Photonic detection system based on discrete wedge strip anode

Abstract

The present application belongs to the single photon imaging detection technical field, especially relates to a kind of photon detection system based on discrete wedge strip anode, including the vacuum seal tube formed by the window coated with photoelectric cathode, microchannel plate stack and germanium film substrate, discrete wedge strip anode placed outside the vacuum seal tube and signal processor.The present application divides the wedge or strip connected together by existing four-electrode wedge strip anode or four-wedge anode, forms independent wedge and strip, then each wedge and strip is connected to independent preamplifier circuit, and the coordinates of incident photon are obtained by the decoding algorithm of four-electrode wedge strip anode or four-wedge anode.Because wedge and strip are independent, multiple incident photons synchronously arrived can be detected in the direction perpendicular to wedge or strip, and the count rate of detector is also improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of single-photon imaging and detection technology, and particularly relates to a photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes. Background Technology

[0002] A microchannel plate (MCP) is a two-dimensional, continuous electron-multiplying vacuum electronic device used to directly detect photons, electrons, ions, alpha particles, gamma rays, and cosmic rays. If a MCP uses a position-sensitive anode (such as a wedge-strip anode, delay line anode, or cross-strip anode) as the readout method, two-dimensional imaging with single-photon sensitivity can be achieved, known as a position-sensitive anode photon counting imaging detector. Position-sensitive anode photon counting imaging detectors are widely used in space astronomy, space plasma physics, and deep space exploration. Among the many position-sensitive anodes, the wedge-strip anode (WSA) detector is used in space exploration due to its simple structure and position readout circuit. Existing four-electrode WSA and tetra-wedge anode (TWA) anode photon counting imaging detectors generally suffer from the inability to detect multiple synchronously arriving photons and low count rates. This is mainly determined by their structure and the centroid algorithm used to determine the position of incident photons. For example, in a WSA anode, the X-axis coordinates of the electron cloud's centroid are determined by a strip anode, and the Y-axis coordinates by a wedge anode. The (X, Y) coordinates are the coordinates of the incident photon. In a TWA anode, the (X, Y) coordinates of the electron cloud's centroid are determined by four sets of wedges connected together. Because all the wedges or strips that determine the position information are connected together, the pulses output by synchronously arriving photons accumulate on the wedges and strips. The position readout circuit cannot distinguish how many photons arrive synchronously and treats them all as a single photon. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a photon detection system based on discrete wedge-shaped anodes to solve the problems of existing four-electrode WSA and TWA anode photon counting imaging detectors, which are generally unable to detect multiple synchronously arriving photons and have low count rates. The present invention separates the existing four-electrode WSA or TWA anodes, which are connected together in a wedge or strip shape, into independent wedges and strips. Each wedge and strip is then connected to an independent preamplifier circuit and an analog-to-digital converter. The two-dimensional coordinates of the incident photon are then obtained through a four-wedge-strip anode decoding algorithm. Because the wedges and strips are independent, multiple synchronously arriving incident photons can be detected in the direction perpendicular to the wedge or strip, thus improving the detector's count rate.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution created by this invention is implemented as follows: A photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes includes a vacuum-sealed tube imaging detector and a signal processor. The vacuum-sealed tube imaging detector includes a vacuum-sealed tube formed by a window coated with a photocathode, a microchannel plate stack, and a germanium-coated film substrate, and discrete wedge anodes placed outside the vacuum-sealed tube and in close contact with the germanium-coated film substrate. The signal processor includes a preamplifier circuit and a data processing circuit. The sum of the number of wedges and bars of the discrete wedge anode is the same as the number of preamplifier circuits, and the output terminals of the wedges and bars of the discrete wedge anode are connected to the corresponding preamplifier circuits. The output terminals of each preamplifier circuit are connected to the input terminals of the data processing circuits. A photocathode is used to convert photons incident through a window into photoelectrons. Microchannel plate stacks are used to convert photoelectrons into electron clouds through photomultiplication. Germanium-plated film substrates are used to generate induced charge clouds on discrete wedge anodes; Discrete wedge-shaped anodes are used to receive induced electron clouds and generate corresponding short charge pulses on the wedges and bars; The preamplifier circuit is used to convert the corresponding short charge pulses into analog pulse voltage signals; The data processing circuit is used to calculate the two-dimensional coordinates of the corresponding photons based on the analog pulse voltage signals transmitted by each preamplifier circuit, and then transmits the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons to the terminal for imaging and display.

[0005] Furthermore, the germanium-plated film substrate has a continuous structure across the entire surface, completely covering the discrete wedge-shaped anodes.

[0006] Furthermore, the data processing circuit includes an analog-to-digital conversion module, a microprocessor, and a data transmission module, wherein: The analog-to-digital converter module is used to convert the analog pulse voltage signals received by each channel into digital pulse signals, and input the digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel to the microprocessor; The microprocessor performs pulse identification and effective signal filtering on the digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel, adaptively selects the shaping filter and extracts the waveform peak value according to the pulse time interval, and uses the centroid algorithm to calculate the two-dimensional coordinates of the corresponding photon. After caching the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons, it packages them and sends them to the data transmission module. The data processing module sends the packaged data transmitted by the microprocessor to the terminal for imaging and display.

[0007] Furthermore, the microprocessor includes an input buffer module, a pulse recognition module, a digital filter module, a peak extraction module, a centroid calculation module, an output buffer module, and an output control module, wherein: The input buffer module is used to buffer the digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel of the analog-to-digital converter module; The pulse recognition module is used to record the pulse time interval between adjacent digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel of the analog-to-digital converter module; The digital filter module is used to select the corresponding shaping filter for adaptive shaping filtering based on the pulse time interval corresponding to each channel of the analog-to-digital converter module. The peak extraction module is used to extract the peak values ​​of the waveforms corresponding to each channel of the analog-to-digital converter output by the digital filter module. The centroid calculation module is used to input the peak values ​​of the corresponding waveforms of each channel of the analog-to-digital conversion module into the centroid algorithm to calculate the centroid and obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of the corresponding photon. The output buffer module is used to buffer the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons output by the centroid calculation module; The output control module is used to package the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons cached by the output buffer module and send them to the data transmission module when the buffer of the output buffer module is full.

[0008] Furthermore, the shaping filter is a trapezoidal shaping filter or a Gaussian shaping filter.

[0009] Furthermore, the centroid algorithm is either the WSA anode centroid algorithm or the TWA anode centroid algorithm. The WSA anode centroid algorithm is used to calculate the centroid of the waveform peaks extracted from the channels corresponding to all bars and wedges, while the TWA anode centroid algorithm is used to calculate the centroid of the waveform peaks extracted from the channels corresponding to all wedges.

[0010] Furthermore, the preamplifier circuit includes a charge amplifier and a pole-zero cancellation circuit, wherein the charge amplifier is used to convert short charge pulses into analog pulse voltage signals, and the pole-zero cancellation circuit is used to reduce the tail length of the analog pulse voltage signals.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: The photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes described in this invention is a visible-near-infrared photocathode sealed tube imaging detector specifically designed for WSA or TWA anodes that can be divided into independent electrodes. It features a position readout circuit with data acquisition and photon counting imaging capabilities. Users can develop data acquisition programs according to their needs. This photon counting sealed tube imaging detector has the ability to detect multiple synchronously arriving photons, with a counting rate higher than existing four-WSA and TWA detectors. Furthermore, because the capacitance between the electrodes is reduced by at least an order of magnitude, the electronic noise caused by the inter-electrode capacitance is also reduced, thereby improving the spatial resolution of the detector. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the invention are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes as described in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the discrete wedge anode structure described in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the data processing circuit described in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the microprocessor structure described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Window; 2. Microchannel plate stack; 3. Germanium-plated substrate; 4. Discrete wedge anode; 41. Wedge; 42. Strip; 5. Preamplifier circuit; 6. Data processing circuit; 61. Analog-to-digital conversion module; 62. Microprocessor; 63. Data transmission module; 621. Input buffer module; 622. Pulse recognition module; 623. Digital filter module; 624. Peak extraction module; 625. Centroid calculation module; 626. Output buffer module; 627. Output control module. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0015] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0016] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0017] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0018] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes 4, including a vacuum-sealed tube imaging detector and a signal processor. The vacuum-sealed tube imaging detector includes a vacuum-sealed tube formed by a window 1 coated with a photocathode, a microchannel plate stack 2, and a germanium-coated film substrate 3, and a discrete wedge anode 4 placed outside the vacuum-sealed tube and in close contact with the germanium-coated film substrate 3. The signal processor includes a preamplifier circuit 5 and a data processing circuit 6. The sum of the number of wedges 41 and bars 42 of the discrete wedge anode 4 is the same as the number of preamplifier circuits 5, and the output terminals of the wedges 41 and bars 42 of the discrete wedge anode 4 are all connected to the corresponding preamplifier circuits 5. The output terminals of each preamplifier circuit 5 are connected to the input terminals of the data processing circuit 6. The photocathode is used to convert photons incident through window 1 into photoelectrons; Microchannel plate stack 2 is used to convert photoelectrons into electron clouds through photomultiplication; The germanium-plated film substrate 3 is used to generate an induced charge cloud on the discrete wedge anode 4; The discrete wedge anode 4 is used to receive the induced electron cloud and generate short charge pulses on the wedge 41 and bar 42 respectively; The preamplifier circuit 5 is used to convert the corresponding short charge pulses into analog pulse voltage signals; The data processing circuit 6 is used to calculate the two-dimensional coordinates of the corresponding photon based on the analog pulse voltage signals transmitted by each preamplifier circuit 5, and then transmit the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons to the terminal for imaging display.

[0020] It should be noted that the present invention divides the wedge 41 and strip 42 of the existing four-electrode wedge strip anode or the wedge 41 of the four-wedge anode into independent wedges 41 and strips 42. Each wedge 41 and strip 42 is connected to an independent preamplifier circuit 5 and a data processing circuit 6 respectively. The centroid coordinates of the incident photon are obtained by the wedge strip anode or four-wedge strip anode decoding algorithm. The electron cloud falls on the independent wedge 41 or independent strip 42, and the independent wedge 41 or independent strip 42 with the electron cloud generates a short charge pulse.

[0021] Furthermore, photons pass through the incident window and are converted into photoelectrons by the photocathode coated on the inner surface of window 1. An electric field exists between the photocathode of incident window 1 and the incident port of the microchannel plate stack 2 (microchannel plate stack). Under the influence of this electric field, the photoelectrons fly towards the incident port of the microchannel plate stack 2 (microchannel plate stack). The microchannel plate stack 2 is a V-shaped structure of two stacked microchannel plates or a Z-shaped structure of three stacked microchannel plates, with high voltage applied to both ends. The photoelectrons continuously multiply inside the microchannel plate stack 2, forming a structure containing approximately 10-1 photoelectrons at its exit end. 7 An electron cloud of electrons. A negative high voltage is applied between the microchannel plate stack 2 and the germanium-plated film substrate 3. Under the action of the electric field, the electron cloud flies towards the germanium-plated film substrate 3, generating induced charges on the discrete four-electrode wedge-shaped anode or quad-wedge anode below it. Therefore, short charge pulses are generated at the output terminals of the individual wedges 41 and / or strips 42 where the electron cloud is located. The amount of charge contained in these short charge pulses is the amount of charge collected by each wedge 41 or strip 42.

[0022] In some embodiments, the four-electrode wedge-shaped anode is divided into two independent wedges 41 and two independent bars 42 to obtain two independent wedges 41 and two independent bars 42 of the discrete wedge-shaped anode 4; Alternatively, the four-wedge anode can be divided into four independent wedges 41 to obtain four independent wedges 41 of the discrete wedge anode 4. In this case, the number of independent bars 42 of the discrete wedge anode 4 is zero. Independent wedges 41 and independent strips 42, or independent wedges 41 and independent wedges 41, have an insulating gap between them and do not directly contact each other.

[0023] It should be noted that the core advantage of using independent wedges 41 and independent strips 42 is that it reduces the capacitance between adjacent wedges 41 and strips 42, thereby reducing the electronic noise of the preamplifier circuit 5 and improving the spatial resolution of the detector.

[0024] In some embodiments, the germanium-plated substrate 3 has a continuous structure covering the entire surface, and the germanium-plated substrate 3 completely covers all discrete wedge anodes 4.

[0025] It should be noted that the germanium-plated substrate 3 is a key intermediary component between the microchannel plate stack 2 and the discrete wedge anode 4 in the detection system. Its core function is to isolate the discrete wedge anode 4 from the vacuum sealing tube of the vacuum sealing tube imaging detector, avoiding the need for numerous leads to be drawn from the vacuum sealing tube, thus making the vacuum sealing tube easier to fabricate and reducing its cost. On the other hand, regarding the method of inductive charge, it avoids image distortion caused by the direct interaction between the electron cloud and the metal anode.

[0026] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the data processing circuit 6 includes an analog-to-digital converter module 61, a microprocessor 62, and a data transmission module 63. The number of channels in the analog-to-digital converter module 61 is the same as the number of channels in the preamplifier 5, wherein: The analog-to-digital converter module 61 is used to convert the analog pulse voltage signals received by each channel into digital pulse signals, and input the digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel to the microprocessor 62. The microprocessor 62 performs pulse identification and effective signal filtering on the digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel, adaptively selects the shaping filter and extracts the waveform peak according to the pulse time interval, and uses the centroid algorithm to calculate the two-dimensional coordinates of the corresponding photon. After caching the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons, it packages them and sends them to the data transmission module 63. The data processing module sends the packaged data transmitted by the microprocessor 62 to the terminal for imaging display.

[0027] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the microprocessor 62 includes an input buffer module 621, a pulse recognition module 622, a digital filter module 623, a peak extraction module 624, a centroid calculation module 625, an output buffer module 626, and an output control module 627, wherein: The input buffer module 621 is used to buffer the digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel of the analog-to-digital converter module; The pulse recognition module 622 is used to record the pulse time interval between adjacent digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel of the analog-to-digital conversion module; The digital filter module 623 is used to select the corresponding shaping filter for adaptive shaping filtering based on the pulse time interval corresponding to each channel of the analog-to-digital converter module. The peak extraction module 624 is used to extract the peak values ​​of the waveforms corresponding to each channel of the analog-to-digital converter output by the digital filter module 623; The centroid calculation module 625 is used to input the waveform peak value into the centroid algorithm to calculate the centroid and obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of the corresponding photon. The output buffer module 626 is used to buffer the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons output by the centroid calculation module 625; The output control module 627 is used to package the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons cached by the output buffer module 626 and send them to the data transmission module 63 when the buffer of the output buffer module 626 is full.

[0028] In some embodiments, the preamplifier circuit 5 includes a charge amplifier and a pole-zero cancellation circuit, wherein the charge amplifier is used to convert short charge pulses into analog pulse voltage signals, and the pole-zero cancellation circuit is used to reduce the tail length of the analog pulse voltage signals.

[0029] It should be noted that each signal output from the discrete wedge anode 4 requires a separate signal processing path. The short charge pulses output from each discrete wedge anode 4 are converted into amplified exponential voltage pulse signals by the preamplifier circuit 5. The preamplifier circuit 5 consists of a charge amplifier and a pole-zero cancellation circuit. The charge amplifier converts the output signal from the discrete wedge anode 4 into an analog pulse voltage signal with a long tail, and the pole-zero cancellation circuit reduces the tail length. The final output signal of the preamplifier circuit 5 is a negative exponential voltage pulse signal. All analog pulse voltage signals enter the data processing circuit 6. The data processing circuit 6 consists of an analog-to-digital converter module 61, a microprocessor 62, and a data transmission module 63. The analog-to-digital converter module 61 is a 12-bit to 14-bit sampling accuracy, with a sampling rate of 65-140 MSPS, used to convert the analog pulse voltage signals into digital pulse signals and input them to the microprocessor 62. The microprocessor 62 is a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), pre-programmed with internal modules for input buffering, pulse recognition, digital filtering, peak extraction, centroid calculation, output buffering, and data processing. For a single photon event, only a small portion of the channels generate pulse waveforms. Therefore, pulse recognition is used to select the channel data to be processed, saving computational resources and improving processing speed. Simultaneously, the pulse recognition module 622 records the pulse time interval. The shaping filter can be a trapezoidal or Gaussian shaping filter. Based on previous experiments and simulations, the most suitable filtering parameters for pulses with different time intervals have been obtained. The microprocessor 62 has pre-set shaping filters with different parameters. Based on the pulse time interval, the microprocessor 62 automatically selects the appropriate filter, achieving adaptive shaping filtering. The peak extraction module 624 extracts the peak value of the output waveform, which is proportional to the charge of the anode in that path. For the output waveform of the Gaussian filter, the peak value can be selected using a point-by-point comparison method; for the trapezoidal filter, the peak value is selected as the average value of a single or multiple points based on the width and slope of the waveform's flat top. Subsequently, the peak values ​​from each path are input to the centroid calculation module 625 for calculation. The centroid algorithm is either the WSA anode centroid algorithm or the TWA anode centroid algorithm. The output centroid result array represents the two-dimensional coordinates of the corresponding incident photon. Both the WSA anode centroid algorithm and the TWA anode centroid algorithm are existing technologies. The centroid result array is then placed into a buffer. When the buffer is full, the data transmission control logic is triggered, and the data is packaged and transmitted to the terminal (computer) via the data transmission module 63 (optical fiber) for imaging.

[0030] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this invention disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0031] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes, characterized in that: The device includes a vacuum-sealed tube imaging detector and a signal processor. The vacuum-sealed tube imaging detector comprises a vacuum-sealed tube formed by a window coated with a photocathode, a microchannel plate stack, and a germanium-coated film substrate, and discrete wedge anodes placed outside the vacuum-sealed tube and in close contact with the germanium-coated film substrate. The signal processor includes a preamplifier circuit and a data processing circuit. The sum of the number of wedges and bars of the discrete wedge anode is the same as the number of preamplifier circuits, and the output terminals of the wedges and bars of the discrete wedge anode are connected to the corresponding preamplifier circuits. The output terminals of each preamplifier circuit are connected to the input terminals of the data processing circuits. The photocathode is used to convert photons incident through the window into photoelectrons; The microchannel plate stack is used to convert photoelectrons into electron clouds through photomultiplication. The germanium-plated film substrate is used to generate an induced charge cloud on discrete wedge anodes; The discrete wedge anode is used to receive the induced electron cloud and generate short charge pulses on the wedge and bar respectively; The preamplifier circuit is used to convert the corresponding short charge pulses into analog pulse voltage signals. The data processing circuit is used to calculate the two-dimensional coordinates of the corresponding photons based on the analog pulse voltage signals transmitted by each preamplifier circuit, and then transmit the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons to the terminal for imaging and display.

2. The photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The germanium-plated film substrate has a continuous structure across the entire surface, completely covering the discrete wedge-shaped anodes.

3. The photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter module, a microprocessor, and a data transmission module, wherein: The analog-to-digital converter module is used to convert the analog pulse voltage signals received by each channel into digital pulse signals, and input the digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel to the microprocessor; The microprocessor performs pulse identification and effective signal filtering on the digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel, adaptively selects the shaping filter and extracts the waveform peak value according to the pulse time interval, and uses the centroid algorithm to calculate the two-dimensional coordinates of the corresponding photon. After caching the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons, it packages them and sends them to the data transmission module. The data processing module sends the packaged data transmitted by the microprocessor to the terminal for imaging and display.

4. The photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The microprocessor includes an input buffer module, a pulse recognition module, a digital filter module, a peak extraction module, a centroid calculation module, an output buffer module, and an output control module, wherein: The input buffer module is used to buffer the digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel of the analog-to-digital converter module; The pulse recognition module is used to record the pulse time interval between adjacent digital pulse signals corresponding to each channel of the analog-to-digital converter module; The digital filter module is used to select the corresponding shaping filter for adaptive shaping filtering based on the pulse time interval of each channel of the analog-to-digital converter module. The peak extraction module is used to extract the peak values ​​of the waveforms corresponding to each channel of the analog-to-digital converter output by the digital filter module. The centroid calculation module is used to input the peak values ​​of the corresponding waveforms of each channel of the analog-to-digital conversion module into the centroid algorithm to calculate the centroid and obtain the two-dimensional coordinates of the corresponding photon. The output buffer module is used to buffer the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons output by the centroid calculation module; The output control module is used to package the two-dimensional coordinates of all photons cached by the output buffer module and send them to the data transmission module when the buffer of the output buffer module is full.

5. The photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shaping filter is either a trapezoidal shaping filter or a Gaussian shaping filter.

6. The photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The centroid algorithm is either the WSA anode centroid algorithm or the TWA anode centroid algorithm. The WSA anode centroid algorithm is used to calculate the centroid of the waveform peaks extracted from the channels corresponding to all bars and wedges. The TWA anode centroid algorithm is used to calculate the centroid of the waveform peaks extracted from the channels corresponding to all wedges.

7. The photon detection system based on discrete wedge anodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preamplifier circuit includes a charge amplifier and a pole-zero cancellation circuit. The charge amplifier is used to convert short charge pulses into analog pulse voltage signals, and the pole-zero cancellation circuit is used to reduce the tail length of the analog pulse voltage signals.

Images