A planting method for promoting early maturation, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sweet orange in dry-hot valley region

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of dry-hot valley area early ripening of sugar orange is promoted, quality is increased and efficiency is increased planting method, belongs to sugar orange planting technical field.The method includes: selecting the adult fruit-bearing orchard of sugar orange after 3 years of planting, and the growth is good, and tree vigor is neat;In mid-late September to mid-late November of the year, keep soil humidity 50%-70%, and fruit tree presents day leaf drought curl, night restores normal state;In early October of the year, 30% multi-effect azole suspension concentrate 600-700 times liquid is sprayed;After fruit is picked, in mid-November of the year, and after flower bud differentiation is completed 70%-80%, pruning is carried out;In mid-late November of the year, fertilization is carried out, and is irrigated thoroughly;20% diacetate soluble powder is sprayed twice.By the method of the present application, per mu is increased by about 50%, and the fruit skin is smooth, and the fruit color and shape and size are uniform, and the fruit flesh is fresh and tender, and the solid content is significantly improved, easy to popularize and apply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rock sugar orange planting technology, specifically relating to a method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of rock sugar oranges in hot and dry river valleys. Background Technology

[0002] Osbeck (Citrus sinensis) is a superior bud mutation of the common sweet orange, originating in Hongjiang City (formerly Qianyang County), Hunan Province. It is an evergreen tree belonging to the Rutaceae family and Citrus genus, characterized by its robust growth, open canopy, and relatively thick branches. The leaves are elliptical and relatively large. The fruit is nearly round, with an elegant shape, vibrant color, and smooth peel. The flesh is crisp and tender, with a rich, sweet flavor, seedless texture, and abundant Vitamin C. Named for its rock candy-like sweetness, it is believed to have beautifying, heat-clearing, lung-moistening, vision-improving, and detoxifying effects, earning it the reputation of "the finest orange." Osbeck oranges are produced in Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Guangdong provinces, and are sold throughout major and medium-sized cities in China, as well as exported to Singapore, Vietnam, and Southeast Asian countries, enjoying great popularity among consumers. When introduced to the low-altitude, dry-hot valleys of Southwest China, Osbeck oranges have shown exceptional performance. The famous "Chu Orange" from the Yuanjiang dry-hot valley area of ​​Xinping County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, is an example of an Osbeck orange.

[0003] The Yuanjiang (Red River) and Nanpanjiang River valleys in Southwest China, at altitudes of 400m to 1100m, are characterized by long hours of sunshine, high accumulated temperature, frost-free seasons, and large temperature differences between day and night. These unique climatic resources are ideal for cultivating high-quality rock sugar oranges. Rock sugar oranges grown in this region experience rapid growth and orchard establishment. The hot and dry winter and spring seasons promote early flowering and ripening. Rock sugar oranges produced under these ecological conditions have smooth, delicate peels that are thin and easy to peel. Naturally ripened fruit has a solids content ≥12% and an acidity ≤0.8%, making it a leading high-quality rock sugar orange production base in China.

[0004] However, the unique microclimate of the low-altitude, hot and dry valleys, while favorable for the production of high-quality sugar oranges, is detrimental to yield increases. Sugar oranges grown using current techniques begin budding in mid-to-late January, enter flowering in mid-to-late February, experience their first physiological fruit drop in mid-to-late March, and their second physiological fruit drop in early to mid-April. During the first physiological fruit drop in mid-to-late March, temperatures begin to exceed 35℃; during the second physiological fruit drop in early to mid-April, temperatures frequently exceed 35℃, even reaching extreme highs of 40℃. At this time, the rainy season, typically from late May to early June, has not yet arrived. This combination of high temperatures and drought leads to significant fruit drop. The surviving fruit is smaller due to the high temperatures and drought, and the intense sunlight increases sunscald, resulting in lower yields and a lower percentage of marketable fruit, making it difficult to improve planting efficiency. Therefore, how to fully utilize the advantages and overcome the disadvantages, maximizing benefits and minimizing harm, is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed in the current sugar orange cultivation technology field in low-altitude, hot and dry valleys. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of rock sugar oranges in hot and dry river valleys.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of rock sugar oranges in hot and dry river valleys includes the following steps:

[0008] Step (1): Select a mature orchard of rock sugar oranges that has been planted for 3 years, is growing well, and has a uniform tree shape.

[0009] Step (2): Irrigate from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of that year to maintain soil moisture at 50%-70%, and the fruit trees will exhibit a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0010] Step (3): In early October of that year, spray a 600-700 times dilution of 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0011] Step (4): After the fruit is harvested, prune the tree in mid-November of the same year, when 70%-80% of the flower buds have completed differentiation, and keep the tree height at 2.4-2.6m, with the distance between the canopies of two adjacent trees at 18-22cm.

[0012] Step (5): In mid-to-late November of the same year, apply 3-5 kg ​​of organic fertilizer, 150-250 g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 80-100 g of micronutrient fertilizer to each fruit tree in the trench. After applying the fertilizer, irrigate thoroughly. While irrigating the roots, spray water on the leaves until the tree is thoroughly wet and dripping. Maintain soil moisture at 80%-95% for the next 6-8 days.

[0013] Among them, the N:P:K ratio of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in micronutrient fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0014] Step (6): When 2 / 3 of the flowers have withered, spray the leaves evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0015] After 15-20 days, spray evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping.

[0016] Step (7) involves routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0017] Furthermore, preferably, in step (4), during pruning, it is necessary to remove dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, weak branches, overly vigorous branches, excessively dense overlapping branches and crossing branches, shorten excessively long extension branches, and prune back large perennial branches or backbone branches so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m and the distance between the crowns of two adjacent trees is 18-22cm.

[0018] Furthermore, preferably, in step (5), the specific method of fertilization is to dig a cross-shaped fertilization trench with a width of 29-31cm and a depth of 29-31cm between two adjacent trees in mid-to-late November of the same year, and mix the organic fertilizer of 3kg-5kg, high nitrogen compound fertilizer of 150g-250g and medium and trace element fertilizer of 80g-100g per tree in the trench, and then spread it on the soil dug out when digging the fertilization trench. After mixing evenly, it is then backfilled into the fertilization trench.

[0019] Furthermore, preferably, in step (5), the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is ≥60%.

[0020] This invention involves irrigating from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of the same year, maintaining soil moisture at 50%-70%, and ensuring that the fruit trees exhibit a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night. There are no restrictions on the number of irrigations or the amount of water, as long as the fruit trees maintain this state of dry and curled leaves during the day and return to normal at night.

[0021] In early October of that year, the invention involved spraying paclobutrazol suspension to increase nutrient accumulation in the tree, further promote flower bud differentiation, and improve flower bud quality.

[0022] In step (4) of this invention, vigorous shoots are branches that grow due to excessive nutrients and should generally be removed; excessively long extension branches are other branches that will exceed the height and width after growth and need to be shortened. This invention does not limit the amount of shortening and can follow existing technology, as long as the height and crown width of the tree are kept within a reasonable range; the same applies to the shortening of perennial large branches or main branches, there is no limit to the amount of shortening, as long as the height and crown width of the tree are kept within a reasonable range.

[0023] After pruning in step (4) of this invention, the resulting rock sugar orange tree has a central window and a wavy outer shape, allowing for ventilation and light penetration, which promotes flower bud germination.

[0024] In step (5) of this invention, the preferred micronutrient fertilizer is Liugu Yuxing Micronutrient·Dà Méngxiang from Jinma (Kuandian) Boron Mine Co., Ltd. This invention increases humidity by spraying water on the leaves, promoting flower bud germination and improving flower bud quality.

[0025] The second application of a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution (20,000 times dilution) was carried out after the first peak of physiological fruit drop and before the second physiological fruit drop. The purpose of spraying the 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution (20,000 times dilution) was to protect the flowers and fruits.

[0026] After spraying the gibberellic acid soluble powder according to this invention, the fruit trees can be managed in accordance with conventional planting methods, such as water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control, to ensure healthy growth.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. Solved the problem of low yield. Rock sugar oranges are mainly grown in low-altitude, hot, dry river valleys at elevations of 400m to 1100m. Under conventional planting techniques, the second physiological fruit drop occurs around mid-April of the following year. At this time, temperatures above 35℃ are frequent, and extreme temperatures exceeding 40℃ exacerbate fruit drop, resulting in a yield of only about 2600 kg / mu (approximately 1800 kg / acre). Using early-maturing, quality-enhancing, and efficiency-improving techniques, the second physiological fruit drop can be brought forward to mid-March, when temperatures are between 25℃ and 28℃, suitable for rock sugar orange growth. This effectively avoids extreme temperatures above 35℃, and even above 40℃, increasing the yield to approximately 4000 kg / mu (approximately 2000 kg / acre), an increase of about 50%, demonstrating a very significant yield increase.

[0029] 2. It solved the problem of late market entry. According to conventional planting techniques, the natural ripening and market entry time for rock sugar oranges is from mid-October to mid-November of the following year, missing the peak sales period from late September (Mid-Autumn Festival) to early October (National Day). Furthermore, oranges from other producing areas begin to enter the market in early November, squeezing out other varieties. By utilizing early ripening, quality improvement, and efficiency-enhancing technologies, the natural ripening and market entry time can be brought forward to mid-September (Mid-Autumn Festival) to early October (National Day), and the oranges are basically sold out before oranges from other producing areas enter the market, thus locking in the peak sales period for rock sugar oranges.

[0030] 3. It solves the problem of low fruit quality. Conventional cultivation, when the young fruit, which has weaker resistance, is exposed to extreme temperatures above 35℃, or even 40℃, results in smaller fruit, a significant increase in sunburn, thicker and more difficult-to-peel skin, lower solids content, inconsistent fruit quality, and an overall decline in quality. Cultivation using early-ripening, quality-enhancing, and efficiency-improving techniques ensures that the fruit has set and entered the fruit-expanding stage before the extreme heat arrives. Furthermore, the weight of the branches and leaves provides shelter, resulting in smooth skin, uniform color, shape, and size, tender flesh, and significantly increased solids content. This effectively avoids the problems of inconsistent quality and low overall quality associated with conventional cultivation.

[0031] 4. It solves the problem of low planting efficiency. Conventional planting results in a late market entry and a selling price of around 4.5 yuan / kg, coupled with a low yield of around 2600 kg / mu, leading to low planting efficiency. Using early-maturing, quality-enhancing, and efficiency-improving techniques not only increases yield by about 50%, but also advances the sales time to the peak sales period, raising the selling price to around 6.5 yuan / kg, an increase of about 45%, resulting in an increase of about 1.5 times the income per mu, demonstrating a significant increase in income.

[0032] 5. Solved issues affecting quality and brand. Some growers, in order to reach the market before the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holidays, prematurely harvested the fruit before it had naturally matured to reach its inherent quality, resulting in significant negative market feedback. Other growers sprayed deacidifying agents (mainly lead arsenate) to reduce acidity and then harvested prematurely, posing serious risks to agricultural product quality and safety. These abnormal practices of premature harvesting and the use of deacidifying agents to bring the fruit to market seriously affected the improvement of rock sugar orange quality, brand building, market reputation, and safe production. By utilizing early-maturing, quality-enhancing, and efficiency-improving techniques, the fruit reached natural maturity during the prime sales period from mid-September to early October of the following year. This resulted in fruit possessing the inherent quality of rock sugar oranges, which is highly popular with consumers, facilitating brand building, enhancing market reputation, and ensuring agricultural product quality and safety. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0034] Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. Materials or equipment whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained by purchase.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of rock sugar oranges in hot and dry river valleys includes the following steps:

[0037] Step (1): Select a mature orchard of rock sugar oranges that has been planted for 3 years, is growing well, and has a uniform tree shape.

[0038] Step (2): Irrigate from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of that year to maintain soil moisture at 50%-70%, and the fruit trees will exhibit a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0039] Step (3): In early October of that year, spray a 650-fold dilution of 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0040] Step (4): After the fruit is harvested, prune the tree in mid-November of the same year, when 76-78% of the flower buds have completed differentiation, and keep the tree height at 2.4-2.6m, with the distance between the canopies of two adjacent trees at 18-22cm.

[0041] Step (5): In mid-to-late November of that year, apply 4 kg of organic fertilizer, 200 g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 90 g of medium and trace element fertilizer to each fruit tree in the trench. After applying the fertilizer, irrigate thoroughly. While irrigating the roots, spray water on the leaves until the tree is thoroughly wet and dripping. Keep the soil moisture at 80%-95% for the next 7 days.

[0042] Among them, the N:P:K ratio of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in micronutrient fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0043] Step (6): When 2 / 3 of the flowers have withered, spray the leaves evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0044] After 18 days, spray evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0045] Step (7) involves routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of rock sugar oranges in hot and dry river valleys includes the following steps:

[0048] Step (1): Select a mature orchard of rock sugar oranges that has been planted for 3 years, is growing well, and has a uniform tree shape.

[0049] Step (2): Irrigate from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of that year to maintain soil moisture at 50%-60%, and the fruit trees will exhibit a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0050] Step (3): In early October of that year, spray a 600-fold dilution of 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0051] Step (4): After the fruit is harvested, pruning is carried out in mid-November of the same year, when 70-72% of the flower buds have completed differentiation. Remove dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, vigorous branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossing branches, shorten overly long extension branches, prune back large perennial branches or main branches, and keep the tree height at 2.4-2.6m, with the distance between the canopies of two adjacent trees at 18-22cm.

[0052] Step (5): In mid-to-late November of that year, dig a cross-shaped fertilization trench 29cm wide and 29cm deep between two adjacent trees. Mix 3kg of organic fertilizer, 150g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 80g of micronutrient fertilizer for each tree in the trench, spread the mixture evenly on the soil dug out when digging the fertilization trench, mix it evenly, and then backfill it into the fertilization trench. After fertilizing, water thoroughly immediately. While watering the roots, spray water on the leaves until the tree is thoroughly wet and dripping. Keep the soil moisture at 80%-85% for the next 6 days.

[0053] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the N:P:K ratio of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in the micronutrient fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0054] Step (6): When 2 / 3 of the flowers have withered, spray the leaves evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0055] After 15 days, spray evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0056] Step (7) involves routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of rock sugar oranges in hot and dry river valleys includes the following steps:

[0059] Step (1): Select a mature orchard of rock sugar oranges that has been planted for 3 years, is growing well, and has a uniform tree shape.

[0060] Step (2): Irrigate from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of that year to maintain soil moisture at 60%-70%, and the fruit trees will exhibit a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0061] Step (3): In early October of that year, spray a 700-fold dilution of 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0062] Step (4): After the fruit is harvested, pruning is carried out in mid-November of the same year, when 78-80% of the flower buds have completed differentiation. Remove dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, vigorous branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossing branches, shorten overly long extension branches, and prune back large perennial branches or main branches so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m and the distance between the crowns of two adjacent trees is 18-22cm.

[0063] Step (5): In mid-to-late November of that year, dig a cross-shaped fertilization trench 31cm wide and 31cm deep between two adjacent trees. Mix 5kg of organic fertilizer, 250g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 100g of micronutrient fertilizer for each tree in the trench, spread the mixture evenly on the soil dug out when digging the fertilization trench, mix it evenly, and then backfill it into the fertilization trench. After fertilizing, water thoroughly immediately. While watering the roots, spray water on the leaves until the tree is thoroughly wet and dripping. Keep the soil moisture at 90%-95% for the next 8 days.

[0064] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the N:P:K ratio of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in the micronutrient fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0065] Step (6): When 2 / 3 of the flowers have withered, spray the leaves evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0066] After 20 days, spray evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0067] Step (7) involves routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of rock sugar oranges in hot and dry river valleys includes the following steps:

[0070] Step (1): Select a mature orchard of rock sugar oranges that has been planted for 3 years, is growing well, and has a uniform tree shape.

[0071] Step (2): Irrigate from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of that year to maintain soil moisture at 55%-65%, and the fruit trees will exhibit a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night.

[0072] Step (3): In early October of that year, spray a 650-fold dilution of 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0073] Step (4): After the fruit is harvested, pruning is carried out in mid-November of the same year, and when 74-76% of the flower buds have completed differentiation. Remove dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, vigorous branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossing branches, shorten overly long extension branches, and prune back large perennial branches or main branches so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m and the distance between the crowns of two adjacent trees is 18-22cm.

[0074] Step (5): In mid-to-late November of that year, dig a cross-shaped fertilization trench 30cm wide and 30cm deep between two adjacent trees. Mix 4kg of organic fertilizer, 200g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 90g of micronutrient fertilizer for each fruit tree in the trench, spread the mixture evenly on the soil dug out when digging the fertilization trench, mix it evenly, and then backfill it into the fertilization trench. After fertilizing, water thoroughly immediately. While watering the roots, spray water on the leaves until the tree is thoroughly wet and dripping. Keep the soil moisture at 85%-90% for the next 7 days.

[0075] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the N:P:K ratio of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in the micronutrient fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0076] Step (6): When 2 / 3 of the flowers have withered, spray the leaves evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0077] After 17 days, spray evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0078] Step (7) involves routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0079] Application Example 1

[0080] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of rock sugar oranges in hot and dry river valleys includes the following steps:

[0081] Step (1): Select a mature orchard of rock sugar oranges that has been planted for 3 years, is growing well, and has a uniform tree shape.

[0082] Step (2): Irrigate from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of that year to maintain soil moisture at 50%-60%, and the fruit trees will exhibit a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0083] Step (3): In early October of that year, spray a 650-fold dilution of 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0084] Step (4): After the fruit is harvested, pruning is carried out in mid-November of the same year, when 79-80% of the flower buds have completed differentiation. Remove dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, vigorous branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossing branches, shorten overly long extension branches, and prune back large perennial branches or main branches so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m and the distance between the crowns of two adjacent trees is 18-22cm.

[0085] Step (5): In mid-to-late November of that year, dig a cross-shaped fertilization trench 30cm wide and 30cm deep between two adjacent trees. Mix 5kg of organic fertilizer, 250g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 100g of micronutrient fertilizer for each fruit tree in the trench, spread the mixture evenly on the soil dug out when digging the fertilization trench, mix it evenly, and then backfill it into the fertilization trench. After fertilizing, water thoroughly immediately. While watering the roots, spray water on the leaves until the tree is thoroughly wet and dripping. Keep the soil moisture at 92%-95% for the next 7 days.

[0086] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the N:P:K ratio of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in the micronutrient fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0087] Step (6): When 2 / 3 of the flowers have withered, spray the leaves evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0088] After 18 days, spray evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0089] Step (7) involves routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0090] Application Example 2

[0091] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of rock sugar oranges in hot and dry river valleys includes the following steps:

[0092] Step (1): Select a mature orchard of rock sugar oranges that has been planted for 3 years, is growing well, and has a uniform tree shape.

[0093] Step (2): Irrigate from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of that year to maintain soil moisture at 58%-62%, and the fruit trees will exhibit a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0094] Step (3): In early October of that year, spray a 700-fold dilution of 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0095] Step (4): After the fruit is harvested, pruning is carried out in mid-November of the same year, when 75-76% of the flower buds have completed differentiation. Remove dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, vigorous branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossing branches, shorten overly long extension branches, and prune back large perennial branches or main branches so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m and the distance between the crowns of two adjacent trees is 18-22cm.

[0096] Step (5): In mid-to-late November of that year, dig a cross-shaped fertilization trench 30cm wide and 30cm deep between two adjacent trees. Mix 4kg of organic fertilizer, 200g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 90g of micronutrient fertilizer for each fruit tree in the trench, spread the mixture evenly on the soil dug out when digging the fertilization trench, mix it evenly, and then backfill it into the fertilization trench. After fertilizing, water thoroughly immediately. While watering the roots, spray water on the leaves until the tree is thoroughly wet and dripping. Keep the soil moisture at 88%-92% for the next 6-8 days.

[0097] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the N:P:K ratio of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in the micronutrient fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0098] Step (6): When 2 / 3 of the flowers have withered, spray the leaves evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0099] Step (7) involves routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0100] Application Example 3

[0101] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of rock sugar oranges in hot and dry river valleys includes the following steps:

[0102] Step (1): Select a mature orchard of rock sugar oranges that has been planted for 3 years, is growing well, and has a uniform tree shape.

[0103] Step (2): Irrigate from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of that year to maintain soil moisture at 68%-70%, and the fruit trees will exhibit a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0104] Step (3): In early October of that year, spray a 600-fold dilution of 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0105] Step (4): After the fruit is harvested, pruning is carried out in mid-November of the same year, when 70-72% of the flower buds have completed differentiation. Remove dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, vigorous branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossing branches, shorten overly long extension branches, and prune back large perennial branches or main branches so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m and the distance between the crowns of two adjacent trees is 18-22cm.

[0106] Step (5): In mid-to-late November of that year, dig a cross-shaped fertilization trench 30cm wide and 30cm deep between two adjacent trees. Mix 3kg of organic fertilizer, 150g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 80g of micronutrient fertilizer for each fruit tree in the trench, spread the mixture evenly on the soil dug out when digging the fertilization trench, mix it evenly, and then backfill it into the fertilization trench. After fertilizing, water thoroughly immediately. While watering the roots, spray water on the leaves until the tree is thoroughly wet and dripping. Keep the soil moisture at 80%-95% for the next 6-8 days.

[0107] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the N:P:K ratio of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in the micronutrient fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0108] Step (6): When 2 / 3 of the flowers have withered, spray the leaves evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0109] After 18 days, spray evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water.

[0110] Step (7) involves routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0111] Comparative Example 1

[0112] Starting in late September of that year, maintain the fruit trees in a state where the leaves are normal both day and night. Other steps are the same as in application example 1.

[0113] Comparative Example 2

[0114] Without controlling the degree of flower bud differentiation, pruning is carried out immediately after fruit harvesting. Other steps are the same as in application example 1.

[0115] Comparative Example 3

[0116] In mid-to-late November, after fertilization, maintain the fruit trees' leaves in a normal state both day and night, but do not specifically control soil moisture. Other steps are the same as in Application Example 1. (That is: In mid-to-late November of the same year, dig a cross-shaped fertilization trench 30cm wide and 30cm deep between two adjacent trees. Apply 5kg of organic fertilizer, 250g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and 100g of micronutrient fertilizer per tree in the trench, mix them evenly, and then spread them on the soil dug out when digging the fertilization trench. After mixing evenly, backfill the trench with the fertilizer. Water as usual, maintaining the fruit trees' leaves in a normal state both day and night.)

[0117] Comparative Example 4

[0118] This comparative example reflects the orchard's planting methods over the years. From late September to mid-November of the current year, soil moisture was not controlled. Pruning was carried out in early to mid-November after the start of winter. Immediately afterward, each tree was fertilized with 3 kg of organic fertilizer (organic matter content ≥60%), 150 g of compound fertilizer (15:15:15), 50 g of micronutrient fertilizer, and 100 g of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P2O5 ≥15%). Normal watering was performed after fertilization, but soil moisture and flower bud differentiation were not controlled. Other steps were the same as in Application Example 1.

[0119] At the rock sugar orange planting base located in the scenic area of ​​the world's highest bridge in Yuanjiang County, 7 mu of land in the same planting area were selected for a two-year management experiment, following the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4. The natural ripening and market time of the fruit were recorded, the fruit quality was measured, and the fruit yield and output value were statistically calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0120] Table 1

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] As can be seen from application examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4, combined with the data in Table 1, the planting method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of rock sugar oranges in the dry-hot valley area of ​​the present invention makes full use of the advantage of the dry-hot valley in winter and spring drought that can be artificially regulated to promote early flowering, significantly advances the phenological period of rock sugar oranges, avoids the adverse effects of extreme high temperature and drought during the physiological fruit drop period, and locks in the best sales time of rock sugar oranges in advance, thus achieving significant benefits of increased production and income.

[0124] However, it can also be seen that the technical measures adopted, such as appropriate drought, timely pruning, fertilization and irrigation, are a coherent and integrated system. If any step is missing or the accuracy is deviated, it will affect the final result.

[0125] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing efficiency in the cultivation of rock sugar oranges in hot and dry river valleys, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step (1): Select an orchard of mature, fruit-bearing rock sugar oranges that has been planted for 3 years, is growing well, and has a uniform tree shape; Step (2): Irrigate from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of that year to maintain soil moisture at 50%-70%, and the fruit trees will exhibit a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night; Step (3): In early October of that year, spray a 600-700 times dilution of 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping. Step (4): After the fruit is harvested, prune the tree in mid-November of the same year, when 70%-80% of the flower buds have completed differentiation, and keep the tree height at 2.4-2.6m, with the distance between the canopies of two adjacent trees 18-22cm. Step (5): In mid-to-late November of the same year, apply 3-5 kg ​​of organic fertilizer, 150-250 g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and 80-100 g of micronutrient fertilizer to each fruit tree in the trench. After applying the fertilizer, irrigate thoroughly, spraying water on the leaves while watering the roots until the tree is thoroughly wet and dripping with water. Maintain soil moisture at 80%-95% for the next 6-8 days. Among them, the N:P:K ratio of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in micronutrient fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%; Step (6): When 2 / 3 of the flowers have withered, spray the leaves evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water. After 15-20 days, spray evenly with a 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder solution diluted 20,000 times. The amount of spray should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping water. Step (7): Perform routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases; In step (4), when pruning, it is necessary to remove dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches, overly vigorous branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossing branches, shorten overly long extension branches, and prune back large perennial branches or backbone branches so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m and the distance between the crowns of two adjacent trees is 18-22cm. In step (5), the specific method of fertilization is to dig a cross-shaped fertilization trench with a width of 29-31cm and a depth of 29-31cm between two adjacent trees in mid-to-late November of the same year. Apply 3kg-5kg of organic fertilizer, 150g-250g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 80g-100g of medium and trace element fertilizer to each fruit tree in the trench. Mix them evenly and then spread them on the soil dug out when digging the fertilization trench. After mixing evenly, backfill the fertilization trench.

2. The method for promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing efficiency of rock sugar orange cultivation in hot and dry valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is ≥60%.

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