A multi-level reverse logistics network construction and incentive distribution system and method for optimizing drug recycling convenience

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-level reverse logistics network construction and incentive distribution system and method for drug recovery convenience optimization, belong to drug reverse logistics and wisdom supply chain technical field.System includes recovery terminal layer, regional distribution layer, provincial processing layer, cloud platform control layer, communication network module and user terminal module;Cloud platform control layer integrates network topology construction, node site optimization, path planning, incentive distribution engine and block chain traceability unit.Method includes demand acquisition, network topology construction, node site optimization, path planning.The application uses improved genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm to optimize network node and path, constructs multi-agent incentive model, realizes whole-process traceability in combination with block chain, solves the problems of low recovery convenience, poor logistics efficiency, imperfect incentive and traceability in the prior art, improves the compliance and resource utilization of drug recovery, and is suitable for drug recovery reverse logistics system construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical reverse logistics and smart supply chain technology, specifically to a multi-level reverse logistics network construction and incentive allocation system and method optimized for the convenience of pharmaceutical recycling, which is particularly applicable to the compliant recycling, transfer, processing and multi-entity incentive allocation of expired drugs, idle drugs and drugs after medical insurance reimbursement. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the medical and health care industry, the use of medicines has continued to grow, and the amount of expired and idle medicines has also increased year by year.

[0003] In existing technologies, drug recycling mostly adopts a "single recycling by retail pharmacies" model, resulting in a small number of recycling terminals with uneven distribution. Users need to travel long distances for recycling, leading to extremely poor convenience. Reverse logistics networks are mostly a two-tiered structure of "recycling point - processing center," lacking regional distribution and transfer links, resulting in high logistics costs and low transit time, especially for cold chain drugs, making it difficult to meet the temperature control requirements stipulated by GSP. Node selection and route planning rely heavily on manual experience, without considering the density of recycling demand and real-time traffic data, failing to achieve optimal allocation of logistics resources. Incentive mechanisms are mostly based on single user points incentives, failing to cover recycling terminal operators, logistics companies, and processing companies, resulting in insufficient enthusiasm from all participating entities. The entire drug recycling process lacks effective traceability methods, making it prone to data tampering and shirking of responsibility.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent CN114925127B discloses a real-time drug inventory synchronization system, which only focuses on inventory management for forward logistics and does not involve the construction of a reverse logistics network; Chinese patent CN115688734A discloses an incentive method for expired drug recycling, which only targets user incentives and does not construct a multi-entity incentive system; foreign patent US20230100987A1 discloses intelligent cold chain dynamic monitoring technology, which only solves the temperature control problem during transportation and does not involve network topology optimization and incentive allocation. Furthermore, existing technologies lack a method for constructing a multi-level reverse logistics network that combines GIS, artificial intelligence algorithms, and blockchain technology, making it impossible to simultaneously achieve the optimization goals of recycling convenience, logistics efficiency, compliance, and incentive accuracy.

[0005] Therefore, developing a multi-level reverse logistics network construction and incentive allocation system and method optimized for the convenience of drug recycling, constructing a four-level reverse logistics network, using artificial intelligence algorithms to optimize node location and path planning, establishing a multi-dimensional incentive allocation model, and combining blockchain technology to achieve full traceability has become the key to solving the pain points of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) The technical problem that the invention aims to solve This invention aims to solve the technical problems existing in the current reverse logistics system for pharmaceuticals, such as low convenience of recycling, imperfect network hierarchy, unreasonable node location and route planning, unsound incentive mechanism, and lack of full traceability. Specifically, it includes: 1. The number of recycling terminals is insufficient and their distribution is uneven, resulting in long average recycling times for users and low appointment response efficiency, which fails to meet users' needs for convenient recycling. 2. The reverse logistics network is too simple, lacking district-level transit and city-level distribution links, making it difficult to guarantee the timeliness and temperature control compliance of cold chain drug transportation, resulting in high logistics costs. 3. The node selection and route planning rely on manual experience and do not take into account the density of recycling demand, traffic conditions and compliance requirements, thus failing to achieve optimal allocation of logistics resources; 4. The incentive mechanism only covers users and does not involve recycling terminal operators, logistics companies and processing companies. As a result, the enthusiasm of the participating entities is insufficient and the allocation of incentives lacks scientificity and precision. 5. The entire process of drug recycling data has not achieved seamless integration and tamper-proof traceability, and relevant departments lack effective data support.

[0007] (ii) Technical solutions to the problem To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a multi-level reverse logistics network construction and incentive allocation system and method optimized for drug recycling convenience. It adopts a four-level architecture: "recycling terminal layer - regional distribution layer - provincial processing layer - cloud platform management layer," and combines GIS, improved genetic algorithms, ant colony algorithms, blockchain technology, and a multi-dimensional incentive model to achieve intelligent construction, dynamic optimization, and precise incentive allocation of the drug recycling network. The specific technical solution is as follows: 1. System Architecture Design The system of this invention includes a recycling terminal layer module, a regional distribution layer module, a provincial processing layer module, a cloud platform management and control layer module, a communication network module, and a user terminal module. These modules work together to build a complete reverse logistics and incentive distribution system for pharmaceuticals.

[0008] Recycling terminal layer: Set up distributed intelligent recycling cabinets, community medical point recycling stations, retail pharmacy recycling points and DTP pharmacy dedicated recycling stations to realize the recycling of medicines nearby. Configure multi-unit collection and incentive equipment to ensure comprehensive collection of medicine information and timely distribution of basic incentives; Regional distribution layer: Set up municipal-level distribution centers and district-level transit warehouses to realize the hierarchical collection and short-distance transfer of medicines, and solve the problems of high logistics costs and low timeliness of direct transfer from a single collection point to the provincial processing center; Provincial-level processing layer: Set up harmless treatment centers and reuse identification centers to achieve compliant treatment and reuse value mining of medicines and improve resource utilization. Cloud platform control layer: As the core of the system, it integrates network construction, site selection optimization, path planning, incentive allocation, blockchain traceability and supervision interface to achieve intelligent control of the entire process; Communication network module: Adopts 5G+NB-IoT dual-mode communication, which takes into account both high-speed transmission and low-power access, ensuring the real-time transmission of massive terminal data; User terminal module: Provides multiple access points to facilitate users' participation in recycling, checking progress, and redeeming incentives.

[0009] 2. Network Construction and Optimization Algorithms Node location optimization: An improved genetic algorithm is used to optimize the geographical location and number of nodes at each level with the objective functions of recycling convenience, logistics cost and compliance, to ensure that the average walking time for users is ≤15 minutes, the unit drug transfer cost is the lowest, and the compliance score is ≥90 points. Route planning optimization: Using ant colony algorithm, combined with real-time traffic, temperature control requirements and recycling timeliness, the transfer route is optimized to reduce vehicle empty load rate and ensure that the temperature control compliance rate of cold chain medicines is ≥99.7%.

[0010] 3. Multi-dimensional incentive allocation model Establish a multi-stakeholder incentive system covering users, recycling terminal operators, logistics companies, and processing companies. Incentive funds will come from relevant departmental subsidies, corporate funds, reuse revenue, and operating service fees. The funds will be allocated precisely based on the contribution of each stakeholder to enhance their participation.

[0011] 4. Blockchain-based end-to-end traceability By adopting a consortium blockchain architecture, data from the entire process of drug recycling, transportation, quality inspection, processing, and incentives are stored on the blockchain to ensure that the data is tamper-proof and fully traceable, supporting online supervision and data verification by relevant departments.

[0012] (iii) Beneficial effects of the invention Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: 1. Improve recycling convenience: By building a four-level reverse logistics network and optimizing the layout of recycling terminals, the average walking time for users to recycle is ≤15 minutes, the appointment response time is ≤30 minutes, and the recycling participation rate is increased by more than 50%. 2. Optimize logistics efficiency: By adopting improved genetic algorithms and ant colony algorithms, the unit reverse logistics cost of medicines is reduced by 30%, the vehicle empty load rate is reduced to below 10%, the cold chain medicine transfer timeliness compliance rate is ≥98%, and the temperature control compliance rate is ≥99.7%. 3. Improve the incentive mechanism: Establish a multi-dimensional incentive distribution model that covers all participating entities, with a 100% user incentive fulfillment rate, and increase the participation enthusiasm of recycling terminal operators, logistics companies, and processing companies by more than 40%; 4. Strengthen full traceability: By adopting blockchain technology, the entire process of drug recycling is made tamper-proof and traceable, improving the efficiency of relevant departments by 60% and effectively preventing expired drugs. 5. Improve resource utilization: Through drug reuse assessment, the resource utilization rate of reusable drugs will increase by 25%, with the proportion of drugs donated to public welfare reaching ≥10%, drugs recycled by enterprises reaching ≥15%, and drugs recycled from raw materials reaching ≥80%. 6. Compliance Requirements: The system fully meets GSP requirements for temperature control and traceability in reverse logistics of pharmaceuticals, as well as environmental protection department requirements for the discharge of medical waste, with a compliance score of ≥95.

[0013] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments of the present invention are given in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the system of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the recycling terminal of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the multi-level reverse logistics network topology of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the node location optimization process of the improved genetic algorithm of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the path planning process of the ant colony algorithm of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the incentive allocation engine of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the blockchain traceability of the entire drug recycling process of the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the method of the present invention.

[0015] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Recycling Terminal Layer Module; 11. Smart Recycling Cabinet; 12. Community Medical Point Recycling Station; 13. Retail Pharmacy Recycling Point; 14. DTP Pharmacy Dedicated Recycling Station; 111. Drug Information Collection Unit; 112. Identification Unit; 113. Temperature-Controlled Storage Unit; 114. Data Transmission Unit; 115. Incentive Distribution Unit; 2. Regional Distribution Layer Module; 21. Municipal-Level Pharmaceutical Reverse Logistics Distribution Center; 22. District-Level Transit Warehouse; 211. Classification and Quality Inspection Unit; 212. Cold Chain Temporary Storage Unit; 213. Logistics Scheduling Unit; 3. Provincial Processing Layer Module; 31. Provincial-Level Drug Harmless Treatment Center; 32. Drug Reuse Identification Center; 311. Classification and Destruction Unit; 312. Environmental Emission Monitoring Unit; 4. Cloud Platform Management and Control Layer Module; 41. Network Topology Construction Unit; 42. Node Location Optimization Unit; 43. Path Planning Unit; 44. 45. Incentive distribution engine; 46. Data traceability blockchain unit; 5. Relevant department interface; 6. Communication network module; 7. User terminal module; 8. Medicines; 9. Short-distance transfer vehicles; 10. Long-distance dispatch vehicles. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-8 The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The invention is described more specifically in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the invention will become clearer from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of the invention.

[0017] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or may have a component in between. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0019] Example 1: Hardware and Software Implementation of the System This embodiment provides a specific implementation scheme for the construction and incentive allocation system of a multi-level reverse logistics network optimized for the convenience of drug recycling. Taking Wuhan City, Hubei Province as the pilot area, a four-level reverse logistics network covering Hongshan District, Wuchang District and Hankou District of Wuhan City is constructed.

[0020] (I) Hardware Implementation Recycling terminal layer Smart Recycling Locker 11: Made of stainless steel, measuring 1.8m × 1.2m × 0.8m, it features ambient temperature storage, refrigerated storage, and frozen storage areas with volumes of 0.5m³, 0.3m³, and 0.2m³ respectively. It is equipped with a QR code scanner, a high-definition camera, an infrared expiration date sensor, an ID card reader, a facial recognition module, a 4G / 5G / NB-IoT dual-mode communication module, an LCD display, and a points / cash incentive disbursement port. A built-in temperature sensor with an accuracy of ±0.1℃ automatically activates the cooling system and sends an alarm when the temperature exceeds the preset range.

[0021] Community medical point recycling stations 12, retail pharmacy recycling points 13, and DTP pharmacy dedicated recycling stations 14: Equipped with the same information collection and identity recognition equipment as smart recycling cabinets, and with the addition of manual service counters and drug storage cabinets, staff will assist users in completing drug recycling and incentive inquiries.

[0022] The pilot area has set up 50 smart recycling lockers, 20 community medical point recycling stations, 30 retail pharmacy recycling points, and 10 DTP pharmacy-specific recycling stations, covering areas with a user recycling demand density of ≥80%.

[0023] Regional distribution layer Municipal-level Pharmaceutical Reverse Logistics Distribution Center 21: Located in Dongxihu District, Wuhan City, covering an area of ​​5,000 square meters, it is equipped with a drug classification and quality inspection line, a cold chain temporary storage warehouse (1,000 m³, temperature 2-8℃), a normal temperature temporary storage warehouse (2,000 m³), ​​a logistics dispatch center, and a regional incentive clearing center; the quality inspection line includes automatic barcode scanning equipment, expiration date detection equipment, quality inspection equipment, and RAS-AB code verification equipment; the logistics dispatch center is equipped with a GIS map and logistics dispatch system to monitor the location and status of transfer vehicles in real time.

[0024] District-level transit warehouse 22: One district-level transit warehouse is set up in each of Hongshan District, Wuchang District and Hankou District. Each transit warehouse covers an area of ​​500 square meters and is equipped with temporary drug storage and sorting racks, short-distance transfer dispatching station and temperature monitoring equipment. It is responsible for the collection of drugs from recycling terminals within its jurisdiction.

[0025] Provincial processing layer Provincial-level Drug Disposal Center 31: Located in Ezhou City, Hubei Province, covering an area of ​​10,000 square meters, it is equipped with a high-temperature incinerator, chemical degradation equipment, a harmless landfill, and an environmental emission monitoring system; the incineration temperature of the high-temperature incinerator is ≥1100℃, and the flue gas emissions comply with the "Standard for Pollution Control of Medical Waste Incineration" (GB18484-2020); the environmental emission monitoring system monitors emission indicators such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter in real time, and the data is uploaded to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment system.

[0026] Drug Reuse Identification Center 32: In cooperation with provincial drug testing institutes, it is equipped with professional equipment such as high performance liquid chromatographs, gas chromatographs, and microbial detectors, and is responsible for in-depth quality testing and grading of reusable drugs.

[0027] Cloud platform control layer Ten Alibaba Cloud servers with 8 cores and 16GB of memory were configured to achieve load balancing and data redundancy backup. MySQL and MongoDB were used as databases to store structured data (user information, drug information, incentive data) and unstructured data (images, videos, trajectory data), respectively.

[0028] Hardware encryption device: The encryption device adopts the national cryptographic SM4 algorithm to encrypt and store blockchain data and user privacy data.

[0029] Communication network module It adopts China Mobile's 5G network and NB-IoT network to realize real-time data transmission between recycling terminals, distribution centers, processing centers and cloud platforms; the 5G network is used for high-speed transmission of large data information such as video and trajectory, and the NB-IoT network is used for low-power data transmission of recycling terminals, with standby power consumption ≤1W.

[0030] User terminal module Mobile App: Supports Android and iOS systems, developed in Java and Swift, with features including recycling appointment, QR code recycling, progress tracking, incentive redemption, and recycling instructions; WeChat Mini Programs: Developed based on the WeChat Developer Platform, with functions identical to mobile apps, allowing users to access them quickly and easily; Web-based: Developed based on HTML5, it supports access from desktop computers and is mainly used for backend management by enterprises and related departments.

[0031] (II) Software Implementation Network topology building block 41 Developed using ArcGIS Engine, this system integrates GIS map data from Wuhan, including layers for administrative divisions, road networks, population density, and drug usage. Based on the density of user recycling needs, the system uses the Thiessen polygon method to divide the recycling service radius and constructs a four-level network topology: "recycling terminal - district-level transfer warehouse - city-level distribution center - provincial-level processing center," which is then displayed in real time on the GIS map.

[0032] Node location optimization unit 42 The improved genetic algorithm was implemented in software using Python, based on the DEAP (Distributed Evolutionary Algorithms in Python) framework. Specific parameters were set as follows: population size of 100, crossover probability of 0.8, mutation probability of 0.1, and number of generations of evolution of 50; objective function weight coefficients α=0.45, β=0.35, and γ=0.2; constraints included node construction cost ≤ 5 million yuan, land area ≥ 100㎡, and distance from main road ≤ 500m.

[0033] Optimization results: The optimal number of smart recycling bins in Hongshan District, Wuhan City is 15. The district-level transfer warehouse is located on Luoyu Road in Hongshan District, and the city-level distribution center is located on Dongwu Avenue in Dongxihu District, both of which meet the objective function requirements.

[0034] Path planning unit 43 The ant colony algorithm is implemented in Python using the NetworkX library. Specific parameters are set as follows: 50 ants, pheromone evaporation coefficient of 0.1, pheromone enhancement coefficient of 2, and 100 iterations. The path planning constraints include: cold chain drug transport time ≤ 24 hours, ambient temperature drug transport time ≤ 48 hours, vehicle load ≤ 5 tons, and temperature control compliance rate ≥ 99.7%.

[0035] Optimization results: The optimal transfer route from the recycling terminal in Hongshan District to the district-level transfer warehouse has reduced the vehicle empty load rate from 30% to 8% and shortened the transfer time from 2 hours to 1.2 hours.

[0036] Incentive Allocation Engine 44 Developed using Java and integrated into the cloud platform's management layer, the multi-dimensional incentive allocation model has the following parameter settings: Basic user incentive U0 = 2 yuan / time; Category incentive coefficient a_i (prescription drugs = 5 yuan / box, OTC drugs = 2 yuan / box, cold chain drugs = 10 yuan / box); Quantity incentive coefficient b = 0.5 yuan / box (cumulative recycling ≥ 10 boxes); Continuous recycling incentive coefficient c = 1 yuan / time (continuous recycling ≥ 3 times); Recycling terminal operator node operation incentive = 500 yuan / month; Drug collection incentive = 0.1 yuan / box; Compliance operation incentive = 200 yuan / month (compliance score ≥ 95 points); Logistics company transshipment incentive = 0.2 yuan / box; Temperature control compliance incentive = 500 yuan / time; Timeliness achievement incentive = 300 yuan / time; Processing company processing incentive = 0.3 yuan / box; Reuse contribution incentive = 20% of the reuse revenue will be used as an environmental compliance incentive = 1000 yuan / month.

[0037] Data traceability blockchain unit 45 It adopts the Hyperledger Fabric consortium blockchain framework, is developed in Go, and includes nodes such as cloud platforms, relevant departments, Jointown Logistics, and Hubei Tianqin Pharmaceutical Processing Company; the block generation time is 10 minutes / block, the data is encrypted using the SHA-256 algorithm, and the on-chain data retention period is ≥10 years; it supports real-time query and traceability of drug information, recycling nodes, transfer tracks, quality inspection results, destruction records, and incentive distribution records.

[0038] Regulatory Interface 46 Developed using a RESTful API interface, it supports integration with relevant departments' systems, and data transmission is encrypted using the HTTPS protocol; it automatically generates "Drug Recycling Compliance Report," "Medical Waste Disposal Report," and "Medical Insurance Drug Recycling Supervision Report," which are regularly pushed to regulatory departments every month.

[0039] Example 2: Specific Execution Flow of the Method This embodiment takes Mr. Zhang, a resident of Hongshan District, Wuhan City, as an example to collect an expired box of cold chain prescription drugs (insulin, specification 300U / vial, batch number 20250501, expiration date 20260228) to describe in detail the specific execution process of the method of the present invention, corresponding to the overall process diagram in Figure 8.

[0040] Step S1: Requirements and Data Collection The cloud platform's management layer collects data through user terminal modules, including the population density of Hongshan District at 12,000 people per square kilometer, monthly drug usage of 500,000 boxes, and monthly generation of expired drugs at 50,000 boxes. Through the recycling terminal layer, it collects data on the existing recycling node distribution: 10 smart recycling cabinets and 5 community medical point recycling stations. Through interfaces with relevant departments, it collects data on Wuhan's drug recycling subsidies at 2 yuan per box, and the GSP (Good Supply Practice) regulations specify a cold chain drug transport temperature of 2-8℃ and a transport time of within 24 hours. The cloud platform stores this data in its recycling demand database and resource database.

[0041] Step S2: Multi-level network topology construction The network topology construction unit is based on ArcGIS maps, which geographically marks 10 smart recycling bins, 5 community medical point recycling stations, 1 district-level transfer warehouse, 1 municipal-level distribution center, and 1 provincial-level processing center in Hongshan District. Based on the recycling demand density, the service radius of the smart recycling bins is set to 0.8 kilometers, the service radius of the community medical point recycling stations is set to 1 kilometer, and the service radius of the district-level transfer warehouse is set to 8 kilometers. A four-level reverse logistics network topology of "recycling terminal - Hongshan District transfer warehouse - Wuhan City distribution center - Hubei Province processing center" is constructed, and the location and service range of each node are displayed in real time on the GIS map.

[0042] Step S3: Node Location and Quantity Optimization The node location optimization unit uses an improved genetic algorithm with the average user recycling time, unit drug transportation cost, and compliance score as objective functions to optimize the number and location of smart recycling bins in Hongshan District. After optimization, the number of smart recycling bins in Hongshan District increased to 15, with 5 new smart recycling bins located in Mr. Zhang's residential area, a nearby shopping mall, and a community service center. Mr. Zhang can walk to the nearest smart recycling bin in just 10 minutes. The district-level transfer warehouse is located on Luoyu Road in Hongshan District, with an average distance of 4 kilometers from each recycling terminal, meeting the requirements for logistics cost and transportation convenience.

[0043] Step S4: Dynamic Programming of Transit Routes Based on real-time traffic data of Wuhan (morning peak 7:00-9:00, evening peak 17:00-19:00), temperature control requirements for cold chain medicines (2-8℃), and transfer time requirements (within 24 hours), the route planning unit uses ant colony optimization to optimize the transfer routes from the Hongshan District recycling terminal to the district-level transfer warehouse and from the district-level transfer warehouse to the municipal distribution center. For cold chain medicines, dedicated transfer routes are planned to avoid traffic congestion sections, and refrigerated trucks are arranged for transfer. The transfer plan shows that the Hongshan District transfer warehouse arranges one short-distance transfer at 10:00 am and 4:00 pm every day, and the municipal distribution center arranges one long-distance transfer to the provincial processing center at 8:00 pm every day.

[0044] Step S5: Drug Recycling and Information Collection Mr. Zhang submitted a recycling appointment through a mobile app, selected "cold chain medicine recycling", and filled in the medicine name, specifications, batch number, expiration date and recycling time. The app automatically recommended the nearest smart recycling bin (800 meters away from Mr. Zhang's home). After arriving at the smart recycling bin, Mr. Zhang completed identity verification through the facial recognition module, and the APP automatically linked his incentive account. Mr. Zhang placed the insulin into the refrigerated storage area of ​​the smart recycling cabinet. The barcode scanner of the drug information collection unit scanned the QR code on the drug packaging box to collect information on the drug name, specifications, batch number, expiration date, and manufacturer. The camera took a picture of the drug's appearance, the infrared expiration date recognition sensor verified the expiration date, and the RAS-AB code verification device scanned the A code to view the basic information of the drug. After scratching off the A code, the B code was scanned to verify that the drug was a drug covered by medical insurance and was prohibited from being circulated again. The cloud platform's control layer uses a data traceability blockchain unit to record drug recycling start-up information in real time (recycling terminal ID, recycling time, user identity, and drug information), generating a unique drug traceability hash value. The incentive distribution unit pre-distributes a basic incentive of 2 yuan to Mr. Zhang's incentive account, and the APP pushes a notification in real time that "the basic incentive has been distributed".

[0045] Step S6: Drug Classification, Collection, and Transfer Once the refrigerated storage area of ​​the smart recycling bin reaches 80% full, it automatically sends a transfer request to the Hongshan District transfer warehouse. The request information includes the quantity and type of medicine, temperature control requirements, and the location of the recycling terminal. According to the dynamic transfer plan, the short-distance transfer dispatch unit of the Hongshan District transfer warehouse arranges refrigerated trucks to the smart recycling cabinet. The refrigerated trucks are equipped with temperature sensors and GPS positioning devices to upload the vehicle location and the temperature of the compartment (set to 5℃) in real time. After the refrigerated truck arrives at the smart recycling cabinet, the staff takes out the medicine, verifies that the medicine information matches the transfer request, and puts the medicine into the refrigerated compartment. The data transmission unit of the smart recycling cabinet uploads the medicine outbound record to the cloud platform. Following the optimal transfer route, the refrigerated truck arrived at the Hongshan District transit warehouse 1.2 hours later. Staff placed the medicines into the cold storage area of ​​the transit warehouse to complete the medicines warehousing. The data transmission unit of the transit warehouse uploaded the medicines warehousing record to the cloud platform. At 16:00 in the afternoon, the short-distance transfer vehicles from the Hongshan District transit warehouse transferred all the cold chain medicines in the refrigerated temporary storage area to the Wuhan distribution center in accordance with the dynamic transfer plan. During the transfer, the temperature of the vehicle compartment was maintained at 5℃, the GPS positioning device uploaded the vehicle trajectory in real time, and the cloud platform's route planning unit monitored the transfer status in real time, avoiding traffic congestion sections. The vehicle arrived at the Wuhan distribution center 1 hour later.

[0046] Step S7: Drug Classification, Quality Inspection and Identification The classification and quality inspection unit of the Wuhan distribution center conducts comprehensive quality inspection on the recycled insulin: automatic barcode scanning equipment scans the drug traceability hash value to retrieve the recycling starting point information; expiration date detection equipment verifies that the expiration date has expired; quality inspection equipment checks that the drug's appearance is undamaged and the seal is intact; and RAS-AB code verification equipment verifies the medical insurance reimbursement status again to confirm that it has been reimbursed. Based on the quality inspection results, the classification and quality inspection unit determined that the insulin was a "drug to be destroyed" and affixed a "to be destroyed" label to the drug packaging box; According to the dynamic allocation plan, the logistics dispatch unit of the Wuhan distribution center arranged for a long-distance refrigerated truck to transfer the insulin to the Hubei Provincial Drug Harmless Treatment Center, and the allocation information was uploaded to the cloud platform.

[0047] Step S8: Reuse and harmless treatment of pharmaceuticals Following the optimal route, the long-distance refrigerated truck arrived at the Hubei Provincial Drug Harmless Treatment Center 4 hours later. After the staff verified that the drug information matched the allocation information, the drugs were placed in the refrigerated temporary storage area for disposal. Based on the drug's properties, the classification and destruction unit selected high-temperature incineration to destroy the insulin, setting the incineration temperature to 1200℃ and the incineration time to 30 minutes. The environmental emission monitoring unit monitors the flue gas emission indicators during the incineration process in real time. The sulfur dioxide concentration is ≤50mg / m³, the nitrogen oxide concentration is ≤150mg / m³, and the particulate matter concentration is ≤10mg / m³, which meets the national standards. The destruction record storage unit takes videos of the incineration process, records the incineration time, temperature, emission indicators and operator information, and uploads the destruction records and videos to the data traceability blockchain unit. The cloud platform updates the traceability status of the drug in real time to "destroyed".

[0048] Step S9: Multi-dimensional Incentive Allocation and Distribution The incentive allocation engine calculates the incentive amount for each participating entity based on a preset incentive allocation model: Mr. Zhang: Basic incentive of 2 yuan + cold chain pharmaceutical category incentive of 10 yuan = 12 yuan; Smart recycling locker operator: Node operation incentive of 500 yuan / month + medicine collection incentive of 0.1 yuan / box × 1 box = 0.1 yuan + compliance operation incentive of 200 yuan / month = 700.1 yuan; Short-distance logistics companies (from Hongshan District transit warehouse to Wuhan distribution center): Transshipment incentive of 0.2 yuan / box × 1 box = 0.2 yuan + Temperature control compliance incentive of 500 yuan / time + Timeliness achievement incentive of 300 yuan / time = 800.2 yuan; Hubei Provincial Drug Harmless Treatment Center: Treatment incentive of 0.3 yuan / box × 1 box = 0.3 yuan + environmental compliance incentive of 1000 yuan / month = 1000.3 yuan; The incentive allocation engine combines relevant subsidies (2 yuan / box), enterprise recycling funds, and operating service fees to complete the settlement of incentive funds, resulting in a sufficient balance in the fund pool. The incentive distribution unit will transfer 12 yuan to Mr. Zhang's bank account (linked to the incentive account), 700.1 yuan to the smart recycling cabinet operator's account, 800.2 yuan to the short-distance logistics company's account, and 1000.3 yuan to the processing company's account via bank transfer. Incentive distribution records are uploaded to the data traceability blockchain unit, and Mr. Zhang's APP pushes a notification that "incentives have been received" in real time. The back-end systems of various enterprises display the incentive receipt information in real time.

[0049] Step S10: Network Dynamic Optimization and Monitoring The cloud platform's management layer analyzes the recycling data of Hongshan District every month: the user recycling participation rate has increased from 20% to 75%, the cold chain medicine transportation timeliness compliance rate is 99%, the temperature control compliance rate is 99.8%, the average user recycling time is 12 minutes, and the unit medicine reverse logistics cost has decreased by 32%; The number of smart recycling bins in Hongshan District was dynamically optimized using reinforcement learning algorithms, resulting in the addition of 3 smart recycling bins and further improving recycling convenience. The regulatory interface sends the "Drug Recycling Compliance Report," "Medical Waste Disposal Report," and "Medical Insurance Drug Recycling Supervision Report" to relevant departments every month. Relevant departments queried the entire process data of the insulin's recycling through the regulatory interface, confirming that the recycling, transportation, and destruction processes were compliant and that no illegal circulation issues occurred; relevant departments also verified the drug's medical insurance reimbursement status through the regulatory interface, confirming that there were no medical insurance issues.

[0050] Example 3: Performance Testing of the System and Method This embodiment performs performance tests on the system and method of the present invention. The test indicators include recycling convenience, logistics efficiency, incentive effect, traceability capability, and compliance. The test results are as follows:

[0051] Test results show that the system and method of the present invention have achieved the preset goals in terms of recycling convenience, logistics efficiency, incentive effect, traceability capability and compliance, and can effectively solve the technical pain points of the existing pharmaceutical reverse logistics system.

[0052] Industrial applicability: This invention discloses a multi-level reverse logistics network construction and incentive allocation system and method optimized for drug recycling convenience. It is developed using standardized hardware equipment and a mature software framework, and can be mass-produced and deployed. The method has a clear execution flow and can be automatically implemented by a computer program, making it suitable for the construction of a drug recycling reverse logistics system.

[0053] The system and method of this invention have been piloted in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and have achieved good economic and social benefits: the amount of expired drugs recycled in the pilot area increased by 65%, the illegal circulation rate dropped to below 0.1%, and medical insurance problems were effectively curbed; the cost of reverse logistics for drugs decreased by 32%, and the resource utilization rate of reused drugs increased by 25%; the user participation rate in recycling increased by 58%, and the enthusiasm of all participating entities was significantly improved.

[0054] The technical solution of this invention can be widely applied to pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, pharmaceutical retail enterprises, logistics enterprises, medical waste treatment enterprises and relevant regulatory departments, and has significant industrial applicability and market promotion value.

[0055] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art can readily implement the present invention based on the accompanying drawings and the above description. However, any modifications, alterations, or variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention, utilizing the disclosed technical content, are equivalent embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, any modifications, alterations, or variations made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-level reverse logistics network construction and incentive allocation system optimized for drug recycling convenience, characterized in that, include: The recycling terminal layer module includes distributed intelligent recycling cabinets, community medical point recycling stations, retail pharmacy recycling points, and dedicated recycling stations in DTP pharmacies. Each recycling terminal is equipped with a drug information collection unit, an identity recognition unit, a temperature-controlled storage unit, a data transmission unit, and an incentive distribution unit. The drug information collection unit includes a barcode scanner, a camera, and a drug expiration date recognition sensor to collect information such as the drug's name, specifications, batch number, expiration date, manufacturer, medical insurance reimbursement status, and appearance integrity. The identity recognition unit includes an ID card reader, a facial recognition module, and a user APP barcode scanning authentication interface to identify the recycling user's identity and bind the user's incentive account. The regional distribution layer module includes a municipal-level pharmaceutical reverse logistics distribution center and a district-level transit warehouse. The municipal-level pharmaceutical reverse logistics distribution center is equipped with a drug classification and quality inspection unit, a cold chain temporary storage unit, a logistics scheduling unit, a data aggregation unit, and a regional incentive settlement unit. The district-level transit warehouse is equipped with a drug temporary storage and sorting unit and a short-distance transfer scheduling unit, which are used to undertake the collection and short-distance transfer of drugs from the recycling terminal layer, so as to achieve seamless connection with the municipal-level distribution center. The provincial-level processing layer module includes a provincial-level drug harmless treatment center, a drug reuse identification center, and a provincial-level incentive control unit. The drug harmless treatment center is equipped with a classification and destruction unit, an environmental emission monitoring unit, and a destruction record storage unit, used for the compliant destruction of expired, deteriorated, and unusable drugs. The drug reuse identification center is equipped with a drug quality testing unit, a batch number traceability unit, and a reuse grading unit, used for quality identification of recycled drugs and classification of reuse levels. The cloud platform management layer module includes a network topology construction unit, a node location optimization unit, a path planning unit, an incentive allocation engine, a data traceability blockchain unit, a user management unit, an enterprise management unit, and a regulatory interface. The network topology construction unit is used to construct a "recycling terminal - district-level transit warehouse - city-level distribution center - provincial-level processing center" structure based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) and user recycling demand density. The system employs a four-level reverse logistics network topology. The node location optimization unit uses an improved genetic algorithm, with recycling convenience, logistics cost, and compliance as objective functions, to optimize the geographical location and number of nodes at each level. The route planning unit, based on dynamic traffic flow, drug temperature control requirements, and recycling timeliness, uses an ant colony algorithm to optimize short-distance transfer and long-distance allocation routes. The incentive allocation engine, based on drug attributes, recycling quantity, user contribution, enterprise participation, and relevant subsidy policies, constructs a multi-dimensional incentive allocation model to achieve precise incentive allocation for users, recycling terminal operators, logistics companies, and processing companies. The data traceability blockchain unit is used to store and verify the entire drug recycling process data on the blockchain, including drug information, recycling nodes, transfer trajectories, quality inspection results, destruction records, and incentive distribution records, ensuring data immutability and full traceability. The communication network module adopts 5G+NB-IoT dual-mode communication technology to realize real-time data transmission between the recycling terminal layer, regional distribution layer, provincial processing layer and cloud platform management layer, and supports low-power access of massive terminals and high-speed transmission of high-priority data. The user terminal module includes a mobile APP, a WeChat mini-program, and a web page, which are used by users to submit recycling appointments, check recycling progress, view incentive balances, redeem incentive benefits, and obtain recycling guidance.

2. A method for constructing and allocating incentives for a multi-level reverse logistics network optimized for drug recycling convenience, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Demand and Data Collection: The cloud platform management layer collects data on regional population density, drug usage, expired drug generation, existing recycling node distribution, logistics enterprise resources, relevant subsidy policies, and GSP compliance requirements through user terminal modules, recycling terminal layers, and regulatory interfaces to establish a recycling demand database and a resource database; S2. Multi-level network topology construction: The network topology construction unit is based on GIS map, which geographically marks recycling terminals, district-level transit warehouses, municipal-level distribution centers and provincial-level processing centers. The recycling service radius is divided according to the recycling demand density to construct a four-level reverse logistics network topology. The service radius of recycling terminals is set to 0.5-1 km, the service radius of district-level transit warehouses is set to 5-10 km, the municipal-level distribution center covers the entire administrative area of ​​the city, and the provincial-level processing center covers the entire administrative area of ​​the province. S3. Node Location and Quantity Optimization: The node location optimization unit adopts an improved genetic algorithm with the objective functions of recycling convenience (average user walking time ≤ 15 minutes), logistics cost (lowest unit drug transfer cost), and compliance (meeting GSP temperature control and medical waste transportation requirements), and with node construction cost, land resources, and transportation convenience as constraints, to optimize the geographical location and quantity of nodes at each level, and output the optimal node location and quantity configuration scheme; S4. Dynamic planning of transfer routes: Based on real-time traffic data, drug temperature control requirements (2-8℃ for cold chain drugs throughout the process), and collection time requirements (normal temperature drugs to be collected to the municipal distribution center within 48 hours, and cold chain drugs to be collected within 24 hours), the route planning unit uses the ant colony algorithm to optimize short-distance transfer (from the collection terminal to the district-level transfer warehouse, and from the district-level transfer warehouse to the municipal distribution center) and long-distance allocation (from the municipal distribution center to the provincial processing center), generates a dynamic transfer plan, and sends it to the logistics scheduling unit; S5. Drug Recycling and Information Collection: Users submit recycling appointments through the user terminal module or go directly to the recycling terminal. The identity recognition unit completes user identity authentication and binds incentive accounts. The drug information collection unit collects full-dimensional drug information. The cloud platform management layer records the drug recycling start-up information in real time through the data traceability blockchain unit. The temperature-controlled storage unit starts the corresponding temperature control mode according to the drug attributes. The incentive distribution unit pre-distributes basic incentives to user accounts. S6. Drug Classification and Transfer: After the recycling terminal is full or reaches the preset collection time, it sends a transfer request to the district-level transfer warehouse. Short-distance transfer vehicles complete the drug collection according to the dynamic transfer plan. The district-level transfer warehouse performs preliminary sorting of the drugs, temporarily storing cold chain drugs, room temperature drugs, and specially managed drugs. Then, the drugs are allocated to the municipal distribution center according to the transfer plan. During the transfer process, the data transmission unit uploads vehicle location, drug temperature control data, and transfer status in real time. S7. Drug Classification, Quality Inspection and Identification: The municipal distribution center's classification and quality inspection unit conducts comprehensive quality inspections on the recycled drugs, including visual inspection, expiration date verification, batch number traceability, medical insurance reimbursement status verification, and preliminary quality testing. The drugs are classified into reusable drugs, drugs to be destroyed, and specially managed drugs. Specially managed drugs are directly transferred to the provincial processing center's dedicated unit, while reusable drugs and drugs to be destroyed are allocated to the provincial drug recycling identification center and harmless treatment center, respectively. S8. Drug Reuse and Harmless Disposal: The provincial-level drug reuse assessment center conducts in-depth quality testing on reusable drugs, classifies them into reuse levels (charitable donation level, enterprise recycling level, raw material recycling level), and uploads the assessment results and treatment recommendations to the cloud platform control layer; the provincial-level drug harmless disposal center carries out compliant destruction of drugs to be destroyed, using high-temperature incineration, chemical degradation, or harmless landfill methods, the environmental emission monitoring unit monitors emission indicators in real time, and the destruction record storage unit uploads the destruction process video, data, and results to the data traceability blockchain unit; S9. Multi-dimensional Incentive Allocation and Distribution: The incentive allocation engine calculates incentive amounts for users, recycling terminal operators, logistics companies, and processing companies based on a preset incentive allocation model. User incentives include basic incentives, category incentives, quantity incentives, and continuous recycling incentives; recycling terminal operator incentives include node operation incentives, drug collection incentives, and compliance operation incentives; logistics company incentives include transfer incentives, temperature control compliance incentives, and timeliness achievement incentives; and processing company incentives include processing incentives, reuse contribution incentives, and environmental compliance incentives. The incentive allocation engine combines relevant subsidies, company investment, and reuse revenue to complete incentive fund settlement and distribute incentives to the respective entity accounts through the incentive distribution unit. Incentive distribution records are uploaded to the data traceability blockchain unit. S10. Network Dynamic Optimization and Supervision: The cloud platform control layer regularly analyzes recycling data, logistics efficiency, incentive distribution effectiveness, and user satisfaction, and uses reinforcement learning algorithms to dynamically optimize network topology, node location, path planning, and incentive allocation models; the supervision interface pushes recycling, transfer, quality inspection, destruction, and incentive data to relevant departments in real time, and accepts online supervision and data verification from relevant departments.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The objective function of the improved genetic algorithm is: ， Among them, T avg C represents the average user recycling time. unit C represents the unit cost of reverse logistics for pharmaceuticals. compliance The compliance score is calculated out of 100 points. α, β, and γ are weighting coefficients, where α + β + γ = 1, and α ≥ 0.4, β ≥ 0.3, and γ ≥ 0.

3.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional incentive allocation model of the incentive allocation engine is as follows: User incentive amount: , Where U0 is the basic stimulus, a i Let q be the category incentive coefficient for the i-th type of drug. i Let be the number of drugs of type i recovered, b be the quantity incentive coefficient, Q be the cumulative number of recovered drugs, c be the continuous recovery incentive coefficient, and N be the number of continuous recovery cycles.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data traceability blockchain unit adopts a consortium blockchain architecture, with nodes including a cloud platform control layer, regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical manufacturers, logistics companies, and processing companies. Block data includes drug hash values, recycling node IDs, transfer trajectories, quality inspection results, destruction records, incentive distribution records, and timestamps. The data is encrypted using the SHA-256 algorithm to ensure that the data is tamper-proof.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature-controlled storage unit of the recycling terminal includes a normal temperature storage area (0-30℃), a refrigerated storage area (2-8℃), and a frozen storage area (-20℃ to -10℃). Each storage area is equipped with an independent temperature sensor and refrigeration equipment. When the temperature exceeds the preset range, an alarm message is automatically sent to the recycling terminal operator and the cloud platform control layer.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drug classification and quality inspection in step S7 also includes using RAS-AB composite code technology to verify the drug's medical insurance reimbursement status. The scanning device scans code A to view the basic information of the drug, and after scratching off code A, scans code B to verify the medical insurance reimbursement status. If code B shows that it has been reimbursed, the drug is determined to be a medical insurance reimbursement drug and is prohibited from being circulated again. The relevant information is uploaded to the medical insurance department's supervision interface.

8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reuse revenue in step S9 includes public welfare donation subsidies, corporate recycling payments and raw material recycling payments. The sources of incentive funds include relevant special subsidies, pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise recycling funds, reuse revenue and recycling terminal operation service fees. The incentive allocation engine calculates the balance of the fund pool in real time to ensure that the incentives are fully distributed.

9. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dynamic optimization cycle in step S10 is once a month, and the optimization indicators include user recycling convenience (walking time, appointment response time), logistics efficiency (transfer timeliness, vehicle empty load rate), incentive effect (user participation rate, incentive fulfillment rate) and compliance (temperature control compliance rate, destruction compliance rate).

10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulatory interface supports integration with relevant departments' systems to achieve real-time data sharing and online verification, and supports the generation of "Drug Recycling Compliance Report", "Medical Waste Disposal Report" and "Medical Insurance Drug Recycling Supervision Report".

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