A lightning protection wind measurement device for an offshore wind turbine

Abstract

The application provides a lightning protection wind measuring device of an offshore wind turbine, and relates to the technical field of wind power monitoring, which comprises a base, the upper end of the base is provided with a lightning receptor, the lightning receptor comprises a flange fixing disc, a main lightning rod and a framework ring, the flange fixing disc and the framework ring are provided with a wind direction follow-up flow guiding structure, the wind direction follow-up flow guiding structure is installed in cooperation with a first sliding groove in a first ring, a first sealing bearing and a second sealing bearing installed in a second ring, and a first connecting ring, a second connecting ring, a first connecting rod support, a wind tail wing, a second connecting rod support and a trapezoidal arc surface wind guiding indicator installed oppositely, so as to form a complete wind vane structure, which can guide external airflow to flow stably along the streamlined surface of the trapezoidal arc surface wind guiding indicator, disperse the force of wind by using the guiding effect of airflow, reduce the wind resistance load borne by the whole lightning receptor, and avoid the occurrence of inclination, tilt or structural damage of the lightning receptor caused by the continuous impact of strong wind.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wind power monitoring technology, and more specifically, relates to a lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines. Background Technology

[0002] Lightning protection and wind measurement is a comprehensive technology and supporting device that combines lightning protection and wind parameter monitoring. It is widely used in offshore platforms, high-rise buildings, communication base stations and other scenarios. Its core function is to achieve lightning protection through lightning arresters, while monitoring wind parameters such as wind direction and wind speed.

[0003] A search of Chinese patent publication number "CN117154549B" reveals "a lightning arrester and lightning protection device". This device, by setting a collector wheel around the upper needle rod and setting an adjustable capacitor below, enables the lightning arrester to eliminate corona discharge, form a sufficiently long upward leader discharge, actively seek and eliminate lightning, expand the protection range of the lightning protection device, and reduce the damage of lightning strikes to buildings and electrical equipment. It is especially suitable for application in various high-rise building summer lightning protection scenarios.

[0004] Based on the above search and existing technology, it was found that in actual lightning protection and wind measurement applications, some scenarios (such as at sea) are often subject to continuous impact from strong winds. The device lacks corresponding wind resistance guidance and structural stability design, which means that after long-term use, strong winds can easily cause the lightning rod to become skewed, tilted, or even structurally damaged, affecting the lightning protection effect and making it difficult to meet the long-term stable operation requirements of the lightning protection and wind measurement device in strong wind environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines.

[0006] A lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines includes a base with a lightning rod at the upper end. The lightning rod includes a flange mounting plate, a main lightning rod, and a frame ring. The flange mounting plate is threaded onto the base. The main lightning rod is located inside the lightning rod, and the frame ring is located on the outer side of the lightning rod. In use, the second air duct in the subsequent conduction structure can be connected to the air inlet of the wind turbine. The threaded installation of the base and the flange mounting plate ensures that the lightning rod is securely installed. Together with the main lightning rod, the device provides lightning protection, preventing damage to the device and wind turbine from offshore lightning strikes.

[0007] Preferably, the flange fixing plate and the skeleton ring are provided with a wind direction following guide structure. The wind direction following guide structure can be adjusted in real time according to the wind direction and guide the airflow in the wind direction to reduce the wind resistance of the lightning arrester.

[0008] The wind-following guide structure includes a first ring and a second ring. The first ring is fixedly disposed on the outside of the frame ring, and the second ring is fixedly disposed on the outside of the flange fixing plate. A first groove is formed inside the first ring, and a second groove is formed inside the second ring. A first sealing bearing is disposed inside the first groove, and the inner ring of the first sealing bearing is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the first ring. A second sealing bearing is disposed inside the second groove, and the inner ring of the second sealing bearing is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the second groove. A first connecting ring is fixedly installed on the outer ring of the first sealing bearing, and a second connecting ring is fixedly installed on the outer ring of the second sealing bearing. A first connecting rod bracket is fixedly installed between the first connecting ring and the second connecting ring. A wind-receiving tail fin is provided on the side wall of the first connecting rod bracket. A second connecting rod bracket is fixedly installed between the first connecting ring and the second connecting ring. A trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator is fixedly installed on the side wall of the second connecting rod bracket. The wind-receiving tail fin and the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator are arranged opposite each other. When the external airflow acts, the first ring outside the frame ring and the flange fixing plate... The second set of rings on the outer side of the fixed plate are respectively fitted with first and second sealed bearings via the first and second sliding grooves. These, along with the first and second connecting rings fixed to the outer rings of the first and second sealed bearings, and the first connecting rod bracket, wind-receiving tail fin, second connecting rod bracket, and trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator installed opposite to each other between the first and second connecting rings, together form a complete wind vane structure. Because the wind-receiving tail fin has a larger wind-receiving area and a higher drag coefficient, the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator adopts an arc-shaped streamlined design. Effectively reducing wind resistance, the drag torque generated by the airflow acting on the tail fin is much greater than the drag torque on the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator. Under the action of the torque difference, the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator is driven to always face the direction of the airflow. At the same time, the first connecting ring and the second connecting ring synchronously drive the first sealing bearing and the second sealing bearing to rotate circumferentially adaptively in the first slide groove and the second slide groove, realizing real-time wind direction adjustment. Moreover, the arc-shaped airflow guiding structure can effectively reduce the wind resistance load on the entire lightning arrester and avoid the lightning arrester from tilting or tilting due to the continuous impact of strong winds.

[0009] Preferably, the wind-following guide structure is provided with a wind measuring structure, which moves synchronously with the wind-following guide structure to ensure real-time measurement of wind speed;

[0010] The wind measurement structure includes a first through slot and a second through slot. The first through slot extends through the interior of the second connecting rod bracket, and the second through slot extends through the interior of the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator. The second through slot communicates with the first through slot. An air inlet cover is fixedly installed on the side wall of the second connecting rod bracket. The air inlet cover communicates with the first through slot. An ultrasonic wind speed sensor is provided at the bottom of the air inlet cover. The upper end of the ultrasonic wind speed sensor is provided with a column assembly and a top cap. The top cap is located above the column assembly. The area between the column assembly and the top cap is the wind measurement zone. The column assembly and the second connecting ring are located inside the air inlet cover. Under the premise that the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator maintains a stable windward state, the second through slot inside the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator... The first through slot inside the second linkage bracket is interconnected to form a continuous directional airflow channel. This channel can guide part of the airflow to flow in and prevent airflow leakage, ensuring airflow delivery efficiency. The external airflow smoothly enters the second through slot along the guide surface of the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator, and then flows steadily into the air inlet cover fixed to the side wall of the second linkage bracket through the first through slot. After entering the air inlet cover, the airflow flows evenly through the dedicated wind measurement area between the upper column assembly and the top cap of the ultrasonic wind speed sensor. The ultrasonic wind speed sensor completes high-precision real-time wind speed detection by monitoring the airflow parameters flowing through the wind measurement area. Moreover, the wind measurement structure rotates synchronously with the wind direction and the guide structure, so that it can always face the direction of the incoming flow, ensuring that the wind speed detection data is true and accurate.

[0011] Preferably, a conductive structure is fixedly installed on the upper end of the flange mounting plate of the lightning arrester. The conductive structure can conduct the airflow after wind measurement and deliver it to the air inlet of the wind turbine generator. After being processed by the filter, it can provide auxiliary heat dissipation for the components.

[0012] The conductive structure includes a fixed ring, with an air slip ring fixedly mounted above it. The air slip ring has a moving ring and a stationary ring around its circumference. The stationary ring is fixedly connected to the fixed ring, and the moving ring is rotatably positioned outside the stationary ring. A first air duct is fixedly connected between the air inlet of the moving ring and the air inlet cover. A second air duct is located at the air outlet of the stationary ring. The second air duct passes through the lightning arrester and the outer base and extends to the outside of the outer base. The air slip ring is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the flange mounting plate via the fixed ring. The stationary ring and the fixed ring of the air slip ring remain fixed, while the moving ring rotates in coordination with the stationary ring. As the airflow direction follows the overall rotation of the guide structure, the moving ring rotates synchronously with the guide structure. To prevent the first duct from becoming entangled, twisted, or stuck due to the rotation of the overall structure, and to ensure the continuous and stable conduction of the airflow delivery channel, the airflow enters the slip ring and is sequentially transmitted through the moving ring and stationary ring to the second duct at the outlet of the stationary ring. The second duct passes through the lightning arrester and the base and extends to the outside, ultimately delivering the airflow stably to the air inlet of the wind turbine. This achieves the conduction and delivery of the airflow after wind measurement, so that it can be filtered and used to assist in the heat dissipation of the internal components of the wind turbine. This effectively reduces the operating temperature of the internal components of the wind turbine, prevents the components from aging, wearing out, or malfunctioning due to long-term high-temperature operation, extends the service life of the components, and improves the operational stability of the wind turbine.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] In this invention, by setting a wind-directing flow guiding structure, and cooperating with the first and second sealed bearings installed in the first groove inside the first ring and the second groove inside the second ring, as well as the first connecting rod bracket, the wind-receiving tail fin, the second connecting rod bracket, and the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator installed opposite to the first and second connecting rings, a complete wind vane structure can be formed. This structure can guide the external airflow to flow smoothly along the streamlined surface of the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator, using the guiding effect of the airflow to disperse the force of the wind, reduce the direct impact of the wind on the lightning arrester, and at the same time reduce the wind resistance load on the lightning arrester as a whole. This prevents the lightning arrester from tilting, tilting, or being structurally damaged due to continuous impact from strong winds, protects the main lightning rod, and improves the structural stability of the lightning arrester in strong wind environments at sea.

[0015] In this invention, by setting up a wind-direction-following guide structure, a stable torque difference is formed by relying on the wind resistance difference between the wind-receiving tail fin and the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator. It fully utilizes the natural wind energy at sea as the driving force, without the need for additional power devices. It can drive the first connecting ring and the second connecting ring to drive the first sealed bearing and the second sealed bearing to rotate adaptively in the first and second slide grooves, thereby realizing wind direction following adjustment. This not only saves additional power consumption, but also adapts to the working conditions of offshore wind farms where there is no external power supply and maintenance is inconvenient. At the same time, it reduces the setting of power components, thereby reducing the failure rate and maintenance cost of the device.

[0016] In this invention, by setting up a wind measurement structure, a first through slot is opened inside the second connecting rod bracket, and a second through slot is opened inside the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator. The first and second through slots are interconnected to form a continuous airflow channel. External airflow can flow smoothly into the air inlet cover through this channel, providing a stable airflow source for wind speed measurement. In conjunction with the ultrasonic wind speed sensor inside the air inlet cover, real-time wind speed detection can be completed. This solves the problem of traditional wind measurement structures having no directional airflow channel and airflow turbulence causing measurement failure, ensuring stable wind speed measurement.

[0017] In this invention, by setting up a wind-measuring structure and combining it with a wind-direction-following guide structure, the wind-measuring structure can rotate synchronously with the wind-direction-following guide structure. As long as the wind drives the wind-direction-following guide structure to rotate, the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind indicator can always be kept in the windward position. This ensures that the wind-measuring components inside the first channel, the second channel, and the air inlet cover are always facing the direction of the incoming flow. No additional adjustment mechanism is needed to achieve windward speed measurement, ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of the wind speed measurement data. At the same time, it improves the adaptability of the wind-measuring structure to frequent wind direction changes at sea.

[0018] In this invention, by installing the ultrasonic anemometer, column assembly, and top cap inside the air inlet cover, coordinated measurement by the ultrasonic anemometer, wind measurement structure, and wind direction-following guide structure can be achieved. The internal space of the air inlet cover matches the dimensions of the ultrasonic anemometer, column assembly, and top cap, accurately guiding the external airflow through the first and second through slots, and then directing it through the velocity measurement zone between the column assembly and top cap. This provides a stable and uniform airflow environment for the ultrasonic anemometer, avoiding airflow turbulence from affecting measurement accuracy. Simultaneously, this installation method allows the ultrasonic anemometer to rotate synchronously with the wind direction-following guide structure. Combined with the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind indicator always facing the wind, the velocity measurement zone is always directly aligned with the incoming flow direction, further improving the accuracy and stability of velocity measurement. Furthermore, the ultrasonic anemometer itself does not require rotation, unlike traditional rotating velocity measurement components, and does not affect the normal rotation of the wind direction-following guide structure, ensuring long-term stable and reliable velocity measurement.

[0019] In this invention, by setting up a transmission structure, the airflow after wind measurement can be stably transmitted. The airflow enters the air slip ring through the first air duct, and is then transmitted to the second air duct through the cooperation of the moving ring and the stationary ring. Finally, it is delivered to the air inlet of the wind turbine by the second air duct. After being filtered by a designated filter, it provides auxiliary heat dissipation for the internal components of the wind turbine, effectively reducing the operating temperature of the internal components of the wind turbine, avoiding aging, wear or failure of the components due to long-term high-temperature operation, extending the service life of the components, improving the operating stability and working efficiency of the wind turbine, and reducing the probability of downtime maintenance due to high temperature. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a partial assembly structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lightning arrester assembly structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the air slip ring assembly structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the collar of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod support assembly structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second linkage bracket connection assembly structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the air inlet cover of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram, the correspondence between component names and attached drawing numbers is as follows: 11. Base; 12. Lightning arrester; 13. Flange fixing plate; 14. Main lightning rod; 15. Frame ring; 16. First ring; 17. Second ring; 18. First slide groove; 19. Second slide groove; 21. First sealed bearing; 22. Second sealed bearing; 23. First connecting ring; 24. Second connecting ring; 25. First connecting rod bracket; 26. Wind-receiving tail fin; 27. Second connecting rod bracket; 28. Trapezoidal arc surface wind guide indicator; 29. ​​First through groove; 31. Second through groove; 32. Air inlet cover; 33. Column assembly; 34. Top cap; 35. Fixing ring; 36. Air slip ring; 37. Moving ring; 38. Stationary ring; 39. First air duct; 41. Second air duct; 42. Ultrasonic anemometer. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0030] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 8 The present invention provides a lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines, including a base 11, a lightning arrester 12 at the upper end of the base 11, the lightning arrester 12 including a flange fixing plate 13, a main lightning rod 14 and a frame ring 15, the flange fixing plate 13 is threadedly installed on the base 11, the main lightning rod 14 is located inside the lightning arrester 12, and the frame ring 15 is located outside the lightning arrester 12.

[0031] The flange fixing plate 13 and the skeleton ring 15 are equipped with a wind direction following guide structure. The wind direction following guide structure can be adjusted in real time according to the wind direction and guides the airflow to the wind, reducing the wind resistance of the lightning arrester 12. The wind direction following guide structure includes a first ring 16 and a second ring 17. The first ring 16 is fixed on the outside of the skeleton ring 15, and the second ring 17 is fixed on the outside of the flange fixing plate 13. The first ring 16 has a first sliding groove 18 inside, and the second ring 17 has a second sliding groove 19 inside. The first sliding groove 18 is equipped with a first sealing bearing 21. The inner ring of the first sealing bearing 21 is fixed to the inner wall of the first ring 16. The second sliding groove 19 is equipped with a... A second sealed bearing 22 is provided, with its inner ring fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the second sliding groove 19. A first connecting ring 23 is fixedly mounted on the outer ring of the first sealed bearing 21, and a second connecting ring 24 is fixedly mounted on the outer ring of the second sealed bearing 22. A first connecting rod bracket 25 is fixedly mounted between the first connecting ring 23 and the second connecting ring 24. A wind-receiving tail fin 26 is provided on the side wall of the first connecting rod bracket 25. A second connecting rod bracket 27 is fixedly mounted between the first connecting ring 23 and the second connecting ring 24. A trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator 28 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the second connecting rod bracket 27. The wind-receiving tail fin 26 and the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator 28 are arranged opposite each other.

[0032] The first ring 16 is an annular component forged from C5-M grade marine corrosion-resistant stainless steel seamless pipe, and is bolted to the outside of the skeleton ring 15. The second ring 17 is an annular component of the same material and specifications as the first ring 16, made of 316L stainless steel, and is fixed to the outside of the flange fixing plate 13 by welding. This material can meet the requirements of high strength support, corrosion resistance in high salt spray environment at sea, and rapid discharge in case of lightning strike. The walls of the first groove 18 and the second groove 19 are mirror polished to reduce rotational friction. The groove size is precisely matched with the outer diameter of the subsequent bearing to ensure the coaxiality of the bearing assembly and avoid groove deformation due to insufficient material hardness or corrosion, ensuring smooth circumferential rotation. The first sealed bearing 21 has a 304 stainless steel outer ring and a 3 The first sealed bearing 21 is a double-row sealed bearing with an inner ring made of 16L stainless steel and an internal fluororubber seal. The inner ring of the first sealed bearing 21 is fixed to the inner wall of the first ring 16 by an interference fit. The second sealed bearing 22 is a bearing of the same specification as the first sealed bearing 21. The stainless steel material and sealing structure can resist corrosion from sea salt spray and seawater splash, and prevent bearing jamming. At the same time, the fluororubber seal can prevent water vapor and salt spray intrusion, ensuring the stability of the circumferential adaptive rotation of the first sealed bearing 21 and the second sealed bearing 22 in the first slide groove 18 and the second slide groove 19 during subsequent wind direction following adjustment, without affecting the wind direction following effect driven by torque difference. The outer ring of the first sealed bearing 21 is fixedly installed with a first connecting ring 23 by welding, and the outer ring of the second sealed bearing 22 is fixedly installed by welding. A second connecting ring 24 is fixedly installed via a connection method. Both the first connecting ring 23 and the second connecting ring 24 are annular components forged from 316L stainless steel. This material can stably bear the load of the wind-receiving tail fin 26 and the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator 28, while also possessing good conductivity. In the event of a lightning strike, it can quickly transfer the lightning current to the main body of the lightning arrester 12, avoiding localized overheating damage and ensuring the connection strength and leakage safety of the overall wind vane structure. A first connecting rod bracket 25 is fixedly installed between the first connecting ring 23 and the second connecting ring 24 by welding. The first connecting rod bracket 25 is a component formed by bending a 316L stainless steel profile, with a rectangular cross-section and wall thickness adaptively selected according to actual needs. The second connecting rod bracket 27 is made of the same material and specifications as the first connecting rod bracket 25. The 6L stainless steel components, symmetrically arranged with the first connecting rod support 25, withstand the torque difference force under strong wind loads at sea, preventing deformation of the connecting rod due to insufficient material strength, and ensuring the overall rigidity and rotational stability of the wind vane structure. The trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator 28 is a streamlined component formed by bending 316L stainless steel plate, with a mirror-polished surface to reduce wind resistance. Internally welded 316L stainless steel reinforcing ribs enhance structural strength. The wind-receiving tail fin 26 is a composite component with an aluminum alloy honeycomb core and a surface covered with a thin 316L stainless steel plate. At the same time, the 316L stainless steel surface layer ensures a smooth flow path during lightning strikes. Combined with the arc-shaped streamlined design, it effectively reduces the wind resistance load on the entire lightning arrester 12, conforming to the working mode of real-time wind direction adjustment and low wind resistance guidance.Furthermore, material issues will not cause structural movement to become jammed or torque to become unbalanced.

[0033] By setting up a wind-direction-following flow guide structure, and cooperating with the first sealed bearing 21 and the second sealed bearing 22 installed in the first groove 18 inside the first ring 16 and the second groove 19 inside the second ring 17, as well as the first connecting rod bracket 25, the wind-receiving tail fin 26, the second connecting rod bracket 27 and the trapezoidal arc surface wind guide indicator 28 installed opposite to each other in the first connecting ring 23 and the second connecting ring 24, a complete wind vane structure can be formed. It can guide the external airflow to flow smoothly along the streamlined surface of the trapezoidal arc surface wind guide indicator 28, and use the guiding effect of the airflow to disperse the force of the wind, reduce the direct impact of the wind on the lightning arrester 12, and at the same time reduce the wind resistance load on the lightning arrester 12 as a whole, avoid the continuous impact of strong winds causing the lightning arrester 12 to tilt, lean or be structurally damaged, protect the main lightning rod 14, and improve the structural stability of the lightning arrester 12 in strong wind environment at sea.

[0034] By setting up a wind-direction-following guide structure, and relying on the wind resistance difference between the tail fin 26 and the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator 28 to form a stable torque difference, the system fully utilizes natural offshore wind energy as the driving force. Without the need for additional power devices, it can drive the first connecting ring 23 and the second connecting ring 24 to drive the first sealed bearing 21 and the second sealed bearing 22 to rotate adaptively within the first slide groove 18 and the second slide groove 19, thereby achieving wind direction following adjustment. This not only saves additional power consumption but also adapts to the working conditions of offshore wind farms where there is no external power supply and maintenance is inconvenient. At the same time, it reduces the setting of power components, thereby reducing the failure rate and maintenance cost of the device.

[0035] The wind-following guide structure is equipped with a wind-measuring structure, which moves synchronously with the wind-following guide structure to ensure real-time measurement of wind speed. The wind-measuring structure includes a first through slot 29 and a second through slot 31. The first through slot 29 is opened through the inside of the second connecting rod bracket 27, and the second through slot 31 is opened through the inside of the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator 28. The second through slot 31 communicates with the first through slot 29. An air inlet cover 32 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the second connecting rod bracket 27. The air inlet cover 32 communicates with the first through slot 29. An ultrasonic wind speed sensor 42 is provided at the bottom of the air inlet cover 32. The upper end of the ultrasonic wind speed sensor 42 is provided with a column assembly 33 and a top cap 34. The top cap 34 is located above the column assembly 33. The area between the column assembly 33 and the top cap 34 is the wind-measuring area. The column assembly 33 and the second connecting ring 24 are located inside the air inlet cover 32.

[0036] By setting up a wind measurement structure, a first through slot 29 is opened inside the second connecting rod bracket 27, and a second through slot 31 is opened inside the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator 28. The first through slot 29 and the second through slot 31 are interconnected to form a continuous airflow channel. External airflow can flow smoothly into the air inlet cover 32 through this channel, providing a stable airflow source for wind speed measurement. With the ultrasonic wind speed sensor 42 inside the air inlet cover 32, real-time wind speed detection can be completed. This solves the problem of traditional wind measurement structures having no directional airflow channel and airflow turbulence causing measurement to fail normally, ensuring the stable operation of wind speed measurement.

[0037] The air inlet cover 32 is a cover structure formed by stamping 316L stainless steel plate. The inner wall is smoothed to gather airflow and eliminate turbulence. Its material is the same as that of the second connecting rod bracket 27, which can ensure connection strength. At the same time, it has good anti-corrosion and conductivity properties. In the event of a lightning strike, it can quickly conduct the lightning current to the wind direction following flow guide structure, and then to the main body of the lightning arrester 12, avoiding damage to the air inlet cover 32. The air inlet cover 32 is connected to the first through slot 29 to ensure that the airflow can flow smoothly into the interior of the air inlet cover 32. The electronic components inside the ultrasonic wind speed sensor 42 are encapsulated with lightning protection insulation, which can resist the corrosion of the high salt spray and high humidity environment at sea, and can also isolate the lightning current in the event of a lightning strike to avoid damage to the sensor and ensure the stable operation of the high-precision real-time speed measurement function.

[0038] By setting up a wind-measuring structure and combining it with the wind-direction-following guide structure, the wind-measuring structure can rotate synchronously with the wind-direction-following guide structure. As long as the wind drives the wind-direction-following guide structure to rotate, the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator 28 can always be kept in the windward position. This ensures that the wind-measuring components inside the first channel 29, the second channel 31, and the air inlet cover 32 are always facing the direction of the incoming flow. Without the need for additional adjustment mechanisms, windward speed measurement can be achieved, ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of wind speed measurement data. At the same time, it improves the adaptability of the wind-measuring structure to frequent changes in wind direction at sea.

[0039] By installing the ultrasonic anemometer 42, column assembly 33, and top cap 34 inside the air inlet cover 32, the ultrasonic anemometer 42 can be used in conjunction with the wind measurement structure and the wind direction following guide structure for coordinated measurement. The internal space of the air inlet cover 32 is matched with the dimensions of the ultrasonic anemometer 42, column assembly 33, and top cap 34, which can accurately guide the external airflow through the first channel 29 and the second channel 31, and then direct it through the velocity measurement zone between the column assembly 33 and the top cap 34. This provides a stable and uniform airflow environment for the ultrasonic anemometer 42, avoiding airflow turbulence from affecting measurement accuracy. At the same time, this installation method allows the ultrasonic anemometer 42 to rotate synchronously with the wind direction following guide structure. Combined with the characteristic that the trapezoidal arc surface wind guide indicator 28 is always facing the wind, the velocity measurement zone is always directly facing the direction of the incoming flow, further improving the accuracy and stability of velocity measurement. In addition, the ultrasonic anemometer 42 itself does not need to rotate. Compared with traditional rotating velocity measurement components, it does not affect the normal rotation of the wind direction following guide structure, ensuring long-term stable and reliable velocity measurement.

[0040] A conductive structure is fixedly installed on the upper end of the flange mounting plate 13 of the lightning arrester 12. The conductive structure can conduct the airflow after wind measurement and deliver it to the air inlet of the wind turbine generator. After being processed by the filter, it provides auxiliary heat dissipation for the components. The conductive structure includes a fixed ring 35, and an air slip ring 36 is fixedly installed above the fixed ring 35. The air slip ring 36 is provided with a moving ring 37 and a stationary ring 38 around its body. The stationary ring 38 is fixedly connected to the fixed ring 35. The moving ring 37 is rotatably located outside the stationary ring 38. A first air duct 39 is fixedly connected between the air inlet of the moving ring 37 and the air inlet cover 32. A second air duct 41 is provided at the air outlet of the stationary ring 38. The second air duct 41 passes through the lightning arrester 12 and the outer base 11 and extends to the outside of the outer base 11.

[0041] The fixed ring 35 is a forged annular component made of 316L stainless steel, which is fixedly connected to the upper end of the flange fixing plate 13 by welding. It has excellent conductivity, corrosion resistance and structural strength. In the event of a lightning strike, it can quickly discharge the lightning current to the main body of the lightning arrester 12, preventing itself from deforming due to heat. The air slip ring 36 is made of 316L stainless steel and precision machined. It is equipped with a high-temperature resistant insulating sealing gasket inside, which can resist corrosion from the high salt spray and high humidity environment at sea, and can also block the current from entering the airflow channel during a lightning strike, protecting the internal circulating medium and surrounding components. The air inlet of the moving ring 37 is fixedly connected to the air inlet cover 32 by a first air duct 39. The first air duct 39 is made of 3 The 16L stainless steel corrugated flexible hose has a built-in reinforced steel wire skeleton, combining flexibility and structural strength. It can adapt to the angle changes caused by the rotation of the rotating ring 37, and also has lightning protection and corrosion resistance, preventing air leakage caused by lightning strikes or salt spray corrosion, and ensuring stable airflow. The second air duct 41 is made of marine-grade FRP insulated fiberglass rigid pipe with a built-in fiber reinforcement layer in the pipe wall. The inner wall is polished to reduce airflow resistance. This material has high insulation, high salt spray corrosion resistance, seawater immersion resistance, and aging resistance. It has no conductive properties and can completely block the lightning current conduction path, preventing lightning from being introduced into the wind turbine through the air duct.

[0042] By setting up a transmission structure, the airflow after wind measurement can be stably transmitted. The airflow enters the air slip ring 36 through the first air duct 39, and is then transmitted to the second air duct 41 through the cooperation of the moving ring 37 and the stationary ring 38. Finally, it is delivered to the air inlet of the wind turbine by the second air duct 41. After being filtered by designated filter devices, it provides auxiliary heat dissipation for the internal components of the wind turbine, effectively reducing the operating temperature of the internal components of the wind turbine, avoiding aging, wear or failure of the components due to long-term high temperature operation, extending the service life of the components, improving the operating stability and working efficiency of the wind turbine, and reducing the probability of downtime maintenance due to high temperature.

[0043] Working principle:

[0044] The first step involves connecting the second duct 41 to the air inlet of the wind turbine. When the external airflow acts, the first set of rings 16 on the outside of the frame ring 15 and the second set of rings 17 on the outside of the flange fixing plate 13 are respectively fitted with the first sealing bearing 21 and the second sealing bearing 22 through the first sliding groove 18 and the second sliding groove 19. The outer rings of the first sealing bearing 21 and the second sealing bearing 22 are respectively fixed with the first connecting ring 23 and the second connecting ring 24. The first connecting ring 23 and the second connecting ring 24 are installed opposite each other with the first connecting ring 25, the wind-receiving tail fin 26, the second connecting ring 27, and the trapezoidal arc surface wind guide indicator 28. The above structures work together to form a complete wind vane. Structurally, due to the larger wind-receiving area and higher drag coefficient of the tail fin 26, the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator 28 adopts an arc-shaped streamline design to effectively reduce wind resistance. The drag torque generated by the airflow acting on the tail fin 26 is much greater than the drag torque on the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator 28. Under the action of the torque difference, the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator 28 is driven to always face the direction of the airflow. At the same time, the first connecting ring 23 and the second connecting ring 24 synchronously drive the first sealing bearing 21 and the second sealing bearing 22 to rotate circumferentially adaptively in the first slide groove 18 and the second slide groove 19, realizing real-time wind direction adjustment. Moreover, the arc-shaped airflow guiding structure can effectively reduce the wind resistance load on the entire lightning arrester 12.

[0045] In the second step, under the premise that the trapezoidal arc-shaped air guide indicator 28 remains in a stable windward state, the second through groove 31 inside the trapezoidal arc-shaped air guide indicator 28 and the first through groove 29 inside the second connecting rod bracket 27 are interconnected to form a continuous and through directional airflow channel. This channel can guide part of the airflow to flow in direction and prevent airflow leakage, ensuring airflow delivery efficiency. The external airflow smoothly enters the second through groove 31 along the guide surface of the trapezoidal arc-shaped air guide indicator 28, and then flows steadily into the air inlet cover 32 fixed to the side wall of the second connecting rod bracket 27 through the first through groove 29. After the airflow enters the air inlet cover 32, it is evenly distributed. The airflow passes through the dedicated wind measurement area between the upper column assembly 33 and the top cap 34 of the ultrasonic anemometer 42. The ultrasonic anemometer 42 completes high-precision real-time wind speed detection by monitoring the airflow parameters passing through the wind measurement area. The wind measurement structure rotates synchronously with the wind direction guide structure, so it can always face the incoming flow direction to ensure that the wind speed detection data is true and accurate. Then, it is stably delivered to the inside of the first air duct 39. The first air duct 39 then continuously delivers the detected airflow to the air slip ring 36 at the upper end of the flange fixing plate 13, providing a stable air source for the subsequent airflow to be conducted to the inside of the fan for auxiliary heat dissipation.

[0046] Third, the air slip ring 36 is fixed to the upper end of the flange fixing plate 13 by the fixed ring 35. The stationary ring 38 of the air slip ring 36 is fixed to the fixed ring 35, and the moving ring 37 rotates with the stationary ring 38. During the overall rotation of the wind-following flow guide structure, the moving ring 37 rotates synchronously with the flow guide structure to prevent the first air duct 39 from getting tangled, twisted or stuck due to the rotation of the overall structure, and to ensure that the airflow delivery channel is continuously and stably open. After the airflow enters the air slip ring 36, it is transmitted through the moving ring 37 and the stationary ring 38 to the second air duct 41 at the air outlet of the stationary ring 38. The second air duct 41 passes through the lightning arrester 12 and the base 11 and extends to the outside, finally delivering the airflow stably to the air inlet of the wind turbine, realizing the conduction and delivery of the airflow after wind measurement, so that it can be filtered and used to assist in the heat dissipation of the internal components of the wind turbine.

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines, comprising a base (11), wherein a lightning arrester (12) is provided at the upper end of the base (11), the lightning arrester (12) comprising a flange fixing plate (13), a main lightning rod (14) and a frame ring (15), the flange fixing plate (13) being threadedly installed to the base (11), the main lightning rod (14) being located inside the lightning arrester (12), and the frame ring (15) being provided outside the lightning arrester (12), characterized in that: The flange fixing plate (13) and the skeleton ring (15) are provided with a wind direction following flow guide structure. The wind direction following flow guide structure can be adjusted in real time by utilizing the wind direction and guide the airflow to the wind, thereby reducing the wind resistance of the lightning arrester (12). The wind direction following flow guide structure includes a first ring (16) and a second ring (17). The wind-following flow guide structure is equipped with a wind measuring structure, which moves synchronously with the wind-following flow guide structure to ensure real-time measurement of wind speed. The upper end of the flange fixing plate (13) of the lightning arrester (12) is fixedly installed with a conductive structure. The conductive structure can conduct the airflow after wind measurement and deliver it to the air inlet of the wind turbine generator. After being processed by the filter, it can assist in heat dissipation of the components.

2. The lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first collar (16) is fixed on the outside of the skeleton ring (15), and the second collar (17) is fixed on the outside of the flange fixing plate (13).

3. The lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The first collar (16) has a first groove (18) inside, and the second collar (17) has a second groove (19) inside. The first groove (18) has a first sealing bearing (21) inside, and the inner ring of the first sealing bearing (21) is fixed to the inner wall of the first collar (16).

4. The lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The second slide groove (19) is provided with a second sealed bearing (22). The inner ring of the second sealed bearing (22) is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the second slide groove (19). The outer ring of the first sealed bearing (21) is fixedly installed with a first connecting ring (23), and the outer ring of the second sealed bearing (22) is fixedly installed with a second connecting ring (24).

5. The lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A first connecting rod bracket (25) is fixedly installed between the first connecting ring (23) and the second connecting ring (24). A wind-receiving tail fin (26) is provided on the side wall of the first connecting rod bracket (25). A second connecting rod bracket (27) is fixedly installed between the first connecting ring (23) and the second connecting ring (24). A trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator (28) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the second connecting rod bracket (27). The wind-receiving tail fin (26) and the trapezoidal arc-shaped wind guide indicator (28) are arranged opposite to each other.

6. The lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The wind measuring structure includes a first through groove (29) and a second through groove (31). The first through groove (29) is opened through the inside of the second connecting rod bracket (27), and the second through groove (31) is opened through the inside of the trapezoidal arc surface wind guide indicator (28). The second through groove (31) is connected to the first through groove (29).

7. The lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines as described in claim 5, characterized in that, An air inlet cover (32) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the second connecting rod bracket (27). The air inlet cover (32) communicates with the first through groove (29). An ultrasonic wind speed sensor (42) is provided at the bottom of the air inlet cover (32).

8. The lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The ultrasonic wind speed sensor (42) has a column assembly (33) and a top cap (34) at its upper end. The top cap (34) is located above the column assembly (33). The area between the column assembly (33) and the top cap (34) is the wind measurement area. The column assembly (33) and the second connecting ring (24) are located inside the air inlet cover (32).

9. The lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive structure includes a fixed ring (35), and an air slip ring (36) is fixedly installed above the fixed ring (35). The air slip ring (36) is provided with a moving ring (37) and a stationary ring (38) around its body.

10. The lightning protection and wind measurement device for offshore wind turbines as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The stationary ring (38) is fixedly connected to the fixed ring (35), and the moving ring (37) is rotatably located outside the stationary ring (38). The air inlet of the moving ring (37) is fixedly connected to the air inlet cover (32) by a first air duct (39). The air outlet of the stationary ring (38) is provided with a second air duct (41). The second air duct (41) passes through the lightning arrester (12) and the outer base (11) and extends to the outside of the outer base (11).

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