Multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear test system and test method

Abstract

The application discloses a multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear test system and a test method, and relates to the field of friction and wear test systems.The multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear test system comprises a friction plate assembly, a sliding plate support assembly and a reciprocating motion platform.The friction plate assembly comprises a friction copper plate used for simulating a contact wire in a pantograph-catenary system, a temperature regulating plate attached to one end face of the friction copper plate, and a heat preservation plate attached to the other end face of the temperature regulating plate.The sliding plate support assembly comprises a first support and a sliding plate used for contacting the other end face of the friction copper plate.The first support is sequentially fixedly connected with a linear driving mechanism, a contact force sensor used for detecting pressure, a friction force sensor, an insulating plate, a clamping body and the sliding plate in a direction perpendicular to the friction copper plate.The reciprocating motion platform is fixedly connected with the first support.The application can synchronously and real-timely collect mechanical, electrical and environmental multi-source heterogeneous data, and provides a comprehensive data basis for researching a multi-field coupling failure mechanism of the pantograph-catenary system under complex and severe environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rail transit testing technology, and particularly relates to a multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] The pantograph-catenary system is the only way for a train to obtain electrical energy, and its performance directly affects the train's operational safety and reliability. During the sliding contact process between the pantograph and the contact wire, the pantograph contactor experiences exceptionally complex friction and wear behavior due to the simultaneous coupling effects of mechanical friction, electrical wear, and environmental factors. In actual train operation, the pantograph-catenary system must operate in harsh environments such as rain, icing, and extreme temperatures. These changes in environmental conditions significantly affect the friction coefficient, contact resistance, wear mechanism, and arcing characteristics of the pantograph-catenary contact pair, potentially leading to abnormal wear of the pantograph contactor, contact wire damage, and pantograph-catenary disconnection, thus seriously threatening train safety.

[0003] To conduct in-depth research on the service performance of the pantograph-catenary system under different environments, predict its lifespan, and develop new pantograph contactor materials, controlled current-carrying friction and wear tests are needed in the laboratory. Currently, most existing pantograph-catenary current-carrying friction and wear testing machines focus on simulating operating conditions under normal temperature, dry conditions, and specific conditions. Although some testing machines can simulate single environmental changes, they are difficult to simulate specific operating conditions such as "icing" where water and low temperature are coupled. They also cannot easily switch and combine simulations of multiple environments such as low temperature, high temperature, rain, and icing on a single device, and cannot reproduce the complex and variable environment faced by actual train operation.

[0004] Therefore, the development of a highly integrated, precise simulation and control system for multiple environmental conditions to achieve synchronous and accurate monitoring of multi-dimensional parameters such as mechanical, electrical and environmental parameters has become an urgent need in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system and method, which can solve the problems of limited environmental simulation function and inconvenient switching of equipment modules in existing equipment.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: Firstly, a multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system is provided, comprising: Friction plate assembly, comprising a friction copper plate for simulating the contact wire in a pantograph-catenary system, a temperature control plate with one end face attached to one end face of the friction copper plate, and an insulation plate with the other end face attached to the temperature control plate; The skateboard support assembly includes a first bracket and a skateboard with one end face for contacting the other end face of a friction copper plate. The first bracket is sequentially fixedly connected to a linear drive mechanism, a contact force sensor for detecting pressure, a friction force sensor, an insulating plate, a clamping body, and a skateboard along a direction perpendicular to the friction copper plate. A reciprocating motion platform is fixedly connected to the first support, and the direction of motion of the reciprocating motion platform is parallel to the end face of the friction copper plate; The load power supply is electrically connected to the friction copper plate and the clamping body. Temperature regulation component, used to regulate the temperature of the temperature control plate; A water supply assembly, which includes a water pump, the output of which is connected to a nozzle facing the friction copper plate; The sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the friction copper plate, an ice thickness sensor for detecting the ice thickness on the friction copper plate, a voltage sensor for detecting the voltage between the friction copper plate and the sliding plate, and a current sensor for detecting the current in the circuit formed by the load power supply, the sliding plate and the friction copper plate. The control assembly is electrically connected to the linear drive mechanism, contact force sensor, friction force sensor, reciprocating motion platform, load power supply, temperature regulation component, water pump, temperature sensor, ice thickness sensor, voltage sensor, and current sensor.

[0007] Furthermore, the linear drive mechanism includes a pneumatic telescopic rod and a screw threadedly connected to the first bracket. The axial direction of the screw and the telescopic direction of the pneumatic telescopic rod are both perpendicular to the friction copper plate. The end of the screw away from the first bracket is coaxially rotatably connected to one end of the pneumatic telescopic rod, and the other end of the pneumatic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to a contact force sensor. A guide structure perpendicular to the friction copper plate is set between the first bracket and the contact force sensor.

[0008] Furthermore, the multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system includes a pneumatic assembly, which includes an air pump for supplying air to the pneumatic telescopic rod, and the air pump is electrically connected to the control assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the control assembly includes a computer, which is electrically connected to voltage sensors, current sensors, friction sensors, and contact force sensors; The computer is electrically connected to a reciprocating motion control module, a water volume control module, a temperature control module, a pneumatic control module, and a power control module; The reciprocating motion control module is electrically connected to the reciprocating motion platform; the water volume control module is electrically connected to the water pump and the ice thickness sensor; the temperature control module is electrically connected to the temperature regulation component and the temperature sensor; the pneumatic control module is electrically connected to the air pump; and the power control module is electrically connected to the load power supply.

[0010] Furthermore, the multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system includes a data acquisition device, which is electrically connected to a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a friction force sensor, a contact force sensor, and a computer.

[0011] Furthermore, the temperature regulation assembly includes a refrigeration device for cooling the temperature control plate, and the refrigeration device is electrically connected to a control assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature regulation assembly includes a heating device for heating the temperature control plate, and the heating device is electrically connected to the control assembly.

[0013] Furthermore, the multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system includes a load-bearing component, which includes a base and a second bracket fixedly connected to the base. The friction plate assembly and the first bracket are both fixedly connected to the second bracket.

[0014] Furthermore, the multifunctional current-carrying tribological testing system includes a collection tank for collecting water and / or ice chips that fall onto the friction copper plate.

[0015] Secondly, a multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear test method is provided, utilizing a multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear test system, which includes the following steps: Step S1: Install the slide plate on the clamp and use a linear drive mechanism to make the slide plate contact the friction copper plate so that the slide plate and the friction copper plate form a friction pair; Step S2: Based on the feedback from the temperature sensor and the ice thickness sensor, the friction copper plate is brought into the target simulated environment through the temperature regulation component and the water pump; Step S3: The linear drive mechanism generates contact pressure between the slide plate and the friction copper plate; the load power supply is turned on so that the reciprocating motion platform drives the slide plate to slide relative to the friction copper plate. Step S4: Collect the contact pressure, friction force, contact pair voltage, loop current, and surface temperature of the friction copper plate between the sliding plate and the friction copper plate using a contact force sensor, friction force sensor, voltage sensor, current sensor, and temperature sensor, respectively. Step S5: After the skateboard slides a single stroke relative to the friction copper plate, it is determined whether the friction copper plate is in the target simulated environment based on the feedback from the temperature sensor and the ice thickness sensor. If the friction copper plate is in the target simulated environment, then the reciprocating motion platform will drive the sliding plate to slide in the opposite direction relative to the friction copper plate. If the friction copper plate is not in the target simulation environment, the linear drive mechanism, load power supply and reciprocating motion platform are turned off and the data acquisition is stopped; based on the feedback from the temperature sensor and the ice thickness sensor, the friction copper plate is brought back into the target simulation environment through the temperature regulation component and the water pump; the linear drive mechanism is used to generate contact pressure between the slide plate and the friction copper plate; the load power supply is turned on so that the reciprocating motion platform drives the slide plate to slide in the opposite direction relative to the friction copper plate. Step S6: Repeat steps S4-S5 until the skateboard reaches the set mileage.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The temperature of the temperature control plate is adjusted by a temperature regulation component, and water can be supplied to the friction copper plate by a water pump. This allows the friction pair formed by the friction copper plate and the sliding plate to be subjected to harsh simulated environments such as low temperature, high temperature, rainfall, and icing. This enables the simulation of current-carrying friction and wear tests under these conditions. Compared with existing testing machines, this invention has a high degree of integration, combining mechanical loading, electrical loading, and intelligent measurement and control into one unit. It can simulate various environments, and in particular, it proposes a closed-loop control method for icing thickness, which can realistically and accurately simulate and maintain specific icing conditions, breaking through the limitations of traditional methods. At the same time, this invention can synchronously and in real-time collect multi-source heterogeneous data such as mechanical, electrical, and environmental data, providing a comprehensive data foundation for studying the multi-field coupling failure mechanism of the pantograph-catenary system under complex and harsh environments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the friction pair in this invention is shown; Figure 3 This diagram shows the connection schematic for simulating an icing environment in this invention; Figure 4 This shows a connection diagram for simulating a high-temperature environment in this invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of some circuit connections in this invention is shown; Figure 6 A flowchart of the experimental method in this invention is shown; In the accompanying drawings, the same parts use the same reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale.

[0018] Figure label: 1. Friction plate assembly; 101. Friction copper plate; 102. Temperature control plate; 103. Insulation board; 2. Slide support assembly; 201. Slide; 202. Clamp body; 203. Insulation board; 204. Friction force sensor; 205. Contact force sensor; 206. Pneumatic telescopic rod; 207. Screw; 208. First bracket; 3. Reciprocating motion platform; 4. Bearing assembly; 401. Base; 402. Second bracket; 5. Air pump; 6. Load power supply; 7. Refrigeration equipment; 8. Water supply assembly; 801. Water pump; 802. Sprinkler head; 9. Collection tank; 10. Water volume control module; 11. Ice thickness sensor; 12. Temperature control module; 13. Temperature sensor; 14. Heating equipment; 15. Computer; 16. Voltage sensor; 17. Current sensor; 18. Data acquisition device. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] This invention provides a multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, it includes: Friction plate assembly 1 includes a friction copper plate 101 for simulating the contact wire in a pantograph-catenary system, a temperature control plate 102 with one end face attached to one end face of the friction copper plate 101, and a heat insulation plate 103 with the other end face attached to the temperature control plate 102. The skateboard support assembly 2 includes a first bracket 208 and a skateboard 201 with one end face for contacting the other end face of the friction copper plate 101. The first bracket 208 is sequentially fixedly connected to a linear drive mechanism, a contact force sensor 205, a friction force sensor 204, an insulating plate 203, a clamping body 202, and the skateboard 201 along a direction perpendicular to the friction copper plate 101. The skateboard 201 is fixed on the clamping body 202 and is used to contact the friction copper plate 101 to form a friction pair. The friction force sensor 204 is used to detect the friction force parallel to the movement direction of the skateboard 201, and the contact force sensor 205 is used to detect the pressure between the friction copper plate 101 and the skateboard 201. The reciprocating motion platform 3 is fixedly connected to the first support 208, and the motion direction of the reciprocating motion platform 3 is parallel to the end face of the friction copper plate 101. Load power supply 6, load power supply 6 is electrically connected to friction copper plate 101 and clamp body 202; Temperature regulation component, used to regulate the temperature of temperature control plate 102; Water supply assembly 8 includes a water pump 801. The output end of the water pump 801 is connected to a nozzle 802 facing the friction copper plate 101 via a water pipe. The input end of the water pump 801 is connected to a water storage tank. The water output of the nozzle 802 is adjusted by controlling the water pump 801. The nozzle 802 is positioned above the friction plate assembly 1. The sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor 13 for detecting the temperature of the friction copper plate 101, an ice thickness sensor 11 for detecting the ice thickness on the friction copper plate 101, a voltage sensor 16 for detecting the voltage between the friction copper plate 101 and the sliding plate 201, and a current sensor 17 for detecting the current in the circuit formed by the load power supply 6, the sliding plate 201, and the friction copper plate 101. The temperature sensor 13 can be an MMLTS type infrared sensor with a temperature detection range of -40 to 800°C. The ice thickness sensor 11 can be a laser sensor with a detection range of 0 to 20 mm. The control assembly is electrically connected to the linear drive mechanism, contact force sensor 205, friction force sensor 204, reciprocating motion platform 3, load power supply 6, temperature regulation component, water pump 801, temperature sensor 13, ice thickness sensor 11, voltage sensor 16 and current sensor 17.

[0021] It should be noted that the friction copper plate 101 is in contact with the temperature control plate 102 so that the temperature of the friction copper plate 101 can be controlled by the temperature control plate 102; the insulation plate 103 is used to isolate the temperature control plate 102 from the heat exchange with the environment. The insulation plate 103 can be made of polyisocyanurate, which has a temperature resistance range of -196℃ to +130℃.

[0022] It should also be noted that the clamp body 202 is made of pure copper to reduce the contact resistance between the slide plate 201 and the clamp body 202, thereby helping to reduce the temperature rise of the clamp body 202; the insulating plate 203 can be made of 10mm mica plate with a withstand voltage rating of 200kV; the friction force sensor 204 and the contact force sensor 205 are tension and compression force sensors, with the range of friction force sensor 204 being 0~200N and the range of contact force sensor 205 being 0~300N.

[0023] It should also be noted that the reciprocating motion platform 3 can adopt a single-axis linear reciprocating motion guide rail driven by a motor, with a stroke of 2m and a speed of 0~4m / s.

[0024] It should also be noted that the load power supply 6 can be a TI2000 DC power supply with a range of 0~600A; depending on the test requirements, the load power supply 6 can also be replaced with a TFA60-33 AC power supply with an output current range of -400~400A.

[0025] Furthermore, such as Figure 2As shown, the linear drive mechanism includes a pneumatic telescopic rod 206 and a screw 207 threadedly connected to the first bracket 208. The axial direction of the screw 207 and the telescopic direction of the pneumatic telescopic rod 206 are both perpendicular to the friction copper plate 101. One end of the screw 207 away from the first bracket 208 is coaxially rotatably connected to one end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 206. The other end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 206 is fixedly connected to a contact force sensor 205. A guide structure perpendicular to the friction copper plate 101 is provided between the first bracket 208 and the contact force sensor 205.

[0026] It is understandable that rotating the screw 207 will cause the pneumatic telescopic rod 206, together with the contact force sensor 205, friction force sensor 204, insulating plate 203, clamp body 202 and sliding plate 201 directly or indirectly connected to it, to move closer to or away from the first support 208, thereby adjusting the distance between the sliding plate 201 and the friction copper plate 101.

[0027] It should be noted that the telescopic distance of the pneumatic telescopic rod 206 is 0~50mm.

[0028] It should be noted that the guide structure can be multiple guide rods that are set between the first bracket 208 and the contact force sensor 205, perpendicular to the friction copper plate 101 and evenly arranged in the circumferential direction.

[0029] Furthermore, the multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear test system includes a pneumatic assembly, which includes an air pump 5 for supplying air to the pneumatic telescopic rod 206. The air pump 5 is electrically connected to the control assembly. The air pump 5 is connected to the pneumatic telescopic rod 206 through an air pipeline, and a valve can be installed on the air pipeline to provide contact pressure between the slide plate 201 and the friction copper plate 101 through the air pump 5.

[0030] It should be noted that air pump 5 can be a WGD35-10 type air compressor with an exhaust pressure of 0~1MPa.

[0031] Furthermore, the temperature regulation component can be a refrigeration device 7 for cooling the temperature control plate 102, and the refrigeration device 7 is electrically connected to the control assembly; the temperature control plate 102 can be a cooling plate, which has pipes inside for coolant to flow, and the temperature of the friction copper plate 101 is reduced by the coolant; the refrigeration device 7 can be connected to the temperature control plate 102 through a coolant connection pipe.

[0032] It should be noted that the refrigeration equipment 7 can be an LR-15T type refrigeration unit, so as to control the temperature of the friction plate assembly 1 at -20~0℃.

[0033] Furthermore, depending on the test requirements, the temperature control component can also be a heating device 14 for heating the temperature control plate 102, and the heating device 14 is electrically connected to the control assembly; the temperature control plate 102 can be a heating plate to simulate the current-carrying friction and wear test under high temperature environment.

[0034] Furthermore, the control assembly includes a computer 15, which is electrically connected to a voltage sensor 16, a current sensor 17, a friction sensor 204, and a contact force sensor 205. The computer 15 is electrically connected to a reciprocating motion control module, a water volume control module 10, a temperature control module 12, a pneumatic control module, and a power control module; The reciprocating motion control module is electrically connected to the reciprocating motion platform 3; the water volume control module 10 is electrically connected to the water pump 801 and the ice thickness sensor 11; the temperature control module 12 is electrically connected to the temperature adjustment component and the temperature sensor 13; the pneumatic control module is electrically connected to the air pump 5; and the power control module is electrically connected to the load power supply 6.

[0035] Understandably, the water volume control module 10 controls the start and stop of the water pump 801 and the water volume based on the signal fed back by the ice thickness sensor 11; the temperature control module 12 determines the start and stop of the refrigeration equipment 7 or the heating equipment 14 by comparing the difference between the temperature detection value and the temperature set value; and the pneumatic control module adjusts the contact pressure between the friction copper plate 101 and the sliding plate 201 by controlling the pressure of the air pump 5.

[0036] Furthermore, the multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system includes a data acquisition device 18, which is electrically connected to a voltage sensor 16, a current sensor 17, a friction force sensor 204, a contact force sensor 205, and a computer 15. The data acquisition device 18 is used to acquire and store voltage, current, friction force, and contact force data.

[0037] It should be noted that the voltage sensor 16 has a range of 0~50V, the current sensor 17 has a range of 0~600A, and the data acquisition device 18 has a acquisition frequency of 0~80kHz.

[0038] Furthermore, the multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear test system includes a bearing component 4, which includes a base 401 and a second bracket 402 fixedly connected to the base 401. The friction plate assembly 1 and the first bracket 208 are both fixedly connected to the second bracket 402.

[0039] Furthermore, the multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear test system includes a collection tank 9 for collecting water and ice chips that fall onto the friction copper plate 101, and the collection tank 9 can be fixed on the base 401.

[0040] Therefore, this invention, through the coordinated operation of the friction plate assembly 1, the sliding plate support assembly 2, the reciprocating motion platform 3, the load-bearing assembly 4, the pneumatic assembly, the load power supply 6, the cooling / heating assembly, the water supply assembly 8, and various sensors and control assemblies, greatly replicates the actual operating conditions of a railway pantograph-catenary system. By collecting data on friction force, contact force, contact pair voltage, and circuit current, the friction coefficient, contact resistance, and arcing characteristics of the contact pair can be analyzed, providing data support for investigating changes in the friction and wear performance of the pantograph-catenary contact pair. Through the coordinated operation of the cooling / heating assembly, the water supply assembly 8, and various sensors, it can simulate various harsh operating conditions such as icing, low temperature, high temperature, and rainfall, and simultaneously collect multi-dimensional data. This invention is rationally designed, structurally stable, and capable of simulating current-carrying friction and wear tests under various harsh environments, providing an equipment foundation for exploring the friction and wear mechanism of the pantograph-catenary system and solving abnormal wear of the pantograph-catenary contact pair materials.

[0041] This invention also provides a multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing method, such as... Figure 1-6 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step S1: Install the slide plate 201 on the clamp body 202, and make the slide plate 201 contact the friction copper plate 101 through the linear drive mechanism so that the slide plate 201 and the friction copper plate 101 form a friction pair; Step S2: Based on the feedback from the temperature sensor 13 and the ice thickness sensor 11, the friction copper plate 101 is brought into the target simulated environment by the temperature adjustment component and the water pump 801. Step S3: The linear drive mechanism generates contact pressure between the slide plate 201 and the friction copper plate 101; the load power supply 6 is started so that the reciprocating motion platform 3 drives the slide plate 201 to slide relative to the friction copper plate 101. Step S4: The contact pressure, friction force, contact pair voltage, loop current, and surface temperature of the friction copper plate 101 between the sliding plate 201 and the friction copper plate 101 are collected by the contact force sensor 205, friction force sensor 204, voltage sensor 16, current sensor 17, and temperature sensor 13, respectively. Step S5: After the sliding plate 201 slides a single stroke relative to the friction copper plate 101, it is determined whether the friction copper plate 101 is in the target simulated environment based on the feedback from the temperature sensor 13 and the ice thickness sensor 11. If the friction copper plate 101 is in the target simulation environment, then the reciprocating motion platform 3 will drive the slide plate 201 to slide in the opposite direction relative to the friction copper plate 101. If the friction copper plate 101 is not in the target simulation environment, the linear drive mechanism, load power supply 6, and reciprocating motion platform 3 are turned off, and data acquisition is stopped. Based on the feedback from the temperature sensor 13 and the ice thickness sensor 11, the friction copper plate 101 is brought back into the target simulation environment through the temperature regulation component and the water pump 801. The linear drive mechanism generates contact pressure between the slide plate 201 and the friction copper plate 101. The load power supply 6 is turned on so that the reciprocating motion platform 3 drives the slide plate 201 to slide in the opposite direction relative to the friction copper plate 101. Step S6: Repeat steps S4-S5 until the skateboard 201 reaches the set mileage.

[0042] It should be noted that before step S2, the operating parameters can be set. The operating parameters may include parameters such as ice thickness, copper plate temperature, water volume and current. The operating parameters can be switched or combined according to the purpose of the test to simulate complex working conditions such as low temperature, high temperature, rainfall and icing.

[0043] It should also be noted that the collected data, such as the contact pressure, friction force, contact pair voltage, circuit current, and surface temperature of the friction copper plate 101 between the sliding plate 201 and the friction copper plate 101, can be used to analyze the friction coefficient, contact resistance, discharge frequency, discharge time, and discharge energy between the contact pairs.

[0044] Specifically, when simulating an icing environment, the test method includes the following steps: Step T1: Adjust screw 207 to adjust the distance between clamp 202 and friction copper plate 101, and install the sample 201 on clamp 202; readjust screw 207 so that the slide plate 201 contacts the friction copper plate 101 and forms a friction pair; set parameters such as ice thickness, contact pressure and test current. Step T2: Start the cooling equipment 7 to reduce the temperature of the friction copper plate 101 to below zero degrees Celsius; Step T3: Start water pump 801 to make water freeze into ice on the surface of the friction copper plate 101; Step T4: 1 second interval; Step T5: Detect the ice thickness on the surface of the friction copper plate 101 using the ice thickness sensor 11; if the actual ice thickness is not less than the set ice thickness, turn off the water pump 801; if the actual ice thickness is less than the set ice thickness, continue to step T4. Step T6: Start the air pump 5 to generate contact pressure between the friction copper plate 101 and the slide plate 201; start the load power supply 6 and start the reciprocating motion platform 3 to begin the current-carrying friction and wear test; Step T7: Collect the contact pressure, friction force, contact pair voltage, circuit current, and surface temperature data of the friction copper plate 101 between the sliding plate 201 and the friction copper plate 101 through the data acquisition device 18. Step T8: Skateboard 201 slides a single stroke; Step T9: Detect the ice thickness on the surface of the friction copper plate 101 using the ice thickness sensor 11; if the actual ice thickness is not less than the set ice thickness, the slide plate 201 continues to slide for a single stroke; if the thickness of the slide plate 201 is less than the set ice thickness, turn off the air pump 5, the load power supply 6, and the reciprocating motion platform 3 and stop data acquisition, and execute step T3. Step T10: Repeat the above steps. After the slide plate 201 reaches the set mileage, turn off the load power supply 6, the refrigeration equipment 7, the reciprocating motion platform 3 and the air pump 5 in sequence, control the screw 207, take out the slide plate 201, observe the friction morphology of the slide plate 201 surface, and analyze data such as friction coefficient, contact resistance and arcing time.

[0045] When simulating a low-temperature environment, the test method includes the following steps: Step U1: Adjust screw 207 to adjust the distance between clamp 202 and friction copper plate 101, and install the sample on the clamp 202; readjust screw 207 so that the slide plate 201 contacts the friction copper plate 101 and forms a friction pair, and set parameters such as low temperature, contact pressure and test current; Step U2: Start the cooling device 7 to reduce the temperature of the friction copper plate 101 to the set temperature; Step U3: 1 second interval; Step U4: Detect the surface temperature of the friction copper plate 101 using temperature sensor 13; if the actual temperature is not greater than the set temperature, turn off the cooling device 7; if the actual temperature is greater than the set temperature, continue to step U3. Step U5: Start the air pump 5 to generate contact pressure between the friction copper plate 101 and the slide plate 201; start the load power supply 6 and start the reciprocating motion table to begin the current-carrying friction and wear test; Step U6: Collect the contact pressure, friction force, contact pair voltage, circuit current and surface temperature data of the friction copper plate 101 between the sliding plate 201 and the friction copper plate 101 through the data acquisition device 18. Step U7: Skateboard 201 slides a single stroke; Step U8: Detect the surface temperature of the friction copper plate 101 using temperature sensor 13; if the actual temperature is not greater than the set temperature, the slide plate 201 continues to slide for a single stroke; if the temperature of the slide plate 201 is greater than the set temperature, turn off the air pump 5, the load power supply 6, and the reciprocating motion platform 3 and stop data acquisition, then execute step U2. Step U9: Repeat the above steps. After the slide plate 201 reaches the set mileage, turn off the load power supply 6, the refrigeration equipment 7, the reciprocating motion platform 3 and the air pump 5 in sequence, control the screw 207, take out the slide plate 201, observe the friction morphology of the slide plate 201, and analyze the friction coefficient, contact resistance and arcing time and other data.

[0046] When simulating rainfall conditions, the experimental method includes the following steps: Step V1: Adjust screw 207 to adjust the distance between clamp 202 and friction copper plate 101, and install the sample 201 on clamp 202; readjust screw 207 so that the slide plate 201 contacts the friction copper plate 101 and forms a friction pair, and set parameters such as water output, contact pressure and test current; Step V2: Start water pump 801 to simulate a rainfall environment; Step V3: Start the air pump 5 to generate contact pressure between the friction copper plate 101 and the slide plate 201; start the load power supply 6 and start the reciprocating motion platform 3 to begin the current-carrying friction and wear test; Step V4: Collect the contact pressure, friction force, contact pair voltage, circuit current and surface temperature data of the friction copper plate 101 between the sliding plate 201 and the friction copper plate 101 through the data acquisition device 18. Step V5: After the slide plate 201 reaches the set mileage, turn off the load power supply 6, the refrigeration equipment 7, the reciprocating motion platform 3 and the air pump 5 in sequence, control the screw 207, take out the slide plate 201, observe the friction morphology of the slide plate 201 surface, and analyze data such as friction coefficient, contact resistance and arcing time.

[0047] When simulating high-temperature environments, the test methods include: Step W1: Adjust screw 207 to adjust the distance between clamp 202 and friction copper plate 101, and install the sample 201 on clamp 202; readjust screw 207 so that the slide 201 contacts the friction copper plate 101 and forms a friction pair; set parameters such as high temperature, contact pressure and test current; Step W2: Start the heating device 14 to heat the friction copper plate 101 to the set temperature; Step W3: 1 second interval; Step W4: Detect the surface temperature of the friction copper plate 101 using temperature sensor 13; if the actual temperature is not lower than the set temperature, turn off the heating device 14; if the actual temperature is lower than the set temperature, continue to step W3. Step W5: Start the air pump 5 to generate contact pressure between the friction copper plate 101 and the slide plate 201; start the load power supply 6 and start the reciprocating motion platform 3 to begin the current-carrying friction and wear test; Step W6: Collect data on contact pressure, friction force, contact pair voltage, circuit current, and surface temperature of the friction copper plate 101 between the sliding plate 201 and the friction copper plate 101 using the data acquisition device 18. Step W7: Skateboard 201 slides a single stroke; Step W8: Detect the surface temperature of the copper plate using temperature sensor 13; if the actual temperature is not lower than the set temperature, the slide plate 201 continues to slide for a single stroke; if the temperature of the slide plate 201 is lower than the set temperature, turn off the air pump 5, the load power supply 6, and the reciprocating motion platform 3 and stop data acquisition, then proceed to step W2. Step W9: Repeat the above steps. After the slide plate 201 reaches the set mileage, turn off the load power supply 6, the cooling equipment 7, the reciprocating motion platform 3 and the air pump 5 in sequence, control the screw 207, take out the slide plate 201, observe the friction morphology of the slide plate 201 surface, and analyze the friction coefficient, contact resistance and arcing time and other data.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0049] While the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely examples of the principles and applications of the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that many modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments, and other arrangements can be designed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that different dependent claims and features described herein can be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also understood that features described in conjunction with individual embodiments can be used in other described embodiments.

Claims

1. A multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system, characterized in that, include: Friction plate assembly (1) includes a friction copper plate (101) for simulating the contact wire in a pantograph-catenary system, a temperature control plate (102) with one end face attached to one end face of the friction copper plate (101), and an insulation plate (103) with the other end face attached to the temperature control plate (102). The skateboard support assembly (2) includes a first bracket (208) and a skateboard (201) with one end face for contacting the other end face of the friction copper plate (101). The first bracket (208) is sequentially fixed with a linear drive mechanism, a contact force sensor (205) for detecting pressure, a friction force sensor (204), an insulating plate (203), a clamping body (202) and a skateboard (201) in a direction perpendicular to the friction copper plate (101). The reciprocating motion platform (3) is fixedly connected to the first bracket (208), and the motion direction of the reciprocating motion platform (3) is parallel to the end face of the friction copper plate (101); Load power supply (6), the load power supply (6) is electrically connected to the friction copper plate (101) and the clamp body (202). Temperature regulation component, used to regulate the temperature of temperature control plate (102); Water supply assembly (8) includes a water pump (801) whose output end is connected to a nozzle (802) facing the friction copper plate (101). The sensor assembly includes a temperature sensor (13) for detecting the temperature of the friction copper plate (101), an ice thickness sensor (11) for detecting the ice thickness on the friction copper plate (101), a voltage sensor (16) for detecting the voltage between the friction copper plate (101) and the sliding plate (201), and a current sensor (17) for detecting the current in the circuit formed by the load power supply (6), the sliding plate (201) and the friction copper plate (101). The control assembly is electrically connected to the linear drive mechanism, contact force sensor (205), friction force sensor (204), reciprocating motion platform (3), load power supply (6), temperature regulation component, water pump (801), temperature sensor (13), ice thickness sensor (11), voltage sensor (16) and current sensor (17).

2. The multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear drive mechanism includes a pneumatic telescopic rod (206) and a screw (207) threaded onto the first bracket (208). The axial direction of the screw (207) and the extension / retraction direction of the pneumatic telescopic rod (206) are both perpendicular to the friction copper plate (101). One end of the screw (207) away from the first bracket (208) is coaxially rotatably connected to one end of the pneumatic telescopic rod (206). The other end of the pneumatic telescopic rod (206) is fixedly connected to the contact force sensor (205). A guide structure perpendicular to the friction copper plate (101) is provided between the first bracket (208) and the contact force sensor (205).

3. The multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, It includes a pneumatic assembly, which includes an air pump (5) for supplying air to the pneumatic telescopic rod (206), the air pump (5) being electrically connected to the control assembly.

4. The multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control assembly includes a computer (15) which is electrically connected to the voltage sensor (16), the current sensor (17), the friction sensor (204), and the contact force sensor (205). The computer (15) is electrically connected to a reciprocating motion control module, a water volume control module (10), a temperature control module (12), a pneumatic control module, and a power control module; The reciprocating motion control module is electrically connected to the reciprocating motion platform (3), the water volume control module (10) is electrically connected to the water pump (801) and the ice thickness sensor (11), the temperature control module (12) is electrically connected to the temperature adjustment component and the temperature sensor (13), the pneumatic control module is electrically connected to the air pump (5), and the power control module is electrically connected to the load power supply (6).

5. The multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system according to claim 4, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition device (18) which is electrically connected to the voltage sensor (16), the current sensor (17), the friction sensor (204), the contact force sensor (205), and the computer (15).

6. The multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The temperature regulation assembly includes a refrigeration device (7) for cooling the temperature control plate (102), the refrigeration device (7) being electrically connected to the control assembly.

7. The multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The temperature regulation assembly includes a heating device (14) for heating the temperature control plate (102), the heating device (14) being electrically connected to the control assembly.

8. The multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The system includes a support component (4), which includes a base (401) and a second bracket (402) fixedly connected to the base (401). The friction plate assembly (1) and the first bracket (208) are both fixedly connected to the second bracket (402).

9. The multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes a collection trough (9) for collecting water and / or ice chips that fall onto the friction copper plate (101).

10. A multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing method, utilizing the multifunctional current-carrying friction and wear testing system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Install the slide plate (201) on the clamp body (202), and make the slide plate (201) contact the friction copper plate (101) through the linear drive mechanism so that the slide plate (201) and the friction copper plate (101) form a friction pair; Step S2: Based on the feedback from the temperature sensor (13) and the ice thickness sensor (11), the friction copper plate (101) is brought into the target simulated environment by the temperature adjustment component and the water pump (801); Step S3: The linear drive mechanism generates contact pressure between the slide plate (201) and the friction copper plate (101); the load power supply (6) is started so that the reciprocating motion platform (3) drives the slide plate (201) to slide relative to the friction copper plate (101); Step S4: The contact pressure, friction force, contact pair voltage, loop current and surface temperature of the friction copper plate (101) between the sliding plate (201) and the friction copper plate (101) are collected by the contact force sensor (205), friction force sensor (204), voltage sensor (16), current sensor (17) and temperature sensor (13), respectively. Step S5: After the sliding plate (201) slides a single stroke relative to the friction copper plate (101), it is determined whether the friction copper plate (101) is in the target simulated environment based on the feedback from the temperature sensor (13) and the ice thickness sensor (11); If the friction copper plate (101) is in the target simulation environment, then the reciprocating motion platform (3) will drive the sliding plate (201) to slide in the opposite direction relative to the friction copper plate (101); If the friction copper plate (101) is not in the target simulation environment, the linear drive mechanism, load power supply (6) and reciprocating motion platform (3) are turned off, and data acquisition is stopped; based on the feedback from the temperature sensor (13) and the ice thickness sensor (11), the friction copper plate (101) is brought back into the target simulation environment through the temperature adjustment component and the water pump (801); the linear drive mechanism generates contact pressure between the slide plate (201) and the friction copper plate (101); the load power supply (6) is turned on, so that the reciprocating motion platform (3) drives the slide plate (201) to slide in the opposite direction relative to the friction copper plate (101); Step S6: Repeat steps S4-S5 until the skateboard (201) reaches the set mileage.

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