High-safety assembled building lifting appliance

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of high security assembled building lifting appliance, including sling and several hooks, the sling includes main sling and several auxiliary slings, balance beam is arranged between the main sling and auxiliary sling, the auxiliary sling is arranged at the corner of balance beam, the hook is connected at the bottom end of auxiliary sling.The present application is connected with embedded lifting bar on cross laminated timber by hook, presses ring beam to make suction disc contact cross laminated timber top surface, starts vacuum pump to discharge air in suction disc, under the action of atmospheric pressure, suction disc tightly adsorbs cross laminated timber, not only embedded lifting bar is stressed, surrounding area also bears lifting load due to the adsorption of suction disc, greatly reduces the working pressure of embedded lifting bar, also expands the stress range of plate body during lifting.Also avoid the problem of stress concentration at lifting point, far from the deflection of lifting point is too large.Meanwhile, the stability of lifting object is strengthened by the damping effect of balance beam and the cooperative work of many lifting points, and the operation difficulty of in-place is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of prefabricated building technology, and in particular to a high-safety prefabricated building hoist. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of prefabricated buildings, the safety, efficiency, and construction quality of the composite slab hoisting process directly affect the stability of the entire building structure and the construction progress.

[0003] Currently, the hoisting of prefabricated composite slabs mostly adopts traditional hoisting methods, which involve using pre-set lifting points and conventional lifting tools (such as wire ropes and ordinary shackles) to complete the lifting, transportation, and positioning operations. During the hoisting process, the composite slab is connected to the lifting tools through several pre-embedded lifting bars at the lifting points, and the composite slab is lifted by the lifting equipment. The weight of the composite slab is entirely supported by the pre-embedded lifting bars. However, the existing connections between the lifting bars and the composite slab's steel truss are mostly simple binding or welding, resulting in insufficient anchorage strength. During the hoisting process, safety hazards such as lifting bar pull-out or detachment are prone to occur, seriously threatening the safety of construction personnel and equipment. For long-span, large composite slabs, the pre-embedded lifting bars are insufficient to distribute the hoisting load, easily leading to excessive deflection of the slab away from the pre-embedded lifting bars, while local stress concentration occurs at the pre-embedded lifting bars, which can then cause slab fracture.

[0004] For example, a prefabricated building hoisting equipment disclosed in CN113979277A uses a support frame, maintaining rings, and second hooks to hoist composite slabs from multiple points, reducing the hoisting load at a single point. However, it is essentially still a connection between pre-embedded lifting rods and lifting equipment, and still faces the problems of stress concentration at the hoisting point and excessive deflection far from the hoisting point. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a high-safety prefabricated building lifting device that can solve the problems of stress concentration at the lifting point and excessive deflection at the lifting point in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a high-safety prefabricated building lifting device, including slings and several hooks, wherein the slings include a main sling and several auxiliary slings, a balance beam is provided between the main slings and the auxiliary slings, the auxiliary slings are arranged at the corners of the balance beam, and the hooks are connected to the bottom ends of the auxiliary slings; The auxiliary sling is connected to a ring beam via an auxiliary sling. The ring beam is fitted around the outside of the hook. Several suction cups are provided on the bottom surface of the ring beam. A vacuum pump is provided on the balance beam. An exhaust pipe is provided between the vacuum pump and the suction cups.

[0007] Preferably, the suction cup is a suction cup with multiple layers of lips.

[0008] Preferably, serrated patterns or annular grooves are provided at the lip of the suction cup.

[0009] Preferably, the suction cup is made of a modified polyurethane elastomer or silicone rubber with a hardness of 60-70 Shore A, and the modified polyurethane elastomer is a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer added with wear-resistant fillers and tear-resistant agents.

[0010] Preferably, the balance beam adopts an "I" - shaped or "day" - shaped structure.

[0011] Preferably, the ring beam adopts a circular or regular polygon annular structure, and the lifting hook is arranged at the centroid of the ring beam.

[0012] Preferably, auxiliary sling ropes are also arranged at the mid - line of the bottom surface of the balance beam.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, by setting components such as a balance beam, a ring beam, auxiliary sling ropes, a suction cup, an exhaust pipe, and a vacuum pump, when carrying out lifting work, after connecting the lifting hook with the embedded lifting bar on the laminated slab, press the ring beam to make the suction cup contact the top surface of the laminated slab, start the vacuum pump to exhaust the air in the suction cup, and under the action of atmospheric pressure, the suction cup tightly adsorbs the laminated slab. The laminated slab not only bears force at the embedded lifting bar, but also the surrounding area bears the lifting load due to the adsorption of the suction cup, greatly reducing the working pressure of the embedded lifting bar and also expanding the stress - bearing range of the slab during lifting. Thus, even if the embedded lifting bar is pulled off due to insufficient anchoring strength, the lifting work can still be safely completed under the guarantee of the suction cup and the vacuum pump. Even if the suction cup fails accidentally, the embedded lifting bar can still ensure safety. Through the damping effect of the balance beam and the coordinated work of many lifting points, the stability of the lifted object is strengthened, and the operation difficulty of positioning is reduced. At the same time, it also avoids the problems of stress concentration at the lifting points and excessive deflection far from the lifting points. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a first perspective of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a second perspective of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a first perspective of another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a second perspective of another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic three - dimensional structural view of the lifting hook of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of the lifting hook of the present invention.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Main sling; 2. Balance beam; 3. Hook; 301. Hook body; 302. Moving head; 303. Locking sleeve; 4. Secondary sling; 5. Ring beam; 6. Suction cup; 7. Vacuum pump; 8. Exhaust pipe; 9. Auxiliary sling. Detailed Implementation

[0016] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0017] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, a high-safety prefabricated building lifting device includes slings and several hooks 3. The slings include a main sling 1 and several auxiliary slings 4. A balance beam 2 is provided between the main sling 1 and the auxiliary slings 4. The auxiliary slings 4 are arranged at the corners of the balance beam 2. The hooks 3 are connected to the bottom end of the auxiliary slings 4. The auxiliary slings 4 are connected to a ring beam 5 through an auxiliary sling 9. The ring beam 5 is sleeved on the outside of the hooks 3. Several suction cups 6 are provided on the bottom surface of the ring beam 5. A vacuum pump 7 is provided on the balance beam 2. An exhaust pipe 8 is provided between the vacuum pump 7 and the suction cups 6.

[0018] Specifically, the slings and hooks 3 constitute the main part of the lifting equipment. The slings connect the hooks 3 to the lifting equipment, while the hooks 3 are attached to the pre-embedded lifting rods on the composite slab. Driven by the lifting equipment, the slings, through the hooks 3, lift the composite slab upwards. The size and material of the slings should be compatible with the components to be lifted, ensuring they can bear the weight of the components. High-strength flexible slings or galvanized steel wire ropes are suitable, with a material strength grade of not less than 1670 MPa and a safety factor of not less than 5, meeting the safety requirements for lifting prefabricated concrete components. The hooks 3 must be equipped with an anti-detachment structure. A hook 3 can be constructed including a hook body 301, a movable head 302 rotatably connected to the end of the hook body 301, and a locking sleeve 303 that rotatably engages between the hook body 301 and the movable head 302 to lock the hook body 301. This structure is simple and inexpensive. The hooks are integrally formed from forged alloy steel, pass non-destructive testing, have a rated load not less than the design lifting weight, and a safety factor ≥ 4. The balance beam 2 evenly distributes the lifting force of the crane from a single point to multiple lifting points, avoiding uneven stress, plate tilting, and localized overload caused by varying lifting point lengths and center of gravity shifts. By rationally arranging the spacing between lifting points, the mid-span bending moment of the plate can be reduced, preventing cracking and breakage of the composite slab. The balance beam 2 also helps maintain the plate's horizontal and stable lifting, preventing swaying and twisting during hoisting, facilitating precise positioning, and improving construction safety and efficiency. The balance beam 2 preferably uses Q355B low-alloy high-strength structural steel, with box-section sections offering the best rigidity and resistance to torsional deformation, or H-section sections for easy processing and high versatility. The material must meet design strength, stiffness, and stability requirements; rusted, deformed, or cracked profiles must not be used. The balance beam 2 should have sufficient strength and stiffness, with a deflection under rated load not exceeding 1 / 700 of the span.

[0019] The ring beam 5 provides an installation platform for the suction cups 6. The key design considerations for the ring beam 5 are similar to those for the balance beam 2, requiring sufficient strength and rigidity. The suction cups 6 are arranged symmetrically, uniformly, and in a multi-point distributed manner, forming a collaborative force-bearing system with the hooks 3. This effectively distributes the lifting load, reduces stress concentration at the lifting points, and minimizes mid-span deflection of the plate. In practical use, the number of suction cups 6 should be determined based on the span, weight, and rated suction force of each suction cup. The spacing between the suction cups 6 should ideally be 500–1000 mm to ensure uniform distribution of suction force and avoid localized stress concentration. The bottom of the suction cups 6 preferably adopts a flexible, high-deformation, multi-layered lip structure. The bottom surface of the lip is equipped with multiple concentric annular micro-grooves and fine serrated sealing patterns, which can adaptively fill pits and micro-cracks on the rough surface of the composite plate, achieving reliable sealing. The suction cups 6 can be installed using a spring-loaded floating system, adaptively floating up and down within a range of ±10–30 mm to ensure that all suction cups 6 can simultaneously adhere to the plate surface, preventing some suction cups from being suspended due to unevenness of the plate surface. Vacuum pump 7 is used to expel gas from suction cup 6, creating a negative pressure environment that allows for stable adsorption of the composite plate under atmospheric pressure. Vacuum pump 7 is preferably a battery-powered electric pump; specific models include Feiyue VRP-2DLi and Mewochi M18 FVP5. Eliminating the constraints of power cords, it can be used directly on construction sites, rooftops, and prefabrication yards where mains power is unavailable, significantly improving lifting flexibility and avoiding the problem of power cords swaying with the slings and affecting lifting operations. There are also no safety concerns regarding power cords. The entire machine weighs 5-10 kg and can be directly integrated into the lifting device without adding excessive extra load. The exhaust pipe 8 can be routed within the ring beam 5 and balance beam 2, reducing its exposed length.

[0020] In practical use, connect the slings to the lifting equipment, hook 3 is hooked onto the pre-embedded lifting rods of the composite slab, and press the ring beam 5 to make the suction cup 6 contact the top surface of the composite slab. Start the vacuum pump 7 to expel the air from the suction cup 6. Under atmospheric pressure, the suction cup 6 firmly adheres to the composite slab. Start the lifting equipment to move the lifting device and the composite slab upwards for lifting work. The suction cup 6 and hook 3 form a cooperative force-bearing system, effectively sharing the lifting load, reducing stress concentration at the lifting point, and minimizing the mid-span deflection of the slab.

[0021] like Figures 5 to 6 As shown, in order to improve the suction cup adsorption effect, preferably, the suction cup 6 is a suction cup with multiple layers of lips.

[0022] Specifically, the multi-layered lips form multiple independent sealing rings. Even if the outer lip experiences localized minor air leakage due to unevenness, cracks, or dust on the surface of the laminated plate, the inner lip can still maintain an effective seal, significantly reducing the overall risk of pressure loss and solving the problem of traditional single-layer suction cups easily leaking and failing to maintain pressure on rough surfaces. The multi-layered flexible lips can each undergo significant independent deformation, individually conforming to pits and textures of different depths and orientations on the rough surface. This results in a tighter contact and more complete seal compared to single-layered lips, achieving adaptive sealing even on roughened or chiseled surfaces of the laminated plate. Furthermore, a buffer negative pressure chamber can be formed between the multi-layered lips, storing a certain degree of vacuum. Even with minor air leakage, it can maintain a safe negative pressure for a longer period. Combined with a vacuum pressure replenishment system, this further enhances the safety and stability of the lifting process. Minor warping and unevenness are inevitable during the production and stacking of laminated plates. The multi-layered lips can compensate for height differences in different areas, ensuring that the overall sealing effect is not affected by slight unevenness of the plate surface. It has advantages such as good sealing effect, strong pressure holding capacity, excellent anti-disturbance performance, long service life and strong adaptability to rough surfaces, fundamentally solving the technical problem that traditional single-layer suction cups are difficult to effectively adsorb on the top surface of composite plates.

[0023] To further improve the adsorption effect, preferably, the lip of the suction cup 6 is provided with a serrated pattern or an annular groove.

[0024] Specifically, the serrated pattern can embed into the micro-dimples, micro-cracks, and roughened textures on the top surface of the composite slab, forming a multi-point interlocking seal, significantly improving the sealing reliability on rough and uneven surfaces. Multiple serrations form multiple independent sealing rings, preventing localized leakage from spreading to the entire suction cup and effectively avoiding overall pressure loss. The serrated pattern increases the friction between the lip and the concrete slab surface, making it less prone to slippage or edge detachment during lifting vibrations and slight displacement. Under vacuum negative pressure, the tooth tips further press against the slab surface, forming a self-reinforcing seal; the greater the suction force, the more reliable the seal. For specific settings, refer to the following parameters: tooth height: 0.3–0.8 mm; tooth width: 0.3–0.6 mm; tooth spacing: 0.3–0.6 mm; number of teeth: 3–6 rings.

[0025] The annular groove can store a certain degree of vacuum, forming an auxiliary negative pressure chamber. Even with minor air leakage, it can still maintain a safe adsorption pressure. The groove makes the lip more flexible, reducing deformation resistance and allowing it to easily follow the undulations of rough surfaces, significantly improving fit. The groove reduces the actual contact area between the lip and the plate surface, resulting in higher unit pressure and easier compaction and sealing on rough surfaces. Small amounts of dust and fine sand can enter the groove at the construction site without directly damaging the main seal, improving adaptability to harsh environments. For specific settings, refer to the following parameters: groove depth: 0.5–1.2 mm; groove width: 0.8–1.5 mm; number: 1–3 grooves.

[0026] In addition, serrated patterns and annular grooves can be simultaneously provided at the lip of the suction cup 6. The serrated patterns can embed into the rough texture on the top surface of the laminated board to form multi-level interlocking seals, improving the sealing reliability and anti-slip ability; the annular grooves form a buffer negative pressure cavity, reducing the lip deformation resistance and enhancing the pressure retention performance and adaptability to rough surfaces; the combination of the two enables the suction cup to achieve stable, durable, and reliable vacuum adsorption on the roughened and chiseled top surface of the laminated board.

[0027] To achieve the purpose of further improving the adsorption effect, preferably, the suction cup 6 is made of a modified polyurethane elastomer or silicone rubber with a hardness of 60 - 70 Shore A (Shore A hardness), and the modified polyurethane elastomer is a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer added with wear-resistant fillers and tear-resistant agents.

[0028] Specifically, the modified polyurethane elastomer refers to a polyurethane-based elastomer material that has been enhanced and modified, with high elasticity, high wear resistance, high tear resistance, excellent resilience, and resistance to concrete alkaline corrosion, and is suitable for rough surface sealing. The modified polyurethane elastomer has excellent elasticity and deformation ability, can produce a large range of flexible deformation, can adaptively fill the rough pits, micro-cracks, and undulating textures on the top surface of the laminated board to achieve reliable sealing. It has high wear resistance and tear strength, is not easily worn, cracked, or chipped after long-term contact with the rough surface of concrete, and has a long service life. It has high adsorption stability and can still keep the lip in contact under the conditions of lifting vibration and slight slip, and is not easily depressurized and detached instantly.

[0029] Silicone rubber with a hardness of 60 - 70 Shore A, that is, high-hardness silica gel, has excellent flexibility and large deformation. The lip can adaptively fit the rough surface profile, and the sealing effect is better than ordinary rubber. It has outstanding high-temperature resistance and weather resistance, and is not easily hardened or brittle under sunlight and temperature changes at the construction site. Its surface is smooth and has good self-lubrication, with moderate friction with the concrete board surface, which not only ensures firm adsorption but is not easily adhered to mortar and dust. It is non-toxic, odorless, and has strong chemical stability, is not corroded by the alkaline environment of concrete, and has stable long-term use performance. Its resilience is uniform, and the lip adhesion force under negative pressure is gentle and uniform, avoiding excessive local stress and damaging the surface of the laminated board.

[0030] The lip of the vacuum suction cup of the present invention is made of a modified polyurethane elastomer or high-hardness silica gel, and both can achieve large deformation adaptive sealing, effectively solving the technical problem that traditional suction cups cannot reliably adsorb on the rough surface of the top of the laminated board.

[0031] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, to achieve the purpose of overall force balance of the balance beam, preferably, the balance beam 2 adopts an "I" - shaped or "day" - shaped structure.

[0032] Specifically, since the vacuum pump 7 is to be installed on the balance beam 2 and the weight of the vacuum pump 7 acts on the balance beam 2, if a conventional "square" - shaped balance beam is used, the weight of the vacuum pump 7 will cause eccentric loading on the balance beam 2. When the balance beam 2 adopts an "I" - shaped or "day" - shaped structure, it can not only ensure the overall symmetric structure and arrange the lifting points symmetrically and evenly, but also set the vacuum pump 7 at its centroid, avoiding eccentric loading and being beneficial to the overall force balance of the balance beam.

[0033] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, in order to achieve the purpose of making the superimposed slab uniformly stressed in the area around the embedded lifting bar, preferably, the ring beam 5 adopts a circular or regular polygon ring structure, and the lifting hook 3 is arranged at the centroid of the ring beam 5.

[0034] Specifically, the ring beam 5 adopts a circular or regular polygon ring structure, enabling it to be sleeved outside the lifting hook 3. The lifting hook 3 is at its centroid, forming a coordinated lifting structure with multiple suction cups 6 adsorbed on the periphery and the lifting hook 3 hanging in the middle. The embedded lifting bar of the superimposed slab and its surrounding area all bear the lifting load, and the lifting load is evenly distributed, which can reduce the working pressure of the embedded lifting bar. The ring beam 5 being circular or regular polygon - shaped enables several suction cups 6 to be evenly and equidistant from the lifting hook 3 on the ring beam 5, thus ensuring uniform stress around the embedded lifting bar of the superimposed slab.

[0035] In addition, since there are steel bar trusses protruding from the surface of the superimposed slab, and the embedded lifting bars are generally arranged together with the steel bar trusses. When setting the suction cups 6 on the same ring beam 5, there should be a certain spacing. The number of suction cups 6 is preferably an even number, so that the suction cups 6 can be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the steel bar truss, avoiding the situation where the setting of the steel bar truss makes it difficult for one or more suction cups 6 to adsorb the superimposed slab.

[0036] As Figures 3 to 4 shown, in order to achieve the purpose of further reducing the deflection at the mid - line of the superimposed slab, preferably, a secondary lifting cable 4 is also arranged at the mid - line of the bottom surface of the balance beam 2.

[0037] Specifically, during the lifting process of the superimposed slab in the prior art, the embedded lifting bars of the superimposed slab are generally arranged near the four corners. During lifting, the four corners of the superimposed slab are stressed, and the middle part of the slab body often faces the problem of excessive deflection. However, during the production process of the superimposed slab, there are generally no embedded lifting bars at the mid - line. Therefore, when using a conventional lifting hook to lift the superimposed slab, even if it is realized that the mid - line of the slab faces the problem of excessive deflection, it is difficult to solve it conveniently. In this embodiment, a secondary lifting cable 4 is also arranged at the mid - line of the balance beam 2. Cooperating with the suction cup 6 at the bottom of the secondary lifting cable 4, it can make the superimposed slab not only stressed at the embedded lifting bar during lifting, but also the mid - line of the slab is adsorbed and stressed by the suction cup 6, and the mid - line is directly lifted, avoiding excessive deflection caused by downward bending under its own weight at this position.

[0038] Compared to existing technologies, this invention, by incorporating components such as a balance beam 2, a ring beam 5, auxiliary lifting cables 9, suction cups 6, an exhaust pipe 8, and a vacuum pump 7, allows for efficient hoisting. After connecting the hook 3 to the pre-embedded lifting rods on the composite slab, pressing the ring beam 5 causes the suction cups 6 to contact the top surface of the composite slab. Activating the vacuum pump 7 then expels air from the suction cups 6. Under atmospheric pressure, the suction cups 6 tightly adhere to the composite slab. Not only are the pre-embedded lifting rods stressed, but the surrounding area also bears the hoisting load due to the suction cups 6, significantly reducing the working pressure on the pre-embedded lifting rods and expanding the stress range of the slab during hoisting. Therefore, even if the pre-embedded lifting rods are pulled out due to insufficient anchorage strength, the hoisting work can still be completed safely with the support of the suction cups 6 and the vacuum pump 7. Simultaneously, it avoids stress concentration at the hoisting points and excessive deflection away from the hoisting points.

[0039] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-safety prefabricated building lifting device, comprising slings and several hooks, characterized in that, The slings include a main sling and several auxiliary slings. A balance beam is provided between the main sling and the auxiliary slings. The auxiliary slings are arranged at the corners of the balance beam. The hook is connected to the bottom end of the auxiliary sling. The auxiliary sling is connected to a ring beam via an auxiliary sling. The ring beam is fitted around the outside of the hook. Several suction cups are provided on the bottom surface of the ring beam. A vacuum pump is provided on the balance beam. An exhaust pipe is provided between the vacuum pump and the suction cups.

2. The high-safety prefabricated building hoisting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suction cup is a suction cup with multiple layers of lips.

3. The high-safety prefabricated building hoisting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lip of the suction cup is provided with a serrated pattern or an annular groove.

4. The high-safety prefabricated building hoisting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The suction cup is made of modified polyurethane elastomer or silicone rubber with a hardness of 60-70 Shore A. The modified polyurethane elastomer is a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with added wear-resistant fillers and tear-resistant agents.

5. The high-safety prefabricated building hoisting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balance beam adopts an "I" or "Sun" shaped structure.

6. The high-safety prefabricated building hoisting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ring beam adopts a circular or regular polygonal ring structure, and the hook is set at the centroid of the ring beam.

7. The high-safety prefabricated building hoisting device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A secondary suspension cable is also arranged at the centerline of the bottom surface of the balance beam.

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