Steel structure stair with changeable step board angle

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of stair structure, and discloses a steel structure stair with changeable step plate angle, which is composed of two parallel installation beams, a plurality of step plates, connecting rods, a driving mechanism and a locking mechanism.The step plates are hinged between the two installation beams, and the two ends are hinged with the connecting rods through second hinge shafts, and the adjacent step plates, connecting rods and installation beams form parallelogram units.The driving mechanism drives the end step plate to overturn, and all the step plates are synchronously overturned at the same angle by means of the connecting rods, and the locking mechanism fixes the driving mechanism to realize stable switching of the step plate slope and the ladder structure.The structure solves the problems of fixed angle of the existing inclined ladder, complicated operation of adjustable design, inconvenience of installation and maintenance and the like, simplifies the structure, reduces the failure rate, is flexible and convenient to adjust, can adapt to the carrying demand of maintenance tools and equipment, reduces the labor intensity, improves the efficiency, simultaneously ensures the use safety, and meets the actual use demand of industrial plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of staircase structure technology, and in particular to a steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angles. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial plants, steel structure staircases are commonly used for vertical access. Their treads are often connected by welding, resulting in a fixed tread angle. In actual production scenarios, when tools and equipment need to be moved up and down without external lifting equipment, the fixed tread angle makes the process extremely difficult and inconvenient for workers. To address this issue, some steel structure staircase designs with adjustable tread angles have emerged. Some of these designs use pin holes with fixed angles to adjust the tread angle. However, this design has significant limitations. It cannot achieve arbitrary adjustment of the tread angle, and the adjustment process is time-consuming and laborious. It requires removing the bolts from the component, adjusting the tread to the preset fixed angle, and then re-bolting the component. In addition, some existing designs use gears on each step plate and a rack and pinion to adjust the angle of the step plate. This design also has its shortcomings. Each step plate needs to be equipped with a gear, which not only increases the difficulty of installation and maintenance, but also makes it prone to failure. At the same time, this design requires the operator to manually flip one of the step plates to drive the gear transmission, which is not convenient and cannot meet the actual use needs.

[0003] It is evident that existing technologies still need improvement and enhancement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle, which aims to solve the technical problems of inconvenient angle adjustment operation and inability to achieve arbitrary angle adjustment in the prior art steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle, comprising two mounting beams, several treads, two connecting rods, a drive mechanism, and a locking mechanism; Two mounting beams are set in parallel, and several step plates are equidistantly arranged between the two mounting beams along the length direction of the mounting beams. Each step plate is provided with a first hinge shaft at both ends along its own length direction, and the hinge is achieved with the mounting beam through the first hinge shaft. Each step plate is also provided with a second hinge axis at both ends along its own length direction. The second hinge axis realizes the hinge connection with the connecting rod. Two adjacent step plates, the connecting rod and the mounting beam located at the same end are hinged to form a parallelogram of the smallest unit. The drive mechanism is installed at the end of the mounting beam and is connected to a step plate located at that end of the mounting beam, for driving the step plate to rotate and adjust the angle around the axis of the first hinge shaft; The locking mechanism is located at the end of the mounting beam where the drive mechanism is located, and is used to lock and fix the drive mechanism, thereby restricting the drive mechanism from driving the step plate. The drive mechanism drives the connected step plate to flip, and the step plate drives other step plates to flip synchronously in the same direction and at the same angle through the connecting rod, thereby realizing the switching between the sloping structure and the stepped structure of the step plate.

[0006] The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle includes a drive mechanism comprising a mounting base, a worm gear, a worm wheel, a rack, and rollers. The mounting base is fixedly connected to the end of the mounting beam. The lower end of the worm gear is rotatably connected to the mounting base, and the upper end of the worm gear is rotatably connected to a locking mechanism. The worm wheel is rotatably mounted on the mounting base and engages with the threads of the worm gear. The rack engages with the worm wheel, and the rollers are rotatably connected to the upper end of the rack and roll in contact with the bottom surface of the tread.

[0007] The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle has a first limiting groove on the bottom surface of the tread, which extends along the width of the tread, and a roller is accommodated in the first limiting groove.

[0008] The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle has a limiting plate extending from the side of the mounting base near the rack. The limiting plate has a limiting hole that corresponds to the rack and is used to accommodate the rack in a movable manner to achieve radial limiting of the rack.

[0009] The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angles, wherein the first hinge shaft is located near the end of the tread in the width direction and is located near the end of the top surface of the tread in the thickness direction; the second hinge shaft is located in the middle of the tread in the width direction and is located near the end of the bottom surface of the tread in the thickness direction, and the first hinge shaft and the second hinge shaft are offset.

[0010] The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angles, wherein the projections of the first hinge axis and the second hinge axis in the width direction of the tread are such that the distance between their axes is greater than or equal to half the sum of the width of the connecting rod along the thickness direction of the tread and the width of the mounting beam along the thickness direction of the tread, to ensure that the parallelogram structure can be smoothly rotated.

[0011] The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angles, wherein the installation distance between two adjacent treads along the length of the installation beam is greater than or equal to the width of the tread itself.

[0012] The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle includes a locking mechanism comprising a locking wrench, one end of which is fixedly connected to the end of the mounting beam, and the other end of which is provided with a second limiting groove; the upper end of the worm gear passes through the bottom wall of the second limiting groove, and a gear is fixedly sleeved on its outer periphery, the gear being rotatably accommodated within the second limiting groove.

[0013] The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle includes a locking mechanism comprising two pawls, two return springs, and a reversing member. The two pawls are symmetrically arranged in the second limiting groove. One end of each pawl is movably connected to the inner wall of the second limiting groove via a return spring. The reversing member is rotatably connected to the bottom wall of the second limiting groove and is located between the two pawls. The reversing member abuts against one of the pawls to move it away from the gear, while the other pawl abuts against the gear under the force of the return spring to which it is connected. A lever is fixedly connected to the reversing member, and the lever protrudes out of the second limiting groove.

[0014] The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angles has a coaxial handle fixedly connected to the upper end of the worm gear. The handle is for human hand gripping and is used to turn the worm gear to drive the turbine to rotate.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This invention provides a steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angles. It primarily utilizes two parallel mounting beams to equidistantly hinge several treads along the length of the beams. Each tread is also hinged to a connecting rod at both ends via a second hinge axis, forming a parallelogram of minimum units between adjacent treads, the connecting rod at the same end, and the mounting beam. A drive mechanism installed at the end of the mounting beams drives one tread to rotate around a first hinge axis. The connecting rod then drives all treads to rotate synchronously in the same direction and angle. Simultaneously, a locking mechanism secures the drive mechanism, enabling the switching between a ramp structure and a stepped structure. This steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle effectively solves the problems of fixed tread angles in existing industrial plant steel structure inclined staircases, which lead to laborious handling of maintenance tools and equipment; the inability to arbitrarily adjust the angle in existing adjustable angle designs; time-consuming and laborious adjustments; inconvenient installation and maintenance; and cumbersome operation. It eliminates the need for individual drive components for each tread, simplifying the overall structure, reducing installation and maintenance difficulty, and decreasing the failure rate. The drive mechanism allows for easy synchronous angle adjustment of all treads without removing bolts or other components, making operation convenient and efficient. The flexible angle adjustment allows switching between ramp and step states according to actual handling needs, significantly reducing the labor intensity of workers handling maintenance tools and equipment and improving handling efficiency. Simultaneously, the locking mechanism ensures the stable fixation of the treads in the adjusted angle position, guaranteeing safety and fully meeting the actual needs of industrial plants. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the steel structure staircase provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A partial structural schematic diagram of the driving mechanism provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the installation structure of the locking mechanism provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the locking mechanism provided by the present invention.

[0017] Figure label: 1—Mounting beam, 2—Step plate, 3—Connecting rod; 4—Drive mechanism, 5—Locking mechanism, 21—First hinge shaft; 22—Second hinge shaft, 23—First limiting groove, 41—Mounting base; 42—worm gear, 43—turbine gear, 44—rack; 45—Roller, 46—Limit plate, 51—Locking wrench; 52—Pawl, 53—Reset spring, 54—Reversing component; 421—Gear, 422—Handle, 461—Limiting hole; 511—Second limiting groove, 541—Lever. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This invention provides a steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angles. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or a specific orientational structure and operation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0020] Please see Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this invention provides a steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angles, suitable for vertical passage in industrial plants and for moving tools and equipment during maintenance. Its specific structure includes two mounting beams 1, several treads 2, two connecting rods 3, a drive mechanism 4, and a locking mechanism 5. The installation and connection methods and working principles of each component are as follows: Two mounting beams 1, made of steel, are parallel and spaced apart, serving as the supporting base for the entire staircase. They can be fixed to the walls or supports of the industrial plant using expansion bolts or welding, ensuring stable installation and meeting the load-bearing requirements for personnel passage and equipment handling. Several step plates 2, also made of steel, are equidistantly arranged between the two mounting beams 1 along their length. Each step plate 2 has a first hinge shaft 21 welded to both ends along its length. The end of the first hinge shaft 21 away from the step plate 2 is embedded in the corresponding hinge hole in the mounting beam 1, achieving hinge connection between the step plate 2 and the mounting beam 1, allowing the step plate 2 to rotate freely around the axis of the first hinge shaft 21.

[0021] At both ends of each step plate 2 along its length, a second hinge shaft 22 is welded and fixed at a position offset from the first hinge shaft 21. The second hinge shaft 22 is offset from the first hinge shaft 21. Two connecting rods 3 are respectively installed at both ends of the step plate 2. Each connecting rod 3 has a hinge hole corresponding to the position of each step plate 2. The second hinge shaft 22 is embedded into the hinge hole of the corresponding connecting rod 3 to achieve the hinge connection between the step plate 2 and the connecting rod 3. At this time, two adjacent step plates 2, the connecting rod 3 located at the same end, and the mounting beam 1 are hinged to each other through their respective hinge shafts to form a parallelogram of the smallest unit. This parallelogram structure can flexibly extend, retract, and flip, providing a structural basis for the synchronous flipping of all step plates 2.

[0022] The drive mechanism 4 is installed at the end of one of the mounting beams 1 and is driven to a step plate 2 at that end. It is used to drive the step plate 2 to rotate around the axis of the first hinge shaft 21, thereby driving all the step plates 2 to adjust their angles synchronously. The locking mechanism 5 is correspondingly installed at the end of the mounting beam 1 where the drive mechanism 4 is located. It is used to lock and fix the drive mechanism 4 after all the step plates 2 are adjusted to the required angle, thereby restricting the movement of the drive mechanism 4 and fixing the angle of the step plate 2 to prevent accidental rotation during use.

[0023] The working process of this embodiment is as follows: When it is necessary to move and repair tools and equipment, and when the step plate 2 needs to be switched to a ramp structure, firstly, the locking mechanism 5 is operated to release the locking of the drive mechanism 4, and then the drive mechanism 4 is started. The drive mechanism 4 drives the end step plate 2 connected to it to rotate around the axis of the first hinge shaft 21. The end step plate 2 transmits the force through the connecting rods 3 at both ends. Since the adjacent step plates 2, connecting rods 3 and mounting beam 1 form a parallelogram structure, under the drive of the connecting rods 3, all step plates 2 will rotate synchronously in the same direction and at the same angle. When the step plate 2 is rotated to the required ramp angle, the locking mechanism 5 is operated to lock and fix the drive mechanism 4, restricting the driving action of the drive mechanism 4. At this time, the step plate 2 maintains the stability of the ramp structure, which facilitates the passage of workers moving tools and equipment up and down.

[0024] When no equipment needs to be moved and only personnel need to pass through normally, the locking mechanism 5 is released from the drive mechanism 4. The drive mechanism 4 drives the end step plate 2 to flip in the opposite direction. Similarly, the connecting rod 3 drives all the step plates 2 to flip in the opposite direction synchronously until the step plate 2 switches to a horizontal stepped structure. Then, the locking mechanism 5 locks the drive mechanism 4 to fix the angle of the step plate 2, so as to meet the normal passage of personnel.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 3As shown, the drive mechanism 4 includes a mounting base 41, a worm gear 42, a turbine gear 43, a rack 44, and a roller 45. The mounting base 41 is made of steel structural plate and is fixedly connected to the end of the mounting beam 1 by welding. The mounting base 41 has a mounting groove corresponding to the mounting position of the worm gear 42, and a rotating shaft is erected corresponding to the mounting position of the turbine gear 43, providing a stable mounting reference for each component. The worm gear 42 is vertically arranged, and its lower end is rotatably connected to the mounting groove of the mounting base 41 through a bearing. The upper end of the worm gear 42 is rotatably connected to the locking mechanism 5 to ensure that the worm gear 42 can rotate stably around its own axis without deviation. The turbine gear 43 is rotatably mounted on the mounting base 41 through a rotating shaft. The tooth surface of the turbine gear 43 meshes with the thread of the worm gear 42, so that the rotation of the worm gear 42 drives the turbine gear 43 to rotate synchronously. The meshing of the two can achieve deceleration rotation, improve drive stability, and prevent the step plate 2 from flipping too fast. The rack 44 is vertically mounted on one side of the mounting base 41. The tooth surface of the rack 44 meshes with the tooth surface of the turbine 43. When the turbine 43 rotates, it can drive the rack 44 to move up and down in the vertical direction. The roller 45 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the rack 44 through a rotating shaft. The outer circumferential surface of the roller 45 is in close rolling contact with the bottom surface of the end pedal, ensuring that when the rack 44 moves up and down, the roller 45 can apply force to the step plate 2, driving the step plate 2 to rotate around the first hinge shaft 21.

[0026] Please see Figure 2 As shown, to prevent the roller 45 from shifting during the rotation of the step plate 2 and to ensure stable transmission of driving force, a first limiting groove 23 is formed on the bottom surface of the step plate 2 at the end that contacts the roller 45 by welding steel structure plates. The first limiting groove 23 extends along the width direction of the step plate 2, and the groove opening faces the same direction as the axis of the roller 45. The roller 45 is rotatably accommodated in the first limiting groove 23. The groove wall of the first limiting groove 23 can limit the axial and vertical radial directions of the roller 45, effectively restricting the offset of the roller 45. This ensures that when the rack 44 moves up and down, it can stably transmit upward pushing force and downward pulling force to the step plate 2 through the roller 45, driving the step plate 2 to rotate smoothly.

[0027] Please see Figure 3 As shown, to prevent the rack 44 from radially shifting during its up-and-down movement and to ensure its meshing stability with the turbine 43, a limiting plate 46 is integrally extended from the side of the mounting base 41 near the rack 44. The limiting plate 46 is horizontally positioned and flush with the support plate of the mounting base 41. A limiting hole 461 is provided through the limiting plate 46. The limiting hole 461 corresponds to the size and position of the rack 44. The rack 44 is movably inserted into the limiting hole 461 to achieve radial limiting of the rack 44, restricting the rack 44 from shifting along a direction perpendicular to its length, ensuring that the rack 44 always meshes precisely with the turbine 43, and avoiding transmission jamming or failure due to rack 44 shifting.

[0028] Please see Figure 2 As shown, the first hinge shaft 21 is located near the end of the step plate 2 in the width direction, and in the thickness direction of the step plate 2, it is located near the end of the top surface of the step plate 2. This arrangement can ensure the connection stability of the step plate 2 after it is hinged to the mounting beam 1, and ensure that the top surface of the step plate 2 remains flat when it is in a horizontal step state, which meets the safety requirements for normal passage of personnel. It can also provide a reasonable lever arm for the flipping of the step plate 2, reduce the driving force of the drive mechanism 4, reduce the energy loss during the driving process, and at the same time avoid interference between the first hinge shaft 21 and other components on the step plate 2, ensuring smooth flipping action.

[0029] Corresponding to the first hinge shaft 21, the second hinge shaft 22 is located at the middle of the width direction of the step plate 2, and at its end near the bottom surface of the step plate 2 in the thickness direction. The length of the second hinge shaft 22 is less than the length of the first hinge shaft 21. This length setting effectively prevents interference between the second hinge shaft 22 and the mounting beam 1 when the step plate 2 is flipped to the ramp structure, further ensuring the smoothness of the flipping action. This arrangement creates a staggered structure between the first hinge shaft 21 and the second hinge shaft 22 in space, which is a core prerequisite for realizing the parallelogram linkage structure. Its technical effect is reflected in the fact that the staggered arrangement combined with the length design of the second hinge shaft 22 enables the hinge point between the second hinge shaft 22 and the connecting rod 3, and the hinge point between the first hinge shaft 21 and the mounting beam 1 to form a reasonable force transmission path. When the end step plate 2 is flipped by the force of the drive mechanism 4, it can transmit a stable traction force or thrust to the connecting rod 3 through the second hinge shaft 22, thereby driving all step plates 2 to flip synchronously. This avoids problems such as poor force transmission, asynchronous flipping of step plates 2, and component interference caused by the overlapping position of the hinge shaft, improper length, or offset.

[0030] Please see Figure 2As shown, further, the distance between the projections of the first hinge shaft 21 and the second hinge shaft 22 in the width direction of the step plate 2 is greater than or equal to half the sum of the width of the connecting rod 3 along the thickness direction of the step plate 2 and the width of the mounting beam 1 along the thickness direction of the step plate 2. This dimensional limitation effectively avoids mutual interference between the hinge components during the flipping process, ensuring that the parallelogram structure can flexibly extend and retract and flip smoothly. Specifically, if the projection distance is too small, the connecting rod 3 and the mounting beam 1 will collide or get stuck during the flipping process of the step plate 2, causing the step plate 2 to fail to flip normally, or the top surfaces of all the step plates 2 will not remain on the same plane when flipped to a slope state. However, by limiting the size, sufficient space can be reserved for the connecting rod 3 and the mounting beam 1 when they are close together, ensuring that the movement trajectories of each component do not overlap or interfere during the flipping process of the parallelogram structure, thereby ensuring that all the step plates 2 can complete the angle adjustment synchronously and smoothly, and that their top surfaces remain on the same plane in the slope structure, improving the overall operational stability and reliability of the structure.

[0031] Please see Figure 2 As shown, the installation distance between two adjacent step plates 2 along the length of the mounting beam 1 is greater than or equal to the width of the step plate 2 itself. Specifically, if this installation distance is insufficient, when the step plate 2 is flipped to the ramp state, the edges of adjacent step plates 2 will collide and get stuck. This will not only hinder the smooth completion of the flipping action, but also prevent the top surfaces of each step plate 2 from remaining on the same plane, thus affecting the flatness of the ramp structure, hindering the handling of maintenance tools and equipment, and reducing safety and comfort during use. At the same time, this distance setting also provides sufficient space for the maximum angle of flipping of the step plate 2, ensuring that the step plate 2 can be smoothly switched to the preset ramp angle to meet the equipment handling requirements; in the step state, it also allows a reasonable step height to be formed between adjacent step plates 2, further ensuring the safety and comfort of personnel passage.

[0032] Please see Figures 3 to 4 As shown, the locking mechanism 5 includes a locking wrench 51. One end of the locking wrench 51 is fixedly connected to the end of the mounting beam 1 by welding, and the connection position corresponds to the worm gear 42 of the drive mechanism 4, ensuring that the locking wrench 51 is installed firmly and is easy for operators to operate. The other end of the locking wrench 51 is integrally formed with a second limiting groove 511. The second limiting groove 511 is a U-shaped groove structure, with the groove opening facing away from the mounting beam 1. The groove cavity size is adapted to the overall size of the gear 421, pawl 52, return spring 53 and reversing member 54, providing a stable housing space for the gear 421, and reserving sufficient operating space for subsequent locking actions, so as to facilitate the flexible rotation of the gear 421 in the groove and subsequent locking and limiting.

[0033] To prevent foreign objects from entering the second limiting groove 511 and affecting the normal cooperation and operation of the components of the locking mechanism 5, and to further improve the installation and limiting stability of each component and prevent axial displacement of the components, a sealing plate is fixedly installed at the groove opening of the second limiting groove 511 to cover the groove opening. The sealing plate is made of steel structure plate that is compatible with the second limiting groove 511 and is fixedly connected to the edge of the groove opening of the second limiting groove 511 by bolts to achieve complete coverage of the groove opening.

[0034] The upper end of the worm 42 is provided through the bottom wall of the second limiting groove 511. Specifically, the bottom wall of the second limiting groove 511 has a through hole corresponding to the position of the worm 42. The inner diameter of the through hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the worm 42. This ensures that the worm 42 can pass through smoothly and avoids excessive friction between the worm 42 and the inner wall of the through hole. This ensures that the worm 42 can rotate flexibly around its own axis, while limiting the radial displacement of the worm 42 and ensuring the meshing stability of the worm 42 and the turbine 43. A gear 421 is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the portion of the worm 42 that is housed within the second limiting groove 511. The connection between the gear 421 and the worm 42 is fixed by welding to ensure that the gear 421 and the worm 42 rotate synchronously. The gear 421 is rotatably housed within the second limiting groove 511. A reasonable gap is reserved between the outer peripheral surface of the gear 421 and the groove wall of the second limiting groove 511. This gap does not affect the synchronous rotation of the gear 421 with the worm 42, but also provides a certain limiting effect on the gear 421 through the groove wall of the second limiting groove 511, preventing the gear 421 from axially shifting and ensuring that the gear 421 is always in the preset locking position.

[0035] Please see Figures 3 to 4 As shown, the locking mechanism 5 also includes two pawls 52, two return springs 53, and a reversing member 54. The two pawls 52 are symmetrically arranged in the second limiting groove 511 and are located on both sides of the gear 421. The end of each pawl 52 near the gear 421 is movably connected to the inner wall of the second limiting groove 511 through the return spring 53. The return spring 53 is located on the side of the pawl 52 away from the gear 421. The return spring 53 is a compression spring, which is in a slightly compressed state in its natural state. It can always apply an elastic thrust to the pawl 52 in the direction of the gear 421. Under this elastic thrust, the end of the pawl 52 connected to the return spring 53 will engage with the tooth gap of the gear 421, thereby realizing the one-way locking of the gear 421. This ensures that the pawl 52 can stably restrict the gear 421 from rotating in one direction when there is no other external force, thereby realizing the one-way locking and positioning of the drive mechanism 4.

[0036] The reversing component 54 adopts an irregular cam structure, which is rotatably connected to the bottom wall of the second limiting groove 511 through a rotating shaft, and is located between the ends of the two pawls 52 away from the gear 421. Its outer peripheral side corresponds to the end side of the two pawls 52 away from the return spring 53. The reversing component 54 can rotate by itself, and its cam part abuts against the end of one of the pawls 52 away from the gear 421, thereby pushing the pawl 52 to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 53, so that it moves away from the gear 421 and engages the locking action of the pawl 52. At the same time, the other pawl 52, under the action of the return spring 53 it is connected to, keeps its end abutting against the gear 421, realizing unilateral locking, ensuring that the locking mechanism 5 is always in an effective locking state, and preventing the gear 421 from rotating accidentally.

[0037] To facilitate operation of the reversing component 54 and switching of the locking direction, a lever 541 is fixedly connected to the reversing component 54. The lever 541 has an "L"-shaped structure, with one end protruding vertically out of the second limiting groove 511. A through hole is provided on the sealing plate corresponding to the position of the lever 541, through which the lever 541 protrudes out of the second limiting groove 511, ensuring that the lever 541 operates normally without affecting the sealing effect of the sealing plate. The other end of the lever 541 is bent perpendicular to the axis of the reversing component 54 to serve as a handle for the operator to grip and move, allowing for quick and effortless movement of the lever 541, driving the reversing component 54 to rotate around the pivot, thus switching the locking and unlocking of the pawl 52.

[0038] The working principle and technical effect of the locking mechanism 5 in this embodiment are as follows: When the drive mechanism 4 drives the step plate 2 to rotate to the required angle, the locking mechanism 5 automatically enters the locking state. At this time, one of the two pawls 52 abuts against the gear 421 under the action of the return spring 53 to achieve locking, while the other is abutted by the reversing member 54 and moves away from the gear 421, thus entering the unlocked state. This ensures that the gear 421 cannot rotate freely, thereby restricting the rotation of the worm gear 42 and achieving locking and fixing of the drive mechanism 4, thus preventing the step plate 2 from accidentally rotating.

[0039] When it is necessary to adjust the angle of the step plate 2 or release the lock, the operator moves the lever 541, causing the reversing component 54 to rotate around the shaft. The reversing component 54 releases its contact with the original unlocking pawl 52. Under the action of the return spring 53, the pawl 52 abuts against the gear 421. At the same time, the reversing component 54 abuts against the original locking pawl 52, causing it to overcome the force of the return spring 53 and move away from the gear 421. At this time, the gear 421 can rotate freely with the worm gear 42, realizing the lock release. The operator can then operate the drive mechanism 4 to adjust the angle of the step plate 2. After the angle adjustment is completed, the lever 541 is released. The reversing component 54 resets under its own weight and the reaction force of the pawl 52, re-locking the pawl 52 on one side, ensuring the stable fixation of the step plate 2.

[0040] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, a coaxial handle 422 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the worm gear 42. The handle 422 is for people to grip and apply force. By rotating the handle 422, the worm gear 42 can be turned synchronously, thereby driving the turbine 43 to rotate, so as to realize the manual adjustment of the angle of the step plate 2.

[0041] To enhance the safety of the staircase and facilitate handrails for pedestrians, handrails are installed on both sides of the steel structure staircase. The handrails are made of the same steel as the mounting beams 1 and treads 2, ensuring structural strength and overall compatibility. They extend along the length of the mounting beams 1, and the bottom of the handrails is fixedly connected to the top surfaces of the two mounting beams 1 by welding. The welds are full and strong, capable of withstanding the force exerted by pedestrians and preventing loosening or detachment. This design does not affect the angled rotation of the treads 2, while providing stable support for pedestrians, further ensuring safety in industrial plant settings.

[0042] It is understood that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or modifications to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, and all such substitutions or modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle, characterized in that, It includes two mounting beams (1), several step plates (2), two connecting rods (3), a drive mechanism (4), and a locking mechanism (5); Two mounting beams (1) are set in parallel, and several step plates (2) are arranged equidistantly between the two mounting beams (1) along the length direction of the mounting beams (1). Each step plate (2) is provided with a first hinge shaft (21) at both ends along its own length direction, and the hinge is achieved with the mounting beam (1) through the first hinge shaft (21). Each step plate (2) is provided with a second hinge shaft (22) at both ends along its own length direction. The second hinge shaft (22) is used to achieve the hinge connection with the connecting rod (3). Two adjacent step plates (2), the connecting rod (3) located at the same end, and the mounting beam (1) are hinged to form a parallelogram of the smallest unit. The drive mechanism (4) is installed at the end of the mounting beam (1) and is connected to a step plate (2) located at that end of the mounting beam (1) for driving the step plate (2) to rotate around the axis of the first hinge shaft (21) to adjust the angle. The locking mechanism (5) is located at the end of the mounting beam (1) where the drive mechanism (4) is located, and is used to lock and fix the drive mechanism (4) to limit the drive mechanism (4) from driving the step plate (2). The drive mechanism (4) drives the connected step plate (2) to flip. The step plate (2) drives other step plates (2) to flip in the same direction and at the same angle through the connecting rod (3), thereby realizing the switching between the ramp structure and the step structure of the step plate (2).

2. The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (4) includes a mounting base (41), a worm (42), a turbine (43), a rack (44), and a roller (45). The mounting base (41) is fixedly connected to the end of the mounting beam (1). The lower end of the worm (42) is rotatably connected to the mounting base (41). The upper end of the worm (42) is rotatably connected to the locking mechanism (5). The turbine (43) is rotatably mounted on the mounting base (41) and meshes with the threads of the worm (42). The rack (44) meshes with the turbine (43). The roller (45) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the rack (44) and rolls in contact with the bottom surface of the step plate (2).

3. The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the step plate (2) is provided with a first limiting groove (23), which extends along the width direction of the step plate (2), and the roller (45) is accommodated in the first limiting groove (23).

4. The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle according to claim 2, characterized in that, A limiting plate (46) is provided on the side of the mounting base (41) near the rack (44). The limiting plate (46) is provided with a limiting hole (461) through it. The limiting hole (461) corresponds to the rack (44) and is used to accommodate the rack (44) in a movable manner so as to achieve radial limiting of the rack (44).

5. The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first hinge shaft (21) is located near the end of the step plate (2) in the width direction and is located near the end of the top surface of the step plate (2) in the thickness direction; the second hinge shaft (22) is located in the middle of the step plate (2) in the width direction and is located near the end of the bottom surface of the step plate (2) in the thickness direction. The first hinge shaft (21) and the second hinge shaft (22) are offset.

6. The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The projections of the first hinge axis (21) and the second hinge axis (22) on the width direction of the step plate (2) are such that the distance between their axes is greater than or equal to half the sum of the width of the connecting rod (3) along the thickness direction of the step plate (2) and the width of the mounting beam (1) along the thickness direction of the step plate (2), so as to ensure that the parallelogram structure can be smoothly flipped.

7. The steel structure staircase with adjustable treads (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The installation distance between two adjacent step plates (2) along the length of the installation beam (1) is greater than or equal to the width of the step plate (2) itself.

8. The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The locking mechanism (5) includes a locking wrench (51), one end of which is fixedly connected to the end of the mounting beam (1), and the other end of which is provided with a second limiting groove (511); the upper end of the worm (42) passes through the bottom wall of the second limiting groove (511), and a gear (421) is fixedly sleeved on its outer periphery, and the gear (421) is rotatably accommodated in the second limiting groove (511).

9. The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle according to claim 8, characterized in that, The locking mechanism (5) also includes two pawls (52), two return springs (53), and a reversing member (54). The two pawls (52) are symmetrically arranged in the second limiting groove (511). One end of each pawl (52) is movably connected to the inner wall of the second limiting groove (511) through the return spring (53). The reversing member (54) is rotatably connected to the bottom wall of the second limiting groove (511) and located between the two pawls (52). The reversing member (54) abuts against one of the pawls (52) to move it away from the gear (421), and the other pawl (52) abuts against the gear (421) under the force of the return spring (53) it is connected to. The reversing member (54) is fixedly connected to a lever (541), which protrudes out of the second limiting groove (511).

10. The steel structure staircase with adjustable tread angle according to claim 9, characterized in that, A coaxial handle (422) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the worm (42). The handle (422) is for human hand gripping and is used to turn the worm (42) to drive the turbine (43) to rotate.

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