A kind of assembly type anti-large particle bed load scouring protection layer of hydraulic structure overflow surface and construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of water structure over-flow surface assembly type resistance large particle push sediment scour protection layer and construction method, belong to water construction technical field;A kind of water structure over-flow surface assembly type resistance large particle push sediment scour protection layer includes: the finishing pit formed in the position being destroyed, anchor rod fixed in finishing pit, the reinforced composite base layer formed in finishing pit, and the protection panel of covering integral surface, with anchor rod assembly connection.This application proposes assembly type composite connection system and corresponding structure design, construction method;By introducing rigid mechanical anchoring, constructing reinforced composite base layer, realizing modular assembly, the core problems such as connection unreliable, weak interface existing, maintenance difficult in prior art are systematically solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering construction technology, and in particular to a prefabricated protective layer against large particle bedload abrasion on the flow surface of hydraulic structures (such as the bottom plate of a spillway, a flood channel, a stilling basin, etc.) and its construction method, which is particularly suitable for working conditions that are subjected to long-term scouring and abrasion by large particles and high-hardness bedload. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic structures are highly susceptible to severe erosion damage under the long-term action of high-speed water flow, especially water flow rich in large particles of bedload. Conventional repair methods (such as high-strength, abrasion-resistant silica fume concrete, epoxy mortar layers, etc.) have shortcomings such as insufficient impact resistance and easy cracking.

[0003] In recent years, a technique has emerged that uses prefabricated wear-resistant panels (such as microcrystalline panels) bonded to a substrate. For example, Chinese utility model patent document CN209555863U (application number CN2019201476901) discloses a "microcrystalline panel structure for hydraulic structures." This structure involves setting a mortar layer on a concrete substrate, bonding a wear-resistant microcrystalline panel with an extension strip at the bottom to the mortar layer, and connecting adjacent panels using adhesive. The bottom area of ​​the extension strip is larger than its connection area with the base panel, aiming to improve pull-out resistance through mortar bonding.

[0004] However, through engineering practice and analysis, this type of "adhesive" protective structure that relies on pure adhesive bonding (mortar bonding + side adhesive bonding) still has the following inherent defects when dealing with extreme hydraulic conditions (such as high flow velocity, large particle bedload, and strong pulsating pressure).

[0005] ① The connection reliability is single and easy to age; the connection between the protective layer and the substrate depends entirely on the bonding force of the organic adhesive (mortar, adhesive). Under long-term water flow pulsation, temperature change and chemical erosion, the adhesive is prone to aging and fatigue, resulting in the weakening of the bonding strength, causing the board to delaminate or even peel off completely.

[0006] ② Lack of active mechanical anchoring; Although the extension strip at the bottom of the board increases the contact area with the mortar, its pull-out resistance is essentially derived from the adhesion and gripping of the mortar, which is a "passive" embedding; When subjected to upward water flow pulsation pressure or negative pressure suction, there is a lack of rigid mechanical locking mechanism to provide fundamental protection, and the ability to resist overturning is limited.

[0007] ③ Weak links exist in the base treatment; This technology usually requires laying a layer of leveling mortar on the old concrete base. If the interface between the new and old concrete is not properly treated or the leveling layer itself has poor performance, it is very easy to form a weak bonding surface between the "new leveling layer and the old base concrete", which becomes the first link to be damaged in the protection system, that is, the so-called "two skins" phenomenon.

[0008] ④ Poor maintainability; once the adhesive layer under a certain board fails or the board is damaged, it is difficult to disassemble and replace it locally without damage because it is bonded to the surrounding boards and the base layer as a whole. It often requires large-area demolition and repair, resulting in high maintenance costs and long cycles.

[0009] Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned key issues, especially how to solve the key problems of reliable and long-term connection between the protective layer and the foundation, resistance to high-intensity pulsation and impact, and convenient maintenance, it is urgent to propose a more effective and innovative protection system. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to propose a prefabricated protective layer against large particle erosion and abrasion on the flow surface of hydraulic structures and a construction method therefor, in order to overcome the technical defects of existing adhesive protective structures, such as single connection reliability, weak anti-overturning ability, weak interface, and difficult maintenance.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0012] A prefabricated protective layer against large particle erosion on the flow surface of a hydraulic structure includes: a repair pit formed at the damaged location, an anchor bolt fixed in the repair pit, a reinforced composite base layer poured into the repair pit to form a flat surface, and a protective panel covering the entire surface and assembled with the anchor bolt.

[0013] In some embodiments, a top cover is adhered to the top of the protective panel.

[0014] In some embodiments, the protective panel is composed of several assembled pieces; each protective panel is connected to at least one anchor bolt.

[0015] In some embodiments, the method further includes: applying a composite bonding layer to cover the mounting area of ​​the protective panel.

[0016] In some embodiments, the top of the anchor bolt is threaded with an adjusting sleeve or extends upward to form a preset connection point;

[0017] The protective panel has countersunk holes and is assembled and connected to a preset connection point using fasteners.

[0018] In some embodiments, the fastener is sealed with adhesive.

[0019] The countersunk hole has an enlarged outer annular cavity near the top.

[0020] In some embodiments, the lower end portion of the anchor bolt is provided with multiple layers of circumferential grooves and multiple vertical grooves that penetrate and connect the circumferential grooves and extend upward.

[0021] In some embodiments, a stabilizing ring is fitted onto the lower end of the anchor bolt;

[0022] The stabilizing ring includes a ring body and multiple extended arms arranged around it.

[0023] In some embodiments, the upper and middle sections of the anchor bolt are threaded and threaded with a connecting disc; a tie rod is mounted on the connecting disc to connect multiple adjacent anchor bolts.

[0024] A construction method for a prefabricated protective layer against large particle erosion on the flow surface of a hydraulic structure includes the following steps:

[0025] S1. Base surface treatment and anchoring system construction: Treat the base surface to a solid, rough concrete foundation; drill holes, inject adhesive, insert anchor bolts and adjust them into place;

[0026] S2. Reinforced composite base layer pouring: Apply interface agent, pour polymer concrete, and cure to design strength;

[0027] S3. Panel positioning: Locate and determine the panel assembly area on the base layer;

[0028] S4. Composite bonding layer construction and panel installation: Apply flexible adhesive layer, align and install the panel, and initially tighten it;

[0029] S5. Adjusting fastening and sealing: Adjust the flatness of the panel and the gaps between the panels, finally tighten the fasteners, and fill the mounting holes with sealant.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a prefabricated protective layer against large particle erosion on the flow surface of hydraulic structures and a construction method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects.

[0031] 1. This invention proposes a novel "prefabricated composite connection" system and corresponding structural design and construction methods. This solution systematically solves the core problems of unreliable connection, weak interface, and difficult maintenance in the prior art by introducing rigid mechanical anchoring, constructing reinforced composite base layer, and realizing modular assembly.

[0032] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows; and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description; or may be learned from practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention (without a top cover).

[0035] Figure 3 This is a partial explosion state diagram of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the stepped groove.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion state of the protective panel.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the protective panel.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the protective panel.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the corner segment of the loop.

[0041] Figure 9 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the protective panel and ring.

[0042] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 12 for Figure 11 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0045] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A magnified structural diagram at point B in the middle.

[0046] Figure 14 This is a partial exploded structural diagram of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the layered explosion structure of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor bolt's engagement state.

[0049] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the group structure of anchor bolts.

[0050] Figure 18 This is a top view schematic diagram of the grouped structure of anchor bolts.

[0051] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the anchor bolt and the borehole.

[0052] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the multiple states of an anchor bolt.

[0053] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the engagement state of a single anchor bolt.

[0054] Figure 22 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the anchor bolt.

[0055] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the explosive state of the anchor bolt.

[0056] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting disk.

[0057] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stationary loop.

[0058] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

[0059] In the picture:

[0060] 1. Repair pit; 11. Step groove; 12. Flexible pad; 2. Anchor bolt; 21. Circumferential groove; 22. Vertical groove; 3. Reinforced composite base layer; 4. Protective panel; 41. Countersunk hole; 42. Fastener; 43. Outwardly expanding annular cavity; 44. Rubber plug; 5. Top cover plate; 6. Ring; 7. Adjusting cylinder; 71. Claw; 8. Stable ring; 81. Ring body; 82. Extension arm; 811. Guide block; 9. Connecting plate; 91. Hanging hole; 92. Pull rod. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0062] Reference Figure 1-25 A prefabricated protective layer against large particle erosion on the flow surface of a hydraulic structure includes: a repair pit 1 formed at the damaged location, an anchor 2 fixed in the repair pit 1, a reinforced composite base layer 3 cast in the repair pit 1 to form a flat surface, and a protective panel 4 covering the entire surface and assembled and connected with the anchor 2.

[0063] It is important to note that the erosion damage to the concrete should be treated and repaired to a solid, rough concrete foundation; after array drilling and injection of adhesive, anchor rod 2 should be installed, and a reinforced composite base layer should be used for repair and leveling.

[0064] Among them, the reinforced composite base layer 3 is made of polymer concrete (such as epoxy concrete), which covers the anchor rod 2 and forms an integral structure with it.

[0065] Furthermore, the reinforced composite base layer 3 also includes a steel mesh.

[0066] After the anchor rod is anchored with high-performance structural adhesive, the steel mesh is welded to the anchor rod to form a rigid spatial skeleton.

[0067] Polymer concrete fills and wraps the skeleton, tightly bonding with the old concrete matrix and skeleton to form a high-strength, highly integrated transitional structural layer.

[0068] Protective panel 4 is a prefabricated high-performance impact and abrasion resistant sheet material; the panel has prefabricated through-holes, and the panel thickness is not less than 35mm; the panel material should have good impact toughness (≥3.5 kJ / m²) and abrasion resistance (abrasion loss ≤0.05g / cm², JC / T 260-2001). For example, a microcrystalline panel can be used.

[0069] Correspondingly, a preset connection point is formed within the reinforced composite base layer 3, and the protective panel 4 is assembled and connected to the preset connection point.

[0070] For example, after the upper end of the anchor rod 2 passes through upwards, a preset connection point is formed; the extended part of the anchor rod 2 is threaded and matches the mounting port of the protective panel 4, and fasteners 42 (nuts) are installed to fix it, and the excess top end is cut off.

[0071] Alternatively, preset connection points can be set independently;

[0072] For example, during the pouring stage, threaded cylinders or screws are pre-embedded in the reinforced composite base layer 3;

[0073] Alternatively, after the reinforced composite base layer 3 is formed, drilling, anchor bolts, or threaded cylinders can be installed.

[0074] It should be noted that the protective panel 4 is composed of several assembled pieces;

[0075] Each protective panel 4 is connected to at least one anchor bolt 2; that is, forming one or more connection points.

[0076] During the repair process, the area to be treated should be planned, and the panel coverage area and the location of each panel should be designed.

[0077] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown; after the protective panel 4 is fixed in place, glue is injected to seal the installation position of the fastener 42, forming a flat surface.

[0078] In some embodiments, it further includes: applying a composite bonding layer to cover the mounting area of ​​the protective panel 4.

[0079] The process involves applying a flexible, high-performance adhesive (the type of which is selected based on specific environmental requirements) to form a composite connection layer that combines mechanical anchoring and flexible bonding, connecting the reinforced composite base layer to the panel unit.

[0080] Preferably, a flexible high-performance adhesive is applied to both the surface of the reinforced composite substrate and the back of the panel.

[0081] After the composite bonding layer is set, the protective panel 4 fits more tightly and forms a flexible structure, which has the effects of buffering and sealing.

[0082] In some embodiments, the protective panels 4 are formed with snap-fit ​​edges between adjacent panels, resulting in a tighter overall fit.

[0083] like Figure 3 , 5 As shown in ~7; the adjacent sides of the two protective panels 4 form a staggered downward pressing edge and a step edge, respectively.

[0084] It should be noted that when the parts are interlocked, the protective panel 4 in the middle cannot be removed directly (it needs to be removed from the edge inwards); in actual use, consider whether to set a clamping edge according to the actual situation and needs.

[0085] In some embodiments, the outer edge of the protective panel 4 forms a surrounding snap-fit ​​edge, and a ring 6 is pressed down to fit it.

[0086] Among them, the inner side of ring 6 is the stepped edge that is pressed down, and the outer ring forms a sloping surface (outer low).

[0087] Preferably, the ring 6 is a single structure with all sides connected together; the ring 6 is pre-positioned before the protective panel 4 is assembled; in this state, the ring 6 exerts a cohesive force on the protective panel 4.

[0088] It should be noted that since no additional fixing structure is provided for the ring 6, the force is applied to it by the protective panel 4; at the same time, the ring 6 is also bonded by the composite connecting layer.

[0089] For ring 6, after each side is machined to its length, it is welded together as one piece; the diagram shows a quadrilateral, but it can also be set to a corresponding shape such as a hexagon, depending on the requirements and the layout of the panel.

[0090] Optionally, the lower surface of ring 6 is grooved and fitted with a water-swellable strip.

[0091] In some embodiments, a top cover plate 5 is adhered to the top of the protective panel 4.

[0092] It should be noted that the protective panel 4 is composed of multiple pieces, and some gaps are unavoidable; therefore, a large-volume top cover 5 is specially added; the top cover 5 is a whole piece of board without splicing gaps, and the tightness of the edge needs to be well controlled.

[0093] like Figure 1 As shown; the inner surface of the protective panel 4 fits with the "structure composed of the protective panel 4 and the ring 6" to form a complete cover, which is fixed by high-strength adhesive; an enlarged rim can be optionally provided, and anchors such as expansion bolts at the edge can be used for fixing.

[0094] In some embodiments, a stepped groove 11 is formed at the top of the trimming pit 1;

[0095] A flexible pad 12 is placed inside the stepped groove 11, and the protective panel 4 is pressed onto the flexible pad 12.

[0096] Understandably, with the stepped groove 11 in place: the reinforced composite base layer 3 is poured to be flush with the stepped groove 11, forming a recessed planar space in which the flexible pad 12 is placed; in the installed state, the flexible pad 12 is pressed down to be slightly higher than the external base surface; the upper and lower surfaces of the flexible pad 12 are coated with a flexible high-performance adhesive. Upon impact, the overall pad provides a larger buffer zone.

[0097] It should be noted that a thicker layer of flexible high-performance adhesive is applied to the base surface around the raised area of ​​the flexible pad 12; when the protective panel 4 is installed and locked, the flexible high-performance adhesive forms a good adhesive seal and fill state.

[0098] In some embodiments, the top thread of the anchor bolt 2 is fitted with an adjusting sleeve 7 to form a preset connection point.

[0099] In this state, the preset connection point formed by the adjusting cylinder 7 is directly and securely connected to the anchor rod 2, resulting in stronger overall pull-out resistance; at the same time, the height of the adjusting cylinder 7 is adjustable, providing better overall precision and flexibility.

[0100] Correspondingly, countersunk holes 41 are provided on the protective panel 4, and screws are used as fasteners 42 to assemble and connect with the preset connection point.

[0101] Understandably, compared to cutting off the anchor bolt, the screw, as a fastener 42, better maintains the sunken state, and the sealing effect of filling the top with sealant is better.

[0102] like Figure 13 As shown, a rubber plug 44 is formed by injecting adhesive to seal the fastener 42.

[0103] Furthermore, an enlarged annular cavity 43 with an increased diameter is provided near the top of the countersunk hole 41.

[0104] like Figure 3 , 7 As shown in Figures 13-15, the countersunk hole 41 and the outer expanding annular cavity 43 cooperate to form an injection space that is larger at the bottom and smaller at the top; after the injection solidifies inside, the resulting colloid is stuck inside, making it more stable.

[0105] In some embodiments, a plurality of barbs 71 are fixedly provided on the outer side of the adjusting cylinder 7.

[0106] In the cast reinforced composite base layer 3, the inverted claws 71 form a stronger fixing state and have better torsional resistance.

[0107] Preferably, the reinforcing bar can be tied to the barb 71 to further enhance the fixing effect.

[0108] In some embodiments, the lower end portion of the anchor rod 2 has been improved to achieve better fixation and colloid filling; such as Figures 20-23 As shown, the lower part of the anchor rod 2 is surrounded by multiple layers of circumferential grooves 21, and multiple vertical grooves 22 that penetrate and connect the circumferential grooves 21 and extend upward.

[0109] After injecting anchoring adhesive into the borehole, the anchor rod 2 is inserted. During the insertion process, the anchoring adhesive is squeezed out and fills the circumferential groove 21. The additional vertical groove 22 is also filled with anchoring adhesive. In the end, the anchoring adhesive is more fully filled and has more contact surface with the anchor rod 2.

[0110] In some embodiments, a stabilizing ring 8 is fitted to the lower end of the anchor rod 2 to further improve installation accuracy and minimize displacement during the process of tying reinforcing bars and pouring concrete.

[0111] like Figure 25 As shown; the stabilizing ring 8 includes: a ring body 81 and a plurality of extended arms 82 arranged around it to form an enlarged contact surface.

[0112] When in use, the stabilizing ring 8 contacts the bottom of the pit, which better maintains the stability of the anchor bolt 2; and some of the anchoring adhesive is squeezed out, which can also be used to bond and fix the stabilizing ring 8.

[0113] Preferably, the lower ends of the ring body 81 and the extension arm 82 are on the same plane.

[0114] Preferably, a guide block 811 is provided on the inner side of the stabilizing ring 8, corresponding to the vertical groove 22.

[0115] like Figures 19-23 As shown, this facilitates the placement of the stabilizer ring 8 from below without causing relative rotation.

[0116] In some embodiments, the upper middle section of the anchor bolt 2 is threaded and threadedly fitted with a connecting disc 9.

[0117] Meanwhile, multiple hanging holes 91 are evenly arranged around the connecting plate 9; the connecting plate 9 is equipped with a tie rod 92 to connect multiple adjacent anchor rods 2.

[0118] like Figures 16-18 As shown; multiple anchor rods 2 are connected; by using anchor rods 2 of fixed length, the positional accuracy and stability of the anchor rods 2 are further ensured.

[0119] Preferably, the hanging hole 91 of the connecting plate 9 is an arc-shaped elongated hole, which has a little room for movement.

[0120] The end of the pull rod 92 is bent upward (initially bent into a vertical shape); during installation, the bent section is bent into a hook shape to form a stable connection; in addition, the pull rod 92 with the bent section can be directly inserted and welded to the connecting plate 9.

[0121] In addition, the hanging holes 91 of the connecting plate 9 are preferably set to eight evenly surrounding holes, and can also be set to diagonally adjacent holes.

[0122] Reference Figure 26 A construction method for a prefabricated protective layer against large particle erosion on the flow surface of a hydraulic structure, based on the aforementioned protective layer; comprising the following steps:

[0123] S1. Base surface treatment and anchoring system construction: Treat the base surface to a solid, rough concrete foundation, drill holes, inject adhesive, insert anchor rods and adjust them into place; tie / weld steel mesh and weld it to the anchor rods to form an integral frame;

[0124] S2. Reinforced composite base pouring: Apply interface agent, set up formwork and pour polymer concrete, and cure to design strength;

[0125] S3. Panel Positioning: Locate the panel assembly area on the base layer; align the panel mounting hole positions with the pre-set connection points within the base layer.

[0126] S4. Construction of composite bonding layer and panel installation: Apply flexible adhesive layer to the base surface, align and install the panel, and initially tighten it;

[0127] S5. Adjusting fastening and sealing: Adjust the flatness of the panel and the gaps between the panels, finally tighten the fasteners, and fill the mounting holes with sealant.

[0128] S6. Joint Treatment and Maintenance: Treat board joints and provide overall maintenance.

[0129] It should be noted that in step S1, after the stabilizing ring 8 and the tie rod 92 are installed in place, the reinforcing mesh is welded; the reinforcing mesh can be set to multiple layers.

[0130] Example: Taking the repair of the bottom plate of a power station's spillway gate as an example.

[0131] 1. Basic processing

[0132] In areas with localized erosion pits on the flow surface, the base surface is chiseled down to a solid concrete foundation. Φ20 anchor bolts (300mm deep, 500mm spacing, quincunx pattern) are inserted and anchored with adhesive. Φ12@200×200mm steel mesh is tied and welded to all anchor bolts. An epoxy interface agent is applied, and NE-I type epoxy concrete (compressive strength ≥60MPa) is poured to form a reinforced composite base layer, which is then cured.

[0133] 2. Construction of impact-resistant abrasion surface layer

[0134] An improved three-resistant microcrystalline plate (300mm×300mm×35mm, with a pre-drilled Φ14 hole in the center, impact toughness ≥3.5kJ / m², abrasion loss ≤0.05g / cm², JC / T 260-2001) is adopted.

[0135] Lay out the base layer, drill holes according to the plate hole positions, and insert Φ12 connecting bolts (glue anchors) to a depth of 10cm.

[0136] Apply NE-II type epoxy mortar (15mm thick) to the base surface. Align and install the improved three-resistant microcrystalline board, and tighten the nuts (torque 15N·m).

[0137] Cut off any excess screws and seal the holes with sealant. Fill the gaps between the boards.

[0138] Use after maintenance.

[0139] Technical Comparison Analysis (Compared with CN209555863U)

[0140] Comparison Dimensions Existing technology This invention (assembled type) Substantial Features and Advances of the Invention Core connection method Pure adhesive bonding: relies on mortar layer to bond the bottom extension strip of the board and the side adhesive, which is a passive gripping and surface bonding. Composite connection: rigid mechanical anchor (screw) + flexible adhesive buffer seal, which is an active locking and point-to-surface combination. A fundamental innovation. It provides rigid pull-out resistance that does not rely on the long-term performance of adhesives, solving the peeling problem caused by adhesive layer aging and fatigue, resulting in a qualitative leap in reliability. Basic structure and interface Mortar leveling layer: Its main function is to level and provide a bonding base surface. The interface between the new and old concrete is the weak point. Enhanced composite base layer: A structural transition layer composed of "anchor bolts + steel mesh + polymer concrete" to achieve deep anchoring and overall bonding with the old concrete. Significant progress has been made. The weak leveling layer has been upgraded to a structurally integrated transition layer, eliminating the "two-layer" phenomenon and greatly improving the overall integrity of the system and its load transfer capacity. Panel design Solid slab with bottom extension strip: The extension strip increases the contact area with mortar. Precast panels with center mounting holes: designed for mechanical assembly, with higher performance indicators. The purposes and functions are different. The sheet material design of this invention serves "assembly," while the prior art serves "increasing the bonding area"; thus, modularization is achieved. Impact resistance and rollover resistance mechanism It relies on the bonding and embedding force between the extension strip and the mortar to resist the upward lifting force, which is a passive mechanism. It mainly relies on the mechanical locking force of the connecting screw to resist the upward lifting force, with the adhesive as an aid, making it an active mechanism. Advanced mechanism. Mechanical anchoring provides clear, strong, and durable anti-overturning capability, especially suitable for high-pulsating pressure conditions. Construction and maintainability The quality of the overall adhesive bonding process depends on the on-site adhesive application; repairs are difficult once damaged, requiring complete removal. Modular assembly construction allows for controllable key connection points; supports independent disassembly and replacement of individual boards, making maintenance convenient. Significant advantages include maintainability of the protective layer, reduced life-cycle costs, and less downtime. System reliability basis Based on adhesive properties and construction experience, long-term performance remains uncertain. The mechanical model is clear: the mechanical anchoring force can be calculated, and the composite connection is synergistically stressed; the long-term performance is highly predictable. The design is more scientific. The safety margin can be quantified and assessed, resulting in higher system reliability.

[0141] It is evident that this solution is not a simple improvement on existing technologies, but rather addresses the fundamental weakness of relying on pure adhesives by proposing a completely new "prefabricated composite connection" system and corresponding structural design and construction methods. By introducing rigid mechanical anchoring, constructing reinforced composite base layers, and achieving modular assembly, this solution systematically solves the core problems of unreliable connections, weak interfaces, and difficult maintenance in existing technologies.

[0142] This invention abandons the purely adhesive "sticking" method and pioneers a composite connection mechanism that prioritizes rigid mechanical anchoring and supplements it with flexible adhesive buffering. The connecting screw provides primary rigidity against the upward force of water flow and pulsating pressure; its mechanism of action is clear, and its reliability does not significantly decrease with age. The flexible adhesive layer plays an auxiliary role in stress buffering, uniform force transmission, and sealing against seepage. This connection method, with its clear distinction between primary and secondary components and its combination of rigidity and flexibility, fundamentally solves the global problem of fatigue aging and failure in purely adhesive systems.

[0143] In this invention, a triple-integrated reinforcement system is employed: ① Deep anchoring: Anchor bolts are deeply embedded in the old concrete, effectively transferring the load to the deep, stable rock mass; ② Integral skeleton: The steel mesh is welded to all anchor bolts, forming a spatial integral load-bearing skeleton; ③ High-performance transition layer: Polymer concrete (such as epoxy concrete) not only fills the skeleton, but its own high strength and high bonding properties enable the newly poured layer to achieve "chemical bonding and micro-mechanical interlocking" with the old concrete matrix, completely eliminating the weak interface of "two skins"; This constitutes a continuous, integral, and high-strength force transmission path from the deep matrix to the surface panel, which is fundamentally different from and significantly improves upon the simple mortar leveling layer in conventional technology.

[0144] In this invention, true "assembly" and maintainability are achieved: the panel is modularly assembled through structures such as mounting holes and connecting screws, and the installation, fastening, and disassembly of the panel are independently controllable; when a part is damaged, it can be disassembled and replaced without damaging the surrounding structure, realizing the "removable, replaceable, and maintainable" nature of the protective layer, which greatly reduces the total life cycle cost. This is a significant advantage that cannot be achieved by the overall adhesive structure in conventional technology.

[0145] In this invention, the overall performance is comprehensively improved: through the above-mentioned structural innovation, the protective layer has achieved a qualitative improvement in terms of impact resistance (especially against large particles), resistance to pulsating fatigue, and long-term durability; engineering practice shows that it can effectively cope with extreme hydraulic conditions and has a long design life.

[0146] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0147] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0148] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated protective layer against large particle erosion on the flow surface of a hydraulic structure, characterized in that, include: The repair pit (1) formed at the damaged location, the anchor rod (2) fixed in the repair pit (1), the reinforced composite base layer (3) poured in the repair pit (1) to form a flat surface, and the protective panel (4) covering the entire surface and assembled and connected with the anchor rod (2).

2. The prefabricated anti-large particle erosion protective layer for the flow surface of hydraulic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, A top cover plate (5) is attached to the top of the protective panel (4).

3. The prefabricated anti-large particle erosion protective layer for the flow surface of hydraulic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective panel (4) is composed of several pieces; each protective panel (4) is connected to at least one anchor rod (2).

4. The prefabricated anti-large particle erosion protective layer for the flow surface of hydraulic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Apply a composite bonding layer to the installation area of ​​the protective panel (4).

5. The prefabricated anti-large particle erosion protective layer for the flow surface of hydraulic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the anchor rod (2) is threaded with an adjusting cylinder (7) or passes through upwards to form a preset connection point; The protective panel (4) has countersunk holes (41) and is assembled and connected to a preset connection point by fasteners (42).

6. The prefabricated anti-large particle erosion protective layer for the flow surface of hydraulic structures according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fastener (42) is sealed with adhesive. The countersunk hole (41) has an enlarged outer annular cavity (43) with an increased diameter near the top.

7. The prefabricated anti-large particle erosion protective layer for the flow surface of hydraulic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the anchor rod (2) is surrounded by multiple layers of circumferential grooves (21) and multiple vertical grooves (22) that penetrate and connect the circumferential grooves (21) and extend upward.

8. The prefabricated anti-large particle erosion protective layer for the flow surface of hydraulic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the anchor rod (2) is fitted with a stabilizing ring (8); The stabilizing ring (8) includes a ring body (81) and a plurality of extended arms (82) arranged around it.

9. The prefabricated anti-large particle erosion protective layer for the flow surface of hydraulic structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and middle sections of the anchor rod (2) are threaded and threaded with a connecting plate (9); a pull rod (92) is mounted on the connecting plate (9) to connect multiple adjacent anchor rods (2).

10. A construction method for a prefabricated protective layer against large particle erosion on the flow surface of a hydraulic structure, based on the protective layer described in any one of claims 1 to 9; characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Base surface treatment and anchoring system construction: Treat the base surface to a solid, rough concrete foundation; drill holes, inject adhesive, insert anchor bolts and adjust them into place; S2. Reinforced composite base layer pouring: Apply interface agent, pour polymer concrete, and cure to design strength; S3. Panel positioning: Locate and determine the panel assembly area on the base layer; S4. Composite bonding layer construction and panel installation: Apply flexible adhesive layer, align and install the panel, and initially tighten it; S5. Adjusting fastening and sealing: Adjust the flatness of the panel and the gaps between the panels, finally tighten the fasteners, and fill the mounting holes with sealant.

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