Self-adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for cutting PCB

Abstract

The application discloses a self-adaptive clamping positioning mechanism for cutting PCB (Printed Circuit Board), which comprises a bottom plate, four floating limiting mechanisms, a plurality of telescopic supporting columns and a pressing assembly arranged on the bottom plate; the floating limiting mechanism comprises an X-axis and Y-axis screw rod mechanism and a supporting seat provided with an array of floating columns and installed at a displacement end; the top surface of each floating column is provided with an infrared detection unit and connected to a central control system; during operation, the telescopic supporting columns lift up the PCB, the control system calculates the infrared coverage rate according to the blocking signals fed back by the infrared detection units; if the coverage rate of the edge floating column is not an integer multiple of 100%, it is determined that the contact area between the edge of the PCB and the floating column is insufficient; through infrared feedback and displacement compensation logic, the application solves the problem of slippage and instability caused by insufficient edge contact when the traditional floating array is placed randomly, significantly improves the limiting precision and cutting stability, and has high automation degree.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a PCB circuit board processing equipment, specifically to an adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for PCB circuit board cutting and processing. Background Technology

[0002] During the PCB cutting process, the circuit board to be processed needs to be fixed on a base. To accommodate circuit boards of different sizes, existing technologies often employ a limiting mechanism with a floating column array. When the circuit board is placed on the floating column array, the floating columns under the pressure of gravity sink, while the unloaded floating columns remain in place, thereby achieving horizontal limiting of the circuit board edge through the height difference.

[0003] However, in practice, if the edge of the circuit board only contacts a small portion of the top surface of the floating column, the floating column will sink, but due to the small contact area, it is prone to sliding and displacement during subsequent pressing or cutting, resulting in insufficient limiting stability. Increasing the density of the floating columns would lead to a more complex structure, higher costs, and increased slenderness, making the columns more susceptible to damage. Relying on precise manual alignment would significantly reduce processing efficiency and require a high level of operator skill. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to solve the problem of unstable positioning caused by the small contact area between the edge and the support point when the PCB circuit board is placed on the floating support mechanism.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: an adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for cutting PCB circuit boards, comprising: The base plate is equipped with four floating limiting mechanisms for limiting the four corners of the PCB circuit board. Multiple telescopic support columns are installed on the base plate for synchronous lifting and lowering to support or switch the placement of the PCB circuit board; Multiple clamping components are mounted on the base plate for clamping and securing the top surface of the PCB circuit board after it has been positioned. The floating limit mechanism includes a displacement adjustment component, the movable end of which is equipped with a support base, and the support base is provided with multiple floating columns arranged in a rectangular array. Each of the floating columns is equipped with an infrared detection unit for sensing the occlusion status of the PCB circuit board, and each of the infrared detection units is electrically connected to the central control system. The central control system determines the infrared coverage rate based on the infrared signal occlusion ratio fed back by each infrared detection unit, and drives the displacement adjustment component to move the support base horizontally based on the infrared coverage rate, so that the floating columns within the projection range of the edge of the PCB circuit board are in a state of complete coverage.

[0006] Furthermore, the displacement adjustment assembly includes a Y-axis lead screw mechanism mounted on the base plate and an X-axis lead screw mechanism mounted on the movable part of the Y-axis lead screw mechanism, and the support base is fixed to the movable part of the X-axis lead screw mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, the floating column has a compression stroke and can elastically reset when no force is applied; when each of the floating columns is not subjected to force, their top surfaces are coplanar to form an adaptive support platform.

[0008] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes a column erected on the base plate and a pressure plate rotatably disposed on the top of the column, the column and the pressure plate forming an L-shaped swing clamping structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the central control system pre-stores the coordinate information of each of the floating columns and uses it to calculate the total infrared coverage of all obstructed floating columns in each of the floating limit mechanisms.

[0010] Furthermore, when the central control system detects that the total infrared coverage is not an integer multiple of 100%, it determines that there are edge floating columns that are not completely blocked. The central control system identifies the coordinates of the completely blocked floating columns, calculates the orientation of the adjacent edge floating columns, and drives the displacement adjustment component to compensate for the displacement based on the infrared coverage of the edge floating columns.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for operating the above-mentioned adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism, comprising the following steps: S1: Raise the telescopic support column and place the PCB circuit board on the telescopic support column; S2: The central control system obtains the infrared coverage of each floating column through the infrared detection unit and determines whether there are any edge floating columns that are not completely blocked. S3: If there are floating columns at the edge that are not completely covered, the central control system drives the displacement adjustment component to adjust the horizontal position of the support until all floating columns within the projection range are completely covered. S4: Retract the telescopic support column to switch the PCB circuit board to be supported by each of the floating columns; S5: Press down on the PCB circuit board to cause the loaded floating column to sink and form a height difference limit, and lock it using the clamping component.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention achieves real-time monitoring of the occlusion status of the bottom of the PCB circuit board by setting an infrared emitting unit on the top surface of each floating column and connecting it to a central control system. The central control system can identify whether there are any edge floating columns that are not completely blocked by calculating the infrared signal occlusion ratio (i.e., infrared coverage) of all floating columns in each floating limit mechanism.

[0013] 2. This invention achieves automatic compensation of the support position through the linkage of the X-axis and Y-axis lead screw mechanisms with the central control system. When the system detects that the coverage of the edge floating column is not an integer multiple of 100%, it indicates that the circuit board projection does not completely cover the support surface. At this time, the system drives the lead screw mechanism to move the support seat until the edge floating column achieves full coverage, thereby ensuring sufficient contact area between the circuit board and the floating support point, avoiding slippage caused by partial contact, and improving the stability of positioning.

[0014] 3. This invention achieves pre-positioning and switching support of the PCB circuit board by setting a telescopic support column. During the adjustment phase, the telescopic support column lifts the circuit board so that it does not contact the floating column, facilitating sensor detection and lead screw adjustment; after adjustment, the telescopic support column retracts so that the circuit board rests on the precisely positioned floating column, achieving limit positioning through the height difference.

[0015] 4. This invention achieves compatibility with PCB circuit boards of different sizes through adaptive adjustment of the four corners. Because the floating column has an elastic reset function and its support position can be flexibly moved, the operator only needs to place it initially, and the mechanism will automatically complete precise alignment and stable support. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of an adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for cutting PCB circuit boards according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention without a PCB circuit board. Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the floating limiting mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the support base and floating column array in this invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the clamping component in this invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Base plate; 100. PCB circuit board; 2. Floating limit mechanism; 201. X-axis lead screw mechanism; 202. Y-axis lead screw mechanism; 203. Support base; 204. Floating column; 3. Telescopic support column; 4. Pressing assembly; 401. Column; 402. Pressure plate. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] like Figure 1-5As shown, the present invention provides an adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for cutting PCB circuit boards. The entire mechanism is mounted on a base plate 1, which serves as the support base for mounting and supporting other functional components. Four floating limiting mechanisms 2 are arranged on the base plate 1, each located at one of the four corners of the PCB circuit board 100 to be cut. Multiple telescopic support columns 3 are also distributed on the base plate 1. The tops of these telescopic support columns 3 are on the same horizontal plane and are synchronously adjusted in height by a drive mechanism. The main function of the telescopic support columns 3 is to initially lift the PCB circuit board 100, maintaining a certain gap between it and the floating limiting mechanisms 2 below, or to retract them after positioning, allowing the PCB circuit board 100 to be supported by the floating limiting mechanisms 2. Furthermore, multiple clamping components 4 are also provided on the base plate 1 for final physical clamping and reinforcement of the PCB circuit board 100 after positioning.

[0023] Each floating limit mechanism 2 has the ability to adjust its position in a horizontal two-dimensional plane, specifically including a Y-axis lead screw mechanism 202 mounted on the base plate 1. An X-axis lead screw mechanism 201 is mounted on the movable part of the Y-axis lead screw mechanism 202, allowing the X-axis lead screw mechanism 201 to move as a whole along the Y-axis direction. A support seat 203 is fixed on the movable part of the X-axis lead screw mechanism 201, and the support seat 203 moves along the horizontal X-axis direction under the drive of the X-axis lead screw mechanism 201. Through the combined movement of the Y-axis lead screw mechanism 202 and the X-axis lead screw mechanism 201, the support seat 203 can be precisely adjusted to any coordinate position within a local range on the base plate 1. The top surface of the support seat 203 is provided with multiple floating columns 204 arranged in a rectangular array, which together form a flexible support platform. The floating columns 204 have a preset compression stroke and contain elastic elements, allowing the floating columns 204 to automatically and elastically return to their original position when not under load. When all floating columns 204 are in a state of no force, the top surfaces of all floating columns 204 are coplanar, forming a unified support reference plane.

[0024] Each floating column 204 has an integrated infrared detection unit at its top center, which is electrically connected to the central control system. The infrared detection unit identifies the degree to which its top surface is obscured by the PCB circuit board 100 by emitting infrared light and receiving reflected signals or sensing changes in light intensity. The central control system uses pre-stored coordinate information of each floating column 204 to obtain the infrared coverage rate of each floating column 204 on each support base 203 in real time. When the PCB circuit board 100 is projected onto the floating column 204, if a floating column 204 is completely obscured, its infrared coverage rate is 100%; if only half of its area is obscured, the coverage rate is 50%. The central control system calculates the total coverage rate of a single group of floating columns 204. If the total coverage rate is not an integer multiple of 100%, it determines that there is an edge floating column at the floating limit mechanism 2 that is not completely obscured. Since the floating columns 204 are arranged in a rectangular array, the system can determine the deviation distance and direction of the edge of the PCB circuit board 100 relative to the support base 203 by analyzing the coverage rate values ​​at each coordinate point.

[0025] During the adjustment process, the system first controls the telescopic support column 3 to rise, supporting the PCB circuit board 100 in the air. At this time, the PCB circuit board 100 is not in contact with the floating column 204, but its downward projection covers part of the area on the support base 203. The central control system identifies the coordinates of the completely blocked floating column 204 and determines the adjacent edge floating columns with infrared coverage between 0% and 100%. Based on the specific coverage percentage of the edge floating columns, the central control system drives the corresponding X-axis lead screw mechanism 201 and Y-axis lead screw mechanism 202 to generate compensating displacement. For example, if the coverage of a row of floating columns 204 at the lateral edge is 60%, the system controls the X-axis lead screw mechanism 201 to move the support base 203 a corresponding distance in the direction of increasing coverage area until the coverage of that row of floating columns 204 reaches 100%. Through this feedback adjustment, it is ensured that all floating columns 204 within the projection range of the PCB circuit board 100 are fully covered, thereby maximizing the effective contact area of ​​each support point and solving the risk of slippage caused by minor edge contact.

[0026] After the position adjustment is completed, the telescopic support column 3 retracts synchronously, and the PCB circuit board 100 falls vertically onto the precisely aligned floating columns 204. Due to the weight of the PCB circuit board 100 or the assisted manual pressing, the floating columns 204 within the projection range of the PCB circuit board 100 are compressed downwards, while the floating columns 204 outside the projection range remain in place. This height difference forms a horizontal physical limit at the four corners of the PCB circuit board 100, effectively preventing lateral displacement of the circuit board during the cutting process. Finally, the clamping assembly 4 is used for fastening. The column 401 of the clamping assembly 4 is fixed to the base plate 1, and the pressure plate 402 at the top of the column 401 can rotate around its connecting shaft. Rotating the pressure plate 402 causes its horizontal section to press against the upper surface edge of the PCB circuit board 100, and the L-shaped lever arm firmly presses the PCB circuit board 100 onto the sunken floating columns 204, thus completing the entire process from adaptive adjustment to rigid clamping, ensuring the stability of processing accuracy.

[0027] In summary, the adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for PCB circuit board cutting of the present invention achieves flexible support and rigid clamping of the PCB circuit board 100 to be cut by setting a floating limiting mechanism 2, a telescopic support column 3, and a clamping component 4 on the base plate 1. Through the array of floating columns 204 on the support base 203 in conjunction with an infrared detection unit, and by using a central control system to calculate the infrared coverage and drive the X-axis lead screw mechanism 201 and the Y-axis lead screw mechanism 202 for displacement compensation, it is ensured that the edge projection of the PCB circuit board 100 can completely cover the top surface of a single floating column 204, thereby achieving a stable limiting effect through the height difference.

[0028] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for cutting PCB circuit boards, characterized in that, include: The base plate (1) is equipped with four floating limiting mechanisms (2) for limiting the four corners of the PCB circuit board (100). Multiple telescopic support columns (3) are installed on the base plate (1) for synchronous lifting and lowering to support or switch the placement of the PCB circuit board (100). Multiple clamping components (4) are installed on the base plate (1) for clamping and fastening the top surface of the PCB circuit board (100) after it is positioned; The floating limit mechanism (2) includes a displacement adjustment component, and a support base (203) is installed on the movable end of the displacement adjustment component. The support base (203) is provided with a plurality of floating columns (204) arranged in a rectangular array. Each of the floating columns (204) is provided with an infrared detection unit for sensing the occlusion state of the PCB circuit board (100), and each of the infrared detection units is electrically connected to the central control system. The central control system determines the infrared coverage rate based on the infrared signal occlusion ratio fed back by each infrared detection unit, and drives the displacement adjustment component to move the support base (203) according to the infrared coverage rate, so that the floating columns (204) within the edge projection range of the PCB circuit board (100) are all in a state of complete coverage.

2. The adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for cutting PCB circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement adjustment assembly includes a Y-axis lead screw mechanism (202) mounted on the base plate (1) and an X-axis lead screw mechanism (201) mounted on the movable part of the Y-axis lead screw mechanism (202), and the support base (203) is fixed to the movable part of the X-axis lead screw mechanism (201).

3. The adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for cutting PCB circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating column (204) has a compression stroke and can elastically reset when no force is applied; when each of the floating columns (204) is not applied, their top surfaces are coplanar to form an adaptive support platform.

4. The adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for cutting PCB circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (4) includes a column (401) erected on the base plate (1) and a pressure plate (402) rotatably disposed on the top of the column (401). The column (401) and the pressure plate (402) form an L-shaped swing clamping structure.

5. The adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for cutting PCB circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central control system pre-stores the coordinate information of each of the floating columns (204) and uses it to calculate the total infrared coverage of all obstructed floating columns (204) in each of the floating limit mechanisms (2).

6. The adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism for cutting PCB circuit boards according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the central control system detects that the total infrared coverage is not an integer multiple of 100%, it determines that there are edge floating columns that are not completely blocked. The central control system identifies the coordinates of the completely blocked floating column (204), calculates the orientation of the adjacent edge floating columns, and drives the displacement adjustment component to compensate for the displacement according to the infrared coverage of the edge floating columns.

7. A method for operating the adaptive clamping and positioning mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Raise the telescopic support column (3) and place the PCB circuit board (100) on the telescopic support column (3); S2: The central control system obtains the infrared coverage of each of the floating columns (204) through the infrared detection unit and determines whether there are any edge floating columns that are not completely blocked. S3: If there are floating columns on the edge that are not completely covered, the central control system drives the displacement adjustment component to adjust the horizontal position of the support (203) until all floating columns within the projection range are completely covered. S4: Retract the telescopic support column (3) to switch the PCB circuit board (100) to be supported by each of the floating columns (204); S5: Press down the PCB circuit board (100) to make the loaded floating column (204) sink to form a height difference limit, and lock it using the clamping assembly (4).

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