An elevator shaft foundation pit construction method

Abstract

The application provides an elevator shaft foundation pit construction method, which comprises the following steps: first, forming a center hole: digging a center hole at the center of the area of the building elevator shaft foundation pit; second, widening the center hole to match the size of the elevator shaft foundation pit: first, extending a transverse hole widening structure into the center hole to form a transverse groove matching the width direction of the elevator shaft foundation pit, and then extending a longitudinal hole widening structure into the transverse groove to form an elevator shaft foundation pit blank; and third, forming the elevator shaft foundation pit: trimming the elevator shaft foundation pit blank, pouring a concrete wall in the elevator shaft foundation pit blank, and installing components required by the elevator. The application aims to provide a construction method for quickly forming an elevator shaft foundation pit, improve the construction efficiency of the shaft pit excavation, has high construction precision, and reduces the construction cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of elevator construction technology, and in particular to a method for constructing elevator shaft foundation pits. Background Technology

[0002] Elevator shaft pit construction is a crucial step in elevator installation projects. Traditional methods rely primarily on manual excavation, which presents several problems: 1. Low efficiency: Manual excavation typically takes 3-5 days to complete a standard shaft pit, severely impacting project progress; 2. Difficulty in ensuring construction accuracy: The flatness and dimensional tolerances of manually excavated pits often exceed specifications; 3. Insufficient safety: The confined space within the shaft poses risks of collapse and falls. Furthermore, the excavated soil requires manual transport, increasing construction costs. These issues significantly restrict the quality and efficiency of elevator installation projects. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a method for rapidly forming elevator shaft foundation pits, which improves the construction efficiency of shaft pit excavation, achieves high construction accuracy, and reduces construction costs.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for constructing an elevator shaft foundation pit, characterized by the following steps: First, forming a central hole: excavating a central hole at the center of the area of ​​the building elevator shaft foundation pit; Second, widening the central hole to match the size of the elevator shaft foundation pit: first, inserting a transverse widening structure into the central hole to form a transverse groove matching the width of the elevator shaft foundation pit, and then inserting a longitudinal widening structure into the transverse groove to form a rough elevator shaft foundation pit; Third, forming the elevator shaft foundation pit: trimming the rough elevator shaft foundation pit and pouring concrete walls and installing elevator components within the rough elevator shaft foundation pit. This technical solution, by forming a central hole and then forming the foundation pit through compression and expansion, is fast and highly accurate.

[0005] Preferably, the transverse expansion structure includes two vertical steel plates, a transverse hydraulic cylinder detachably connected to the two vertical steel plates at both ends, and several telescopic rods detachably connected to the two vertical steel plates at both ends. The telescopic rods are used to keep the two vertical steel plates parallel. In use, the two vertical steel plates are inserted into the central hole, the telescopic rods are connected to the two vertical steel plates, and the transverse hydraulic cylinders are connected to the two vertical steel plates, causing the transverse hydraulic cylinders to extend and drive the two vertical steel plates to separate, thereby forming the transverse groove. The transverse expansion structure includes two extruded steel plates and an inflatable bag located between the two extruded steel plates. The shape of the inflatable bag when expanded is the same as the shape of the elevator shaft pit blank. In use, the two extruded steel plates are inserted into the transverse groove, and the inflatable bag is inflated, causing the two extruded steel plates to separate to a set position, thereby forming the elevator shaft pit blank. The telescopic rods can prevent twisting when pushing the vertical steel plates, improving the accuracy of forming the transverse groove. Compared to hydraulic cylinder compression, compression via a compression bag allows for installation even with narrower transverse grooves. It also enables pressure application over a larger area.

[0006] Preferably, the vertical steel plate is provided with a cylinder limiting blind hole and a telescopic rod limiting blind hole. The horizontal cylinder passes through the cylinder limiting blind hole, and the telescopic rod passes through the telescopic rod limiting blind hole. This improves the ease of installation, and the telescopic rod and horizontal cylinder will not fall off under the influence of gravity.

[0007] Preferably, when the vertical steel plate is located within the central hole, the hydraulic cylinder limiting blind hole is located in the center of the elevator shaft pit. A positioning block is provided in the middle of the inflatable bag, and the positioning block passes through the positioning hole when the inflatable bag is inflated. This avoids the phenomenon where one end advances faster than the other when the soil hardness differs at both ends of the pit, leading to inaccurate positioning of the base block. This technical solution uses a positioning block for positioning, ensuring that the base block position will not shift due to different advancement speeds at both ends.

[0008] Preferably, the piston rod of the transverse cylinder is provided with a pressing plate for inserting into the cylinder's limiting blind hole. This increases the contact area between the cylinder and the vertical steel plate, preventing both skewing and damage to the vertical steel plate during retraction.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom wall of the telescopic rod limiting blind hole is provided with a threaded hole. During foundation pit construction, the vertical steel plate is removed by pulling the threaded rod into the foundation pit. This improves the ease of removing the vertical steel plate.

[0010] Preferably, the transverse excavation structure further includes a longitudinal hydraulic cylinder for driving the vertical steel plate to move longitudinally. One end of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is connected to the transverse hydraulic cylinder. In use, the transverse hydraulic cylinder is supported between two vertical steel plates to prevent them from falling over. The other end of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is connected to a pressing steel plate. The longitudinal hydraulic cylinder extends, driving the vertical steel plate towards another pressing steel plate to align with it, thereby cutting the soil between the vertical steel plate and the pressing steel plate. After the vertical steel plate moves towards a pressing steel plate to the position where the vertical steel plate is located in the transverse groove, the other end of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder retracts and abuts against another pressing steel plate. The longitudinal hydraulic cylinder extends again, driving the vertical steel plate towards a pressing steel plate to align with it, thereby cutting the soil between the vertical steel plate and the pressing steel plate. This improves the convenience and accuracy of forming the foundation pit.

[0011] Preferably, the end faces at both ends of the vertical steel plate in the width direction are inclined surfaces oriented towards the center of the vertical steel plate in the width direction, and a vertically extending cutting edge is formed between the end face of the vertical steel plate away from the horizontal cylinder and the end face in the width direction of the vertical steel plate. This makes it easier to cut the soil when the vertical steel plate moves longitudinally.

[0012] Preferably, the longitudinal cylinder is provided with a connecting sleeve, which is rotatably fitted onto the cylinder body of the transverse cylinder. The piston rod of the longitudinal cylinder is provided with a longitudinal cylinder connecting plate, which has a longitudinal cylinder connecting hole. One of the extruded steel plates is provided with an extruded steel plate threaded hole. When switching the longitudinal cylinder to another extruded steel plate, only the longitudinal cylinder needs to be rotated. When resetting the vertical steel plate to the position of the transverse groove, the vertical steel plate is manually pushed towards the position of an extruded steel plate while the longitudinal cylinder retracts to provide assistance. The resetting of the vertical steel plate is convenient and reliable.

[0013] Preferably, in the first step, a central hole is formed by a digging mechanism. The digging mechanism includes: an outer traveling mechanism with wheels at its bottom for movement; and an inner digging mechanism with a digging blade for excavating soil and a leveling device for leveling the pit bottom. The wheels are motor-driven, and the outer traveling mechanism is equipped with tracks adapted to the wheels. The outer traveling mechanism includes multiple hydraulically leveling outriggers that extend to support the ground during digging operations. The digging blade is a rotary auger, comprising a solid shaft driven by a motor, spiral feeding blades on its periphery, a cutting head with a cutting edge at its lower end, and several carbide cutter heads at the lower end of the spiral feeding blades. The leveling device is a flat plate integrated with a vibration motor for vibration compaction, detachably connected to the lower end of the digging blade. The inner digging mechanism is also connected to a material transport system for transporting the excavated soil to the outside of the shaft. This provides a specific technical solution for forming a central hole. The central hole is formed mechanically, quickly and effortlessly.

[0014] The external traveling mechanism enables the equipment's movement and positioning, while the internal excavation mechanism allows for excavation at different depths, improving the efficiency and precision of shaft pit excavation and reducing construction costs. The external traveling mechanism includes multiple hydraulically leveling outriggers that extend to support the ground during excavation. These outriggers, when extended, firmly support the machine on the ground, forming a stable working platform that effectively suppresses swaying and displacement during excavation, ensuring the flatness and verticality of the excavation. The traveling wheels are motor-driven, and the external traveling mechanism is equipped with tracks compatible with them. The motor drive provides autonomous movement, eliminating the need for manual pushing and pulling. Combined with the tracks, it achieves precise equipment positioning, avoiding excavation errors caused by deviation. "The excavator is a rotary auger milling head, which includes a solid shaft driven by a motor, spiral feeding blades around the circumference of the solid shaft, a cutting head with a cutting edge at the lower end of the solid shaft, and several carbide cutter heads at the lower end of the spiral feeding blades." The auger milling head enables continuous and smooth cutting and material collection, with excavation efficiency far exceeding that of intermittent shovels. It also has greater adaptability to geological conditions, especially suitable for hard soil or soil layers containing a small amount of gravel, improving the equipment's engineering applicability. "The leveling device is a flat plate integrated with a vibratory motor for vibration compaction. The flat plate is detachably connected to the lower end of the excavator." The flat plate achieves vibration compaction of the pit bottom, making the soil or subbase material at the bottom of the pit more compact and flat. This avoids installation problems caused by uneven settlement of the foundation during subsequent elevator installation, improving the final operational stability and safety of the elevator, resulting in high construction quality.

[0015] Furthermore, the external traveling mechanism is equipped with a leveling monitoring system, which includes a laser transmitter located outside the shaft and a laser receiver located on the external traveling mechanism. The laser receiver detects the deviation between the external traveling mechanism and the standard horizontal plane in real time, eliminating human measurement errors and improving the reliability of shaft pit excavation.

[0016] Furthermore, the internal excavation mechanism is also connected to a material transport system for transporting the excavated soil to the outside of the shaft. This allows for simultaneous excavation and soil removal, preventing soil accumulation in the pit from affecting subsequent operations, improving overall construction efficiency, and enabling continuous operation.

[0017] Furthermore, the material transport system is a belt conveyor. Belt conveyors are highly efficient, can adapt to the harsh working environment inside the shaft, and ensure the continuous and smooth transport of excavated soil.

[0018] Furthermore, the equipment also includes a control system for controlling the movement of the traveling wheels, the raising and lowering of the internal digging mechanism, and the starting and stopping of the cutting tool and the flattening device. Operators can remotely control the equipment from a safe location outside the shaft with a clear view, avoiding safety risks associated with underground operations (such as collapses or falling objects). Centralized control simplifies the operation process, reduces operational difficulty, and effectively improves construction safety and convenience.

[0019] This invention offers the following advantages: by coordinating the external traveling mechanism and the internal digging mechanism to excavate the center hole, automated excavation and leveling operations are achieved, solving the problems of low efficiency, poor accuracy, and insufficient safety associated with traditional manual excavation. It boasts advantages such as improved construction efficiency, guaranteed construction accuracy, enhanced operational safety, and reduced labor intensity. Then, the foundation pit is formed quickly and accurately through widening. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of an elevator shaft pit construction device disclosed in this invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a side view of a construction equipment for elevator shaft pits disclosed in this invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the excavator blade in an elevator shaft pit construction device disclosed in this invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the inner frame and its upper components in an elevator shaft pit construction equipment disclosed in this invention.

[0024] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the flattening device in an elevator shaft pit construction equipment disclosed in this invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a transverse expansion hole structure installed inside a central hole. Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of the image; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the cross groove after it has been formed. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal hole-expanding structure extending into the transverse groove. Figure 11 for Figure 10 A magnified view of a portion of point A; Figure 12 A schematic diagram showing the process of extruding steel plates and separating them into a set position to form a rough elevator shaft pit; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal end of the transverse sidewall of the elevator shaft foundation pit after it has been finished. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the vertical steel plate being reset to its position in the horizontal groove. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder after repositioning; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram showing the longitudinal end of the horizontal sidewall of the elevator shaft foundation pit after it has been finished.

[0025] In the diagram: External traveling mechanism 1, outer frame 10, traveling wheels 11, hydraulic leveling outriggers 12, track 13, laser emitter 14, laser receiver 15, slide rail 16; Internal digging mechanism 2, inner frame 20, digging blade 21, material transport system 22, motor 220, solid shaft 23, spiral feeding blade 24, cutting head 25, mounting stud 251, cutting edge 26, protective sleeve 27, feeding cylinder 28, discharge port 29; Vibration motor 30, flat plate 31, mounting plate 32, eccentric block 33, spring 34, pin 35, area of ​​elevator shaft foundation pit 40, center hole 41, transverse groove 42, rough surface of elevator shaft foundation pit 43. Billet, vertical steel plate, 44. horizontal hydraulic cylinder, 45. telescopic rod, 46. extruded steel plate, 47. air bag, 48. hydraulic cylinder limit blind hole, 49. telescopic rod limit blind hole, 50. threaded hole, 51. positioning block, 52. extruded plate, 53. longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, 54. connecting sleeve, 55. soil between the vertical steel plate and another extruded steel plate, 56. soil between the vertical steel plate and another extruded steel plate, 57. inclined surface, 58. cutting edge, 59. longitudinal hydraulic cylinder connecting plate, 60. longitudinal hydraulic cylinder connecting hole, 61. connecting bolt, 62. one extruded steel plate, 63. another extruded steel plate, 64. elevator shaft pit, 65. horizontal hole expansion structure, 66. longitudinal hole expansion structure, 67. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] See Figures 1 to 17 A method for constructing an elevator shaft foundation pit, characterized by the following steps: First, forming a central hole: excavating a central hole 41 at the center of the area 40 of the building elevator shaft foundation pit; Second, widening the central hole to match the size of the elevator shaft foundation pit: first, extending a transverse widening structure 66 into the central hole to form a transverse groove 42 matching the width of the elevator shaft foundation pit, and then extending a longitudinal widening structure 67 into the transverse groove to form an elevator shaft foundation pit blank 43; Third, forming an elevator shaft foundation pit 65: trimming the elevator shaft foundation pit blank, and pouring concrete walls and installing elevator components inside the elevator shaft foundation pit blank.

[0028] Specifically: the transverse expansion structure includes two vertical steel plates 44, a transverse hydraulic cylinder 45 detachably connected to the two vertical steel plates at both ends, and several telescopic rods 46 detachably connected to the two vertical steel plates at both ends. The telescopic rods are used to keep the two vertical steel plates parallel. In use, the two vertical steel plates are inserted into the central hole 41, the telescopic rods are connected to the two vertical steel plates, and the transverse hydraulic cylinders are connected to the two vertical steel plates, causing the transverse hydraulic cylinders to extend and drive the two vertical steel plates to separate, thereby forming a transverse groove 42. The longitudinal expansion structure includes two extruded steel plates 47 and an inflatable bag 48 located between the two extruded steel plates. The shape of the inflatable bag when it is opened is the same as the shape of the elevator shaft pit blank. In use, the two extruded steel plates are inserted into the transverse groove, and the inflatable bag is inflated, causing the two extruded steel plates to separate to a set position, thereby forming the elevator shaft pit blank 43. The vertical steel plate is equipped with a cylinder limiting blind hole 49 and a telescopic rod limiting blind hole 50. The horizontal cylinder passes through the cylinder limiting blind hole, and the telescopic rod is located in the telescopic rod limiting blind hole. This improves the ease of installation, preventing the telescopic rod and horizontal cylinder from falling off under gravity. A threaded hole 51 is provided on the bottom wall of the telescopic rod limiting blind hole. During pit construction, the vertical steel plate is removed by pulling it into the pit through a threaded connection to a screw rod. When the vertical steel plate is located in the center hole, the cylinder limiting blind hole is located in the center of the elevator shaft pit. A positioning block 52 is provided in the middle of the air bag, which passes through the positioning hole when the air bag is inflated. The piston rod of the horizontal cylinder is equipped with a pressing plate 53 for inserting into the cylinder limiting blind hole. The horizontal expansion structure also includes a longitudinal cylinder 54 for driving the vertical steel plate to move longitudinally. One end of the longitudinal cylinder is connected to the transverse cylinder. Specifically, the longitudinal cylinder is provided with a connecting sleeve 55, which is rotatably fitted onto the cylinder body of the transverse cylinder.

[0029] The process of trimming the elevator shaft foundation pit blank is as follows: A horizontal hydraulic cylinder supports the vertical steel plates between two plates to prevent them from falling over. The other end of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is connected to a single extruded steel plate 63. The longitudinal hydraulic cylinder extends, driving the vertical steel plate towards another extruded steel plate 64 to align with it, thereby cutting off the soil 56 between the vertical steel plate and the other extruded steel plate. The vertical steel plate is then moved towards an extruded steel plate until it is positioned at the location of the horizontal groove. After the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder retracts, its other end abuts against another extruded steel plate. The longitudinal hydraulic cylinder extends again, driving the vertical steel plate towards an extruded steel plate to align with it, thereby cutting off the soil 57 between the vertical steel plate and the other extruded steel plate. The end faces of the vertical steel plate in the width direction are inclined surfaces 58 oriented towards the center of the vertical steel plate in the width direction. A vertically extending cutting edge 59 is formed between the end face away from the horizontal hydraulic cylinder and the end face in the width direction of the vertical steel plate. The piston rod of the longitudinal cylinder is equipped with a longitudinal cylinder connecting plate 60, which has a longitudinal cylinder connecting hole 61. A threaded hole for the extruded steel plate is also provided. When switching the connection of the longitudinal cylinder to another extruded steel plate, simply rotate the longitudinal cylinder. To return the vertical steel plate to its position relative to the transverse groove, a connecting bolt 62 passes through the longitudinal cylinder connecting hole and is threaded into the threaded hole of the extruded steel plate, thus fixing the longitudinal cylinder to the same extruded steel plate. Manual pushing of the vertical steel plate towards the extruded steel plate is assisted by the retraction of the longitudinal cylinder.

[0030] See Figures 2 to 6 In the first step, a central hole is formed by a digging mechanism. The digging mechanism includes an outer traveling mechanism 1 and an inner digging mechanism 2. The outer traveling mechanism 1 is equipped with traveling wheels 11 at its bottom for movement within the shaft. The inner digging mechanism 2 is located inside the outer traveling mechanism 1 and is raised and lowered relative to it. The bottom of the inner digging mechanism 2 is equipped with a cutting tool 21 and a leveling device. The cutting tool 21 is used to excavate soil, and the leveling device is used to level the bottom of the pit.

[0031] The traveling wheels 11 can be made of rubber tires or metal rims, and their specific dimensions can be adjusted according to the width of the shaft. The traveling wheels 11 can be equipped with anti-slip treads to enhance grip in slippery shafts. The outer traveling mechanism 1 frame can be welded from steel, possessing sufficient rigidity and strength to withstand the loads during excavation operations. The inner excavation mechanism 2 achieves lifting functionality via hydraulic cylinders or electric actuators, and the lifting stroke can be customized according to different shaft depths. The cutting tool 21 can be made of high-manganese steel, exhibiting high wear resistance. The compaction device can be equipped with a pressure sensor to monitor the compaction effect in real time.

[0032] This equipment moves within the shaft via its traveling wheels 11, solving the problem of low efficiency in manual equipment handling. The relative lifting design of the internal digging mechanism 2 and the external traveling mechanism 1 allows the equipment to adapt to digging needs at different depths. The combined use of the cutting tool 21 and the leveling device achieves integrated digging and leveling operations, improving construction accuracy. Compared to traditional manual digging methods, this equipment significantly improves work efficiency, reduces labor intensity, and minimizes safety hazards through mechanized operation. The equipment has a compact structure, can adapt to narrow shaft spaces, and is easy to operate, effectively solving the problems of low efficiency, poor accuracy, and insufficient safety associated with manual digging.

[0033] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the external traveling mechanism 1 includes a plurality of hydraulically leveling outriggers 12, which extend to support the ground when the equipment is performing excavation operations. The external traveling mechanism 1 includes an outer frame 10, and the inner excavation mechanism 2 is raised and lowered inside the outer frame 10.

[0034] The hydraulic leveling outriggers 12 can employ a single-acting or double-acting hydraulic cylinder structure, powered by a hydraulic pump station. In a preferred embodiment, a pressure sensor can be installed at the end of each outrigger for real-time monitoring of the support force distribution. Furthermore, anti-slip pads or retractable support plates can be installed at the bottom of the outriggers to increase the contact area. In a specific implementation, six hydraulic leveling outriggers 12 are symmetrically distributed at the bottom of the outer frame 10 of the outer traveling mechanism 1. The outer frame 10 includes multiple columns and connecting rods. Three spaced traveling wheels 11 are provided on each side of the bottom of the outer frame 10. The hydraulic leveling outriggers 12 are positioned between the traveling wheels 11. When the traveling wheels 11 engage with the track 13, a concave "U"-shaped locking block facing the opening is provided at the bottom of the hydraulic leveling outrigger 12 to engage with the track 13, ensuring that the hydraulic leveling outriggers 12 can cooperate with the track 13.

[0035] Furthermore, this application proposes that the external traveling mechanism 1 is equipped with a leveling monitoring system, which includes a laser emitter 14 located outside the shaft and a laser receiver 15 located on the external traveling mechanism 1. The laser receiver 15 detects the deviation of the external traveling mechanism 1 from the standard horizontal plane in real time, eliminating human measurement errors and improving the reliability of shaft pit excavation. The laser emitter 14 emits a horizontal laser plane, and the laser receiver 15 detects and feeds the signal back to the equipment control system in real time. The control system adjusts the height of the hydraulic leveling outriggers 12 according to the height deviation signal to achieve automatic leveling of the external traveling mechanism 1.

[0036] This technical solution effectively solves the problem of insufficient equipment stability during traditional manual excavation by utilizing the active leveling function of the hydraulic outriggers. Once the equipment enters the working position, the hydraulic outriggers automatically extend and adjust to the optimal support state, ensuring the equipment remains level and stable during excavation. The rapid response characteristics of the hydraulic system enable dynamic leveling, adapting to uneven conditions on the shaft floor. This avoids decreased excavation accuracy due to equipment tilting and prevents the risk of equipment displacement during operation, significantly improving construction safety and operational efficiency.

[0037] Furthermore, this application proposes that the walking wheel 11 is driven by a motor 220, and the external walking mechanism 1 is equipped with a track 13 adapted to the walking wheel 11. The motor 220 drives the wheel using a DC or AC servo motor 220 as the power source, and connects to the shaft of the walking wheel 11 through a reduction mechanism. The track 13 can be made of I-beams or channel steel profiles and fixed to the ground with expansion bolts. As a preferred embodiment, the surface of the track 13 can be provided with anti-slip textures or a rubber pad to enhance friction. Furthermore, the track 13 system can be configured with a position sensor for real-time detection of the equipment's walking position.

[0038] This technical solution achieves precise positioning and stable movement of the equipment relative to the shaft construction position through the coordinated use of the motor 220 driving wheel and the track 13. The motor 220 drive method offers higher control precision and response speed compared to manual pushing, while the track 13 guides the equipment, effectively preventing path deviation caused by manual operation. Furthermore, the track 13 not only defines the movement path but also provides additional support, reducing the risk of sinking when the equipment moves on soft soil. The track 13 also supports the equipment, allowing it to operate in an elevated position. Therefore, this solution significantly improves the positioning accuracy and construction efficiency of excavation operations, while reducing safety hazards such as equipment tilting due to unstable movement.

[0039] Furthermore, this application proposes that the excavator 21 is a rotary helical milling head. The helical milling head includes a solid shaft 23 driven to rotate by a motor 220. Helical feeding blades 24 are provided around the periphery of the solid shaft 23. A cutting head 25 with cutting edges 26 is provided at the lower end of the solid shaft 23. A guide groove for guiding the excavated soil is formed between the cutting edges 26 on the cutting head 25. After converging in the guide groove, the soil enters the position of the helical feeding blades 24 from the lower end of the helical feeding blades 24. The cutting head 25 is approximately conical in shape. Several carbide cutting heads are provided at the lower end of the helical feeding blades 24. The carbide cutting heads are square or spherical metal particles. The inner excavation mechanism 2 includes an inner frame 20, which is slidably disposed within the outer frame 10. The two are guided by a slide rail 16. The inner frame 20 is powered by a hydraulic cylinder to achieve lifting and lowering relative to the outer frame 10. The motor 220 and reducer cooperating with the helical milling head are fixedly installed on the inner frame 20. The excavator 21 extends out from the lower side of the inner frame 20. The inner frame 20 is also fixedly connected to a feeding cylinder 28 that is sleeved on the outside of the spiral feeding blade 24. The upper end of the feeding cylinder 28 is provided with a discharge port 29 that extends to the top of a belt conveyor.

[0040] The rotary auger milling head cuts earth by rotating the cutting head 25, and the auger feeding blades 24 are helical ribbon blades. Its helical structure can simultaneously achieve excavation and soil removal functions, and has the characteristics of high efficiency in continuous operation. Specifically, the rotary auger milling head can be equipped with helical blades of different diameters and pitches to adapt to different soil conditions. As a preferred embodiment, the rotary auger milling head can be integrated with a high-pressure water jet auxiliary device to deal with hard rock formations.

[0041] Furthermore, this application proposes that the leveling device is a flat plate 31 for vibratory compaction, integrating a vibratory motor 30, and the flat plate 31 is detachably connected to the lower end of the excavator cutter 21. The flat plate 31 generates high-frequency vibration through the vibratory motor 30 to compact and level the excavated loose soil. Specifically, the flat plate 31 can be made of steel plate, and a mounting plate 32 is provided on the top of the flat plate 31. The vibratory motor 30 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the mounting plate 32 and generates vibration through the rotation of the eccentric block 33. The platen 31 is slidably connected to the underside of the mounting plate 32 via a spring 34 and a pin 35. A vibration motor 30 with an eccentric block 33 is mounted on the mounting plate 32. The mounting plate 32 has mounting screw holes. The underside of the cutting head 25 is provided with a mating mounting stud 251. The mounting stud 251 is provided with a protective sleeve 27, which is made of metal. When the platen 31 is needed, the protective sleeve 27 is removed from the mounting stud 251, the mounting screw hole and the mounting stud 251 are aligned, and the solid shaft 23 is driven by the motor 220 to rotate, so that the mounting stud 251 and the mounting screw hole are threadedly engaged and locked, thus completing the fixation of the mounting plate 32 relative to the cutting tool 21, that is, the connection of the platen 31 to the underside of the cutting tool 21.

[0042] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the internal excavation mechanism 2 is connected to an aggregate transport system 22 for transporting the excavated soil from the cutter 21 to the outside of the shaft.

[0043] The aggregate transportation system 22 can be implemented using either a screw conveyor or a belt conveyor. A screw conveyor propels the excavated soil along the conveying pipeline through the rotation of its helical blades; a belt conveyor carries and transports the excavated soil via a continuously operating conveyor belt. Both methods enable efficient transfer of excavated soil from the excavation site to outside the shaft.

[0044] By integrating a material transport system 22 onto the internal excavation mechanism 2, the problem of low efficiency in manual earthmoving is solved. The earth excavated by the cutter 21 can be automatically transported outside the shaft by the material transport system 22, eliminating the need for manual handling. The screw conveyor is suitable for cohesive soils, while the belt conveyor is better suited for transporting loose materials. This not only improves earthmoving efficiency but also reduces labor intensity and avoids potential safety accidents during manual handling. Compared to existing technologies, this solution achieves automated integration of excavation and transport processes, significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0045] For example, the material transport system 22 in this application is a belt conveyor. The belt conveyor achieves material transport through the friction between the annular belt and the drive roller, and features long conveying distance and large conveying capacity. By using mechanized conveying equipment to replace traditional manual handling methods, the problem of low efficiency in earthwork removal during elevator shaft pit construction is solved. The belt conveyor can achieve continuous automated conveying.

[0046] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the elevator shaft pit construction equipment also includes a control system, which is used to control the movement of the traveling wheels 11, the lifting and lowering of the internal excavation mechanism 2, and the start and stop of the cutting tool 21 and the flattening device.

[0047] The control system can employ an industrial-grade wireless remote controller operating at 2.4GHz, which is interference-resistant. The remote controller is equipped with multiple joysticks and buttons, each corresponding to a different equipment function. Alternatively, the control system can use a wired control console connected to the equipment via cable. The console features a touchscreen and mechanical buttons. Control signals are transmitted via a CAN bus to ensure signal stability. The wireless remote controller has a maximum control distance of 100 meters, meeting the safety distance requirements for well construction. The control system also includes an emergency stop button to immediately cut off the equipment's power supply in emergencies.

[0048] Operators can control all critical functions of the equipment from a safe position on the ground, including movement, excavation, and leveling operations. This eliminates the safety hazards associated with manual entry into the wellbore pit. Compared to existing technologies, this solution significantly improves operational convenience and construction safety while ensuring construction accuracy. The control system employs a modular design, facilitating maintenance and functional expansion.

[0049] Furthermore, this application proposes that an expandable or retractable safety fence be installed on the external walking mechanism 1. This safety fence can adopt a folding fence structure or a retractable mesh structure, and its expansion and contraction functions are achieved through hinges or slide rails 16. The folding fence can be operated manually or electrically, while the retractable mesh structure is typically equipped with an automatic retraction device. As a preferred embodiment, the fence material is made of lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy or fiberglass, and a cushioning layer is provided at the edges.

[0050] Specifically, the safety fence achieves its function in the following ways: when the equipment is in a moving or non-operating state, the fence can retract to its minimum size to reduce space occupation; when the equipment begins excavation operations, the fence automatically unfolds to form a closed protective area to prevent personnel or debris from accidentally falling into the central hole.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an elevator shaft foundation pit, characterized in that, Step 1: Forming the central hole: Excavate a central hole at the center of the elevator shaft pit area. Step 2: Widening the central hole to match the size of the elevator shaft pit: First, insert a horizontal widening structure into the central hole to create a horizontal groove matching the width of the elevator shaft pit. Then, insert a vertical widening structure into the horizontal groove to create a rough elevator shaft pit shape. Step 3: Forming the elevator shaft pit: Trim the rough elevator shaft pit shape, then pour concrete walls and install the necessary elevator components within it. This technical solution, by forming a central hole and then expanding it through compression, forms the pit quickly and with high precision.

2. The elevator shaft foundation pit construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transverse expansion structure includes two vertical steel plates, a transverse hydraulic cylinder detachably connected to the two vertical steel plates at both ends, and several telescopic rods detachably connected to the two vertical steel plates at both ends. The telescopic rods keep the two vertical steel plates parallel. In use, the two vertical steel plates are inserted into the central hole, the telescopic rods are connected to the two vertical steel plates, and the transverse hydraulic cylinders are connected to the two vertical steel plates. The transverse hydraulic cylinders extend, driving the two vertical steel plates apart to form the transverse groove. The longitudinal expansion structure includes two extruded steel plates and an inflatable bag located between the two extruded steel plates. The shape of the inflatable bag when expanded is the same as the shape of the elevator shaft pit blank. In use, the two extruded steel plates are inserted into the transverse groove, and the inflatable bag is inflated, causing the two extruded steel plates to separate to a set position, thus forming the elevator shaft pit blank. The telescopic rods prevent twisting when the vertical steel plates are pushed, improving the accuracy of forming the transverse groove. Compared to hydraulic cylinder compression, compression via a compression bag allows for installation even with narrower transverse grooves. It also enables pressure application over a larger area.

3. The elevator shaft foundation pit construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical steel plate is provided with cylinder limiting blind holes and telescopic rod limiting blind holes. The horizontal cylinder passes through the cylinder limiting blind holes, and the telescopic rod passes through the telescopic rod limiting blind holes. This improves the ease of installation, and the telescopic rod and horizontal cylinder will not fall off under the influence of gravity.

4. The elevator shaft foundation pit construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the vertical steel plate is located within the central hole, the hydraulic cylinder limiting blind hole is located in the center of the elevator shaft pit. A positioning block is provided in the middle of the inflatable bag, and this positioning block passes through the positioning hole when the inflatable bag is inflated. This avoids the phenomenon where one end advances faster than the other when the soil hardness differs at both ends of the pit, leading to inaccurate positioning of the base block. This technical solution uses a positioning block for positioning, ensuring that the base block position will not shift due to different advancement speeds at both ends.

5. A method for constructing an elevator shaft foundation pit according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The piston rod of the transverse hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a pressing plate for inserting into the cylinder's limiting blind hole. This increases the contact area between the hydraulic cylinder and the vertical steel plate, preventing both skewing and damage to the vertical steel plate during retraction.

6. A method for constructing an elevator shaft foundation pit according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The bottom wall of the limit blind hole of the telescopic rod is provided with a threaded hole. During the excavation of the foundation pit, the vertical steel plate is removed by pulling the threaded rod into the pit. This improves the ease of removing the vertical steel plate.

7. A method for constructing an elevator shaft foundation pit according to claim 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that, The transverse excavation structure also includes a longitudinal hydraulic cylinder that drives the vertical steel plate to move longitudinally. One end of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is connected to the transverse hydraulic cylinder. In use, the transverse hydraulic cylinder is supported between two vertical steel plates to prevent them from falling over. The other end of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is connected to a pressing steel plate. The longitudinal hydraulic cylinder extends, driving the vertical steel plate towards another pressing steel plate to align with it, thereby cutting the soil between the vertical steel plate and the pressing steel plate. After the vertical steel plate moves towards a pressing steel plate and is positioned at the location of the transverse groove, the other end of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder retracts and abuts against another pressing steel plate. The longitudinal hydraulic cylinder then extends, driving the vertical steel plate towards a pressing steel plate to align with it, thereby cutting the soil between the vertical steel plate and the pressing steel plate. This improves the convenience and accuracy of foundation pit formation.

8. A method for constructing an elevator shaft foundation pit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The end faces at both ends of the vertical steel plate in the width direction are inclined surfaces sloping towards the center of the vertical steel plate in the width direction. A vertically extending cutting edge is formed between the end face of the vertical steel plate away from the horizontal cylinder and the end face in the width direction of the vertical steel plate. This makes it easier to cut the soil when the vertical steel plate moves longitudinally.

9. A method for constructing an elevator shaft foundation pit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The longitudinal cylinder is equipped with a connecting sleeve, which is rotatably fitted onto the cylinder body of the transverse cylinder. The piston rod of the longitudinal cylinder has a longitudinal cylinder connecting plate with a connecting hole. One of the extruded steel plates has a threaded hole. Switching the longitudinal cylinder to another extruded steel plate requires only rotating the longitudinal cylinder. To reset the vertical steel plate to the position of the transverse groove, the operator pushes the vertical steel plate towards the extruded steel plate while simultaneously assisting with the retraction of the longitudinal cylinder. The reset of the vertical steel plate is convenient and reliable.

10. A method for constructing an elevator shaft foundation pit according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first step, a central hole is formed by a digging mechanism. This digging mechanism includes: an outer traveling mechanism with wheels at its bottom for movement; and an inner digging mechanism with a digging blade for excavating soil and a leveling device for leveling the pit bottom. The traveling wheels are motor-driven, and the outer traveling mechanism is equipped with tracks adapted to the wheels. The outer traveling mechanism includes multiple hydraulically leveling outriggers that extend to support the ground during digging operations. The digging blade is a rotary auger, comprising a solid shaft driven by a motor, spiral feeding blades on its circumference, a cutting head with a cutting edge at its lower end, and several carbide cutter heads at the lower end of the spiral feeding blades. The leveling device is a flat plate integrated with a vibration motor for vibration compaction, detachably connected to the lower end of the digging blade. The inner digging mechanism is also connected to a material transport system for transporting the excavated soil to the outside of the shaft. This provides a specific technical solution for forming a central hole. The central hole is formed mechanically, which is fast and labor-saving.

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