flow-facing angle. Therefore, the impurities attached to the filter surface are periodically disturbed, making it difficult to form a stable blockage layer. During the filtration process, the flexible filter cartridge 22 undergoes controllable periodic sawtooth deformation under the combined action of the spiral support 23 and the spiral extrusion assembly 24. The spiral support 23 provides crest support from the inside, while the outer arc-shaped rod array 241 closes inward when the hydraulic rod 243 extends, forcing the filter cartridge 22 to partially indent into the spiral groove, forming troughs. When the spiral outer cage is fully closed, the flexible filter cartridge 22 presents a three-dimensional folded structure of continuous alternating crests-troughs-crests, effectively increasing its effective filtration area significantly. When the fluid passes through the sawtooth structure surface, it forms a frontal and back-flow distribution. The flow velocity is higher at the frontal slope, and impurities are more easily trapped. The surrounding flow and micro-vortices formed at the back-flow slope can peel off the attached substances, making the surface of the filter cartridge 22 maintain a higher self-cleaning ability. This structure can be regarded as a dynamically adjustable "pleated filter layer", which can significantly slow down the clogging speed compared with traditional flat filter screens. When the flexible filter cartridge 22 rotates, the external spiral extrusion assembly 24 opens and closes hydraulically, causing the filter cartridge 22 to undergo a "compression-release" process. The filter cartridge 22 is made of flexible and resilient material, and its upper and lower ends are fixed to the rotating disk 251 via mating rings 221. Therefore, when the external arc-shaped rod 241 presses inward, the filter cartridge 22 experiences radial compression in the trough area, while the crest area maintains its shape due to the support of the internal skeleton. This dynamic extrusion causes microscale sliding on the surface of the filter cartridge 22, subjecting the particles attached to the mesh to relative motion shear force. The material's rebound eliminates the blockage, achieving a self-cleaning effect similar to "breathing filtration." Unlike traditional methods that rely on backwashing or high-pressure impact for clogging, this device actively peels away deposits from the filter layer surface through mechanical deformation, maintaining flow capacity without additional pumping or stopping filtration. Before and after the flexible filter cartridge 22 rotates, the pressure distribution inside the filter layer changes with the rotation. As the rotation of the filter cartridge 22 causes the flow-facing area to change position continuously, the trapped material will not stay at the same point for a long time, but will gradually migrate to the bottom of the cylinder 21 under the action of centrifugal force and fluid shear force. This helps to extend the clogging cycle of the filter layer. Compared with the traditional fixed filter cartridge, this structure is equivalent to adding dynamic disturbance and periodic deformation to the filter layer, giving it the effect of "self-vibration" and significantly improving the filtration life.

[0044] Through the synchronous drive of the upper and lower ends of the rotating unit 25, the rotation of the flexible filter cartridge 22 remains in phase, avoiding the problem of filter cartridge 22 twisting or fatigue damage caused by the difference in speed at both ends, and ensuring long-term working stability. The drive shaft 253 adopts an external motor and transmits power through a sealed structure, so that the entire filter chamber maintains high sealing performance and can adapt to the high-pressure circulation environment of machine tool coolant. Since the filter cartridge 22 is replaced frequently, the device adopts a slider-type automatic locking mechanism to realize the quick disassembly and assembly method of the filter cartridge 22 locking upon insertion and disassembling upon opening, reducing maintenance time from the traditional tens of minutes to tens of seconds, significantly improving maintenance efficiency.

[0045] In summary, this device achieves a dynamic filtration configuration that traditional spindle water outlet systems cannot achieve through the combination of a flexible filter cartridge 22, a spiral support component 23 (inner skeleton), an external spiral extrusion assembly 24, dual-end synchronous rotation, and self-cleaning drainage. This structure not only provides high filtration accuracy but also significantly improves anti-clogging capabilities through the active deformation, rotational disturbance, and three-dimensional serrated flow channel of the filter cartridge 22. This ensures that the coolant maintains a stable flow rate and cleanliness before entering the spindle 1, thereby effectively reducing tool wear, improving machining accuracy, and extending the overall lifespan of the coolant and the equipment.

[0046] The device of the present invention is connected to the CNC system of a machine tool via a PLC to form control logic. The device is equipped with sensors: a differential pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure difference between the inlet 212 and the outlet 211, which is an indicator for judging the degree of blockage of the filter cartridge 22; a pressure sensor monitors the pressure at the inlet of the spindle 1 to prevent overpressure or underpressure. To ensure long-term operation in industrial environments, the filter cartridge 21 is made of stainless steel or alloy steel in terms of materials and processes. The internal spiral support 23 is made of aluminum alloy with hard anodized surface or stainless steel with chrome plating, with a smooth surface to reduce friction and wear during the rotation of the filter cartridge 22. The external arc-shaped rod 241 is made of alloy steel with a surface coating treatment, which has high hardness and low coefficient of friction, and can protect the outer surface of the flexible filter cartridge 22. The seals are made of fluororubber to withstand various synthetic cutting fluids and base oils.

[0047] In addition, to prevent accidents, a particle sensor or turbidity meter is installed at the outlet 211. If a sudden change in turbidity is detected, indicating a rupture in the filter cartridge 22, the system will immediately stop and close the valve at the front end of the main shaft 1 to prevent contaminated liquid from entering the main shaft 1. During installation, the device should be installed vertically to facilitate sediment settling. Shut-off valves should be installed on the inlet and outlet pipes for easy maintenance. Hydraulic and electrical lines should be protected by conduits to prevent corrosion from cutting fluid. For maintenance, it is recommended to regularly check the operation of the drain valve and, depending on the operating conditions, periodically open the cylinder 21 to check the wear of the filter cartridge 22 and the condition of the rotating seals. When replacing the filter cartridge 22, check that the clips are in place to prevent them from falling off under pressure.

[0048] Usage steps: S1. Install the device in the designated position on the CNC machine tool, ensuring that the cylinder 21 is vertical, the inlet and outlet pipes are securely connected, and install a shut-off valve for subsequent maintenance.

[0049] S2. Start the hydraulic system and drive motor, check whether the spiral extrusion assembly 24 and the rotating unit 25 are operating normally, confirm that the arc rod 241 can open and close smoothly, and that the filter cartridge 22 has no obvious jamming or abnormal noise during rotation.

[0050] S3. Set the filtration parameters through the PLC control system, including the extension and retraction frequency of the hydraulic rod 243, the rotation cycle of the rotary disc 251, and the sewage discharge cycle, to ensure that the device can automatically adjust its working status according to the actual working conditions.

[0051] S4. Start the coolant circulation system and observe the pressure changes at the inlet 212 and outlet 211. Use the differential pressure sensor to monitor the blockage of the filter cartridge 22 in real time. If the differential pressure exceeds the set threshold, the self-cleaning program will be triggered.

[0052] S5. During operation, regularly check the data feedback from the particle sensor or turbidity meter. If an abnormal increase in turbidity of the effluent is found, immediately stop the machine and check whether the filter cartridge 22 is damaged. At the same time, close the valve at the front end of the main shaft 1 to prevent the spread of pollution.

[0053] S6. Clean the sludge collection tank according to the maintenance plan, check the wear of the rotary seal, and lubricate the guide assembly to ensure long-term stable operation of the device. If filter cartridge 22 needs to be replaced, complete the operation quickly through the quick-release interface to avoid affecting the production schedule.

[0054] In actual operation, the installation position of the device needs to be adjusted according to the specific layout of the machine tool to ensure the optimal flow path of the coolant. Meanwhile, to avoid the impact of external vibrations or shocks on the device, it is recommended to add vibration damping pads or fixed supports during installation to further improve stability. Furthermore, during the commissioning phase of the hydraulic system and drive motor, the operating load should be gradually increased to observe the coordination of each component and ensure that no abnormal heating or unusual noises occur.

[0055] To improve the intelligence level of the device, the PLC control system can be deeply integrated with the main control system of the machine tool. Through real-time data acquisition and analysis, the filtration parameters can be dynamically adjusted. For example, when an increase in cutting load is detected, the system can automatically speed up the rotation cycle of the filter cartridge 22 and shorten the working cycle of the spiral extrusion assembly 24, thereby adapting to higher coolant flow requirements.

[0056] During maintenance, in addition to regularly cleaning the sludge collection tank and checking the seals, it is also necessary to pay attention to the operating status of the hydraulic rod 243. If the push rod is found to be slow or not in place, the cleanliness of the hydraulic oil should be checked in time. For devices that have been running for a long time, the inside of the cylinder 21 should be thoroughly cleaned regularly, and severely worn parts such as guide columns and guide sleeves should be replaced to ensure that the device is always in the best working condition.

[0057] Finally, for different types of cutting fluids, users can select the appropriate filter cartridge 22 material and filtration precision based on its viscosity, particle content, and other characteristics. For example, for cutting fluids containing a high concentration of abrasive particles, the support layer of the filter cartridge 22 can be made of a higher-strength material to enhance the filtration effect. This flexible configuration design concept makes the device widely applicable to various processing scenarios and meets different needs.

[0058] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spindle water outlet device for a lathe, comprising a central water pipe (11) disposed within the spindle (1), a rotary joint (12) connected to the rear end of the central water pipe (11), and a filter assembly (2) connected to the rotary joint (12) via a pipe, characterized in that, The filter assembly (2) includes a cylinder (21), with an outlet (211) at the top of the cylinder (21) that communicates with the rotary joint (12) and an inlet (212) at the bottom. A flexible filter cartridge (22) is installed inside the cylinder (21). A spiral support (23) is installed inside the filter cartridge (22), and the spiral support (23) contacts the inner surface of the filter cartridge (22). A spiral extrusion assembly (24) is installed outside the filter cartridge (22), and the spiral extrusion assembly (24) contacts the outer surface of the filter cartridge (22), thereby forming a sawtooth shape in the vertical cross section of the filter cartridge. A rotating unit (25) is installed inside the filter cartridge (22) to control the rotation of the filter cartridge (22) relative to the spiral support (23), thereby changing the position of the sawtooth.

2. The lathe spindle water outlet device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral support (23) includes a spiral rod, which is fixedly installed inside the cylinder (21). The outer diameter of the spiral rod is smaller than the inner diameter of the filter cylinder (22).

3. The lathe spindle water outlet device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral extrusion assembly (24) includes two sets of arc rods (241) and two connecting rods (242) for connecting the two sets of arc rods (241) respectively. Each set of arc rods (241) is arranged in an array in the up and down direction. A control assembly for controlling the two sets of arc rods (241) to move closer or further away from each other is installed on the cylinder (21). When the two sets of arc rods (241) move closer to each other, the two sets of arc rods (241) are joined together to form a spiral shape, and the inner diameter of the arc rod (241) is smaller than the outer diameter of the spiral rod.

4. The lathe spindle water outlet device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control component includes a hydraulic rod (243) fixedly mounted on the cylinder (21). The stroke direction of the hydraulic rod (243) is in the radial direction of the cylinder (21). The piston rod of the hydraulic rod (243) is connected to the connecting rod (242). A guide component is installed between the connecting rod (242) and the cylinder (21).

5. The lathe spindle water outlet device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The guiding assembly includes a guide rod (244) fixedly installed on the connecting rod (242), and the guide rod (244) is parallel to the stroke direction of the hydraulic rod (243). A guide sleeve adapted to the guide rod (244) is installed on the cylinder (21).

6. The lathe spindle water outlet device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting rod (242) has arc-shaped bends (2411) at both ends.

7. The lathe spindle water outlet device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The rotating unit (25) includes two rotating disks (251) respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the inner cylinder (21), and the top and bottom ends of the filter cylinder (22) are detachably connected to the two rotating disks (251).

8. The lathe spindle water outlet device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A drive wheel (252) is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the rotating disk (251), and a drive shaft (253) is rotatably installed inside the cylinder (21). A transmission belt (254) connects the drive wheel (252) and the drive shaft (253).

9. The lathe spindle water outlet device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The filter cartridge (22) is provided with docking rings (221) at both the top and bottom, and the rotating disk (251) is provided with a snap-fit ​​assembly that snaps into the docking rings (221).

10. The lathe spindle water outlet device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The snap-fit ​​assembly includes a telescopic spring block (255) disposed in the rotating disk (251), and a snap-fit ​​hole (2211) adapted to the telescopic spring block (255) is provided on the docking ring (221).

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