A method for precise proportioning of water and fertilizer for grape and stage application

Abstract

The application discloses a precise water and fertilizer matching method for grape, and relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, comprising the following steps: constructing a whole-cycle precise water and fertilizer management system of growth period targeted matching, water and fertilizer coupling and root and leaf cooperation, dividing the whole growth period of grape into five stages, adopting a coupling application mode of base fertilizer, topdressing and foliar supplementary fertilization, regulating N-P2O5-K2O matching, fertilizer and water quantity and application frequency in each stage, matching medium and trace elements and biological stimulants, synchronously supplying through water and fertilizer integration drip irrigation and combining with foliar spraying to correct nutrient deficiency. The technical problems of nutrient imbalance, low utilization rate, unstable fruit quality and high environmental risk in the existing water and fertilizer management of grape are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation technology, specifically to a method for precise water and fertilizer ratio and phased application of grapes. Background Technology

[0002] Grape growth and development have distinct stages. The requirements and absorption efficiency of water, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and micronutrients vary significantly at different growth stages. Water and fertilizer management is the core cultivation link that determines grape yield, quality and tree resistance.

[0003] Currently, water and fertilizer management in grape cultivation in my country suffers from problems such as fixed ratios and separation of water and fertilizer. Fixed ratios refer to the failure to dynamically adjust the NPK ratio according to the nutrient requirements of grapes during their growth stages, leading to nutrient imbalance. Separation of water and fertilizer often involves broadcasting topdressing and flood irrigation, resulting in severe nutrient leaching losses and a water and fertilizer utilization rate of only 50% to 65%. This not only increases cultivation costs but also causes non-point source pollution such as soil compaction and eutrophication of water bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method for precisely proportioning water and fertilizer for grapes and applying it in stages, which solves the technical problems of nutrient imbalance and low utilization rate in existing grape water and fertilizer management, resulting in unstable fruit quality and high environmental risks.

[0005] The technical solution to the above-mentioned technical problems in this application is as follows: Firstly, this application provides a precise water and fertilizer ratio for grapes, which is divided into five stages according to the grape growth period. The water and fertilizer ratios for each stage are as follows: Base fertilizer period: 2000 to 3000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters, 50 to 80 kg of special compound fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 5 to 10 kg of microbial inoculant per 667 square meters; From budding to pre-flowering stage: 5 to 8 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 0.5 to 1.0 kg of borax per 667 square meters; During the peak bloom to the end of the bloom period: 3 to 5 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 2 to 3 kg of sugar alcohol calcium per 667 square meters; During the young fruit enlargement stage: 8 to 12 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667㎡, 5 to 8 kg of sugar alcohol calcium per 667㎡, and 3 to 5 kg of alginic acid per 667㎡; Color change to maturity stage: 6 to 10 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 3 to 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per 667 square meters.

[0006] Preferably, the base fertilizer application period is 10 to 15 days after grape harvest; the bud break to pre-flowering period is 20 to 25 days after grape bud break; the full bloom to post-flowering period begins when the grape vines are 60% to 80% in full bloom and ends 3 to 5 days after the grape vines have finished flowering; the young fruit enlargement period begins 7 to 10 days after the grape vines have finished flowering and ends when the seeds harden; the color change to ripening period begins at the initial stage of grape color change and ends 10 days before grape harvest.

[0007] Preferred dosage during the young fruit enlargement stage: 8 to 12 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer, 5 to 8 kg / 667㎡ of sugar alcohol calcium, and 4 kg / 667㎡ of seaweed acid.

[0008] More preferably, the organic fertilizer is well-rotted chicken manure, sheep manure, or compost with a decomposition degree of ≥80% and an organic matter content of ≥30%; the specific components of the special compound fertilizer are: a nitrogen source of ≥8% amide nitrogen + ≥4% ammonium nitrogen, a phosphorus source of ≥15% citrate-soluble phosphorus + ≥3% water-soluble phosphorus, a potassium source of ≥15% potassium sulfate-type potassium oxide, and a filler of ≥5% diatomaceous earth; the effective viable count of the microbial agent is ≥2.0×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, specifically Bacillus subtilis ≥1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g+ Bacillus licheniformis ≥ 0.5 × 10⁻⁶ 8 CFU / g; Water-soluble fertilizer is a fully water-soluble, residue-free water-soluble fertilizer with ≤0.1% water-insoluble matter; Sugar alcohol calcium is a chelated calcium fertilizer with ≥12% calcium content; Alginic acid is a brown algae extract with ≥40% *Leptochloa crus-galli* extract.

[0009] More preferably, the organic fertilizer is a compound compost of sheep manure and straw in a ratio of 7:3, with a compost maturity of ≥85%, organic matter content ≥35%, total nitrogen ≥2.0%, total phosphorus ≥1.2%, total potassium ≥1.8%, and moisture content ≤20%; the micronutrient content in the special compound fertilizer is: iron 0.1% to 0.3%, zinc 0.1% to 0.2%, boron 0.05% to 0.1%, and magnesium 0.5% to 1.0%; microorganisms... The microbial agents are a compound of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, with humic acid and wheat bran as the carrier. The humic acid content is ≥10%, and the ratio of humic acid to wheat bran is 3:2. The sugar alcohol calcium is a compound of amino acid chelated calcium and sugar alcohol chelated calcium, with a total calcium content ≥15%. The water-soluble fertilizers include types 20-10-10, 15-15-15, 10-5-30, and 5-10-35, among which 20-1... The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the 0-10 type is 12% nitrate nitrogen, 8% amide nitrogen, 10% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble phosphorus, and 10% potassium sulfate potassium oxide; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the 15-15-15 type is 8% nitrate nitrogen, 7% amide nitrogen, 15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble phosphorus, and 15% potassium sulfate potassium oxide; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the 10-5-30 type is 10% amide nitrogen, 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble phosphorus, and the sum of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate compound potassium oxide is 30%; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the 5-10-35 type is 5% amide nitrogen, 10% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble phosphorus, and the sum of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate compound potassium oxide is 35%; the seaweed polysaccharide of the brown algae extract of *Alternaria latifolia* is ≥20%, alginic acid ≥15%, mannitol ≥3%, and plant growth regulator ≥0.05%, including cytokinins and auxins.

[0010] Secondly, this application provides a method for phased application of water and fertilizer to grapes, which involves applying water and fertilizer in five stages according to the grape's growth period. The application methods for each stage are as follows: Base fertilizer period: Base fertilizer is mixed and irrigated; Budding to pre-flowering stage: Apply via drip irrigation; During the flowering-after-flowering period: drip irrigation and foliar spraying; During the fruit enlargement stage: apply via drip irrigation; Color change to maturity stage: drip irrigation and foliar spraying.

[0011] Preferably, water and fertilizer are applied in five stages according to the grape growing season, and the application methods for each stage are as follows: Base fertilizer period: Base fertilizer is mixed with irrigation, with an irrigation amount of 40 to 50 m³ / 667 m²; From bud break to pre-flowering stage: Apply via drip irrigation, diluted 500 times, with a single application rate of 25 to 30 m³ / 667 m², an application interval of 5 to 7 days, and an application frequency of 2 to 3 times. During the flowering-post-flowering period: Drip irrigation: dilute 800 times, apply 20 to 25 m³ / 667 m² per application, and apply 1 to 2 times; Foliar spray: use a compound solution of 0.2% borax and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, apply 30 to 40 kg / 667 m² per application, apply once, and keep the nozzle at a 45-degree angle to the leaves. During the young fruit enlargement stage: apply by drip irrigation, with a dilution ratio of 500 times, a single application rate of 30 to 35 m³ / 667 m², an application interval of 7 to 10 days, and an application frequency of 3 to 4 times. Color change - maturity stage: Drip irrigation: dilute 500 times, single application of water and fertilizer is 20 to 25 m³ / 667 m², application interval is 10 to 15 days, application frequency is 2 to 3 times; Foliar spray: use 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% sugar alcohol calcium compound solution, spray application rate is 35 to 45 kg / 667 m², application frequency is 2 times, the angle between the nozzle and the leaf is 45 degrees.

[0012] More preferably, drip irrigation is carried out using an integrated water and fertilizer system, which includes a water pump, a head filter hub, a water distribution network, and drip irrigation pipes. The drip irrigation pipes have a diameter of 16 mm, a dripper spacing of 30 to 40 cm, and a dripper flow rate of 2.0 to 3.0 L / h. Operating conditions for drip irrigation: Irrigation time is selected from 9 to 11 am or 4 to 6 pm, with an ambient temperature of 15 to 28°C, a single irrigation duration of 1.5 to 2.0 hours, and a soil moisture depth of 20 to 30 cm. During drip irrigation, if there is rainfall or the relative soil moisture content is >80%, irrigation should be suspended. When irrigation is resumed, the amount of supplementary irrigation should be 70% of the original amount.

[0013] More preferably, the operating conditions for foliar spraying are as follows: choose windless or light windy weather, and avoid the high temperature period from 11 am to 3 pm. If it rains within 4 hours after spraying, it is necessary to re-spray after the rain stops, and the concentration of the re-spray should be 70% of the original concentration.

[0014] More preferably, for sandy soil, the amount of fertilizer and water used per application is reduced by 20%, and the application frequency is increased by 1 time; for clay loam soil, the amount of fertilizer and water used per application is increased by 10%, and the application interval is extended by 2-3 days.

[0015] This application provides one or more technical solutions, which have at least the following technical effects or advantages: This application provides a method for precise water and fertilizer ratio and phased application for grapes, which achieves precise ratio and dynamic regulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients at different growth stages of grapes, effectively solving the problem of the disconnect between nutrient supply and grape nutrient requirements in traditional water and fertilizer management. By synergistically applying organic fertilizer, specialized compound fertilizer, and microbial agents during the basal fertilizer stage, the foundation for soil microbial community and nutrient pool was established. High-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, combined with boron supplementation, promoted flower bud differentiation and inflorescence development during the budding-pre-flowering stage. During the full bloom-after-flowering stage, a combination of low-concentration drip irrigation and foliar spraying ensured nutrient supply while avoiding fertilizer damage during flowering. During the young fruit enlargement stage, seaweed extract biostimulant was introduced, synergistically with high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and sugar alcohol calcium, to enhance cell division activity and fruit calcium accumulation. During the color change-ripening stage, a high-potassium, low-nitrogen ratio combined with potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spraying promoted sugar conversion and color development. This phased application method achieved simultaneous and precise control of water and fertilizer through an integrated water and fertilizer system. Optimized design of drip irrigation pipe layout parameters and operating conditions ensured uniform nutrient distribution and effective absorption in the root concentration area. Soil texture adaptability adjustments further enhanced the versatility of the technical solution.

[0016] In summary, this application effectively solves problems such as flower and fruit drop, deformed fruit, and fruit cracking in grapes by targeting the ratio of water and fertilizer throughout the entire growth period and specifying the optimal fertilizer components. The fruit set rate is increased by 12-15 percentage points, the weight of a single fruit increases by 1.5-2.7g, the soluble solids content increases by 1.2-2.3 percentage points, the fruit color is uniform, the flavor is rich, and the marketability is significantly improved. The application of alginic acid further improves the fruit quality and reduces the fruit cracking rate by more than 50%. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a precise water and fertilizer ratio for grapes provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a method for applying water and fertilizer to grapes in stages, provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This application provides a method for precisely proportioning water and fertilizer for grapes and applying it in stages, which addresses the technical problems of nutrient imbalance, low utilization rate, unstable fruit quality, and high environmental risk in existing grape water and fertilizer management.

[0020] Example 1, as Figure 1As shown in the embodiment of this application, a precise water and fertilizer ratio for grapes is provided, with the water and fertilizer ratios for each stage as follows: Base fertilizer period: 2000 to 3000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters, 50 to 80 kg of special compound fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 5 to 10 kg of microbial inoculant per 667 square meters; From budding to pre-flowering stage: 5 to 8 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 0.5 to 1.0 kg of borax per 667 square meters; During the peak bloom to the end of the bloom period: 3 to 5 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 2 to 3 kg of sugar alcohol calcium per 667 square meters; During the young fruit enlargement stage: 8 to 12 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667㎡, 5 to 8 kg of sugar alcohol calcium per 667㎡, and 3 to 5 kg of alginic acid per 667㎡; Color change to maturity stage: 6 to 10 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 3 to 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per 667 square meters.

[0021] The basal fertilizer period is 10 to 15 days after grape harvest; the bud break to pre-flowering period is 20 to 25 days after grape bud break; the full bloom to post-flowering period begins when 60% to 80% of the grape vines are in full bloom and ends 3 to 5 days after the grape vines have finished flowering; the young fruit enlargement period begins 7 to 10 days after the grape vines have finished flowering and ends when the seeds harden; the color change to ripening period begins at the initial stage of grape color change and ends 10 days before grape harvest.

[0022] In this embodiment, firstly, since the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients varies at different growth stages of grapes, the basal fertilizer period focuses on restoring tree vigor and accumulating nutrients, requiring an emphasis on the input of organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer; during the budding-pre-flowering period, vegetative growth is vigorous, and the demand for nitrogen is high; during the full bloom-after-flowering period, nitrogen supply needs to be controlled to avoid excessive growth of new shoots, while supplementing with micronutrients such as boron and zinc to promote pollination and fertilization; the young fruit enlargement period is the peak period for potassium demand, which directly affects fruit cell division and enlargement; during the color change-ripening period, nitrogen needs to be controlled and potassium increased, along with calcium and magnesium elements to improve fruit sugar content and color.

[0023] Based on this, soil nutrient threshold indicators were established for each stage, including maintaining soil moisture content at 60% to 75% of field capacity, controlling soil pH within the range of 6.0 to 7.5, and controlling electrical conductivity within the range of 1.2 to 2.0 millisiemens per centimeter, to ensure that the root absorption environment is in the optimal state.

[0024] Furthermore, the fertilizer and water ratio during the young fruit enlargement period is 8 to 12 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer, 5 to 8 kg / 667㎡ of sugar alcohol calcium, and 4 kg / 667㎡ of seaweed acid.

[0025] The organic fertilizer is well-rotted chicken manure, sheep manure, or compost with a decomposition degree of ≥80% and an organic matter content of ≥30%; the specific components of the special compound fertilizer are: a nitrogen source of ≥8% amide nitrogen + ≥4% ammonium nitrogen, a phosphorus source of ≥15% citrate-soluble phosphorus + ≥3% water-soluble phosphorus, and a potassium source of ≥15% potassium sulfate-type potassium oxide; the filler is ≥5% diatomaceous earth; and the effective viable count of the microbial agent is ≥2.0×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, specifically Bacillus subtilis ≥1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g+ Bacillus licheniformis ≥ 0.5 × 10⁻⁶ 8 CFU / g; Water-soluble fertilizer is a fully water-soluble, residue-free water-soluble fertilizer with ≤0.1% water-insoluble matter; Sugar alcohol calcium is a chelated calcium fertilizer with ≥12% calcium content; Alginic acid is a brown algae extract with ≥40% *Leptochloa crus-galli* extract.

[0026] Specifically, the organic fertilizer is a compound compost of sheep manure and straw in a 7:3 ratio, with a compost maturity of ≥85%, organic matter content ≥35%, total nitrogen ≥2.0%, total phosphorus ≥1.2%, total potassium ≥1.8%, and moisture content ≤20%. The micronutrient content in the special compound fertilizer is: iron 0.1% to 0.3%, zinc 0.1% to 0.2%, boron 0.05% to 0.1%, and magnesium 0.5% to 1.0%. The microbial agents are a compound of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, with humic acid and wheat bran as the carrier. The humic acid content is ≥10%, and the ratio of humic acid to wheat bran is 3:2. The sugar alcohol calcium is a compound of amino acid chelated calcium and sugar alcohol chelated calcium, with a total calcium content ≥15%. The water-soluble fertilizers include types 20-10-10, 15-15-15, 10-5-30, and 5-10-35, among which 20-1... The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the 0-10 type is 12% nitrate nitrogen, 8% amide nitrogen, 10% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble phosphorus, and 10% potassium sulfate potassium oxide; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the 15-15-15 type is 8% nitrate nitrogen, 7% amide nitrogen, 15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble phosphorus, and 15% potassium sulfate potassium oxide; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the 10-5-30 type is 10% amide nitrogen, 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble phosphorus, and the sum of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate compound potassium oxide is 30%; the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of the 5-10-35 type is 5% amide nitrogen, 10% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble phosphorus, and the sum of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate compound potassium oxide is 35%; the seaweed polysaccharide of the brown algae extract of *Alternaria latifolia* is ≥20%, alginic acid ≥15%, mannitol ≥3%, and plant growth regulator ≥0.05%, including cytokinins and auxins.

[0027] In this embodiment, the special compound fertilizer conforms to the GB / T15063-2020 standard "Compound Fertilizers"; the water-soluble fertilizer conforms to the NY1107-2020 standard "Water-soluble Fertilizers with Macronutrients", is fully water-soluble with no residue, and has a water-insoluble content of ≤0.1%; the biological agent has an effective viable bacteria count ≥2.0×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, free from bacterial contamination; sugar alcohol calcium, alginic acid, etc. are all high-purity chelated / extracted types, meeting relevant agricultural input standards.

[0028] Example 2, as Figure 2 As shown, this application also provides a method for phased application of water and fertilizer to grapes, which involves applying water and fertilizer in five stages according to the grape's growth period. The application methods for each stage are as follows: Base fertilizer period: Base fertilizer is mixed and irrigated; Budding to pre-flowering stage: Apply via drip irrigation; During the flowering-after-flowering period: drip irrigation and foliar spraying; During the fruit enlargement stage: apply via drip irrigation; Color change to maturity stage: drip irrigation and foliar spraying.

[0029] In this embodiment, firstly, during the basal fertilizer application period, a deep application and covering method is adopted. Organic fertilizer and special compound fertilizer are mixed and applied into the root-dense layer in trenches, with the trench depth controlled at 40 to 50 cm. After application, the soil is covered in time and watered thoroughly to promote the absorption and storage of nutrients by the roots. Microbial agents are applied in holes, with 8 to 10 application points evenly distributed along the edge of the tree canopy projection. The amount applied at each point is 0.5 to 1.0 kg. After application, the agent is thoroughly mixed with the soil to activate the activity of the soil microbial community and accelerate the decomposition and transformation of organic matter. After the organic fertilizer, special compound fertilizer, and microbial agents are mixed and applied, irrigation is carried out in time to ensure that the fertilizer and soil are fully integrated.

[0030] Secondly, the budding-flowering period promotes vigorous growth of new shoots, drives inflorescence development, supplements boron, and promotes full flower buds, laying the foundation for flowering and pollination. At the same time, the amount of water and fertilizer should be controlled to avoid excessive growth of new shoots. A drip irrigation system should be used to apply the fertilizer with the water, and water-soluble fertilizer and borax should be pre-dissolved in the fertilizer tank to control the input of pure nutrients in a single application.

[0031] Among them, borax has a boric acid content of ≥95% and a water solubility of ≥98%. It is easily absorbed by foliar / drip irrigation application, quickly replenishes boron, promotes flower bud development and pollen germination, and reduces flower drop.

[0032] Secondly, during the peak flowering to post-flowering period, improve pollination and fertilization efficiency, reduce flower and fruit drop, supplement calcium, enhance the stress resistance of flower organs, stabilize tree vigor, and avoid physiological fruit drop caused by insufficient nutrient supply. During this period, adjust to a combination of foliar spraying and drip irrigation to ensure even fertilization on both sides of the leaves. Sugar alcohol calcium is applied by foliar spraying to quickly supplement calcium and reduce physiological fruit drop; water-soluble fertilizers are used in smaller amounts and a drip irrigation strategy is adopted to avoid excessive soil nutrient concentration that could stress the root system.

[0033] Subsequently, during the young fruit enlargement stage, promote cell division and enlargement of the young fruit, supplement potassium and calcium, strengthen the peel toughness, and reduce physiological fruit drop and cracking. At this stage, supplement with biostimulants such as alginic acid to promote root growth and enhance the tree's nutrient absorption capacity. Alginic acid is dissolved sequentially with water-soluble fertilizer and sugar alcohol calcium before drip irrigation, avoiding mixing and clumping. Alginic acid mixed with water-soluble fertilizer is applied with irrigation water, utilizing the natural growth regulators in alginic acid to promote cell division and enlargement. Simultaneously, sugar alcohol calcium continues to be supplemented through alternating foliar spraying and drip irrigation.

[0034] Furthermore, controlling nitrogen supply during the color-changing and ripening period promotes sugar accumulation and coloring in the fruit, increases soluble solids content, improves fruit flavor, supplements calcium, reduces pre-harvest cracking, and enhances fruit storage and transportability. Strict control of nitrogen application is crucial to prevent delayed ripening. Foliar application of sugar alcohol calcium further strengthens peel toughness, reduces pre-harvest cracking, and extends shelf life. Therefore, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is primarily applied via foliar spraying, supplemented by drip irrigation, with moderate water control to improve fruit storage resistance and flavor concentration.

[0035] Furthermore, water and fertilizer application is carried out in five stages according to the grape growing season, and the application methods for each stage are as follows: Base fertilizer period: Base fertilizer is mixed with irrigation, with an irrigation amount of 40 to 50 m³ / 667 m²; From bud break to pre-flowering stage: Apply via drip irrigation, diluted 500 times, with a single application rate of 25 to 30 m³ / 667 m², an application interval of 5 to 7 days, and an application frequency of 2 to 3 times. During the flowering-post-flowering period: Drip irrigation: dilute 800 times, apply 20 to 25 m³ / 667 m² per application, and apply 1 to 2 times; Foliar spray: use a compound solution of 0.2% borax and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, apply 30 to 40 kg / 667 m² per application, apply once, and keep the nozzle at a 45-degree angle to the leaves. During the young fruit enlargement stage: apply by drip irrigation, with a dilution ratio of 500 times, a single application rate of 30 to 35 m³ / 667 m², an application interval of 7 to 10 days, and an application frequency of 3 to 4 times. Color change - maturity stage: Drip irrigation: dilute 500 times, single application of water and fertilizer is 20 to 25 m³ / 667 m², application interval is 10 to 15 days, application frequency is 2 to 3 times; Foliar spray: use 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% sugar alcohol calcium compound solution, spray application rate is 35 to 45 kg / 667 m², application frequency is 2 times, the angle between the nozzle and the leaf is 45 degrees.

[0036] In this embodiment of the application, firstly, the appropriate fertilization method during the basal fertilizer period is the basal fertilizer mixed application irrigation method and mixed application irrigation parameters. The basal fertilizer mixed application irrigation method is an operation method in which solid basal fertilizer is evenly spread or applied in trenches, and then the fertilizer is dissolved and infiltrated by irrigation water to fully contact the soil in the root distribution layer.

[0037] Specifically, a combination of mechanical trenching and manual assistance is used. Fertilization trenches are dug 60 to 80 centimeters apart from the main trunk of the grapevines, with a width of 30 to 40 centimeters and a depth of 40 to 50 centimeters. Organic fertilizer and special compound fertilizer are applied in layers. After laying the bottom layer of organic fertilizer, 5 to 10 centimeters of soil are covered, followed by the application of special compound fertilizer and thorough mixing. Finally, the soil is covered and leveled. Irrigation is carried out using a combination of flood irrigation and drip irrigation. First, 40 to 50 cubic meters of water per 667 square meters are flooded to bring the relative soil moisture content to 70% to 75%. Then, drip irrigation tape is laid between the rows. 2 to 3 supplementary irrigations are carried out within 7 to 10 days after the application of base fertilizer, with a single irrigation volume of 8 to 10 cubic meters per 667 square meters. This ensures that the soil moisture depth in the dense root zone reaches more than 60 centimeters, promoting fertilizer dissolution and root absorption.

[0038] For the budding-pre-flowering stage, a pressure-compensated drip irrigation system is used, with the dripper flow rate controlled at 2 to 3 liters per hour and the dripper spacing at 30 cm. The drippers are placed on both sides of the grape row, 20 to 25 cm away from the main trunk. Before fertilization, the water-soluble fertilizer and borax are fully dissolved and filtered in the fertilizer tank, with the dilution ratio strictly controlled at 500 times to avoid impurities clogging the drippers. The amount of water and fertilizer used per application is 25 to 30 cubic meters per 667 square meters, with an application interval of 5 to 7 days and an application frequency of 2 to 3 times, adjusted according to soil moisture and tree vigor. If there is continuous rainy weather, the interval is extended to 10 days, and if there is significant drought stress, it is shortened to 3 to 4 days. Drip irrigation is carried out between 9:00 and 11:00 in the morning or between 3:00 and 5:00 in the afternoon, avoiding the high-temperature period to reduce evaporation loss. Each drip irrigation lasts for 4 to 6 hours to ensure that the water infiltration depth reaches 30 to 40 cm and the root zone soil moisture content is stable at 65% to 70% of field capacity.

[0039] The integrated fertilization method during the flowering-post-flowering period requires precise coordination of the timing of drip irrigation and foliar spraying. Drip irrigation should be carried out 3 to 5 days before flowering, using a Venturi fertilizer applicator to inject water-soluble fertilizer diluted 800 times into the drip irrigation system. The amount of water and fertilizer used per application is 20 to 25 cubic meters per 667 square meters, and the frequency is 1 to 2 times. If it rains during the flowering period, an additional application should be made. Foliar spraying should be carried out when 60% of the flowers are in full bloom, choosing a sunny day with no wind or light wind before 10:00 am. A backpack electric sprayer or drone aerial spraying should be used, with a fan-shaped mist nozzle and a working pressure of 0.3 to 0.4 MPa. A compound solution of 0.2% borax and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be evenly sprayed onto the inflorescence, the tip of new shoots, and young leaves, with an application rate of 30 to 40 kg per 667 square meters. The nozzle should be at a 45-degree angle to the leaves to ensure that the droplets fully adhere to the underside of the leaves. If it rains within 6 hours after spraying, re-spraying is required.

[0040] During the fruit enlargement stage, a high-frequency, medium-volume irrigation strategy is adopted for drip irrigation. The drip irrigation system is upgraded to a rotational irrigation system, and the vineyard is divided into several irrigation units, with each unit area controlled at 2,000 to 3,000 square meters, to achieve staggered water supply and precise control. Water-soluble fertilizer diluted 500 times with sugar alcohol calcium and seaweed acid are dissolved in separate tanks and then mixed in proportion using a fertilizer mixer. The amount of water and fertilizer used at a time is 30 to 35 cubic meters per 667 square meters, with an application interval of 7 to 10 days and an application frequency of 3 to 4 times. The specific frequency is dynamically adjusted according to the fruit enlargement rate. If the daily increase in fruit diameter is less than 0.5 mm, the interval is shortened to 5 to 6 days. If the new shoots grow too vigorously, the interval is extended and the nitrogen fertilizer ratio is reduced. The irrigation time is extended to 6 to 8 hours, and the water infiltration depth is required to reach more than 50 cm to ensure that the deep root system receives sufficient water and fertilizer supply. At the same time, inter-row mulching or covering with mulch is used to reduce evaporation.

[0041] The integrated fertilization method during the color-changing and ripening period emphasizes the synergistic effect of water control and potassium enhancement with foliar fertilization. Drip irrigation is applied 1 to 2 times each in the early and mid-to-late stages of color change, using a 500-fold diluted low-nitrogen, high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer. Each application uses 20 to 25 cubic meters of water and fertilizer per 667 square meters, with an interval of 10 to 15 days. Drip irrigation is stopped 15 to 20 days before fruit harvest, and only plain water irrigation is used to maintain the tree's water balance. Foliar spraying is applied when the color-changing rate reaches 30%. Apply the solution once each at 70% and 70% concentrations, using a compound solution of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% sugar alcohol calcium. The application rate is 35 to 45 kg / 667 square meters. The nozzle should be at a 45-degree angle to the leaves. Focus on spraying the functional leaves and fruit clusters near the fruit to promote sugar transfer to the fruit and enhance the toughness of the peel. The interval between the two applications should be 10 to 12 days. The application time should be after 4 pm to take advantage of the absorption effect of nighttime dew to improve fertilizer efficiency. Stop all foliar spraying operations 10 days before harvest.

[0042] Furthermore, drip irrigation application is carried out using a water and fertilizer integration system. The water and fertilizer integration system includes a water pump, a head filtration hub, a water distribution pipeline network, and drip irrigation pipes. Among them, the diameter of the drip irrigation pipes is 16 mm, the spacing between drip emitters is 30 to 40 cm, and the flow rate of the drip emitters is 2.0 to 3.0 L / h. Operating conditions for drip irrigation application: The irrigation time is selected from 9 to 11 am or 16 to 18 pm, the ambient temperature is 15 to 28 °C, the duration of a single irrigation is 1.5 to 2.0 hours, and the depth of soil moisture is 20 to 30 cm. Among them, during the drip irrigation operation, if rainfall occurs or the relative soil moisture content > 80%, irrigation is suspended, and when resuming irrigation, the supplementary irrigation amount is 70% of the original amount.

[0043] Furthermore, operating conditions for foliar spraying: Select windless or light wind weather and avoid the high-temperature period from 11 to 15 noon. Among them, if rainfall occurs within 4 hours after spraying, it is necessary to re-spray after the rain stops, and the re-spraying concentration is 70% of the original concentration.

[0044] Among them, a method for staged application of water and fertilizer for grapes is for sandy soil, reducing the single application amount of water and fertilizer by 20% and increasing the application frequency by 1 time; for clay loam, increasing the single application amount of water and fertilizer by 10% and extending the application interval by 2 - 3 days.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, first, the head filtration hub of the water and fertilizer integration system adopts a two-stage series configuration of a sand filter and a screen filter, with a filtration accuracy of more than 120 mesh, removing sediment, algae, and organic impurities in the water source to prevent clogging of the drip emitters; the water distribution pipeline network uses PVC pipes, with a main pipe diameter of 75 to 90 mm and a branch pipe diameter of 32 to 50 mm, and the pressure-bearing grade is not less than 0.6 MPa. The pipeline network layout adopts a "rich" shape or a loop design to ensure the pressure balance of each irrigation unit, and the pressure variation coefficient is controlled within 10%; the drip irrigation pipes are selected as internally inserted patch-type drip emitters, with a diameter of 16 mm, a wall thickness of 0.6 to 0.8 mm, a spacing between drip emitters of 30 to 40 cm, and a drip emitter flow rate of 2.0 to 3.0 liters per hour. When laying, the drip emitters face upward, and the burial depth is 2 to 3 cm or surface covered to prevent ultraviolet aging and mechanical damage. Furthermore, after each drip irrigation fertilization, flush the pipeline with clean water for 15 - 20 min to prevent pipeline clogging.

[0046] Secondly, the timing of irrigation is optimized based on the coupling of grape physiological rhythms and environmental factors. Irrigation during the period from 9 to 11 am, when temperatures gradually rise, leaf stomatal opening increases, and root absorption activity is enhanced, is beneficial for simultaneous water and fertilizer absorption. During the period from 4 to 6 pm, light intensity weakens, transpiration pull decreases, and soil moisture redistribution is sufficient at night after irrigation, reducing deep seepage losses. Ambient temperature is strictly controlled between 15 and 28°C. Below 15°C, root metabolism slows down, and water and fertilizer absorption efficiency decreases; above 28°C, soil evaporation is intense, easily leading to root hypoxia stress. Each irrigation session lasts 1.5 to 2.0 hours, monitored in real-time by soil moisture sensors to ensure a stable soil moisture depth of 20 to 30 cm, corresponding to the effective distribution range of the dense root layer of grapes.

[0047] Secondly, the rainfall response mechanism is based on dynamic monitoring of soil moisture. When the relative soil moisture content exceeds 80%, the roots are in an oxygen-deficient environment. Continued irrigation will exacerbate anaerobic respiration, leading to root damage and nutrient loss. At this point, an automatic pause command is triggered. Irrigation resumes once the relative soil moisture content returns to a suitable range, with the supplemental irrigation amount set at 70% of the original amount. This replenishes the crop's transpiration losses while avoiding nutrient leaching caused by excessive irrigation. This mechanism is achieved through the linkage of IoT sensors and intelligent control valves. The sensors are buried at two depths of 20 cm and 40 cm, with data collection every 30 minutes, and the control response delay does not exceed 2 hours.

[0048] Specifically, the selection of meteorological conditions for foliar spraying follows the "three avoidances" principle: avoiding strong winds that cause droplet drift, avoiding periods of high temperature that cause leaf burn, and avoiding rainfall that leads to fertilizer loss. Windless or light wind weather is defined as wind speeds below 3 meters per second, at which point the droplet deposition efficiency of the fan-shaped spray nozzles is highest. Between 11:00 AM and 3:00 PM, leaf temperatures can reach above 35°C, causing some stomata to close, and high-concentration fertilizer solutions evaporate too quickly, easily forming salt-induced burn spots on the leaf surface. Rainfall within 4 hours after spraying is the main window for nutrient penetration and absorption; if rainfall occurs, the washout loss rate can reach over 60%. After the rain stops, a re-spray with 70% of the original concentration is necessary to replenish the washed-out nutrients and avoid excessively high cumulative concentrations.

[0049] Furthermore, based on a method for precise water and fertilizer ratio and phased application of grapes, this application also provides three sets of gradient ratio examples, a single fertilizer reduction experiment, a fertilization frequency adjustment experiment, a seaweed acid-specific experiment, and two basic control groups to further describe the invention in detail. These examples are only for explaining the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the invention. The experimental site was located in a greenhouse grape base in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. The soil type was loam, with a soil pH of 6.5–7.0, soil organic matter content of 1.8%–2.2%, nitrogen content of 1.1–1.3 g / kg, phosphorus content of 0.7–0.9 g / kg, and potassium content of 1.4–1.6 g / kg. The cultivation mode was greenhouse rain-sheltered cultivation, with varieties including Kyoho, Summer Black, and Sunshine Rose. The vines were 3 years old, with a plant spacing of 1.5m × 2.5m, and consistent cultivation management (shaping, pruning, and pest and disease control). All experimental groups were replicated three times, with a plot area of ​​667㎡ and an experimental period of one year.

[0050] First, a basic control group 1 was set up: traditional water and fertilizer management, namely, basal fertilizer broadcasting + topdressing broadcasting + flood irrigation. The basal fertilizer was 2500 kg of organic fertilizer / 667㎡ + 70 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) / 667㎡. The topdressing was urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate were randomly broadcast, and flood irrigation was used for water supply. Basic control group 2: Conventional drip irrigation and fertilization management, i.e. no foliar fertilization, fixed ratio, water-soluble fertilizer (15-15-15) is used throughout the growth period, drip irrigation application, no foliar fertilization.

[0051] The testing indicators include fruit setting rate, water and fertilizer utilization rate, single fruit weight, soluble solids content, deformed fruit rate, cracked fruit rate, fertilizer application, and newly added root fresh weight and soil urease activity.

[0052] Secondly, in the gradient ratio implementation examples, three gradient ratios were designed based on the tree vigor and soil type. Among them, Example 4 (medium gradient) is the core optimal scheme. The amount of fertilizer used at each stage strictly follows the range of Example 1 and adopts the specific fertilizer components specified in this invention.

[0053] Example 3: Low gradient, suitable for weak trees / sandy soil 1. Base fertilizer period: 2000kg organic fertilizer / 667㎡ + 50kg special compound fertilizer (12-18-15) / 667㎡ + 5kg microbial agent / 667㎡, irrigate 40m³ / 667㎡; 2. Budding to pre-flowering stage: 5 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer (20-10-10) + 0.5 kg / 667㎡ of borax, drip irrigation twice, 25 m³ / 667㎡ each time, with an interval of 7 days; 3. From full bloom to end of bloom: Apply 3 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer (15-15-15) + 2 kg / 667㎡ of sugar alcohol calcium, drip irrigation once, 20 m³ / 667㎡; foliar spray with 0.2% borax + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 kg / 667㎡. 4. During the young fruit enlargement stage: 8 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer (10-5-30) + 5 kg / 667㎡ of sugar alcohol calcium + 3 kg / 667㎡ of seaweed acid, drip irrigation 3 times, 30m³ / 667㎡ each time, with an interval of 10 days; 5. Color change - maturity stage: Water-soluble fertilizer (5-10-35) 6kg / 667㎡ + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3kg / 667㎡, drip irrigation twice, 20m³ / 667㎡ each time, 15 days apart; foliar spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% sugar alcohol calcium, twice, 35kg / 667㎡ each time.

[0054] Example 4: Medium gradient, suitable for medium-grained trees / soil 1. Base fertilizer period: 2500kg organic fertilizer / 667㎡ + 65kg special compound fertilizer (12-18-15) / 667㎡ + 7.5kg microbial agent / 667㎡, irrigate 45m³ / 667㎡; 2. Budding to pre-flowering stage: 6.5 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer (20-10-10) + 0.75 kg / 667㎡ of borax, drip irrigation twice, 27.5 m³ / 667㎡ each time, with an interval of 6 days; 3. Peak bloom to post-bloom period: 4 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer (15-15-15) + 2.5 kg / 667㎡ of sugar alcohol calcium, drip irrigation once, 22.5 m³ / 667㎡; foliar spray with 0.2% borax + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 35 kg / 667㎡; 4. During the young fruit enlargement stage: 10 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer (10-5-30) + 6.5 kg / 667㎡ of sugar alcohol calcium + 4 kg / 667㎡ of seaweed acid, drip irrigation 3 times, 32.5 m³ / 667㎡ each time, with an interval of 8.5 days; 5. Color change - maturity stage: Water-soluble fertilizer (5-10-35) 8kg / 667㎡ + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4kg / 667㎡, drip irrigation twice, 22.5m³ / 667㎡ each time, 12 days apart; foliar spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% sugar alcohol calcium, twice, 40kg / 667㎡ each time.

[0055] Example 5: High gradient, suitable for vigorous trees / clay loam soil 1. Base fertilizer period: 3000kg organic fertilizer / 667㎡ + 80kg special compound fertilizer (12-18-15) / 667㎡ + 10kg microbial agent / 667㎡, irrigate 50m³ / 667㎡; 2. Budding to pre-flowering stage: 8 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer (20-10-10) + 1.0 kg / 667㎡ of borax, drip irrigation 3 times, 30 m³ / 667㎡ each time, with an interval of 5 days; 3. From full bloom to end of bloom: 5 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer (15-15-15) + 3 kg / 667㎡ of sugar alcohol calcium, drip irrigation twice, 25 m³ / 667㎡ each time; foliar spray 40 kg / 667㎡ of 0.2% borax + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. 4. During the fruit enlargement stage: 12 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer (10-5-30) + 8 kg / 667㎡ of sugar alcohol calcium + 5 kg / 667㎡ of seaweed acid, drip irrigation 4 times, 35 m³ / 667㎡ each time, with an interval of 7 days; 5. Color change - maturity stage: 10 kg / 667㎡ of water-soluble fertilizer (5-10-35) + 5 kg / 667㎡ of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, drip irrigation 3 times, 25m³ / 667㎡ each time, 10 days apart; foliar spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% sugar alcohol calcium, 2 times, 45 kg / 667㎡ each time.

[0056] Next, conduct a single-fertilizer reduction experiment: Based on Example 4 (medium gradient), a single fertilizer reduction of 30% was set up as an experimental group. The other fertilization schemes and operation requirements were the same as in Example 4 to verify the effects of reducing the amount of single fertilizers such as organic fertilizer, special compound fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer, and microbial agent on grape growth indicators. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1. Experimental data on the effect of reducing fertilizer application rate by 30% using a single fertilizer. Then, a fertilization frequency adjustment experiment was conducted to verify the effects of different fertilization amounts: Based on Example 4 (medium gradient), experimental groups were set up with fertilization frequency reduced by 50% and increased by 50%. The other fertilization schemes and operation requirements were the same as in Example 2 to verify the effect of fertilization frequency on grape growth indicators. The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0058] Table 2. Results of the experiment on adjusting fertilization frequency Next, a specific experiment on alginate was conducted to verify its effects: Based on Example 4, gradient experimental groups of alginic acid 0 (no alginic acid control group), 3, 4, 5, and 6 kg / 667㎡ were set up. The other fertilization schemes and operation requirements were the same as those in Example 4. At the same time, the effects of different dosages of alginic acid and its synergistic effect with this technology were verified by comparing the basic control groups 1 and 2. The experimental results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0059] Table 3. Experimental results of different alginate dosages Table 4 Comparison data between the alginic acid group (4kg / 667㎡) and the baseline control group Next, a comparative experiment was conducted between the basic implementation example and the basic control group: Table 5 shows the comparison results of the core detection indicators between the three gradient ratio examples and the two basic control groups, which verifies the superiority of the overall technical solution of the present invention.

[0060] Table 5 Comparison data between the gradient formulation examples and the baseline control group Finally, the experimental results and analysis are as follows: Results of gradient formulation examples: All indicators of the three examples were significantly better than those of the basic control groups 1 and 2. Among them, Example 4 (medium gradient) had the best overall effect. Compared with control group 1, the fruit setting rate increased by 12-15 percentage points, the water and fertilizer utilization rate increased by 15-25 percentage points, the single fruit weight increased by 1.5-2.7g, the soluble solids content increased by 1.2-2.3 percentage points, the rate of deformed fruit and the rate of cracked fruit decreased by more than 70%, and the amount of chemical fertilizer used decreased by 20%-30%. Examples 3 and 5 can be flexibly adapted according to tree vigor and soil conditions, which reflects the versatility and flexibility of the present invention.

[0061] Analysis of single-fertilizer reduction experiment: Water-soluble fertilizer is the core topdressing fertilizer of this technology. After the reduction, the decrease in various indicators was the largest, indicating that the targeted ratio of water-soluble fertilizer is the key to precise nutrient supply; Organic fertilizer + microbial agent is the foundation of soil improvement and tree vigor recovery. After the reduction, indicators such as water and fertilizer utilization rate and fruit cracking rate decreased significantly, but the decrease was less than that of water-soluble fertilizer; The synergistic effect of each fertilizer type, the reduction of a single fertilizer type will lead to a decrease in growth indicators, proving the scientific nature and completeness of the fertilizer ratio of this invention.

[0062] Analysis of the fertilization frequency adjustment experiment: The fertilization frequency follows the principle of "small amount and frequent application". Reducing the frequency will lead to insufficient nutrient absorption, a significant decrease in fruit setting rate and single fruit weight, and a sharp increase in fruit cracking rate. Appropriately increasing the frequency (50%) has a slight positive impact on the indicators, but the increase is limited, indicating that the frequency design of this invention is the optimal value, taking into account both the effect and the cultivation cost.

[0063] Analysis of the alginic acid-specific test: The optimal application rate of alginic acid in this technology is 4 kg / 667㎡, at which all indicators reach their peak. Exceeding this rate does not significantly improve the indicators. The core function of alginic acid is to promote root growth and improve soil. After application, the fresh weight of roots increases by 25%~35%, and the activity of soil urease increases by 15%~20%, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate and reducing the fruit cracking rate. The synergistic effect of alginic acid and the water-fertilizer coupling mode of this technology is 30% higher than that of application alone. However, the effects of alginic acid cannot be reflected due to the imbalance of nutrient supply in traditional water-fertilizer / conventional drip irrigation.

[0064] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages, and all of these advantages have been verified by multiple sets of quantitative experiments: 1. Improved yield and quality, with verifiable quantitative indicators: Through targeted water and fertilizer ratios throughout the entire growth period and clearly defined optimal fertilizer components, problems such as grape flower and fruit drop, deformed fruit, and fruit cracking are effectively solved. The fruit set rate is increased by 12-15 percentage points, the weight of a single fruit increases by 1.5-2.7g, the soluble solids content increases by 1.2-2.3 percentage points, the fruit has uniform coloring and rich flavor, and the marketability rate is significantly improved. The application of alginic acid further improves the fruit quality and reduces the fruit cracking rate by more than 50%.

[0065] 2. Significantly improved water and fertilizer utilization, resulting in cost savings and increased efficiency: The integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation coupling mode supplies water and fertilizer simultaneously, reducing nutrient leaching and water evaporation, increasing water and fertilizer utilization by 15-25 percentage points. This reduces fertilizer usage by 15-30 kg per acre and saves 80-100 m³ of water, significantly lowering cultivation costs. Experiments on reducing the amount of single fertilizer and adjusting the frequency of application have verified the optimality of this fertilization scheme, avoiding cost waste caused by over-fertilization.

[0066] 3. Precisely matched fertilizer components significantly improve absorption efficiency: The specific components, contents, and optimal ratios of all fertilizers, including organic fertilizers, special compound fertilizers, microbial agents, and water-soluble fertilizers, are clearly defined. The fertilizer components are adapted to the growth characteristics of grapes at different growth stages and the soil environment. The selection of chelated trace elements, compound microbial agents, and high-purity alginic acid improves nutrient absorption efficiency by 30% to 80% compared to conventional fertilizers.

[0067] 4. Environmentally friendly and soil-improving, achieving green cultivation: reducing fertilizer use and nutrient loss, lowering the risk of non-point source pollution such as soil compaction and water eutrophication; improving soil structure and microbial community through the application of organic fertilizer, microbial agents and alginic acid, enhancing soil urease activity and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and achieving green and sustainable development of grape cultivation.

[0068] 5. Highly adaptable and easy to promote, with standardized operation: It is compatible with mainstream table grape varieties such as Kyoho, Summer Black, and Sunshine Rose, and is suitable for various cultivation modes such as greenhouses and open fields. Differentiated solutions are designed for sandy soil, clay loam soil, and different tree vigor. All operating parameters, fertilizer dosage, and components are standardized, requiring no complicated equipment or professional skills. Growers can implement it directly according to the instructions, making it suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

[0069] 6. Synergistic effect of biostimulants, enhancing tree resistance: Precise application of alginic acid promotes grape root growth, enhances the tree's nutrient absorption capacity, and at the same time enhances the grape's resistance to drought, disease, and fruit cracking, reducing the incidence of disease by 20% and reducing the cost of pest and disease control and physiological fruit drop losses.

[0070] Furthermore, the following points should be noted: 1. Storage and application of microbial agents: Store in a cool, dry place, avoid high temperature and direct sunlight. When applying, mix evenly with organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer. Do not apply at the same time as fungicides. Allow an interval of 7 to 10 days to prevent killing beneficial bacteria.

[0071] 2. Dissolving and applying water-soluble fertilizer: Stir thoroughly with clean water to ensure complete dissolution before connecting to the drip irrigation system to avoid undissolved particles clogging the pipes; different types of fertilizers should not be mixed and dissolved separately before connecting to the system in sequence; after drip irrigation and fertilization, flush the pipes with clean water for 15-20 minutes.

[0072] 3. Soil moisture monitoring: Use a soil moisture meter to regularly test the relative soil moisture content, and adjust the irrigation amount according to the test results to avoid drought or waterlogging affecting root growth and nutrient absorption; suspend irrigation when there is rainfall or when the relative soil moisture content is >80%.

[0073] 4. Foliar fertilizer application guidelines: Strictly control the concentration of fertilizer solution to avoid leaf burn caused by excessive concentration; micronutrient fertilizers such as sugar alcohol calcium, borax, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be prepared and used immediately to ensure nutrient availability; if it rains within 4 hours after spraying, re-spray at 70% of the original concentration after the rain stops.

[0074] 5. Application requirements for alginic acid: Alginic acid should be dissolved in sequence with water-soluble fertilizer and sugar alcohol calcium before drip irrigation to avoid mixing and clumping; the optimal application period is during the fruit enlargement stage, and the optimal dosage is 4 kg / 667㎡. There is no need to apply more to reduce costs.

Claims

1. A grape-specific water and fertilizer formulation, characterized in that, Water and fertilizer ratios are formulated according to five stages of grape growth, with the following ratios for each stage: Base fertilizer period: 2000 to 3000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters, 50 to 80 kg of special compound fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 5 to 10 kg of microbial inoculant per 667 square meters; From budding to pre-flowering stage: 5 to 8 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 0.5 to 1.0 kg of borax per 667 square meters; During the peak bloom to the end of the bloom period: 3 to 5 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 2 to 3 kg of sugar alcohol calcium per 667 square meters; During the young fruit enlargement stage: 8 to 12 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667㎡, 5 to 8 kg of sugar alcohol calcium per 667㎡, and 3 to 5 kg of alginic acid per 667㎡; Color change to maturity stage: 6 to 10 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667 square meters, and 3 to 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per 667 square meters.

2. The grape precise water and fertilizer ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base fertilizer application period is 10 to 15 days after grape harvest; the bud break to pre-flowering period is 20 to 25 days after grape bud break; the full bloom to post-flowering period begins when 60% to 80% of the grape vines are in full bloom and ends 3 to 5 days after the grape vines have finished flowering; the young fruit enlargement period begins 7 to 10 days after the grape vines have finished flowering and ends when the seeds harden; the color change to ripening period begins at the initial stage of grape color change and ends 10 days before grape harvest.

3. The grape precise water and fertilizer ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the young fruit enlargement stage: 8 to 12 kg of water-soluble fertilizer per 667 square meters, 5 to 8 kg of sugar alcohol calcium per 667 square meters, and 4 kg of alginic acid per 667 square meters.

4. The grape precise water and fertilizer ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer is well-rotted chicken manure, sheep manure, or compost with a decomposition degree of ≥80% and an organic matter content of ≥30%; the specific components of the special compound fertilizer are: a nitrogen source of ≥8% amide nitrogen + ≥4% ammonium nitrogen, a phosphorus source of ≥15% citrate-soluble phosphorus + ≥3% water-soluble phosphorus, and a potassium source of ≥15% potassium sulfate-type potassium oxide; the filler is ≥5% diatomaceous earth; and the effective viable count of the microbial agent is ≥2.0×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, specifically Bacillus subtilis ≥1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g+ Bacillus licheniformis ≥ 0.5 × 10⁻⁶ 8 CFU / g; Water-soluble fertilizer is a fully water-soluble, residue-free water-soluble fertilizer with ≤0.1% water-insoluble matter; Sugar alcohol calcium is a chelated calcium fertilizer with ≥12% calcium content; Alginic acid is a brown algae extract with ≥40% *Leptochloa crus-galli* extract.

5. The grape precise water and fertilizer ratio according to claim 4, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer is a compound compost of sheep manure and straw in a 7:3 ratio. The compost has a maturity of ≥85%, organic matter content ≥35%, total nitrogen ≥2.0%, total phosphorus ≥1.2%, total potassium ≥1.8%, and moisture content ≤20%. The micronutrient content in the special compound fertilizer is: iron 0.1% to 0.3%, zinc 0.1% to 0.2%, boron 0.05% to 0.1%, and magnesium 0.5% to 1.0%. The microbial inoculant... The microbial agent is a compound of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, with humic acid and wheat bran as the carrier. The humic acid content is ≥10%, and the ratio of humic acid to wheat bran is 3:

2. The sugar alcohol calcium is a compound of amino acid chelated calcium and sugar alcohol chelated calcium, with a total calcium content ≥15%. The water-soluble fertilizers include types 20-10-10, 15-15-15, 10-5-30, and 5-10-35. Among these, the 20-10- The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of type 10 is 12% nitrate nitrogen, 8% amide nitrogen, 10% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) water-soluble phosphorus, and 10% potassium sulfate (potassium oxide). The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of type 15-15-15 is 8% nitrate nitrogen, 7% amide nitrogen, 15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) water-soluble phosphorus, and 15% potassium sulfate (potassium oxide). The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of type 10-5-30 is 10% amide nitrogen, 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) water-soluble phosphorus, and the sum of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate (potassium oxide) is 30%. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of type 5-10-35 is 5% amide nitrogen, 10% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) water-soluble phosphorus, and the sum of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate (potassium oxide) is 35%. The seaweed polysaccharide, alginic acid, mannitol, and plant growth regulators (including cytokinins and auxins) in the extract of *Alternaria latifolia* brown algae are ≥20%, ≥15%, ≥3%, and ≥0.05%.

6. A method for applying water and fertilizer to grapes in stages, characterized in that, Water and fertilizer application is carried out in five stages according to the grape growing season, and the application methods for each stage are as follows: Base fertilizer period: Base fertilizer is mixed and irrigated; Budding to pre-flowering stage: Apply via drip irrigation; During the flowering-after-flowering period: drip irrigation and foliar spraying; During the fruit enlargement stage: apply via drip irrigation; Color change to maturity stage: drip irrigation and foliar spraying.

7. The method for staged application of water and fertilizer to grapes according to claim 6, characterized in that, Water and fertilizer application is carried out in five stages according to the grape growing season, and the application methods for each stage are as follows: Base fertilizer period: Base fertilizer is mixed with irrigation, with an irrigation amount of 40 to 50 m³ / 667 m²; From bud break to pre-flowering stage: Apply via drip irrigation, diluted 500 times, with a single application rate of 25 to 30 m³ / 667 m², an application interval of 5 to 7 days, and an application frequency of 2 to 3 times. During the flowering-post-flowering period: Drip irrigation: dilute 800 times, apply 20 to 25 m³ / 667 m² per application, and apply 1 to 2 times; Foliar spray: use a compound solution of 0.2% borax and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, apply 30 to 40 kg / 667 m² per application, apply once, and keep the nozzle at a 45-degree angle to the leaves. During the young fruit enlargement stage: apply by drip irrigation, with a dilution ratio of 500 times, a single application rate of 30 to 35 m³ / 667 m², an application interval of 7 to 10 days, and an application frequency of 3 to 4 times. Color change - maturity stage: Drip irrigation: dilute 500 times, single application of water and fertilizer is 20 to 25 m³ / 667 m², application interval is 10 to 15 days, application frequency is 2 to 3 times; Foliar spray: use 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% sugar alcohol calcium compound solution, spray application rate is 35 to 45 kg / 667 m², application frequency is 2 times, the angle between the nozzle and the leaf is 45 degrees.

8. A method for staged application of water and fertilizer to grapes according to claim 6, characterized in that, Drip irrigation is carried out using an integrated water and fertilizer system, which includes a water pump, a head filter hub, a water distribution network, and drip irrigation pipes. The drip irrigation pipes have a diameter of 16mm, a dripper spacing of 30 to 40cm, and a dripper flow rate of 2.0 to 3.0L / h. Operating conditions for drip irrigation: Irrigation time is selected from 9 to 11 am or 4 to 6 pm, with an ambient temperature of 15 to 28°C, a single irrigation duration of 1.5 to 2.0 hours, and a soil moisture depth of 20 to 30 cm. During drip irrigation, if there is rainfall or the relative soil moisture content is >80%, irrigation should be suspended. When irrigation is resumed, the amount of supplementary irrigation should be 70% of the original amount.

9. A method for staged application of water and fertilizer to grapes according to claim 6, characterized in that, Foliar spraying conditions: Choose windless or light wind weather, avoiding the high temperature period from 11 am to 3 pm. If it rains within 4 hours after spraying, re-spraying is required after the rain stops, and the re-spray concentration should be 70% of the original concentration.

10. A method for staged application of water and fertilizer to grapes according to claim 6, characterized in that, For sandy soil, reduce the amount of fertilizer and water per application by 20% and increase the frequency of application by 1 time; for clay loam soil, increase the amount of fertilizer and water per application by 10% and extend the application interval by 2-3 days.

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