A rock breaking operation monitoring method based on image recognition
By using an image recognition-based rock breaking operation monitoring method, which utilizes high-speed cameras and convolutional neural networks to monitor the rock breaking process in real time, the problem of long time consumption and high cost in existing technologies has been solved, and efficient and safe rock breaking operation monitoring has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LIAONING UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing rock-breaking operation monitoring solutions are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient, making it difficult to achieve efficient and safe monitoring.
An image recognition-based rock breaking operation monitoring method is adopted, which uses high-speed cameras to acquire images in real time, uses image processing software for preprocessing and feature extraction, constructs a convolutional neural network model for intelligent discrimination, and combines rock displacement field and crack morphology characteristics for real-time monitoring and early warning.
It improves the safety and efficiency of rock breaking operations, reduces maintenance costs, enables rapid image recognition and processing, and enhances the synchronization efficiency of the detection and cleaning processes.
Smart Images
Figure CN122157143A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock engineering, specifically to a method for monitoring rock breaking operations based on image recognition. Background Technology
[0002] Rock breaking, or rock fracturing, is a technique that uses a power source to directly break and scatter rocks from their original location, or to cut and scatter rock masses into pieces. High-pressure pulse rock breaking technology serves as an example. Its principle involves using a high-voltage pulse power source to achieve rapid energy storage and instantaneous discharge, forming a high-energy plasma channel in a conductive medium such as water. This channel expands rapidly, generating strong shock waves and cavitation effects. The shock waves propagate into the rock as stress waves. When the stress exceeds the rock's tensile and compressive strength, numerous microcracks initiate within the rock and rapidly propagate and penetrate, ultimately achieving overall rock fracturing.
[0003] In recent years, with the further development of rock breaking technology, relevant personnel have conducted in-depth research on the safety aspects of rock breaking operations and disclosed some monitoring schemes. For example, large-scale sensors are deployed in the work area to monitor the state characteristics of the rock before and after rock fracturing in the target area in real time, such as rock displacement field characteristics and crack morphology. However, although the above monitoring schemes have achieved certain technical effects, they are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and difficult to improve efficiency. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, this application will provide a rock breaking operation monitoring method based on image recognition. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application proposes an image recognition-based method for monitoring rock breaking operations, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: a rock breaking operation monitoring method based on image recognition, comprising the following operational steps: S1, Real-time image acquisition of rock breaking A high-speed camera was used to capture real-time images of the rock-breaking device breaking several samples in the direction of the free surface of the sample, and real-time images of the rock-breaking process were collected. S2. Process the images acquired in real time. Image processing software is used to preprocess the acquired images, including noise reduction and contrast enhancement; S3. Perform feature extraction on the image. Rock displacement field features and crack morphology were extracted using digital image processing technology to establish a labeled dataset. S4. Constructing the recognition model A rock-breaking pattern recognition model was constructed by training a convolutional neural network on the labeled dataset. S5, Intelligent Judgment and Early Warning The trained CNN model is deployed to real-world scenarios to perform real-time intelligent discrimination on newly acquired images.
[0006] Preferably, the image processing software used in step S2 is OpenCV, the model structure in step S4 includes convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers, and the CNN model in step S5 can combine displacement field features and motion parameter analysis to provide early warning of potential rock breaking risks and provide decision support for operational safety.
[0007] Preferably, the specific extraction method of rock displacement field features and crack morphology features in step S3 includes using digital image technology to identify and record deformation data of several detection positions generated by the corresponding algorithm on the compressed rock surface in real time, and calculating the displacement increment of each detection position over time, the average value, variance and coefficient of variation of the displacement increment; Based on the calculated range of the coefficient of variation of displacement increment at each detection location, the displacement increment change at each detection location is determined. The stability state of the rock is judged based on the degree of displacement increment change. Digital image correlation processing is performed on the photos of the failure process using data analysis software to obtain the displacement field characteristics of the sample and to identify the failure mode based on the displacement field characteristics. Then, a data label set is established based on the range of displacement increment change at each measuring point.
[0008] A rock-breaking device includes a press body and a pressing mechanism fitted inside the top of the press body. The top of the press body is equipped with an automatic cleaning support mechanism that can be pressed by the pressing mechanism. The automatic cleaning support mechanism includes a semi-open platform fixed to the top of the press body, and a top plate is hinged to the top of the semi-open platform via a pin. A power component capable of driving the pin is installed on one side of the semi-open platform, and the top plate can be automatically rotated and adjusted under the combined transmission of the power component and the pin. Positioning structures are provided on both sides of the top of the semi-open platform. The output structure of the positioning structure can penetrate the top structure of the semi-open platform and be engaged with the inside of the top plate to limit and support the top plate. The front and rear ends of the semi-open platform are respectively provided with cleaning structures and guide cylinders. One end of the guide cylinder extends to the outer rear end of the press body. The cleaning structure includes a baffle and a first electric push rod. The first electric push rod is installed on the side structure of the semi-open platform and is connected to a linkage frame fixed to the front end of the baffle. Under the combined transmission of the first electric push rod and the linkage frame, the linkage frame can push the broken sample that has been tilted and dumped into the semi-open platform into the guide cylinder for self-cleaning.
[0009] Preferably, the power assembly includes a reducer and a first brake servo motor. The input end of the reducer is connected to the output end of the first brake servo motor, and the output end of the reducer is connected to the corresponding end of the pin. The housing surface of the reducer and the housing surface of the first brake servo motor are connected together to a support frame mounted on the side surface of the semi-open platform.
[0010] Preferably, the positioning structure includes a second electric push rod and a linkage plate. The front and rear ends of the top of the linkage plate are fixed with reinforcing rods that penetrate the top structure of the semi-open platform. The middle part of the linkage plate is connected to the output end of the second electric push rod. Constraint holes are provided on both sides of the top plate. The reinforcing rods can be engaged with or disengaged from the corresponding constraint holes under the combined transmission of the second electric push rod and the linkage plate.
[0011] Preferably, a rock-breaking protection component is fitted on the outside of the press body. The rock-breaking protection component includes an auxiliary support, and a transparent sleeve is installed on the top of the auxiliary support, which can be movably connected with the press body and the pressing mechanism. The inner wall of the top of the transparent sleeve is fixedly connected to the top surface of the press body. The front end structure of the transparent sleeve has a clearance groove, and an automatic closing structure is provided outside the clearance groove.
[0012] Preferably, the automatic sealing structure includes a transparent arc-shaped plate, a first gear, and a second brake servo motor. A first support bearing is installed between the top outer side of the transparent sleeve and the top inner wall of the transparent arc-shaped plate, and an arc-shaped toothed plate is fixed to the top inner wall of the transparent arc-shaped plate. The first gear meshes with the arc-shaped toothed plate and is connected to the output end of the second brake servo motor. A first positioning bracket is installed between the housing surface of the second brake servo motor and the top surface of the transparent sleeve. The transparent arc-shaped plate can cover and close the clearance groove or allow it to move away from the clearance groove when the second brake servo motor outputs power through the meshing of the arc-shaped toothed plate with the first gear.
[0013] Preferably, a positioning ring plate is fixed to the top of the auxiliary bracket, and a second support bearing is fitted inside and outside the positioning ring plate. An annular sleeve that can be synchronously connected with the two second support bearings is fitted on one side of the positioning ring plate. The high-speed camera can be installed on the top of the annular sleeve and there is a clearance between it and the transparent arc plate.
[0014] Preferably, the outer side of the annular sleeve is provided with a meshing linkage structure, which includes a third gear, a third brake servo motor, and a second gear. The second gear is fitted on the bottom outer surface of the annular sleeve and meshes with the third gear for transmission. The output end of the third brake servo motor is connected to the middle of the third gear for transmission. A second positioning bracket is installed between the housing surface of the third brake servo motor and the top of the auxiliary bracket. The high-speed camera and the annular sleeve can automatically rotate and move under the rotation output of the third brake servo motor through the third gear to the second gear.
[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The rock breaking operation monitoring method based on image recognition provided by the present invention uses image recognition technology to monitor and intelligently analyze rock breaking operations in real time. Compared with the existing technology that monitors outputs from several sensors set up in the detection area, it can effectively improve operational safety and reduce maintenance costs. Moreover, compared with the existing technology that takes a long time and involves complex data, the rock breaking operation monitoring method based on image recognition of this application is faster in terms of processing efficiency.
[0016] 2. The rock-breaking device provided by this invention comprises a press body, a compression mechanism, a semi-open platform, and a top plate, forming a press testing device. When used in conjunction with a power unit and a positioning structure, it can not only automatically compress and test designated samples, but also achieve a self-cleaning effect by automatically repositioning the positioning structure and using the power unit to flip and drive the top plate, causing the crushed sample on the top surface of the top plate to tilt into the semi-open platform. This improves the efficiency of the testing operation. 3. The rock-breaking device provided by the present invention, when the cleaning structure, guide cylinder and pressure testing equipment are used in combination, can, without interfering with the sample testing, have the broken sample inside the semi-open platform pushed to the guide cylinder by the cleaning structure and collected centrally by the guide cylinder, thereby synchronizing the testing process and the cleaning process. This can improve the operational efficiency of the image recognition-based rock-breaking operation monitoring method provided by this application from the perspective of hardware structure operation, and further optimize the use effect.
[0017] 4. The rock-breaking device provided by the present invention, when used in combination with the pressure testing equipment, can adjust the opening and closing of the automatic sealing structure to allow for the placement and removal of samples from the top surface of the roof while simultaneously protecting the sample testing area. This further enhances the operational safety of the image recognition-based rock-breaking operation monitoring method provided in this application from a hardware structure perspective.
[0018] 5. The rock-breaking device provided by the present invention has a positioning ring plate, annular sleeve and meshing linkage structure forming a multi-functional support platform. When used in combination with a high-speed camera, it can provide support for fixed-point shooting or circular cruise shooting operations at different angles for the high-speed camera, further enriching the image database. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the rock-breaking device in this invention; Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the rock-breaking device in this invention; Figure 4 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the rock-breaking device in this invention; Figure 5 This is a front view schematic diagram of the semi-open platform in this invention; Figure 6 This is a top view of the top plate in this invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the top plate in this invention; Figure 8 This is a left-side schematic diagram of the cleaning structure in this invention; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cleaning structure in this invention; Figure 10 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the annular sleeve in this invention.
[0020] In the diagram: 1. High-speed camera; 2. Press body; 3. Pressing mechanism; 4. Auxiliary support; 5. Semi-open platform; 6. Top plate; 7. Reducer; 8. First brake servo motor; 9. Cleaning structure; 91. Baffle; 92. Linkage frame; 93. First electric push rod; 10. Guide cylinder; 11. Second electric push rod; 12. Linkage plate; 13. Reinforcing rod; 14. Constraint hole; 15. Transparent sleeve; 16. Transparent arc plate; 17. First gear; 18. Second brake servo motor; 19. Positioning ring plate; 20. Second support bearing; 21. Annular sleeve; 22. Second gear; 23. Third gear; 24. Third brake servo motor. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to preferred embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0022] like Figure 1A method for monitoring rock breaking operations based on image recognition includes the following steps: S1, Real-time image acquisition of rock breaking A high-speed camera 1 was used to capture real-time images of the rock-breaking device breaking several samples in the direction of the free surface of the sample, and real-time images of the rock-breaking process were collected. S2. Process the images acquired in real time. The acquired images were preprocessed using image processing software, including noise reduction and contrast enhancement. The image processing software used was OpenCV. S3. Perform feature extraction on the image. Rock displacement field features and crack morphology were extracted using digital image processing technology to establish a labeled dataset. The specific extraction methods for rock displacement field characteristics and crack morphology characteristics include using digital image technology to identify and record deformation data of several detection positions generated by corresponding algorithms on the compressed rock surface in real time, and calculating the displacement increment of each detection position over time, the average value, variance and coefficient of variation of the displacement increment; Based on the range of variation of displacement increment coefficients at each detection location, the displacement increment change at each detection location is determined. The stability of the rock is judged based on the degree of displacement increment change. Digital image correlation processing is performed on the photos of the failure process using data analysis software to obtain the sample displacement field characteristics. The failure mode is then determined based on the displacement field characteristics. Finally, a data tag set is established based on the range of displacement increment change at each measuring point. S4. Constructing the recognition model A rock breaking pattern recognition model is constructed by training a labeled dataset using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The model structure includes convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers, which are used to automatically extract image features and classify breaking patterns. S5, Intelligent Judgment and Early Warning The trained CNN model is deployed to a real-world scenario to perform real-time intelligent discrimination on newly acquired images. The CNN model can combine displacement field features and motion parameter analysis to provide early warning of potential rock breaking risks and provide decision support for operational safety.
[0023] In summary, the image recognition-based rock breaking operation monitoring method provided in this application uses image recognition technology for real-time monitoring and intelligent analysis of rock breaking operations. Compared with existing technologies that monitor outputs from several sensors set up in the detection area, this method can effectively improve operational safety and reduce maintenance costs. Furthermore, compared with existing technologies that require a long time and deal with complex data, the image recognition-based rock breaking operation monitoring method of this application is faster in terms of processing efficiency.
[0024] like Figures 5-9A rock-breaking device includes a press body 2 and a pressing mechanism 3 fitted inside the top of the press body 2. An automatic cleaning support mechanism capable of being pressed by the pressing mechanism 3 is installed on the top of the press body 2. The automatic cleaning support mechanism includes a semi-open platform 5 fixed to the top of the press body 2. A top plate 6 is hinged to the top of the semi-open platform 5 by a pin. A power component capable of driving the pin is installed on one side of the semi-open platform 5. The top plate 6 can be automatically rotated and adjusted under the combined transmission of the power component and the pin. The power assembly includes a reducer 7 and a first brake servo motor 8. The input end of the reducer 7 is connected to the output end of the first brake servo motor 8, and the output end of the reducer 7 is connected to the corresponding end of the pin. The housing surface of the reducer 7 and the housing surface of the first brake servo motor 8 are connected together to a support frame mounted on the side surface of the semi-open platform 5 to ensure the stable output effect of the reducer 7 and the first brake servo motor 8 during subsequent continuous use. Positioning structures are provided on both sides of the top of the semi-open platform 5. The output structure of the positioning structure can penetrate the top structure of the semi-open platform 5 and be engaged with the interior of the top plate 6 to provide limiting support for the top plate 6. The positioning structure includes a second electric push rod 11 and a linkage plate 12. The front and rear ends of the top of the linkage plate 12 are fixed with reinforcing rods 13 that penetrate the top structure of the semi-open platform 5. The middle part of the linkage plate 12 is connected to the output end of the second electric push rod 11. Constraint holes 14 are provided on both sides of the top plate 6. The reinforcing rods 13 can be engaged with the corresponding constraint holes 14 for limiting or disengaging under the combined transmission of the second electric push rod 11 and the linkage plate 12. When the positioning structure is used in conjunction with the top plate 6, it can meet the flexible use requirements of the reciprocating rotation adjustment of the top plate 6 and ensure that the top plate 6 provides good support for the sample during the detection process. The semi-open platform 5 is provided with a cleaning structure 9 and a guide cylinder 10 at its front and rear ends, respectively. One end of the guide cylinder 10 extends to the outer rear end of the press body 2. The cleaning structure 9 includes a baffle 91 and a first electric push rod 93. The first electric push rod 93 is installed on the side structure of the semi-open platform 5 and is connected to a linkage frame 92 fixed to the front end of the baffle 91. Under the combined transmission of the first electric push rod 93 and the linkage frame 92, the linkage frame 92 can push the broken sample that has been tilted and dumped into the semi-open platform 5 into the guide cylinder 10 for self-cleaning.
[0025] When using this rock-breaking device, the specific procedures for sample destruction detection are as follows: The sample is placed on the top surface of the middle part of the top plate 6, and the compression mechanism 3 is started. The output structure inside the compression mechanism 3 automatically compresses and crushes the sample. At the same time, the high-speed camera 1 is set in the direction of the free surface of the sample to capture the entire sample crushing process in real time. After the pressure test of a sample is completed and the output structure inside the pressure mechanism 3 is reset, the two second electric push rods 11 are started first. The two second electric push rods 11 drive the corresponding reinforcing rods 13 to move away from the top plate 6 through their respective linkage plates 12, thereby restoring the degree of freedom of the top plate 6 to flip and adjust. Start the first brake servo motor 8, which drives the top plate 6 to rotate 90 degrees through the reducer 7 and the pin shaft. This causes the broken sample on the top surface of the top plate 6 to be poured into the interior of the semi-open platform 5. After completion, restart the first brake servo motor 8, which drives the top plate 6 to reset through the reducer 7 and the pin shaft. After the top plate 6 returns to a horizontal state, close the two second electric push rods 11. The two second electric push rods 11 drive the corresponding reinforcing rods 13 through their respective linkage plates 12 to re-engage with the constraint holes 14 on both sides of the top plate 6, restoring the structural reinforcement effect of the top plate 6. After the surface of the top plate 6 is cleaned, the next sample to be tested is placed on the top surface of the top plate 6. Then, the above operation steps are repeated to perform the same test. At the same time, the first electric push rod 93, which was originally in the open state, is turned off. The first electric push rod 93 drives the baffle 91 to move synchronously through the linkage frame 92. Then, the baffle 91 automatically presses and transports the broken sample fragments inside the semi-open platform 5 into the interior of the guide cylinder 10, and then collects them through the guide cylinder 10. The synchronous operation of the testing process and the cleaning process can improve the operation efficiency of the rock breaking operation monitoring method based on image recognition provided in this application from the perspective of hardware structure operation, and further optimize the use effect.
[0026] like Figures 2-4 The outer side of the press body 2 is fitted with a rock-breaking protection component, which includes an auxiliary support 4. The top of the auxiliary support 4 is equipped with a transparent sleeve 15 that can be movably connected with the press body 2 and the pressing mechanism 3. The inner wall of the top of the transparent sleeve 15 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the press body 2. The front end structure of the transparent sleeve 15 is provided with a clearance groove to meet the sample loading and unloading space requirements during the reciprocating detection process. An automatic sealing structure is provided outside the clearance groove to seal the detection area and improve the safety effect during the detection process. The automatic sealing structure includes a transparent arc-shaped plate 16, a first gear 17, and a second brake servo motor 18. A first support bearing is installed between the top outer side of the transparent sleeve 15 and the top inner wall of the transparent arc-shaped plate 16, thereby improving the stability of the transparent arc-shaped plate 16 during subsequent reciprocating rotation. An arc-shaped toothed plate is fixed to the top inner wall of the transparent arc-shaped plate 16. The first gear 17 meshes with the arc-shaped toothed plate and is connected to the output end of the second brake servo motor 18. A first positioning bracket is installed between the housing surface of the second brake servo motor 18 and the top surface of the transparent sleeve 15 to ensure the stability of the second brake servo motor 18 during subsequent continuous use. Under the output of the second brake servo motor 18 through the meshing of the arc-shaped toothed plate with the first gear 17, the transparent arc-shaped plate 16 can cover and close the clearance groove or separate it, satisfying the flexibility of switching between different usage states.
[0027] In order to meet the safety requirements during the sample crushing and testing process, this rock-breaking device is operated in conjunction with structures such as the transparent sleeve 15 and the transparent arc plate 16. The specific operating steps are as follows: When a sample needs to be placed, the second brake servo motor 18 is activated. The output of the second brake servo motor 18 drives the first gear 17 to rotate synchronously. The first gear 17 then engages with the transparent arc plate 16 until the transparent arc plate 16 completely clears the clearance slot, providing sufficient clearance space for the user to pick up and place the sample. After the sample is placed on top of the top plate 6 or removed, the second brake servo motor 18 is restarted. The output of the second brake servo motor 18 drives the first gear 17 to rotate synchronously. The first gear 17 then engages with the transparent arc plate 16 until the transparent arc plate 16 resets and covers and seals the clearance slot again. This seals the detection area, further improving the operational safety of the image recognition-based rock breaking operation monitoring method provided in this application from a hardware structure perspective.
[0028] like Figures 2-4 , Figure 10 The top of the auxiliary bracket 4 is fixed with a positioning ring plate 19, and the inner and outer sides of the positioning ring plate 19 are fitted with second support bearings 20. One side of the positioning ring plate 19 is fitted with an annular sleeve 21 that can be synchronously connected with the two second support bearings 20. The high-speed camera 1 can be installed on the top of the annular sleeve 21 and there is a clearance between it and the transparent arc plate 16 to avoid structural interference. The outer side of the annular sleeve 21 is provided with a meshing linkage structure, which includes a third gear 23, a third brake servo motor 24, and a second gear 22. The second gear 22 is fitted on the bottom outer surface of the annular sleeve 21 and meshes with the third gear 23 for transmission. The output end of the third brake servo motor 24 is connected to the middle of the third gear 23 for transmission. A second positioning bracket is installed between the housing surface of the third brake servo motor 24 and the top of the auxiliary bracket 4. The high-speed camera 1 and the annular sleeve 21 can automatically rotate and move under the rotation output of the third brake servo motor 24 through the third gear 23 to the second gear 22, thereby meeting the shooting needs of different positions.
[0029] When in use, considering the need for a rich image database, this application can perform fixed-point shooting or circular cruise shooting from different angles for the high-speed camera 1. The specific operation is as follows: For fixed-point shooting at different angles, the high-speed camera 1 is mounted on the top of the annular sleeve 21. After the shooting of a sample crushing process is completed, the third brake servo motor 24 is started. The third brake servo motor 24 meshes with the second gear 22 through the third gear 23, thereby causing the annular sleeve 21 to drive the high-speed camera 1 to rotate at a specified interval, and then shoot the subsequent crushing of the same sample from different angles. For cruise photography during the sample process, the third brake servo motor 24 is activated. The third brake servo motor 24 continuously meshes with the second gear 22 through the third gear 23, which in turn causes the annular sleeve 21 to drive the high-speed camera 1 to rotate and move in a circle along the semi-open platform 5, thereby capturing a comprehensive image of the sample during the crushing process and further enriching the relevant database.
[0030] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention. The invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A method for monitoring rock breaking operations based on image recognition, characterized in that: The following are the operational steps: S1, Real-time image acquisition of rock breaking. A high-speed camera was used to capture real-time images of the rock-breaking device breaking several samples in the direction of the free surface of the sample, and real-time images of the rock-breaking process were collected. S2. Process the images acquired in real time. Image processing software is used to preprocess the acquired images, including noise reduction and contrast enhancement; S3. Perform feature extraction on the image. Rock displacement field features and crack morphology were extracted using digital image processing technology to establish a labeled dataset. S4. Constructing the recognition model A rock-breaking pattern recognition model was constructed by training a label dataset using a convolutional neural network (CNN). S5, Intelligent Judgment and Early Warning The trained CNN model is deployed to real-world scenarios to perform real-time intelligent discrimination on newly acquired images.
2. The image recognition-based rock breaking operation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the image processing software used is OpenCV. In step S4, the model structure includes convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers. In step S5, the CNN model can combine displacement field features and motion parameter analysis to provide early warning of potential rock breaking risks.
3. The image recognition-based rock breaking operation monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific extraction methods for rock displacement field features and crack morphology features in step S3 include using digital image technology to identify and record deformation data of several detection positions generated by the corresponding algorithm on the compressed rock surface in real time, and calculating the displacement increment, average value, variance and coefficient of variation of each detection position over time. Based on the calculated range of the coefficient of variation of displacement increment at each detection location, the displacement increment change at each detection location is determined. The stability state of the rock is judged based on the degree of displacement increment change. Digital image correlation processing is performed on the photos of the failure process using data analysis software to obtain the displacement field characteristics of the sample and to identify the failure mode based on the displacement field characteristics. Then, a data label set is established based on the range of displacement increment change at each measuring point.
4. A rock-breaking device, applied in the image recognition-based rock-breaking operation monitoring method of claim 1, characterized in that: The rock-breaking device includes a press body (2) and a pressing mechanism (3) fitted inside the top of the press body (2). The top of the press body (2) is equipped with an automatic cleaning support mechanism that can be pressed by the pressing mechanism (3). The automatic cleaning support mechanism includes a semi-open platform (5) fixed to the top of the press body (2). A top plate (6) is hinged to the top of the semi-open platform (5) by a pin. A power component capable of driving the pin is installed on one side of the semi-open platform (5). The top plate (6) can be automatically rotated and adjusted under the combined transmission of the power component and the pin. The semi-open platform (5) is provided with positioning structures on both sides of the top, and the output structure of the positioning structure can penetrate the top structure of the semi-open platform (5) and be snapped into the interior of the top plate (6) to provide limiting support for the top plate (6). The front and rear ends of the semi-open platform (5) are respectively provided with cleaning structure (9) and guide cylinder (10), and one end of the guide cylinder (10) extends to the rear outer side of the press body (2). The cleaning structure (9) includes a baffle (91) and a first electric push rod (93). The first electric push rod (93) is installed on the side structure of the semi-open platform (5) and is connected to a linkage frame (92) fixed to the front end of the baffle (91). Under the combined transmission of the first electric push rod (93) and the linkage frame (92), the linkage frame (92) can push the broken sample that is tilted and dumped into the semi-open platform (5) into the guide cylinder (10) for self-cleaning.
5. A rock-breaking device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power assembly includes a reducer (7) and a first brake servo motor (8). The input end of the reducer (7) is connected to the output end of the first brake servo motor (8), and the output end of the reducer (7) is connected to the corresponding end of the pin. The housing surface of the reducer (7) and the housing surface of the first brake servo motor (8) are connected together to a support frame installed on the side surface of the semi-open platform (5).
6. A rock-breaking device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning structure includes a second electric push rod (11) and a linkage plate (12). The front and rear ends of the top of the linkage plate (12) are fixed with reinforcing rods (13) that penetrate the top structure of the semi-open platform (5). The middle part of the linkage plate (12) is connected to the output end of the second electric push rod (11). Constraint holes (14) are provided on both sides of the top plate (6). The reinforcing rod (13) can be engaged with the corresponding constraint hole (14) for limiting or disengaging under the combined transmission of the second electric push rod (11) and the linkage plate (12).
7. A rock-breaking device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer side of the press body (2) is fitted with a rock-breaking protection component. The rock-breaking protection component includes an auxiliary support (4), and the top of the auxiliary support (4) is fitted with a transparent sleeve (15) that can be movably connected with the press body (2) and the pressing mechanism (3). The inner wall of the top of the transparent sleeve (15) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the press body (2). The front end structure of the transparent sleeve (15) is provided with a clearance groove, and an automatic closing structure is provided outside the clearance groove.
8. A rock-breaking device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The automatic sealing structure includes a transparent arc plate (16), a first gear (17), and a second brake servo motor (18). A first support bearing is installed between the top outer side of the transparent sleeve (15) and the top inner wall of the transparent arc plate (16), and an arc toothed plate is fixed on the top inner wall of the transparent arc plate (16). The first gear (17) meshes with the arc toothed plate and is connected to the output end of the second brake servo motor (18). A first positioning bracket is installed between the housing surface of the second brake servo motor (18) and the top surface of the transparent sleeve (15). The transparent arc plate (16) can cover and close the clearance groove or allow it to move away from the second brake servo motor (18) through the meshing output of the arc toothed plate by the first gear (17).
9. A rock-breaking device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the auxiliary bracket (4) is fixed with a positioning ring plate (19), and the inner and outer sides of the positioning ring plate (19) are fitted with second support bearings (20). One side of the positioning ring plate (19) is fitted with an annular sleeve (21) that can be synchronously connected with the two second support bearings (20). The high-speed camera (1) can be installed on the top of the annular sleeve (21) and there is a clearance between it and the transparent arc plate (16).
10. A rock-breaking device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer side of the annular sleeve (21) is provided with a meshing linkage structure, which includes a third gear (23), a third brake servo motor (24), and a second gear (22). The second gear (22) is fitted on the bottom outer surface of the annular sleeve (21) and meshes with the third gear (23) for transmission. The output end of the third brake servo motor (24) is connected to the middle of the third gear (23) for transmission. A second positioning bracket is installed between the housing surface of the third brake servo motor (24) and the top of the auxiliary bracket (4). The high-speed camera (1) and the annular sleeve (21) can automatically rotate and move under the rotation output of the third brake servo motor (24) through the third gear (23) to the second gear (22).