A high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device using metal vapor pulse heating

Abstract

The present application relates to pyrolysis device technical field, especially to a kind of high-efficiency target pyrolysis device using metal vapor pulse heating, comprising: vaporization unit, for the vapor generated by vaporization unit Realize the buffer pressure stabilizing unit of pressure stabilizing, and with the reaction and collection unit connected by the buffer pressure stabilizing unit through first air inlet pipe;First air inlet pipe is equipped with at least one air inlet valve;Vaporization unit includes: evaporation cavity, heating element, material tank and first inert gas sweeping component.The present application is by constructing the hierarchical structure of "vaporization unit-buffer pressure stabilizing unit-valve group-reaction and collection unit", the generation of zinc vapor and reaction zone are decoupled, high-temperature metal vapor is generated by vaporization unit, stable vapor source is formed by buffer pressure stabilizing unit, then the valve group formed by the air inlet valve and inert gas sweeping component provides pulse type gas supply to the reaction and collection unit, so that metal vapor enters reaction zone in controllable mode to release latent heat of vaporization, realize the rapid input and rapid cut-off of heat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pyrolysis apparatus technology, and in particular to a highly efficient targeted pyrolysis apparatus that utilizes pulsed heating of metal vapor. Background Technology

[0002] Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that decomposes organic solid wastes such as plastics, tires, and biomass under anaerobic / anoxic conditions into gases, liquid oils, and solid char. This process is often accompanied by parallel and sequential reactions, such as main chain breaking, secondary cracking, condensation and coking, aromatization, and reforming / dehydrogenation. It is highly sensitive to temperature distribution, heating rate, and residence time within the reactor. Tony Bridgwater pointed out in his research that heat / mass transfer during pyrolysis is one of the important factors affecting reaction efficiency and product distribution. Park, WC; Atreya, A.; Baum, HR also found in their research that the pyrolysis process is highly sensitive to temperature distribution and heating rate, and that limited heat / mass transfer affects pyrolysis performance. However, industrial pyrolysis often faces problems such as limited heat and mass transfer, uneven heat distribution within the reactor, blockage or pressure drop caused by tar / coking, and the resulting fluctuations in product properties.

[0003] However, existing heating equipment used in pyrolysis processes still has many structural shortcomings, making it difficult to meet the requirements of industrial pyrolysis for stability, controllability, and repeatability. Gas-phase heat source devices such as steam generally rely on long-distance high-temperature pipelines and simple valve-controlled pressure regulation methods, lacking dedicated buffer and decoupling structures for dynamic heating, making it difficult to achieve rapid start-up and shutdown, fine adjustment, and repeated calibration of heat input. Therefore, from a structural perspective, existing heating devices generally suffer from long heat input paths, difficulty in achieving uniform temperature fields, susceptibility to operating conditions, weak resistance to coking, and insufficient dynamic control capabilities, making them unsuitable for the stable, efficient, and controllable operation requirements of industrial pyrolysis.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a highly efficient targeted pyrolysis device that utilizes metal vapor pulse heating, aiming to solve the problem that the heat input method of existing pyrolysis devices is difficult to achieve rapid, controllable and repeatable adjustment, resulting in uneven temperature field.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A highly efficient targeted pyrolysis device utilizing pulsed heating of metal vapor includes: an evaporation unit, a buffer pressure stabilizing unit for stabilizing the vapor generated by the evaporation unit, and a reaction and collection unit connected to the buffer pressure stabilizing unit via a first air inlet pipe; the first air inlet pipe is provided with at least one air inlet valve; The evaporation unit includes: Evaporation chamber, used to collect and output steam; A heating element is disposed within the evaporation chamber; The material container is surrounded by the heating element; The first inert scavenging assembly is located at the bottom of the evaporation chamber.

[0007] The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating includes a heating element that is hollow inside and has several through holes on its sidewalls; both ends of the heating element are connected to the sidewalls of the evaporation chamber via sealing flanges; one end of the heating element is provided with a first sealing cap, and the material container enters the interior of the heating element through the end of the heating element away from the first sealing cap.

[0008] The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating has a second sealing cap at one end of the material container that matches the cross-section of the heating tube.

[0009] The highly efficient targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating includes a first inert scavenging assembly comprising a plurality of first inert scavenging pipes; the first inert scavenging pipes are spaced apart at the bottom of the evaporation chamber.

[0010] The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating includes an evaporation unit further comprising a cooling grid disposed on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber, a solid recovery tank disposed at the bottom of the evaporation chamber, and an exhaust pipe disposed at the top of the evaporation chamber; the cooling grid covers part of the outer wall of the evaporation chamber; and the cooling grid is provided with a coolant inlet and outlet.

[0011] The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing pulsed metal vapor heating, wherein the buffer voltage stabilizing unit comprises: A buffer pressure stabilizing chamber is connected to the evaporation unit via a second air inlet pipe; the first air inlet pipe is located at the end of the buffer pressure stabilizing chamber opposite to the second air inlet pipe. The second inert scavenging assembly is disposed at one end of the buffer pressure stabilizing chamber near the second air inlet pipe; The sensing assembly includes a temperature measuring rod and a pressure measuring rod disposed within the buffer pressure regulating chamber; The exhaust assembly includes an exhaust pipe that forms a branch structure with the first intake pipe.

[0012] The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating is provided with a flow valve on the second air inlet pipe and an exhaust valve on the exhaust pipe.

[0013] The highly efficient targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating includes a second inert scavenging assembly comprising a plurality of second inert scavenging pipes; the second scavenging pipes are spaced apart on the side wall of the buffer pressure stabilizing chamber near one end of the second inlet pipe.

[0014] The highly efficient targeted pyrolysis device utilizing pulsed metal vapor heating, wherein the reaction and collection unit comprises: The reaction chamber is connected to the buffer and voltage stabilizing unit via the first air inlet pipe; The third inert scavenging assembly is disposed at one end of the reaction chamber near the first air inlet pipe; The reaction tank is located on the side of the reaction chamber away from the first air inlet pipe, and forms a pull-out structure with the reaction chamber; The collection assembly includes a collection tube disposed at the end of the reaction chamber opposite to the first air inlet pipe.

[0015] The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating includes a third inert scavenging assembly comprising a plurality of third inert scavenging pipes; the third scavenging pipes are spaced apart on the side wall of the reaction chamber near the end of the first inlet pipe; the collection assembly further includes a collection valve disposed on the collection pipe, and a pressure relief pipe forming a branch structure with the collection pipe and a pressure relief valve disposed on the pressure relief pipe.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a highly efficient targeted pyrolysis device utilizing pulsed metal vapor heating. The device comprises: an evaporation unit, a buffer pressure stabilizing unit for stabilizing the vapor generated by the evaporation unit, and a reaction and collection unit connected to the buffer pressure stabilizing unit via a first inlet pipe. The first inlet pipe is equipped with at least one inlet valve. The evaporation unit includes: an evaporation chamber for collecting and outputting vapor; a heating element disposed within the evaporation chamber; a material storage tank surrounded by the heating element; and a first inert scavenging assembly disposed at the bottom of the evaporation chamber. This invention decouples zinc vapor generation from the reaction zone by constructing a hierarchical structure of "evaporation unit—buffer and pressure stabilization unit—valve group—reaction and collection unit". High-temperature metal vapor is generated by the evaporation unit, forms a stable steam source through the buffer and pressure stabilization unit, and then provides pulsed gas supply to the reaction and collection unit through the valve group composed of the inlet valve and the inert scavenging assembly. This allows the metal vapor to enter the reaction zone in a controllable manner to release its latent heat of vaporization, achieving rapid heat input and rapid cut-off. Furthermore, the high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device transforms key heat input parameters in the pyrolysis process from slow variables dependent on the material state into engineering-controllable variables determined by pressure setting, valve opening time, and on / off rhythm, achieving calibrable, repeatable, and adjustable heat input. At the same time, the buffer and pressure stabilization unit weakens the impact of evaporation fluctuations on the reaction zone, improving the consistency of each steam supply process. This improves the uniformity and dynamic controllability of the temperature distribution in the reaction zone, reduces the accumulation of side reactions and the risk of coking during heating, and enhances the stability, repeatability, and engineering feasibility of the pyrolysis process. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device using metal vapor pulse heating according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the evaporation unit. Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along AA; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer voltage regulator unit; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the reaction and collection unit. Figure 6 Side view of the reaction and collection unit; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along BB; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: Evaporation unit 10, Evaporation chamber 11, Heating element 12, Through hole 121, First sealing cover 122, Material collection tank 13, Second sealing cover 131, First inertial scavenging assembly 14, First inertial scavenging pipe 141, Sealing flange 15, Cooling grille 16, Coolant inlet / outlet 161, Solid recovery tank 17, Air outlet pipe 18, Buffer and pressure stabilizing unit 20, First air inlet pipe 21, Air inlet valve 22, Buffer and pressure stabilizing chamber 23, Second air inlet pipe 2 31. Flow valve 232. Second inertial scavenging assembly 24. Second inertial scavenging pipe 241. Sensing assembly 25. Temperature measuring rod 251. Pressure measuring rod 252. Exhaust assembly 26. Exhaust pipe 261. Exhaust valve 262. Reaction and collection unit 30. Reaction chamber 31. Third inertial scavenging assembly 32. Third inertial scavenging pipe 321. Reaction tank 33. Collection assembly 34. Collection pipe 341. Collection valve 342. Pressure relief pipe 343. Pressure relief valve 344. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This invention provides a highly efficient targeted pyrolysis device utilizing pulsed heating of metal vapor. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0020] The most common heat input method for existing pyrolysis units is resistance heating or combustion heating on the reactor's outer wall, with heat entering the feed bed via conduction / convection through the furnace wall. This method is simple and mature in structure, but when processing organic materials with low thermal conductivity and a tendency to coke, it is prone to both wall overheating and internal temperature lag, resulting in significant temperature gradients and product fluctuations. Simultaneously, the slow heating process increases the accumulation of secondary reactions and the risk of tar / coking. Many discussions on the commercialization of pyrolysis and reactor research list "limited heat / mass transfer, uneven heat distribution, and tar causing pressure drop or blockage" as key bottlenecks. However, a uniform temperature field is difficult to achieve, and a heat transfer bottleneck exists from the wall to the feed bed, limiting the heating rate. Process temperature and product composition are more easily affected by the charging method, feed bed thickness, and coking state, leading to high difficulty in reproducibility and modeling. To improve heat transfer rates, fluidized beds or circulating solid particles are often used as heat carriers in engineering, achieving rapid heating through large specific surface area contact. Therefore, they are widely used in fast / flash pyrolysis and are considered to have good heat transfer capabilities and certain scale-up potential. However, such devices typically have high requirements for feed particle size, fluidization stability, and solid circulation and separation systems, making the systems more complex. In actual operation, agglomeration, coking, and ash / impurities can still affect heat transfer and flow state fluctuations, thus impacting product stability and repeatability.

[0021] Studies by Dongdong Zhang, Xuejiao Chen, and others have shown that superheated steam possesses high heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient, enabling faster and more uniform heating during the heat transfer process. Superheated steam can be used as a carrier gas or heat input medium. Its large specific heat capacity and sensible and latent heat transfer capabilities during the heat transfer process give it the potential for achieving faster and more uniform heating. Some studies have also used superheated steam as the main heat input source for the reaction zone to achieve a high heating rate. Meanwhile, recent research has also focused on the influence of pressure and steam conditions on the pyrolysis process and product distribution. Patent 202510331971.2 also discloses a device for achieving rapid pyrolysis using metal steam. However, steam heat source systems typically require stable steam generating equipment and long-distance high-temperature pipeline insulation, placing higher demands on the system's pressure stability, condensate reflux control, and corrosion and sealing reliability in water-containing environments. Furthermore, steam, as a reaction medium, alters the reaction atmosphere and reaction path, making it unsuitable for all pyrolysis systems, thus limiting its applicability and process window. Furthermore, to achieve rapid and repeatable modulation of heat flux under high-temperature conditions, existing steam systems still mainly rely on simple valve control and pressure stabilization methods. Therefore, there is a lack of dedicated buffer and decoupling structures between the steam supply end and the reaction zone to meet dynamic heating demands.

[0022] Based on this, such as Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a highly efficient targeted pyrolysis device using pulse heating of metal vapor, comprising: an evaporation unit 10, a buffer pressure stabilizing unit 20 for stabilizing the vapor generated by the evaporation unit 10, and a reaction and collection unit 30 connected to the buffer pressure stabilizing unit 20 through a first air inlet pipe 21; at least one air inlet valve 22 is provided on the first air inlet pipe 21. like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the evaporation unit 10 includes: Evaporation chamber 11 is used to collect and output steam; Heating element 12 is disposed inside the evaporation chamber 11; The material container 13 is surrounded by the heating element 12; The first inert scavenging assembly 14 is disposed at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 11.

[0023] In this embodiment, by constructing a hierarchical structure of "evaporation unit - buffer and pressure stabilization unit - valve group - reaction and collection unit", the generation of zinc vapor is decoupled from the reaction zone. High-temperature metal vapor is generated by the evaporation unit 10, which forms a stable steam source through the buffer and pressure stabilization unit 20. Then, a pulsed gas supply is provided to the reaction and collection unit 30 through the valve group composed of the inlet valve 22 and the inert scavenging assembly, so that the metal vapor enters the reaction zone in a controllable manner to release the latent heat of vaporization, achieving rapid heat input and rapid cut-off. Furthermore, the high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device can transform the key heat input parameters in the pyrolysis process from slow variables dependent on the material state into engineering controllable variables determined by pressure setting, valve opening time, and on / off rhythm, achieving calibrable, repeatable, and adjustable heat input. At the same time, the buffer and pressure stabilization unit weakens the impact of evaporation end fluctuations on the reaction zone, improves the consistency of each steam supply process, thereby improving the uniformity and dynamic controllability of the temperature distribution in the reaction zone, reducing the accumulation of side reactions and coking risk during the heating process, and improving the stability, repeatability, and engineering feasibility of the pyrolysis process.

[0024] Specifically, this invention addresses the problems in existing pyrolysis technologies, such as the difficulty in achieving rapid, controllable, and repeatable heat input, uneven temperature field, significant influence of loading status and aging during the heating process, and difficulty in accurate reproduction and modeling. It proposes a highly efficient targeted pyrolysis device that utilizes pulse heating of metal vapor, enabling pulsed heating based on the latent heat of zinc vapor. Furthermore, in the evaporation unit 10, the evaporation chamber 11 provides a sealed space for steam generation and serves as a collection and output cavity for the steam medium. The heating element 12 provides heat input to the evaporation chamber 11, forming a steam medium that can be used for subsequent reactions within the evaporation chamber 11. The material container 13 is used to accommodate the waste material to be processed or the supporting components related to the evaporation process, facilitating loading, removal, and maintenance. Simultaneously, the first inert gas scavenging component 14 introduces inert gas into the evaporation chamber 11 to achieve inertization, scavenging, or replacement, thereby improving the controllability of the atmosphere during start-up and shutdown and during operation. Thus, the device uses steam as a medium to achieve heating and operating status control during the pyrolysis process. By dividing steam generation, buffering and stabilizing, steam supply to the reaction zone, and product collection into relatively independent functional units, and using valves to achieve on / off switching and state switching, the controllable operation of the pyrolysis process is supported.

[0025] In some implementations, such as Figure 3 As shown, the heating element 12 is a hollow heating tube with several through holes 121 on its sidewalls. Both ends of the heating tube are connected to the sidewalls of the evaporation chamber 11 via sealing flanges 15. One end of the heating tube is provided with a first sealing cap 122, and the material container 13 enters the interior of the heating tube through the end of the heating tube away from the first sealing cap 122. The sealing flange 15 is positioned at the interface between the evaporation chamber 11 and the heating element 12, enabling a sealed connection between the heating element 12 and the evaporation chamber 11. By utilizing the hollow heating element 12 with several through holes 121 on its sidewalls, the metal to be evaporated in the hollow material container 13 can achieve high-temperature evaporation, and the metal vapor can be discharged into the evaporation chamber 11 through the through holes 121. The first sealing cap 122, in conjunction with the material container 13, achieves a seal in the evaporation chamber 11.

[0026] In some embodiments, one end of the material container 13 is provided with a second sealing cap 131 that matches the cross-section of the heating tube. The second sealing cap 131 and the first sealing cap 122 form a sealed connection with the openings at both ends of the heating element 12, and the second sealing cap 131 is a movable connection, which realizes the material discharge process of the material container 13, and facilitates loading, unloading and maintenance.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first inert gas scavenging assembly 14 includes a plurality of first inert gas scavenging pipes 141; the first inert gas scavenging pipes 141 are spaced apart at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 11. By using a plurality of first inert gas scavenging pipes 141 spaced apart at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 11 and communicating with the evaporation chamber 11, inert gas can be introduced into the evaporation chamber 11 to achieve inerting, scavenging, or displacement, thereby improving the controllability of the atmosphere during start-up and shutdown and during operation.

[0028] In some embodiments, the evaporation unit 10 further includes a cooling grid 16 disposed on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber 11, a solid recovery tank 17 disposed at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 11, and an exhaust pipe 18 disposed at the top of the evaporation chamber 11; the cooling grid 16 covers part of the outer wall of the evaporation chamber 11; the cooling grid 16 is provided with a coolant inlet and outlet 161. The cooling grid 16 is disposed on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber 11, wherein the coolant inlet and outlet 161 are used to communicate with an external cooling circuit, and the cooling grid 16 forms a cooling heat exchange structure that cooperates with the evaporation unit 10, thereby cooling or managing the temperature of a local area; and the solid recovery tank 17 is disposed at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 11, which can be used to collect the solid phase generated or precipitated during operation, facilitating centralized recovery and cleaning; and the exhaust pipe 18 is used to lead out the steam medium generated in the evaporation chamber 11 and transport it to the subsequent unit.

[0029] Specifically, the evaporation unit is equipped with cooling grids and coolant inlets and outlets to provide a structured cooling interface; and a solid recovery tank is provided for solid phase collection, making the device easier to maintain during continuous or multiple runs and reducing the risk of solid phase accumulation affecting the structure and flow state.

[0030] In some implementations, such as Figure 4 As shown, the buffer voltage regulator unit 20 includes: The buffer pressure stabilizing chamber 23 is connected to the evaporation unit 10 through the second air inlet pipe 231; the first air inlet pipe 21 is disposed at the end of the buffer pressure stabilizing chamber 23 away from the second air inlet pipe 231. The second inert scavenging assembly 24 is disposed at one end of the buffer pressure stabilizing chamber 23 near the second air inlet pipe 231; The sensing component 25 includes a temperature measuring rod 251 and a pressure measuring rod 252 disposed in the buffer pressure regulating chamber 23; The exhaust assembly 26 includes an exhaust pipe 261 that forms a branch structure with the first intake pipe 21.

[0031] In this embodiment, the evaporation unit 10 is connected to the second inlet pipe 231 of the buffer and pressure stabilizing unit 20 via the outlet pipe 18. The buffer and pressure stabilizing unit 20 is then connected to the reaction and collection unit 30 via the first inlet pipe 21, forming a series system of "evaporation-buffering and pressure stabilization-reaction and collection". The inertia and scavenging components in each unit are used to achieve inerting and scavenging operations throughout the start-up, shutdown, and operation phases. Finally, the pressure relief pipe of the reaction and collection unit 30 is used to provide a pressure release channel, and the collection pipe is used to provide a product outlet channel, thus forming a switchable operating path. The buffer and pressure stabilizing chamber has a certain volume for temporarily storing high-temperature zinc vapor and stabilizing the pressure. Pressure and temperature detection components are provided for the buffer and pressure stabilizing chamber, and the outlet of the buffer and pressure stabilizing chamber is connected to a fast inlet valve 22.

[0032] Specifically, this device segments the generation, stabilization, and steam supply and exhaust of the steam medium in the reaction zone, transforming the continuous supply of steam required for the pyrolysis process from a single location into a controllable supply and switchable state path under the coordination of multiple units. This provides a structural foundation for stable operation, start-stop switching, and pressure management of the pyrolysis process. Simultaneously, the inlet valve 22, located on the first inlet pipe 21, controls the on / off state and rhythm of the steam medium entering the buffer and pressure-stabilizing unit 20. Furthermore, the temperature and pressure information within the buffer and pressure-stabilizing unit 20 is obtained using the temperature measuring rod 251 and the pressure measuring rod 252, providing a basis for judging the operating status and controlling the valves.

[0033] In some embodiments, a flow valve 232 is provided on the second intake pipe 231; an exhaust valve 262 is provided on the exhaust pipe 261. The second intake pipe 231 is connected to the exhaust pipe 18, allowing the steam medium generated by the evaporation unit 10 to be introduced into the buffer pressure stabilizing unit 20. The flow valve 232 is used to regulate the steam flow rate entering the buffer pressure stabilizing unit 20, thereby achieving stable supply or controlled supply variations. The exhaust valve 262 is provided on the exhaust pipe 261, allowing the buffer pressure stabilizing unit 20 to be vented, discharged, or connected to an external system for discharge when needed, to achieve pressure release and gas replacement during start-up, shutdown, or abnormal operating conditions.

[0034] In some embodiments, the second inert scavenging assembly 24 includes a plurality of second inert scavenging pipes 241; the second scavenging pipes 241 are spaced apart on the side wall of the buffer pressure stabilizing chamber 23 near one end of the second inlet pipe 231. By introducing inert gas into the buffer pressure stabilizing chamber 23 through the plurality of second inert scavenging pipes 241 spaced apart on the side wall, the buffer pressure stabilizing unit is inertized, scavenged, or purged, thereby reducing the impact of residual gas in the system on subsequent reaction stages.

[0035] In this embodiment, by introducing the buffer and pressure stabilizing unit 20 into the device, and configuring the temperature measuring rod 251 and the pressure measuring rod 252 on the buffer and pressure stabilizing unit 20, and by using the flow valve 232 and the air inlet valve 22 to regulate the entry rhythm and flow rate, the fluctuations on the upstream evaporation side are buffered and stabilized before entering the reaction and collection unit, thereby reducing the influence of the instantaneous waveband at the inlet side of the reaction tank of the reaction and collection unit on the state of the reaction zone and improving the consistency of supply.

[0036] In some implementations, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the reaction and collection unit 30 includes: The reaction chamber 31 is connected to the buffer and voltage stabilizing unit 20 through the first air inlet pipe 21; The third inert scavenging assembly 32 is disposed at one end of the reaction chamber 31 near the first air inlet pipe 21; The reaction tank 33 is located on the side of the reaction chamber 31 away from the first air inlet pipe 21, and forms a pull-out structure with the reaction chamber 31; The collection component 34 includes a collection pipe 341 disposed at the end of the reaction chamber 31 opposite to the first air inlet pipe 21.

[0037] In this embodiment, a first inert scavenging assembly, a second inert scavenging assembly, and a third inert scavenging assembly are respectively provided in the evaporation unit, the buffer and pressure stabilization unit, and the reaction and collection unit. This allows these devices to be replaced and inertized during the start-up and shutdown phases, and to scaveng and discharge residual gas after operation. This structurally improves the operability and repeatability of the operating condition switching.

[0038] Specifically, a high-temperature resistant quartz tube is used to provide the reaction chamber 31. This tube serves as the outer shell or main load-bearing structure of the reaction and collection unit, providing a high-temperature resistant enclosed space and structural support. An electromagnetic heating device is added outside the quartz tube to maintain the temperature plateau reached by the steam pulse, ensuring stable reaction temperature. The reaction tank 33 is located inside the reaction chamber 31 or forms a reaction space with it, used to support the pyrolysis process. The third inert gas scavenging assembly 32 is used for inerting before the reaction, scavenging after the reaction, or adjusting the atmosphere during operation. Furthermore, the reaction and collection unit 30 is connected to the buffer and pressure stabilizing unit via a first inlet pipe equipped with an inlet valve, which can control the on / off state and timing of the steam medium entering the reaction chamber, thereby achieving steam supply control during the reaction stage.

[0039] In some embodiments, the third inertial scavenging assembly 32 includes a plurality of third inertial scavenging pipes 321; the third scavenging pipes 321 are spaced apart on the side wall of the reaction chamber 31 near the end of the first inlet pipe 21; the collection assembly 34 further includes a collection valve 342 disposed on the collection pipe 341, and a pressure relief pipe 343 forming a branch structure with the collection pipe 341 and a pressure relief valve 344 disposed on the pressure relief pipe 343. By providing the pressure relief valve 344 and the pressure relief pipe 343 on the reaction and collection unit 30, and the exhaust pipe 261 and the exhaust valve 261 on the buffer and pressure stabilizing unit 20, the device can have a two-stage discharge or venting channel, which can be used for pressure management during stage switching, and can also be used for pressure release under abnormal operating conditions, thereby improving the system's operational safety margin and controllability. Furthermore, the collection pipe 341 and the collection valve 342 provide an independent product export path, allowing the export and collection of reaction products to be controlled by valves, facilitating connection with downstream collection systems and supporting operation modes such as staged export and staged switching.

[0040] Specifically, the pressure relief pipe 343 and the pressure relief valve 344 work together to release pressure or quickly discharge from the reaction chamber when needed, so as to achieve pressure control, stage switching or abnormal protection; the collection pipe 341 and the collection valve 342 are connected on the gas outlet side, and the collection valve 342 is used to control the output and collection of product gas or volatiles, which facilitates docking with downstream condensation, collection or storage systems.

[0041] In some embodiments, an inlet valve is provided to control the start and end of zinc vapor entering the reaction zone; a pressure relief valve is provided to rapidly reduce the pressure and temperature of the reaction zone between pulses; the first inert scavenging assembly, the second inert scavenging assembly, and the third inert scavenging assembly are each provided with an inert gas valve for inerting the reaction zone, scavenging, and setting the baseline pressure; a flow-limiting orifice plate or capillary flow-limiting section can be provided after the inlet valve to make the instantaneous flux more stable.

[0042] In some embodiments, a collection or settling section is provided at the outlet of the collection pipe for condensing and recovering the entrained zinc vapor; the collection section is connected to the evaporation chamber or recovery container to realize the recycling of zinc.

[0043] In some implementations, the pipe and the cavity are connected by a sealing flange to achieve a sealed connection.

[0044] In some embodiments, the intake valve 22, the pressure relief valve 344, the exhaust valve 262, and the collection valve 342 can be implemented using different types of valves. As long as they can achieve the corresponding on / off control or regulation functions, they are equivalent replacements. The flow valve 232 can also be implemented using different flow regulation structures, as long as it has flow regulation capability. The temperature measuring rod 251 and the pressure measuring rod 252 can be set to single-point or multi-point form as needed. The installation position can be adjusted without affecting the sealing and measurement effectiveness. As long as the temperature and pressure information of the buffer pressure stabilizing unit can be obtained, the implementation requirements are met.

[0045] In some implementations, the number of interfaces in each unit of the inertial scavenging assembly can be increased or decreased, or multiple scavenging interfaces can be used on the same unit. As long as the purpose of inertization and scavenging can still be achieved, it is a structural modification within the scope of the present invention. The direction and arrangement of the exhaust pipe 261, the pressure relief pipe 343 and the collection pipe 341 can also be adjusted according to the assembly space.

[0046] In some implementations, the geometry and relative arrangement of the evaporation chamber, material tank, and solid recovery tank can be changed according to the device dimensions and assembly method; the cooling grid and coolant inlet / outlet can be implemented using different heat exchange structures, as long as a coolant connection interface is still provided and a cooling structure is formed to cooperate with the evaporation unit. The length, diameter, or end connection structure of the high-temperature quartz tube and reaction tank can be adjusted according to the reaction scale; the connection form of the sealing flange can be changed with the end structure, as long as the sealing connection and disassembly / maintenance requirements are met. The collection pipe can be set as a straight-through or branched form, and the position of the collection valve can be adjusted on the collection pipe, as long as outlet and on / off control can still be achieved. Figure 1 For the purpose of illustrating the series arrangement, in actual engineering, each unit can adopt different spatial layouts, such as horizontal or layered arrangement, provided that the pipeline connection is satisfied. As long as the connection relationship between the evaporation unit and the buffer and pressure stabilization unit, and then to the reaction and collection unit is maintained, and the functions of the scavenging, depressurization, and collection channels are intact, it is considered an implementable method.

[0047] In some embodiments, the device structurally decouples the heat source generation, pressure stabilization, and entry into the reaction zone. By incorporating a buffer pressure stabilization unit and a rapid valve control assembly, the latent heat working fluid enters the reaction zone in a controllable and calibrable manner, thereby achieving pulsed and adjustable heat input. Therefore, the evaporation chamber is not limited to a single container form and can adopt a horizontal, vertical, multi-chamber parallel, or segmented heating structure. Its heating method can be replaced by electric heating with gas heating, induction heating, or radiation heating; as long as the target working fluid steam can be stably generated, it is considered an equivalent variation. The buffer pressure stabilization chamber can adopt different geometric shapes and volume designs, such as cylindrical, spherical, or box-type structures; multiple buffer chambers can also be arranged in series or parallel to adapt to the steam stability requirements of different scale devices. The buffer pressure stabilization unit can also be integrated with the evaporation chamber in the same housing to form a partitioned structure; as long as it still possesses the function of "energy storage—pressure stabilization—re-release," it is considered a variation of the present invention. The reaction zone is not limited to a quartz tube furnace structure; it can also employ metal reaction tubes, ceramic reactors, batch reactors, or multi-tube parallel reactors. The reaction zone can be arranged horizontally, vertically, or inclined; as long as it serves as a heated reaction space receiving pulsed steam, it can be considered an equivalent structure. Although this embodiment uses zinc vapor as the latent heat working medium, from a design perspective, other working media with large latent heat of vaporization in the target temperature range, relative safety, and recyclability can also be selected, such as other metal vapors, metal halide vapors, or high-temperature organic working media. As long as pulsed heating is achieved through the path of "evaporation—pressure stabilization—valve-controlled entry into the reaction zone—release of latent heat," it falls under the concept of this invention as an alternative solution. The rapid valve group can be implemented using solenoid valves, pneumatic valves, servo valves, or mechanical rapid valves; the number of valves, their arrangement, and the control method can vary. For example, the steam inlet valve and pressure relief valve can be integrated into a single switching valve, or a multi-stage valve control structure can be used to achieve finer pulse regulation. The flow-limiting structure can be not only an orifice plate or capillary tube, but also a porous material, a throttle valve or an adjustable throttle device, etc. As long as its function is to stabilize the instantaneous flow and reduce the fluctuations caused by valve operation, it is considered an equivalent solution.

[0048] In another feasible implementation, the buffer pressure stabilizing unit can achieve "implicit pressure stabilization" by setting a large volume area inside the evaporation chamber or by setting a complex pipeline before the valve. Alternatively, the pressure stabilizing structure can be directly integrated into the front end of the reaction zone or into the reactor shell, so that it no longer appears as an independent cavity, but still achieves energy storage and pressure stabilization functions. This type of solution essentially still conforms to the idea of ​​"setting a pressure stabilizing unit before steam supply" and should be considered as an equivalent variation.

[0049] In another feasible implementation, the valves in the device can be non-valve-type rapid adjustment mechanisms; rotary switching mechanisms, sliding switching mechanisms, variable flow channel structures, etc., can be used to replace traditional valves to achieve rapid start-up, shutdown, and switching functions. As long as its function is equivalent to "rapidly controlling whether steam enters the reaction zone," it is considered a variation of the core concept of this invention.

[0050] In summary, the present invention provides a high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device using pulsed metal vapor heating. The device comprises: an evaporation unit, a buffer pressure stabilizing unit for stabilizing the vapor generated by the evaporation unit, and a reaction and collection unit connected to the buffer pressure stabilizing unit via a first inlet pipe; the first inlet pipe is provided with at least one inlet valve; the evaporation unit includes: an evaporation chamber for collecting and outputting vapor; a heating element disposed within the evaporation chamber; a material storage tank surrounded by the heating element; and a first inert scavenging assembly disposed at the bottom of the evaporation chamber. This invention decouples zinc vapor generation from the reaction zone by constructing a hierarchical structure of "evaporation unit—buffer and pressure stabilization unit—valve group—reaction and collection unit". High-temperature metal vapor is generated by the evaporation unit, forms a stable steam source through the buffer and pressure stabilization unit, and then provides pulsed gas supply to the reaction and collection unit through the valve group composed of the inlet valve and the inert scavenging assembly. This allows the metal vapor to enter the reaction zone in a controllable manner to release its latent heat of vaporization, achieving rapid heat input and rapid cut-off. Furthermore, the high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device transforms key heat input parameters in the pyrolysis process from slow variables dependent on the material state into engineering-controllable variables determined by pressure setting, valve opening time, and on / off rhythm, achieving calibrable, repeatable, and adjustable heat input. At the same time, the buffer and pressure stabilization unit weakens the impact of evaporation fluctuations on the reaction zone, improving the consistency of each steam supply process. This improves the uniformity and dynamic controllability of the temperature distribution in the reaction zone, reduces the accumulation of side reactions and the risk of coking during heating, and enhances the stability, repeatability, and engineering feasibility of the pyrolysis process.

[0051] Specifically, in existing technologies, heat is often generated and transferred directly from the outer wall of the reactor or inside the reaction zone, making it susceptible to the effects of the charging state, coking, and aging. This invention sets the generation of zinc vapor within an independent evaporation chamber, eliminating the "heat generation" function of the reaction zone and reducing it to a "heat receiving and reaction area." Furthermore, by incorporating a buffer pressure-stabilizing chamber, the steam is first stored and pressure-stabilized before entering the reaction zone, thus achieving repeatability and calibrability of the heating process. Simultaneously, a valve group consisting of an inlet valve, a pressure relief valve, a collection valve, and an exhaust valve allows for rapid opening and closing of the heat input, structurally supporting a heating-cooling cycle and segmented heating. This device transforms the heat input from a slow variable "dependent on material condition and empirical adjustment" into a fast variable directly determined by engineering parameters such as pressure setpoint, valve opening time, pulse frequency, and duty cycle, thereby improving the reproducibility and modelability of the process at the structural level.

[0052] The structure of this invention can be scaled up or down according to different reaction requirements. It can be used in laboratory or pilot-scale research devices, or it can be extended to industrial devices through parallel or series connection of multiple units. Its reaction zone can also be replaced with tubular, batch, multi-tube or modular structures according to different process requirements without affecting the basic idea of ​​"staged heating, pressure stabilization and buffering, and rapid start-up and shutdown" of this invention.

[0053] Furthermore, the structure of this invention is not only applicable to pyrolysis processes, but can also be extended to other high-temperature reaction processes requiring rapid and controllable heat input, such as gasification, reforming, calcination, reduction, and heat treatment. Even if catalytic modules, separation modules, online detection modules, or intelligent control modules are subsequently added to this structure, as long as they remain based on the latent heat supply structure of this invention, they should all be considered extensions and applications within the scope of this invention.

[0054] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A highly efficient targeted pyrolysis device utilizing pulsed heating of metal vapor, characterized in that, include: An evaporation unit, a buffer pressure stabilizing unit for stabilizing the steam generated by the evaporation unit, and a reaction and collection unit connected to the buffer pressure stabilizing unit via a first air inlet pipe; the first air inlet pipe is provided with at least one air inlet valve; The evaporation unit includes: Evaporation chamber, used to collect and output steam; A heating element is disposed within the evaporation chamber; The material container is surrounded by the heating element; The first inert scavenging assembly is located at the bottom of the evaporation chamber.

2. The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating element is a hollow heating tube with several through holes on its side wall; both ends of the heating tube are connected to the side wall of the evaporation chamber through sealing flanges; one end of the heating tube is provided with a first sealing cap, and the material trough enters the interior of the heating tube through the end of the heating tube away from the first sealing cap.

3. The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the material container is provided with a second sealing cap that matches the cross-section of the heating tube.

4. The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first inert scavenging assembly includes a plurality of first inert scavenging pipes; the first inert scavenging pipes are spaced apart at the bottom of the evaporation chamber.

5. The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporation unit further includes a cooling grid disposed on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber, a solid recovery tank disposed at the bottom of the evaporation chamber, and an exhaust pipe disposed at the top of the evaporation chamber; the cooling grid covers part of the outer wall of the evaporation chamber; the cooling grid is provided with a coolant inlet and outlet.

6. The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer voltage regulator unit includes: A buffer pressure stabilizing chamber is connected to the evaporation unit via a second air inlet pipe; the first air inlet pipe is located at the end of the buffer pressure stabilizing chamber opposite to the second air inlet pipe. The second inert scavenging assembly is disposed at one end of the buffer pressure stabilizing chamber near the second air inlet pipe; The sensing assembly includes a temperature measuring rod and a pressure measuring rod disposed within the buffer pressure regulating chamber; The exhaust assembly includes an exhaust pipe that forms a branch structure with the first intake pipe.

7. The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second intake pipe is equipped with a flow valve; the exhaust pipe is equipped with an exhaust valve.

8. The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second inert scavenging assembly includes a plurality of second inert scavenging pipes; the second scavenging pipes are spaced apart on the side wall of the buffer pressure stabilizing chamber near the end of the second inlet pipe.

9. The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction and collection unit includes: The reaction chamber is connected to the buffer and voltage stabilizing unit via the first air inlet pipe; The third inert scavenging assembly is disposed at one end of the reaction chamber near the first air inlet pipe; The reaction tank is located on the side of the reaction chamber away from the first air inlet pipe, and forms a pull-out structure with the reaction chamber; The collection assembly includes a collection tube disposed at the end of the reaction chamber opposite to the first air inlet pipe.

10. The high-efficiency targeted pyrolysis device utilizing metal vapor pulse heating according to claim 9, characterized in that, The third inert scavenging assembly includes a plurality of third inert scavenging pipes; the third scavenging pipes are spaced apart on the side wall of the reaction chamber near the end of the first inlet pipe; the collection assembly also includes a collection valve disposed on the collection pipe, and a pressure relief pipe forming a branch structure with the collection pipe and a pressure relief valve disposed on the pressure relief pipe.

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