A loading device of a shaped charge tube in a blast hole and a method for controlling a shaped charge slit direction

Abstract

The application relates to a loading device of a shaped charge tube in a blasting hole and a shaped charge slit direction control method, and belongs to the technical field of open blasting. The technical scheme is as follows: a telescopic rod (1) is composed of multiple telescopic sleeves which are connected through threads or buckles, multiple axial holes (8) are arranged on the wall of each telescopic sleeve along the axial direction, a control button (5) is arranged on the first sleeve, and a ring-shaped hole (9) is arranged on the last sleeve; a control rod (4) is a synchronous telescopic rod connected with the telescopic rod (1), the control button (5) and multiple blocking pieces (6) are respectively elastically connected with the control rod (4) through return springs (7), the blocking pieces (6) are matched with the axial holes (8), and a ring-shaped blocking piece (10) is matched with the ring-shaped hole (9) on the last sleeve. The application has the beneficial effects that the actual blasting hole depth can be accurately adjusted, and the shaped charge tube is prevented from being displaced or falling off due to vibration and impact in the blasting process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a device for filling a shaped charge tube in a blast hole and a method for controlling the direction of the shaped charge joint, belonging to the field of open-pit blasting technology. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous development of the economy and society, the demand for mineral resources has been increasing. Deep-hole bench blasting, due to its high production efficiency, good economic benefits, and ease of large-scale production, has been widely used in open-pit ore mining. However, existing shaped charge tube structures for blast holes lack sufficient flexibility and adaptability when dealing with blast holes of different depths and geological conditions. Traditional shaped charge tube structures often employ fixed length and fixed pore size designs, making it difficult to precisely adjust them according to the actual depth of the blast hole and the characteristics of the rock mass. This not only affects the consistency and accuracy of the blasting effect but also increases the complexity and cost of blasting operations. Furthermore, during the blasting process, the shaped charge tube is prone to displacement or detachment due to vibration and impact, further affecting the blasting effect and potentially causing safety accidents.

[0003] Therefore, developing a nested internal structure and control method for shaped charge tubes that can flexibly adapt to different blasting conditions, ensure accurate and consistent blasting effects, and is easy to operate has become an urgent problem to be solved in the field of open-pit blasting technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for loading a shaped charge tube into a blast hole and a method for controlling the direction of the shaped charge slot, which can be precisely adjusted according to the actual depth of the blast hole, so as to avoid the shaped charge tube from shifting or falling off due to vibration and impact during the blasting process, thus solving the problems existing in the background art.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: A device for loading a shaped charge tube into a blast hole includes a telescopic rod, a control rod, a control button, baffles, and a return spring. The telescopic rod is composed of multiple telescopic sleeves connected by threads or snaps. Each telescopic sleeve has multiple axial holes along its axis on its wall. The first sleeve has a control button, and the last sleeve has circumferential holes. The control rod is a synchronous telescopic rod connected to the telescopic rod and is coaxially arranged in the internal cavity of the telescopic rod. The control button and multiple baffles on the first sleeve are elastically connected to the control rod through return springs. The multiple baffles cooperate with the multiple axial holes along their axis on the wall of each telescopic sleeve. An annular baffle is arranged on the control rod and cooperates with the circumferential holes on the last sleeve.

[0006] The telescopic rod consists of 3 to 6 sections. Each section of the telescopic sleeve has multiple axial holes along its axial direction on its tube wall. These holes are radially distributed on the circumference of the telescopic rod at 45° intervals. The distance between two adjacent axial holes is 30 to 50 mm. The length of each axial hole is 200 to 300 mm, and the width is 4 to 8 mm.

[0007] The end sleeve has three circumferential holes with a spacing of 5-10 mm.

[0008] The baffle plate is a semi-ellipse that matches the axial pore.

[0009] The axial pores and annular pores are the same size as the energy-concentrating slots of the outer energy-concentrating tube and are positioned accordingly.

[0010] The central axis of the axial aperture, baffle plate, and control rod is on the same plane as the energy-concentrating slot of the energy-concentrating tube.

[0011] A method for controlling the direction of the shaped charge slot in a shaped charge tube in a blast hole employs a loading device for the shaped charge tube as defined above. First, based on the actual depth of the blast hole, the telescopic rod is adjusted to the required length, aligning the annular baffle with the annular opening and causing it to pop out quickly, thus locking the length of the telescopic rod. Next, the position of the baffle on the telescopic rod is adjusted by operating the control button on the control rod, ensuring that the baffle corresponds one-to-one with the axial opening on the telescopic rod, and causing the baffle to pop out radially into the axial gap quickly. Then, the control button is pressed to retract the baffle, and the entire loading device in the retracted state is inserted into the shaped charge tube. Finally, ensuring that both the axial opening and the annular opening on the telescopic rod are aligned with the shaped charge slot of the outer shaped charge tube, the control button is pressed to adjust the position of the baffle and cause it to pop out, engaging the shaped charge slot and tightly abutting against the inner wall of the shaped charge tube.

[0012] During disassembly, press the control button again to retract the baffle plate, causing it to retract back into the telescopic rod from the energy-concentrating seam. Then, pull the filling device out of the energy-concentrating tube as a whole.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) This invention achieves accurate placement of the energy-concentrating tube and ensures that the baffle plate can be accurately aligned and inserted into the energy-concentrating seam through "coplanar design", which completely solves the problem of the energy-concentrating tube rotating in the hole and ensures the accuracy of the energy-concentrating direction; (2) The telescopic rod structure can flexibly adapt to blasting holes of different depths, and has good versatility; (3) The one-button control realizes the synchronous, fast locking and release of all baffles, which greatly simplifies the operation process, improves installation efficiency and reduces labor intensity; (4) The overall structure is made of high-strength corrosion-resistant materials, which are suitable for long-term repeated use in harsh environments such as underground mines.

[0014] (5) The control method of the present invention is simple and easy to implement. The assembly and fixation of the filling device can be completed by adjusting the length of the telescopic rod and adjusting the position of the baffle plate, which greatly simplifies the operation process and improves work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a plan view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a plan view of the end sleeve of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the control lever of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention in conjunction with a focusing tube; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the linkage principle between the control button and the baffle plate of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Telescopic rod; 2. Secondary telescopic sleeve; 3. End sleeve (tertiary telescopic sleeve); 4. Control rod; 5. Control button; 6. Partition plate; 7. Return spring; 8. Axial aperture; 9. Annular aperture; 10. Annular partition plate; 11. Energy-concentrating tube; 12. Energy-concentrating slot; 13. Main drive rod; 14. L-shaped lever; 15. Small connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0017] See attached document Figure 1-7 A device for loading a shaped charge tube into a blast hole includes a telescopic rod 1, a control rod 4, a control button 5, baffles 6, and a return spring 7. The telescopic rod 1 is composed of multiple telescopic sleeves connected by threads or snaps. Each telescopic sleeve has multiple axial holes 8 along its axial direction on its tube wall. The first sleeve has a control button 5, and the last sleeve has an circumferential hole 9. The control rod 4 is a synchronous telescopic rod connected to the telescopic rod 1. The control rod 4 is coaxially arranged in the internal cavity of the telescopic rod 1. The control button 5 and multiple baffles 6 on the first sleeve are elastically connected to the control rod 4 through the return spring 7. The multiple baffles 6 cooperate with the multiple axial holes 8 along their axial direction on the tube wall of each telescopic sleeve. An annular baffle 10 is arranged on the control rod 4 and cooperates with the circumferential hole 9 on the last sleeve.

[0018] In this embodiment, Figure 1-5 As shown, this energy-concentrating tube filling device includes a telescopic rod 1, a control rod 4, and a baffle plate 6, wherein: The telescopic rod 1 serves as the main support frame, consisting of multiple telescopic sleeve sections connected by threads or snaps. It can be axially adjusted for extension and retraction according to the actual depth of the blasting hole. This embodiment uses a three-section telescopic sleeve. The diameter of both the telescopic rod 1 and each section of the telescopic sleeve is 140–320 mm, and the length of each section is 1.5–2.0 m, totaling 3–6 sections. The telescopic rod 1 can reach a length of 12 m, making it fully adaptable to different types of shaped charge tubes used in deep-hole bench blasting in open-pit mines. Multiple axial holes 8 are sequentially opened along the axial direction of the tube wall from top to bottom for the ejection of the baffle plate 6. The axial holes 8 are radially distributed at 45° intervals on the circumference of the telescopic rod 1 and axially distributed along the telescopic direction of the control rod 4. The distance between two adjacent axial holes 8 is 30-50 mm, the length of the axial holes 8 is 200-300 mm, and the width is 4-8 mm. At the bottom of the last section of the sleeve 3, there are three layers of circumferential holes 9. Each layer has three circumferential holes 9 evenly distributed in a ring, with a spacing of 5-10 mm, which facilitates the ejection and fixation of the annular baffle plate 10. This design is mainly for the annular energy-concentrating seam of the annular energy-concentrating tube and the semi-annular energy-concentrating tube.

[0019] The control lever 4 is coaxially mounted in the internal cavity of the telescopic rod 1, and a control button 5 is provided at its top. The control lever 4 is preferably a telescopic rigid rod and is connected to the outer telescopic rod 1, allowing it to extend and retract synchronously with the telescopic rod 1. Multiple baffles 6 are distributed along the axial direction of the control lever 4 and are elastically connected to the control lever 4 via a return spring 7. The baffles 6 are radially distributed at 45° intervals around the circumference of the control lever 4 and axially distributed along the extension and retraction direction of the control lever 4, ensuring that baffles 6 are distributed symmetrically about the central axis. The distance between adjacent baffles 6 distributed in the same direction is approximately 0.12–0.16 m, and the axial distance between adjacent baffles 6 in different directions is approximately 30–50 mm. At the bottom of the control lever 4, there are three rows of circumferential baffles 10, corresponding to the aforementioned circumferential holes 9. The ends of the baffles 6 are semi-elliptical in shape, with a length of 200–250 mm and a thickness of 4–6 mm. The axial pore 8 and the annular pore 9 are the same size and corresponding in position to the energy-concentrating slot 12 of the outer energy-concentrating tube 11.

[0020] Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the control button 5 protrudes slightly from the top of the first section of the telescopic rod 1 in its initial state, forming an easy-to-press operating end. A guide structure is also provided between the control rod 4 and the inner wall of the telescopic rod 1. This structure can be a key and keyway fit to prevent the control rod 4 from rotating during operation. This structure is a common structure and is not shown separately in the figure.

[0021] Figure 1 , 3As shown in Figure 5, the pop-out mechanism of the partition plate 6 and the annular partition plate 10 is based on the lever principle. Specifically, the control button 5 acts as the power arm of the lever, and its downward action is transmitted through the control rod 4; the partition plate 6 and the annular partition plate 10 act as resistance arms, and can be radially popped out through the axial aperture 8 and the annular aperture 9 under the drive of the return spring 7. The return spring 7 is initially in a compressed state, providing power for the pop-out of the partition plate 6 and the annular partition plate 10. When it is necessary to retract the partition plate 6 and the annular partition plate 10, pressing down the control button 5 can overcome the spring force and retract them back into the telescopic rod 1.

[0022] Figure 1 As shown, the telescopic rod 1 and control rod 4 are made of corrosion-resistant, high-strength PVC material, ensuring their long-term durability in the harsh environment of blasting. The end shape of the baffle plate 6 is designed as a semi-ellipse, and its material strength is lower than that of the inner wall of the energy-concentrating tube. This fit can effectively prevent damage and destruction to the inner wall of the energy-concentrating tube during clamping and retraction.

[0023] The central axes of the axial aperture 8, the energy-concentrating slot 12 of the outer energy-concentrating tube 11, the baffle plate 6, and the control rod 4 are all in the same plane, i.e., "coplanar design".

[0024] Figure 6 As shown, after fine adjustment and ensuring that the axial gap 8 and annular gap 9 on the telescopic rod 1 are aligned with the preset energy-concentrating slot 12 on the outer wall of the energy-concentrating tube 11, press the control button 5 so that the baffle plate 6 can be radially ejected through the axial gap 8 again. Its end is precisely inserted into the energy-concentrating slot 12 of the energy-concentrating tube 11 and tightly abuts against the inner wall of the energy-concentrating tube 11, thereby completing the fixing and installation of the entire filling device and the energy-concentrating tube, while preventing the energy-concentrating tube from shifting or falling off during the blasting process.

[0025] This three-point collinear design of "barrier plate-pore-shaped energy seam" (at least two symmetrically distributed barrier plates 6 on the same cross section are engaged with the corresponding shaped energy seam 12) ensures the directional stability of the shaped energy tube in the blast hole. The circumferential shaped energy seam (circumferential shaped energy tube, semi-circular shaped energy tube) is locked by the annular barrier plates 10 corresponding to the three layers of circumferential pores 9 at the end of the telescopic rod. The annular barrier plates 10 and the circumferential shaped energy seam are engaged one-to-one to ensure the accurate blasting direction at the bottom of the shaped energy tube.

[0026] The baffle plate 6 not only provides radial support to prevent the shaped charge tube from shaking, but also achieves absolute circumferential locking by embedding it into the shaped charge slot, completely solving the technical problem of the shaped charge tube rotating and shifting during blasting vibration.

[0027] Figure 7As shown, the linkage mechanism between control button 5, partition plate 6, and annular partition plate 10 achieves "one-button synchronous control". Control rod 4 is a hollow tubular structure with a main drive rod 13 arranged axially inside. One end is fixed to control button 5, and multiple small connecting rods 15 are hinged to the outside. Each partition plate 6 is connected to an L-shaped lever 14: the short arm end of the lever is connected to the inner side of partition plate 6, and the long arm end is hinged to the main drive rod 13 through the small connecting rod 15. The fulcrum is fixed to the inner wall of the control rod. The return spring 7 is connected between the long arm end of the lever and the inner wall of the control rod, and is initially compressed. When control button 5 is released, the compressed return spring 7 pushes the main drive rod 13 to move towards control button 5. The main drive rod 13 drives the long arm end of the L-shaped lever 14 to move through the small connecting rod 15. The lever mechanism amplifies the force at the short arm end, driving all partition plates 6 to pop out radially synchronously, and synchronously driving the annular partition plate 10. When control button 5 is pressed, the manually applied force moves the main drive rod 13 inward toward the control rod 4. The main drive rod 13 pulls the long arm of the L-shaped lever 14 through the small connecting rod 15. The short arm of the lever overcomes the spring force, pulling the baffle plate 6 and the annular baffle plate 10 back synchronously. This design significantly simplifies the operation process. The operator only needs to control one button with one hand to complete the switching of all baffle plate states, greatly improving loading efficiency and reducing labor intensity. It is particularly suitable for working environments with limited space, such as downholes.

[0028] Figure 1-5 As shown, the method for controlling the direction of the shaped charge slot in this shaped charge tube loading device is as follows: First, according to the actual depth of the blast hole, the telescopic rod 1 is stretched to the required length, so that the annular baffle 10 corresponds to the annular gap 9 and pops out quickly, thereby locking the length; then, by operating the control button 5 on the control lever 4, the specific position of the baffle 6 on the telescopic rod 1 is adjusted to ensure that the baffle 6 corresponds one-to-one with the axial gap 8 on the telescopic rod 1, and then each of the baffles 6 pops out radially quickly and is fixed; then, the control button 5 is pressed again to retract the baffle 6 and the annular baffle 10, and the loading device in the retracted state is assembled into the shaped charge tube and placed into the blast hole for blasting. After blasting, pressing the control button 5 retracts the baffles, and the loading device is removed for reuse.

[0029] Figure 1 As shown, during disassembly, simply press the control button 5 again to simultaneously disengage all the baffles 6 and the annular baffles 10 from the energy-concentrating slot 12 and retract them back into the telescopic rod 1. After all the baffles 6 and the annular baffles 10 have retracted, the entire filling device can be easily pulled out of the energy-concentrating tube 11 for reuse.

Claims

1. A device for loading a shaped charge tube into a blast hole, characterized in that: The device includes a telescopic rod (1), a control rod (4), a control button (5), a baffle plate (6), and a return spring (7). The telescopic rod (1) is composed of multiple telescopic sleeves connected by threads or snaps. Each telescopic sleeve has multiple axial holes (8) along its axial direction on its tube wall. The first tube has a control button (5), and the last tube has an annular hole (9). The control rod (4) is a synchronous telescopic rod connected to the telescopic rod (1). The control rod (4) is coaxially set in the internal cavity of the telescopic rod (1). The control button (5) and multiple baffle plates (6) on the first tube are elastically connected to the control rod (4) through the return spring (7). The multiple baffle plates (6) cooperate with the multiple axial holes (8) along its axial direction on the tube wall of each telescopic sleeve. An annular baffle plate (10) is set on the control rod (4), and the annular baffle plate (10) cooperates with the annular hole (9) on the last tube.

2. The device for loading a shaped charge tube into a blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic rod (1) consists of 3 to 6 sections. Each section of the telescopic sleeve has multiple axial holes (8) along its axial direction on its tube wall. These holes are radially distributed on the circumference of the telescopic rod (1) at 45° intervals. The distance between two adjacent axial holes (8) is 30 to 50 mm. The length of the axial hole (8) is 200 to 300 mm and the width is 4 to 8 mm.

3. The device for loading a shaped charge tube into a blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are three circumferential holes (9) on the last sleeve, with a spacing of 5 to 10 mm.

4. The device for loading a shaped charge tube into a blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The baffle plate (6) is a semi-ellipse that matches the axial pore (8).

5. The device for loading a shaped charge tube into a blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial pore (8) and the annular pore (9) are the same size and positional as the energy-concentrating slot (12) of the outer energy-concentrating tube (11).

6. The device for loading a shaped charge tube into a blast hole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central axis of the axial pore (8), the baffle plate (6), and the control rod (4) is on the same plane as the energy-concentrating slot (12) of the energy-concentrating tube (11).

7. A method for controlling the direction of the shaped charge slot in a shaped charge tube in a blast hole, characterized in that: Using the filling device for the shaped charge tube in the blast hole as defined in any one of claims 1-6, firstly, according to the actual depth of the blast hole, the telescopic rod (1) is adjusted to the required length so that the annular baffle (10) corresponds to the annular gap (9) and pops out quickly, thereby locking the length of the telescopic rod (1); then, by operating the control button (5) on the control lever (4), the position of the baffle (6) on the telescopic rod (1) is adjusted to ensure that the baffle (6) and the axial gap (8) on the telescopic rod (1) are aligned one-to-one. The septum (6) should be quickly ejected radially into the axial gap (8); then, press the control button (5) to retract the septum (6) and insert the entire loading device in the retracted state into the energy-concentrating tube (11); finally, ensure that the axial gap (8) and annular gap (9) on the telescopic rod (1) are aligned with the energy-concentrating slot (12) of the outer energy-concentrating tube (11), press the control button (5), adjust the position of the septum (6) and eject it, insert it into the energy-concentrating slot (12) and press it tightly against the inner wall of the energy-concentrating tube (11).

8. The method for controlling the direction of the shaped charge slot in a shaped charge tube in a blast hole according to claim 7, characterized in that: During disassembly, press the control button (5) again to retract the baffle (6), which will retract from the energy-concentrating seam (12) back into the telescopic rod (1), and then pull the filling device out of the energy-concentrating tube (11) as a whole.

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