Buffer device and rock drill

Abstract

The application provides a buffer device and a rock drill, wherein the buffer cylinder of the buffer device is the front end of the impact cylinder of the rock drill, the piston rod and the drill bit of the rock drill are slidably arranged in the impact cavity, the buffer cavity is arranged around the impact cavity, one end of the buffer cavity is communicated with the oil circuit of the impact mechanism of the rock drill, hydraulic oil is arranged in the buffer cavity, one end of the buffer ring is connected with the drill bit, the other end of the buffer ring is provided with a buffer plug, the buffer plug is partially inserted into the buffer cavity, under the action of external force, the buffer plug is retracted, the buffer cavity supplies oil to the oil supply pipeline, when the external force is removed, the oil supply pipeline supplements oil to the buffer cavity, and the oil supplement is terminated after the buffer plug is pushed to reset. By adopting hydraulic oil as the buffer medium, compared with the traditional spring and rubber buffer, the hydraulic oil has good fluidity and incompressibility, can realize smooth transmission and absorption of the buffer force, can adapt to high-frequency counter-impact working conditions, effectively avoids the failure of the buffer component, and reduces the maintenance cost of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of rock drill technology, and more specifically, relates to a buffer device. In addition, this application also relates to a rock drill. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic rock drills are core equipment used in mining, tunneling, and construction for breaking rocks. Their working principle primarily involves using a high-pressure oil supply line and a low-pressure oil return line in the impact mechanism to drive a piston rod in high-speed reciprocating motion, which in turn drives the drill bit and shank to impact the rock, thus achieving the drilling operation. During actual operation, the drill bit generates high-frequency, high-force counter-impacts due to its impact on the rock, which can shorten the lifespan of the rock drill over time.

[0003] In existing technologies, spring and rubber buffers are typically incorporated into the impact mechanism of rock drills to reduce vibration and component wear. However, as core buffer components, springs and rubber pads are subjected to continuous high-frequency compression and rebound cycles, leading to prolonged fatigue and making them highly susceptible to elastic fatigue, aging, deformation, and even breakage, ultimately resulting in a loss of buffering capacity. Failure of these buffer components significantly shortens the lifespan of the rock drill, increasing maintenance costs and downtime. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a buffer device and a rock drill to improve the service life of the buffer structure and reduce equipment maintenance costs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: A buffer device is provided, comprising a buffer cylinder, a buffer chamber, and a buffer ring. The buffer cylinder is the front end of the impact cylinder of a rock drill. An impact chamber is provided inside the buffer cylinder, and the front end of the piston rod and the drill bit of the rock drill are axially slidably disposed within the impact chamber, and are capable of colliding with each other within the impact chamber. The buffer cylinder has a buffer chamber arranged coaxially with the impact chamber, and the buffer chamber and the impact chamber are independent of each other. One end of the buffer chamber is connected to the oil circuit of the impact mechanism of the rock drill, and hydraulic oil is provided within the buffer chamber. One end of the buffer ring is connected to the drill bit, and the other end of the buffer ring has a buffer plug, which is partially inserted into the buffer chamber. Under the action of external force, when the drill bit retracts through the buffer ring to reduce the volume of the buffer chamber, the buffer chamber supplies oil to the oil supply line. When the external force is removed, the oil supply line replenishes oil to the buffer chamber, pushing the buffer plug to reset.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the buffer cylinder includes a cylinder body and a piston sleeve. The cylinder body has a small-diameter cavity and a large-diameter cavity connected axially in sequence. The diameter of the large-diameter cavity is larger than the diameter of the small-diameter cavity. The rod tip is inserted into the small-diameter cavity. The piston sleeve is annular and is detachably disposed in the large-diameter cavity. The front end of the piston sleeve is spaced apart from the connecting surface of the small-diameter cavity and the large-diameter cavity. The inner cavity of the piston sleeve, the small-diameter cavity, and the large-diameter cavity are partially connected to form the impact cavity. The piston rod is inserted into the piston sleeve.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the piston sleeve includes a sleeve body and a mounting ring, wherein the outer diameter of the sleeve body is smaller than the diameter of the large-diameter cavity, the sleeve body is inserted into the large-diameter cavity, and the gap between the sleeve body and the sidewall of the large-diameter cavity forms the buffer cavity; the mounting ring is disposed at one end of the sleeve body, the outer diameter of the mounting ring is the same as the diameter of the large-diameter cavity, the mounting ring is inserted into the large-diameter cavity, and the mounting ring is fixed to the cylinder body of the buffer cylinder by bolts.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the outer wall of the sleeve is provided with multiple partition plates, which divide the buffer cavity into multiple buffer sub-cavities. The multiple buffer sub-cavities include multiple first buffer sub-cavities and multiple second buffer sub-cavities. The first buffer sub-cavities are connected to the high-pressure oil supply pipeline of the rock drill impact mechanism, and the second buffer sub-cavities are connected to the low-pressure oil return pipeline of the rock drill impact mechanism.

[0009] In one possible implementation, both the first and second buffer sub-cavities are uniformly arranged circumferentially along the large-diameter cavity, and the first and second buffer sub-cavities are arranged alternately.

[0010] In one possible implementation, multiple buffer plugs are provided, and each buffer plug corresponds to a buffer sub-cavity. The buffer plug is inserted into the corresponding buffer sub-cavity.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the tail end of the drill bit is provided with a first fixing section, and the buffer ring is provided with a second fixing section. The second fixing section is cylindrical, and the outer diameter of the second fixing section is the same as the diameter of the small-diameter cavity. The first fixing section is inserted into the second fixing section, and the first fixing section and the second fixing section are fixed by bolts.

[0012] In one possible implementation, a rubber pad is provided on the connecting end face of the large-diameter cavity and the small-diameter cavity. A one-way plate is provided in the buffer sub-cavity, which divides the buffer sub-cavity into a first one-way cavity and a second one-way cavity. A one-way hole is provided on the one-way plate, and the first one-way cavity and the second one-way cavity are connected through the one-way hole. The buffer plug is inserted into the first one-way cavity, and a one-way plug is slidably provided in the second one-way cavity. When no external force is applied, the one-way plug is pressed against the one-way plate and blocks the one-way hole. One end of the buffer ring is spaced apart from the rubber pad, and the other end of the buffer ring is spaced apart from the top end of the sleeve.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the cylinder body is further provided with an anti-interference cavity, which is located on one side of the first one-way cavity and communicates with the first one-way cavity; the anti-interference cavity is filled with hydraulic oil, and the anti-interference cavity is connected to the external space of the cylinder body through a vent valve, and the hydraulic oil in the anti-interference cavity can be injected into the buffer cavity or withdrawn from the buffer cavity due to the sliding of the corresponding buffer plug.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the buffer device provided in this application are as follows: Compared with the prior art, this application uses hydraulic oil as the buffer medium. Compared with traditional springs and rubber buffers, hydraulic oil has good fluidity and incompressibility, enabling the smooth transmission and absorption of buffering force. The hydraulic buffer method can adapt to high-frequency counter-impact conditions. Unlike springs and rubber, hydraulic oil does not suffer from elastic fatigue, aging, deformation, or breakage, effectively avoiding buffer component failure, reducing equipment maintenance costs, minimizing downtime, and improving the continuity and efficiency of rock drilling operations.

[0015] When the drill bit generates a counter-impact, the counter-impact force pushes the buffer ring and drives the buffer plug into the buffer chamber. At this time, the hydraulic oil in the buffer chamber is squeezed and transported to the oil supply line. During the flow of the hydraulic oil, the kinetic energy of the counter-impact is converted into internal energy, which effectively buffers and consumes the counter-impact force, and avoids the counter-impact force being directly transmitted to the impact mechanism and other core components of the rock drill, thereby reducing component wear and extending the service life of the rock drill.

[0016] Meanwhile, after the external force is removed, the oil supply line can automatically replenish oil to the buffer chamber, push the buffer plug to reset and terminate the oil replenishment, forming a complete cycle between buffering and reset. No additional drive mechanism is required, which simplifies the overall structure and reduces the manufacturing cost of the equipment.

[0017] As the front end of the impact cylinder, the buffer cylinder eliminates the need for a separate buffer cylinder mounting structure, reducing the number of components and saving installation space. Furthermore, the piston rod and drill bit slid within the impact chamber and collide, ensuring the normal operation of the rock drilling work. Simultaneously, the buffer structure is organically integrated with the rock drilling structure, improving the device's integration and operational stability.

[0018] This application also provides a rock drill, including the buffer device as described above.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the rock drill provided in this application are as follows: Compared with the prior art, this application, by adopting the above-mentioned buffer device and using hydraulic oil as the buffer medium, has better fluidity and incompressibility than traditional springs and rubber buffers, enabling the smooth transmission and absorption of buffering force. The hydraulic buffer method can adapt to high-frequency counter-impact conditions. Unlike springs and rubber, hydraulic oil does not suffer from elastic fatigue, aging, deformation, or breakage, effectively avoiding the failure of buffer components, reducing equipment maintenance costs, minimizing downtime for maintenance, and improving the continuity and efficiency of rock drilling operations. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the piston sleeve provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer ring provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drill bit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer device provided in the embodiments of this application when no external force is applied;

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer device provided in this application embodiment when the rod tip and piston rod collide;

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer device provided in the embodiment of this application when the rod tail is extended;

[0028] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer device provided in the embodiment of this application when the rod tail is retracted;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer device provided in the embodiment of this application at the end of the rod tail buffering.

[0030] The labels for the attached figures are as follows:

[0031] 1. Buffer cylinder; 2. Buffer chamber; 3. Buffer ring; 4. Chisel tail; 5. Piston rod;

[0032] 101. Impact chamber; 102. Cylinder block; 103. Piston sleeve; 105. Sleeve body; 106. Mounting ring; 107. Rubber pad; 108. Large-diameter chamber; 109. Small-diameter chamber;

[0033] 201. Hydraulic oil; 202. Separator plate; 203. First buffer sub-cavity; 204. Second buffer sub-cavity; 205. One-way plate; 206. One-way hole; 207. First one-way cavity; 208. Second one-way cavity; 209. Anti-interference cavity; 210. Vent valve; 211. One-way plug;

[0034] 301. Buffer plug; 302. Second fixed section;

[0035] 401. First fixed section. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0037] It should be further noted that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this application mainly describe the concept of this application. Based on this concept, some specific forms and arrangements of connection relationships, positional relationships, power mechanisms, power supply systems, hydraulic systems and control systems may not be fully described. However, under the premise that those skilled in the art understand the concept of this application, they can implement the above-mentioned specific forms and arrangements in a well-known manner.

[0038] When a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0039] The terms “length”, “width”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inner”, “outer”, etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0040] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, and "several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0041] The buffer device provided in this application will now be described.

[0042] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 9 The buffer device includes a buffer cylinder 1, a buffer chamber 2, and a buffer ring 3. The buffer cylinder 1 is the front end of the impact cylinder of the rock drill. An impact chamber 101 is provided inside the buffer cylinder 1. The front end of the piston rod 5 and the drill bit 4 of the rock drill are axially slidably disposed within the impact chamber 101 and can collide with each other within the impact chamber 101. The buffer cylinder 1 has a buffer chamber 2, which is coaxially arranged with the impact chamber 101 and is independent of it. One end of the buffer chamber 2... The oil circuit is connected to the impact mechanism of the rock drill, and the buffer chamber 2 is equipped with hydraulic oil 201; one end of the buffer ring 3 is connected to the drill bit 4, and the other end of the buffer ring 3 is equipped with a buffer plug 301, which is partially inserted into the buffer chamber 2; when the drill bit 4 drives the buffer plug 301 to retract through the buffer ring 3 to reduce the volume of the buffer chamber 2, the buffer chamber 2 supplies oil to the oil supply line; when the external force is removed, the oil supply line replenishes oil to the buffer chamber 2, pushing the buffer plug 301 to reset.

[0043] The beneficial effects of the buffer device provided in this embodiment are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the buffer device provided in this embodiment uses hydraulic oil 201 as the buffer medium. Compared with traditional springs and rubber buffers, hydraulic oil 201 has good fluidity and incompressibility, which can achieve smooth transmission and absorption of buffering force. The hydraulic buffer method can adapt to high-frequency counter-impact conditions. Hydraulic oil 201 will not suffer from elastic fatigue, aging, deformation or breakage like springs and rubber, effectively avoiding the failure of buffer components, reducing equipment maintenance costs, reducing downtime for maintenance, and improving the continuity and efficiency of rock drilling operations.

[0044] When the drill bit 4 generates a counter-impact, the counter-impact force will push the buffer ring 3 to move the buffer plug 301 into the buffer chamber 2. At this time, the hydraulic oil 201 in the buffer chamber 2 is squeezed and transported to the oil supply line. During the flow of the hydraulic oil 201, the kinetic energy of the counter-impact is converted into internal energy, thereby effectively buffering and consuming the counter-impact force and preventing the counter-impact force from being directly transmitted to the impact mechanism and other core components of the rock drill, thereby reducing component wear and extending the service life of the rock drill.

[0045] Meanwhile, after the external force is removed, the oil supply line can automatically replenish oil to the buffer chamber 2, push the buffer plug 301 to reset and terminate the oil replenishment, forming a complete cycle between buffering and reset. No additional drive mechanism is required, which simplifies the overall structure and reduces the manufacturing cost of the equipment.

[0046] As the front end of the impact cylinder, the buffer cylinder 1 eliminates the need for a separate mounting structure, reducing the number of components and saving installation space. Furthermore, the piston rod 5 and the drill bit 4 slide within the impact chamber 101 and collide, ensuring the normal operation of the rock drilling work. Simultaneously, the buffer structure is organically integrated with the rock drilling structure, improving the device's integration and operational stability.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, the buffer cylinder 1 includes a cylinder body 102 and a piston sleeve 103. The cylinder body 102 has a small-diameter cavity 109 and a large-diameter cavity 108 connected axially in sequence. The diameter of the large-diameter cavity 108 is larger than the diameter of the small-diameter cavity 109. The rod tail 4 is inserted into the small-diameter cavity 109. The piston sleeve 103 is annular and can be detachably installed in the large-diameter cavity 108. The front end of the piston sleeve 103 is spaced apart from the connecting surfaces of the small-diameter cavity 109 and the large-diameter cavity 108. The inner cavity of the piston sleeve 103, the small-diameter cavity 109, and the large-diameter cavity 108 are partially connected to form an impact cavity 101. The piston rod 5 is inserted into the piston sleeve 103.

[0048] The cylinder body 102 of the buffer cylinder 1 is configured as a combination structure of a small-diameter cavity 109 and a large-diameter cavity 108. This allows for the reasonable allocation of the internal space of the cylinder body 102 according to the movement trajectory and size requirements of the piston rod 5 and the drill bit 4. The small-diameter cavity 109 can accommodate the sliding of the drill bit 4, while the large-diameter cavity 108 provides sufficient space for the installation of the piston sleeve 103, ensuring the smooth reciprocating movement of the piston rod 5 and the drill bit 4, thereby ensuring the synchronous and stable operation of rock drilling and buffering operations.

[0049] The piston sleeve 103 is detachably installed in the large-diameter cavity 108. When the piston sleeve 103 is worn or damaged, it can be directly disassembled and replaced, which greatly reduces the maintenance difficulty and cost and shortens the maintenance time.

[0050] The front end of the piston sleeve 103 is spaced apart from the connecting surfaces of the small-diameter cavity 109 and the large-diameter cavity 108. This spacing provides reserved space for the buffer ring 3 to slide with the drill bit 4.

[0051] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the piston sleeve 103 includes a sleeve body 105 and a mounting ring 106. The outer diameter of the sleeve body 105 is smaller than the diameter of the large-diameter cavity 108. The sleeve body 105 is inserted into the large-diameter cavity 108, and the gap between the sleeve body 105 and the side wall of the large-diameter cavity 108 forms a buffer cavity 2. The mounting ring 106 is located at one end of the sleeve body 105. The outer diameter of the mounting ring 106 is the same as the diameter of the large-diameter cavity 108. The mounting ring 106 is inserted into the large-diameter cavity 108, and the mounting ring 106 is fixed to the cylinder body 102 of the buffer cylinder 1 by bolts.

[0052] The outer diameter of the sleeve 105 is smaller than the diameter of the large-diameter cavity 108. After being inserted into the large-diameter cavity 108, a buffer cavity 2 is naturally formed between the sleeve 105 and the side wall of the large-diameter cavity 108. There is no need to open an additional buffer cavity 2 structure, which simplifies the processing technology of the buffer cylinder 1 and reduces the processing cost.

[0053] The outer diameter of the mounting ring 106 is the same as the diameter of the large diameter cavity 108. After being inserted into the large diameter cavity 108, it can achieve precise positioning of the piston sleeve 103 in the large diameter cavity 108, avoid the piston sleeve 103 from shifting or shaking during operation, and ensure the stability of the buffer operation.

[0054] The mounting ring 106 is fixed to the cylinder body 102 of the buffer cylinder 1 by bolts. Specifically, in this embodiment, the outer wall of the mounting ring 106 is provided with a plurality of radially arranged first threaded holes, and the cylinder body 102 is provided with a plurality of radially arranged second threaded holes along the large diameter cavity 108. The first threaded holes and the second threaded holes correspond one-to-one, and the bolts are screwed into the corresponding first threaded holes and second threaded holes, so that the mounting ring 106 is fixed relative to the cylinder body 102.

[0055] Bolted connections are characterized by strong connections and easy disassembly. They can ensure the installation stability of piston sleeve 103 under high-frequency counter-impact conditions, prevent piston sleeve 103 from falling off, and facilitate subsequent disassembly, maintenance and replacement of piston sleeve 103.

[0056] Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned screw connection method, a first thread can be arranged on the outer wall of the mounting ring 106, and a matching second thread can be arranged on the side wall of the first large diameter cavity 108, so that the mounting ring 106 can be screwed into the large diameter cavity 108, and the piston sleeve 103 can be detachably arranged on the cylinder body 102.

[0057] In addition, the buffer chamber 2 is arranged in a ring around the impact chamber 101, which can achieve all-round buffering of the counter-impact force of the drill bit 4, avoid local wear of components caused by uneven buffering force, further improve the buffering effect, and extend the service life of the core components of the rock drill.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, the outer wall of the sleeve 105 is provided with multiple partition plates 202, which divide the buffer chamber 2 into multiple buffer sub-chambers. The multiple buffer sub-chambers include multiple first buffer sub-chambers 203 and multiple second buffer sub-chambers 204. The first buffer sub-chambers 203 are connected to the high-pressure oil supply pipeline of the rock drill impact mechanism, and the second buffer sub-chambers 204 are connected to the low-pressure oil return pipeline of the rock drill impact mechanism.

[0059] This partitioned design enables the diversion control of hydraulic oil 201, improving the accuracy and stability of buffering. When the drill bit 4 generates a back impact, the buffer plug 301 pushes the hydraulic oil 201 in the buffer sub-cavity to flow. The first buffer sub-cavity 203 is connected to the high-pressure oil supply line, which can transport the squeezed high-pressure oil to the high-pressure oil supply line to realize energy recovery and utilization, while avoiding the decrease in buffering effect caused by the accumulation of hydraulic oil 201. The second buffer sub-cavity 204 is connected to the low-pressure oil return line, which can promptly return the buffered low-pressure oil to the return line to ensure the circulation of oil.

[0060] The partition plate 202 can also enhance the structural strength of the sleeve 105, prevent the sleeve 105 from deforming or being damaged under high-frequency hydraulic impact, and extend the service life of the piston sleeve 103.

[0061] In addition, different buffer sub-cavities correspond to high-pressure and low-pressure oil circuits respectively, which can realize reasonable adjustment of hydraulic pressure during the buffering process, ensure stable output of buffering force, further optimize the buffering effect, and reduce the damage of the rock drill to the back impact force.

[0062] In this embodiment, the first buffer sub-cavity 203 and the second buffer sub-cavity 204 are both uniformly arranged along the circumference of the large-diameter cavity 108, and the first buffer sub-cavity 203 and the second buffer sub-cavity 204 are arranged alternately.

[0063] By arranging the first buffer sub-cavity 203 and the second buffer sub-cavity 204 evenly along the circumference of the large-diameter cavity 108, the buffer force of the buffer cavity 2 in the circumferential direction can be more uniform, avoiding excessive or insufficient local buffer force due to uneven arrangement of the buffer sub-cavities. This ensures that the buffer force on the drill bit 4 is distributed in all directions and evenly, thereby effectively offsetting the counter-impact force and preventing the drill bit 4 and piston rod 5 from deflecting and wearing due to uneven force, thus extending their service life.

[0064] Meanwhile, the evenly distributed buffer sub-cavities enable the hydraulic oil 201 to flow more smoothly, preventing the oil from generating eddies or accumulating in the buffer cavity 2, reducing the oil flow resistance, improving the buffer response speed, and ensuring that the buffer device can play a timely buffering role under high-frequency counter-impact conditions, preventing the counter-impact force from being transmitted to other parts of the rock drill.

[0065] In addition, the circumferentially uniformly arranged structure can make the overall force of the buffer device more balanced, reduce local stress concentration in components such as buffer cylinder 1 and piston sleeve 103, avoid fatigue damage to components due to long-term stress concentration, improve the overall structural stability and durability of the buffer device, and further reduce equipment maintenance costs and downtime.

[0066] like Figure 3 As shown, multiple buffer plugs 301 are provided, and each buffer plug 301 corresponds to a buffer sub-cavity. The buffer plug 301 is inserted into the corresponding buffer sub-cavity. This enables precise matching between the buffer plug 301 and the buffer sub-cavity, ensuring that each buffer sub-cavity can play an independent buffering role, and avoiding problems such as uneven distribution of buffering force and reduced buffering effect caused by a single buffer plug 301 corresponding to multiple buffer sub-cavities.

[0067] When the drill bit 4 generates a counter-impact, the buffer ring 3 drives all the buffer plugs 301 to move synchronously into the corresponding buffer sub-cavities. Each buffer plug 301 squeezes the hydraulic oil 201 in the corresponding buffer sub-cavity, so that multiple buffer sub-cavities can play a buffering role at the same time, disperse the buffer pressure, and improve the overall buffering capacity and load-bearing capacity of the buffer device, so as to better cope with high-frequency and high-intensity counter-impact conditions.

[0068] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the tail end of the drill bit 4 is provided with a first fixing section 401, and the buffer ring 3 is provided with a second fixing section 302. The second fixing section 302 is cylindrical, and the outer diameter of the second fixing section 302 is the same as the diameter of the small diameter cavity 109. The first fixing section 401 is inserted into the second fixing section 302, and the first fixing section 401 and the second fixing section 302 are fixed by bolts.

[0069] This connection method enables a firm connection between the drill bit 4 and the buffer ring 3, ensuring that the buffer ring 3 can move synchronously with the drill bit 4 under high-frequency counter-impact conditions, avoiding relative sliding or loosening between the two, and ensuring that the buffering force can be transmitted to the buffer plug 301 in a timely manner, thus guaranteeing the stability of the buffering effect.

[0070] The cylindrical second fixing section 302 can fully wrap around the first fixing section 401, improving the stability and coaxiality of the connection, preventing the shank 4 from deviating after connecting with the buffer ring 3, ensuring that the buffer plug 301 can be accurately aligned with the buffer sub-cavity, preventing the buffer plug 301 from rubbing or getting stuck with the side wall of the buffer sub-cavity, reducing component wear, and extending the service life of the buffer plug 301 and the buffer ring 3.

[0071] Bolt fixing is characterized by strong connection and easy disassembly. It can withstand the tensile and impact forces brought by the counter-impact, prevent the connection from falling off, and facilitate the subsequent disassembly, maintenance and replacement of the buffer ring 3, as well as the inspection of the drill bit 4, thus reducing the difficulty and cost of maintenance.

[0072] Combination Figures 3 to 9 As shown, multiple third threaded holes are provided on the first fixed section 401, and multiple fourth threaded holes are provided on the second fixed section 302. The third and fourth threaded holes correspond one-to-one, and bolts are screwed into the corresponding third and fourth threaded holes, thereby fixing the first fixed section 401 and the second fixed section 302. Here, the fourth threaded holes are countersunk holes, allowing the bolt nuts to be embedded in the countersunk holes, preventing the bolts from interfering with the small-diameter cavity 109.

[0073] Combination Figures 5 to 9 As shown, a rubber pad 107 is provided on the connecting end face of the large-diameter cavity 108 and the small-diameter cavity 109. This prevents rigid collision between the buffer ring 3 and the connecting end face, avoids wear and deformation caused by the collision, and extends the service life of the buffer ring 3 and the buffer cylinder 1.

[0074] Meanwhile, the rubber pad 107 can also reduce noise and vibration generated during the buffering process, improve the working environment of rock drilling operations, reduce the impact of vibration on other parts of the rock drill, and further improve the operational stability of the equipment.

[0075] In this embodiment, a one-way plate 205 is provided in the buffer sub-cavity, which divides the buffer sub-cavity into a first one-way cavity 207 and a second one-way cavity 208. A one-way hole 206 is provided on the one-way plate 205, and the first one-way cavity 207 and the second one-way cavity 208 are connected through the one-way hole 206. A buffer plug 301 is inserted into the first one-way cavity 207, and a one-way plug 211 is slidably provided in the second one-way cavity 208. When there is no external force, the one-way plug 211 is pressed against the one-way plate 205 and blocks the one-way hole 206. One end of the buffer ring 3 is spaced apart from the rubber pad 107, and the other end of the buffer ring 3 is spaced apart from the top end of the sleeve 105.

[0076] This structural design enables unidirectional flow control of the buffer oil, optimizing the stability of the buffering and reset processes. When the drill bit 4 generates a back impact, the buffer plug 301 moves towards the one-way plate 205, squeezing the hydraulic oil 201 in the first one-way chamber 207. At this time, the pressure of the hydraulic oil 201 increases, pushing the one-way plug 211 away from the one-way plate 205, opening the one-way hole 206. The hydraulic oil 201 flows into the second one-way chamber 208 through the one-way hole 206, thereby transmitting the pressure to the corresponding oil supply line or oil return line, achieving buffering of the back impact force and energy consumption.

[0077] When the external force is removed, the oil supply line replenishes oil to the buffer chamber 2. The oil enters the second one-way chamber 208 and pushes the one-way plug 211 against the one-way plate 205, sealing the one-way hole 206. At this time, the oil can only push the buffer plug 301 to reset until the buffer plug 301 returns to its initial position. The oil replenishment stops due to the sealing of the one-way hole 206, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the reset process and avoiding excessive oil replenishment that could lead to over-reset or under-reset of the buffer plug 301, thus ensuring the smooth operation of the buffer cycle.

[0078] Without external force, the buffer ring 3 is spaced apart from the top of the rubber pad 107 and the sleeve 105, which provides sufficient travel space for the movement of the buffer ring 3, avoids interference between the buffer ring 3 and other components during buffering or reset, and ensures the smoothness of the buffering action.

[0079] Finally, the cylinder body 102 is also provided with an anti-interference cavity 209, which is located on one side of the first one-way cavity 207 and is connected to the first one-way cavity 207. The anti-interference cavity 209 is filled with hydraulic oil 201, and the anti-interference cavity 209 is connected to the external space of the cylinder body 102 through a vent valve 210. The hydraulic oil 201 in the anti-interference cavity 209 can be injected into the buffer cavity 2 or withdrawn from the buffer cavity 2 due to the sliding of the corresponding buffer plug 301.

[0080] This structural design effectively solves the interference problem during the sliding process of the buffer plug 301. For example... Figure 6 As shown, when the piston rod 5 strikes the drill bit 4, the drill bit 4 tends to extend outwards, and at the same time, the anti-interference cavity is filled with hydraulic oil 201. Figure 7 As shown, during the outward sliding of the drill bit 4, the hydraulic oil 201 in the anti-interference cavity 209 is drawn into the first one-way cavity 207. Due to the presence of the vent valve 210, outside air enters the anti-interference cavity 209, preventing the hydraulic oil 201 in the first one-way cavity 207 from exerting excessive pulling force on the buffer plug 301 and hindering normal rock drilling operations.

[0081] like Figure 8As shown, when the buffer plug 301 moves toward the one-way plate 205, the hydraulic oil 201 in the first one-way chamber 207 preferentially enters the anti-interference chamber 209 to expel the air in the anti-interference chamber 209. Due to the characteristic that the vent valve 210 can only allow air to pass through and not the hydraulic oil 201, leakage of the hydraulic oil 201 in the first one-way chamber 207 can be effectively prevented. At this time, the buffer plug 301 continues to slide toward the one-way plate 205, transmitting pressure to the one-way plug 211 and the hydraulic oil 201 on the other side of the one-way plug 211. At the same time, the one-way plug 211 also slides to the other side, delivering part of the hydraulic oil 201 in the second one-way chamber 208 to the oil supply pipe or the oil return pipe, converting the kinetic energy of the counter-impact into the power to drive the piston rod 5 or the power to return oil, thereby achieving buffering of the drill bit 4.

[0082] like Figure 9 As shown, when the rod tip 4 completes the buffering, the hydraulic oil 201 in the oil supply line and return line has a certain pressure, which will push the one-way plug 211 to slide towards the one-way plate 205, and then push the buffer plug 301 to slide until the one-way plug 211 blocks the one-way hole 206, thereby realizing the reset of the rod tip, and waiting for the next impact of the piston rod 5.

[0083] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a rock drill, which includes the above-mentioned buffer device.

[0084] The rock drill provided by this invention employs the aforementioned buffer device, using hydraulic oil as the buffer medium. Compared to traditional springs and rubber buffers, hydraulic oil has excellent fluidity and incompressibility, enabling the smooth transmission and absorption of buffering forces. The hydraulic buffer method can adapt to high-frequency counter-impact conditions. Unlike springs and rubber, hydraulic oil does not suffer from elastic fatigue, aging, deformation, or breakage, effectively preventing buffer component failure, reducing equipment maintenance costs, minimizing downtime, and improving the continuity and efficiency of rock drilling operations.

[0085] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A buffer device, characterized in that, include: The buffer cylinder (1) is the front end of the impact cylinder of the rock drill. The buffer cylinder (1) is provided with an impact chamber (101). The front end of the piston rod (5) and the drill bit (4) of the rock drill are axially slidably disposed in the impact chamber (101) and can collide with each other in the impact chamber (101). The buffer cylinder (1) is provided with a buffer chamber (2). The buffer chamber (2) is coaxially arranged with the impact chamber (101) and the buffer chamber (2) is independent of the impact chamber (101). One end of the buffer chamber (2) is connected to the oil circuit of the impact mechanism of the rock drill. The buffer chamber (2) is provided with hydraulic oil (201). A buffer ring (3) is connected at one end to the rod tail (4), and a buffer plug (301) is provided at the other end of the buffer ring (3). The buffer plug (301) is partially inserted into the buffer cavity (2). When the rod tip (4) retracts through the buffer ring (3) to reduce the volume of the buffer chamber (2) under the action of external force, the buffer chamber (2) supplies oil to the oil supply line; when the external force is removed, the oil supply line replenishes oil to the buffer chamber (2) and pushes the buffer plug (301) to reset. The buffer cylinder (1) includes a cylinder body (102) and a piston sleeve (103). The cylinder body (102) has a small diameter cavity (109) and a large diameter cavity (108) connected axially in sequence. The diameter of the large diameter cavity (108) is larger than the diameter of the small diameter cavity (109). The rod tip (4) is inserted into the small diameter cavity (109). The piston sleeve (103) is annular and is detachably disposed in the large-diameter cavity (108). The front end of the piston sleeve (103) is spaced apart from the connecting surfaces of the small-diameter cavity (109) and the large-diameter cavity (108). The inner cavity of the piston sleeve (103), the small-diameter cavity (109), and the large-diameter cavity (108) are partially connected to form the impact cavity (101). The piston rod (5) is inserted into the piston sleeve (103). The piston sleeve (103) includes a sleeve body (105) and a mounting ring (106). The outer wall of the sleeve (105) is provided with multiple partition plates (202), which divide the buffer cavity (2) into multiple buffer sub-cavities. The multiple buffer sub-cavities include multiple first buffer sub-cavities (203) and multiple second buffer sub-cavities (204). The first buffer sub-cavities (203) are connected to the high-pressure oil supply pipeline of the rock drill impact mechanism, and the second buffer sub-cavities (204) are connected to the low-pressure oil return pipeline of the rock drill impact mechanism. The first buffer sub-cavity (203) and the second buffer sub-cavity (204) are both uniformly arranged along the circumference of the large diameter cavity (108), and the first buffer sub-cavity (203) and the second buffer sub-cavity (204) are arranged alternately.

2. The buffer device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the sleeve (105) is smaller than the diameter of the large-diameter cavity (108). The sleeve (105) is inserted into the large-diameter cavity (108). The gap between the sleeve (105) and the side wall of the large-diameter cavity (108) forms the buffer cavity (2). The mounting ring (106) is located at one end of the sleeve (105). The outer diameter of the mounting ring (106) is the same as the diameter of the large diameter cavity (108). The mounting ring (106) is inserted into the large diameter cavity (108), and the mounting ring (106) is fixed to the cylinder body (102) of the buffer cylinder (1) by bolts.

3. The buffer device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple buffer plugs (301) are provided, and each buffer plug (301) corresponds to a buffer sub-cavity. The buffer plug (301) is inserted into the corresponding buffer sub-cavity.

4. The buffer device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tail end of the drill bit (4) is provided with a first fixing section (401), and the buffer ring (3) is provided with a second fixing section (302). The second fixing section (302) is cylindrical, and the outer diameter of the second fixing section (302) is the same as the diameter of the small diameter cavity (109). The first fixing section (401) is inserted into the second fixing section (302), and the first fixing section (401) and the second fixing section (302) are fixed by bolts.

5. The buffer device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A rubber pad (107) is provided on the connecting end face of the large-diameter cavity (108) and the small-diameter cavity (109). The buffer sub-cavity is provided with a one-way plate (205), which divides the buffer sub-cavity into a first one-way cavity (207) and a second one-way cavity (208). The one-way plate (205) is provided with a one-way hole (206), and the first one-way cavity (207) and the second one-way cavity (208) are connected through the one-way hole (206). The buffer plug (301) is inserted into the first one-way cavity (207), and the one-way plug (211) is slidably provided in the second one-way cavity (208). When no external force is applied, the one-way plug (211) presses against the one-way plate (205) and blocks the one-way hole (206), and one end of the buffer ring (3) is spaced apart from the rubber pad (107), and the other end of the buffer ring (3) is spaced apart from the top of the sleeve (105).

6. The buffer device as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The cylinder body (102) is also provided with an anti-interference cavity (209), which is located on one side of the first one-way cavity (207) and communicates with the first one-way cavity (207); the anti-interference cavity (209) is filled with hydraulic oil (201), and the anti-interference cavity (209) is connected to the external space of the cylinder body (102) through a vent valve (210). The hydraulic oil (201) in the anti-interference cavity (209) can be injected into the buffer cavity (2) or withdrawn from the buffer cavity (2) due to the sliding of the corresponding buffer plug (301).

7. A rock drill, characterized in that, It has a buffer device as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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