An adaptive thermal management explosion-proof battery system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of self-adapting thermal management explosion-proof battery system, it is related to the technical field of explosion-proof battery pack.The present application includes A battery pack and B battery pack, each battery pack is provided with multiple electric cores and corresponding independent explosion-proof components.Explosion-proof components are triggered based on the pressure generated by electric core thermal runaway, and the release mechanism is driven through the pressure guide structure to make the electric core separate from the installation position and slide into the electronic fluorination liquid at the bottom of the stainless steel shell, achieving rapid heat absorption and isolation.The system is also provided with a flow guide pipe and a filter tank to direct high-temperature gas into distilled water and multiple filter screens for cooling and filtering treatment.Meanwhile, the central controller realizes linear regulation of battery pack output power and automatic switching of double battery packs based on temperature monitoring, ensuring power continuity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of explosion-proof battery pack technology, specifically to an adaptive thermal management explosion-proof battery system. Background Technology

[0002] Existing battery systems, especially battery packs used in high-power output or confined environments, typically employ a centralized packaging structure. This means multiple cells are uniformly installed inside the same battery casing and secured with simple support structures. When a cell experiences thermal runaway, existing structures often only release gas through pressure relief channels or safety valves. However, this release is usually non-directional, meaning the high-temperature gas and heat diffuse within the battery pack, easily transferring to adjacent cells and triggering a chain reaction of thermal runaway, leading to overall failure or even an explosion risk. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an adaptive thermal management explosion-proof battery system, comprising a battery pack A and a battery pack B, both of which include stainless steel shells. Each stainless steel shell has two vents, which connect the interiors of the two stainless steel shells. A guide pipe is fixedly connected to one of the vents on the stainless steel shell, while the vent on the other stainless steel shell is sealed. Multiple battery cells are fixedly installed in the middle of the inner wall of each of the two stainless steel shells via two supporting skirt rods. Each battery cell is equipped with an independent explosion-proof component, which is used to independently isolate all battery cells to prevent heat spread. Each stainless steel shell contains an electronic fluorinated liquid, wherein the explosion-proof component is used to eject the corresponding battery cell into the electronic fluorinated liquid inside the stainless steel shell, so that the electronic fluorinated liquid absorbs the heat emitted by the battery cell under thermal runaway conditions.

[0004] Preferably, the explosion-proof assembly includes a sliding explosion-proof housing fixed to the supporting skirt rod, wherein the battery cell is slidably disposed in the inner wall of the sliding explosion-proof housing along the direction of gravity, and the electrodes of the battery cell and the pressure relief valve are located at the top of the sliding explosion-proof housing, and a pressure generating chamber is reserved between the pressure relief valve of the battery cell and the top of the sliding explosion-proof housing.

[0005] Preferably, the sliding explosion-proof housing has two symmetrically arranged pressure relief chambers inside. Each pressure relief chamber is fixedly supported by multiple reinforcing ribs to enhance the overall strength of the sliding explosion-proof housing. A piston strip is slidably sealed at the bottom of the pressure relief chamber. Two symmetrically arranged release actuator plates are fixedly installed on the lower surface of the piston strip, and each release actuator plate has an inclined release groove. The piston strip is connected to the top of the inner wall of the pressure relief chamber by two hanging ropes to prevent the piston strip from sliding down the pressure relief chamber under gravity. The side of the battery cell away from the pressure relief valve rests on the battery cell heat insulation support plate. The battery cell heat insulation support plate has an embedded aerogel layer. The two edges of the lower surface of the battery cell heat insulation support plate slide on two symmetrically arranged release pin plates. The contact surface between the release pin plate and the battery cell heat insulation support plate is designed with a low coefficient of friction, for example, by setting ball bearings on the side of the release pin plate facing the battery cell heat insulation support plate.

[0006] Preferably, the release pin plate slides horizontally through the pressure release chamber, the release pin plate is positioned between the two release actuator plates, and the release pin plate also slides with the release actuator plates. A sliding pin is fixed on the release pin plate, and the sliding pin is slidably positioned in the release groove. When the release actuator plate moves downward, it will drive the two release pin plates to move away from each other. Each pressure release chamber has a pressure relief hole at the bottom, and all pressure relief holes are sealed with a plastic film.

[0007] Preferably, the top of the pressure release chamber is provided with a pressure guide port for communicating with the pressure generating chamber. The inner wall of each pressure generating chamber is fixed with two conductive contacts that are conductively connected to the electrode of the battery cell. Each conductive contact is conductively connected to the electrode of the battery cell through an arc-shaped spring conductive plate. The arc-shaped spring conductive plate is fixedly connected to the conductive contact and is conductively connected to the electrode of the battery cell.

[0008] Preferably, both conductive contacts are fixed on a ceramic sealing plate, and the ceramic sealing plate has two conductive contact embedding grooves for accommodating the conductive contacts, which expose the conductive contacts on the outside of the sliding explosion-proof shell, facilitating the connection of multiple battery cell electrodes. The ceramic sealing plate is fixedly installed on the sliding explosion-proof shell.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a filter tank, with a primary filter screen fixed in the lower middle position of the inner wall of the filter tank. The end of the guide pipe away from the exhaust port extends to the bottom of the primary filter screen. Distilled water is provided in the filter tank, completely submerging the primary filter screen. A baffle is provided above the guide pipe. A sealing cover is fixed to the top of the filter tank. Two exhaust windows are also opened on the top of the filter tank, and metal filter screens are fixedly installed at both exhaust windows.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention sets an independent explosion-proof component for each battery cell and constructs a pressure-triggered mechanical release structure, so that a single battery cell can be automatically released from its original installation position and slide off when thermal runaway occurs, thereby achieving active isolation at the battery cell level. This significantly reduces the impact range of a single battery cell failure on the overall system and significantly improves the inherent safety of the system; (2) The present invention sets a collaborative structure such as a sliding explosion-proof shell, a release pin plate, and a battery cell heat insulation support plate, so that after thermal runaway is triggered, the battery cell can quickly detach from its original arrangement system and directly enter the electronic fluorinated liquid, realizing the spatial transfer of heat source and heat absorption. This mechanism not only blocks the heat conduction path to adjacent battery cells, but also rapidly absorbs heat through the liquid medium, forming a dual inhibition mechanism of heat source isolation + heat absorption, fundamentally preventing heat spread; (3) The present invention constructs an exhaust path composed of a guide pipe, a filter pool, a distilled water immersion filter screen, and a multi-stage filtration structure, so that the high-temperature gas undergoes cooling, primary filtration, and secondary metal filter screen treatment during the exhaust process. In particular, immersing the primary filter in distilled water not only effectively reduces the gas temperature but also prevents high-temperature gas from directly impacting the filter structure, significantly extending its service life and improving the efficiency of treating harmful gases. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the filter tank of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the stainless steel outer shell of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ceramic sealing plate structure of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the installation location of the reinforcing ribs in this invention.

[0016] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure release chamber structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the slip-off explosion-proof shell structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0019] In the diagram: 101-Stainless steel casing; 102-Exhaust port; 103-Guide pipe; 104-Support skirt rod; 105-Filter tank; 106-Sealing cover plate; 107-Exhaust window; 108-Metal filter screen; 109-Baffle plate; 110-Primary filter screen; 201-Slip-out explosion-proof casing; 202-Ceramic sealing plate; 203-Conductive contact embedded groove; 204-Conductive contact; 205-Arc-shaped spring conductive plate; 206-Pressure release chamber; 207-Reinforcing rib; 208-Pressure guide port; 209-Pressure generating chamber; 210-Hanging rope; 211-Piston strip; 212-Release actuator plate; 213-Pressure relief hole; 214-Plastic film; 215-Release pin plate; 216-Release inclined groove; 217-Sliding pin; 218-Battery cell heat insulation support plate; 301-Battery cell. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-8 The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated through specific embodiments.

[0021] This invention provides an adaptive thermal management explosion-proof battery system, including a battery pack A and a battery pack B. Both battery pack A and battery pack B include a stainless steel shell 101. Each stainless steel shell 101 has two vents 102, which connect the interiors of the two stainless steel shells 101. One of the vents 102 on the stainless steel shell 101 is fixedly connected to a guide pipe 103, while the vent 102 on the other stainless steel shell 101 is sealed. Multiple battery cells 301 are fixedly mounted on the middle of the inner wall of each of the two stainless steel shells 101 via two supporting skirt rods 104. Each battery cell 301 is equipped with an independent explosion-proof component. All explosion-proof components are used to independently isolate all battery cells 301 to prevent heat spread. Each stainless steel shell 101 contains an electronic fluorinated liquid. The explosion-proof components are used to eject the corresponding battery cell 301 into the electronic fluorinated liquid inside the stainless steel shell 101, allowing the electronic fluorinated liquid to absorb the heat emitted by the battery cell 301 under thermal runaway conditions.

[0022] In the above structure, battery pack A and battery pack B are not simply redundantly connected in parallel, but rather form a dual-pack collaborative power supply system with adaptive switching capability for thermal risks. Under normal operating conditions, both battery packs operate simultaneously, sharing the power required by the load. This reduces the continuous discharge pressure on a single battery pack and helps slow the temperature rise rate of the cells 301 within a single battery pack during long-term operation. When any cell 301 exhibits an abnormal temperature rise trend, the system does not immediately and completely disconnect the battery pack. Instead, it first adjusts the output power of the battery pack in stages according to temperature changes, matching the battery pack's output state with the thermal risk state. This achieves a gradual protection from full-power supply to limited-power supply and then to power cut-off, suppressing the heat accumulation rate of the abnormal cell 301 in advance while maintaining power continuity as much as possible, preventing thermal runaway from rapidly escalating from a local anomaly to a systemic failure.

[0023] Meanwhile, both stainless steel casings 101 are filled with electronic fluorinated liquid, allowing the battery cell to immediately enter a highly efficient heat-absorbing environment once it detaches from the explosion-proof casing 201. The electronic fluorinated liquid itself possesses high dielectric properties, low conductivity, strong heat absorption capacity, and good chemical stability. Therefore, in a thermal runaway scenario, it can quickly remove sensible heat from the surface of the battery cell and casing, while preventing secondary damage to other components inside the battery pack due to liquid conductivity or corrosion. The two stainless steel casings 101 are connected by an exhaust port 102, and together with the guide pipe 103 and filter 105, form a continuous channel for pressure relief, flow guidance, purification, and discharge. This ensures that high-temperature gases, vapors, and harmful byproducts generated during thermal runaway do not directly diffuse into the external environment, but are discharged after staged filtration. This creates a closed-loop explosion-proof thermal management system that allows for localized failure, localized handling, and uninterrupted power supply.

[0024] Multiple battery cells 301 are arranged in a distributed manner inside two stainless steel casings 101, and are isolated individually by corresponding explosion-proof components. The key to this structure is not simply separating all the battery cells 301, but rather ensuring that each battery cell has an independent failure handling path. That is, when a battery cell 301 enters a thermal runaway state, its corresponding explosion-proof component activates first, subjecting only that battery cell 301 to ejection and liquid submersion, without affecting the other battery cells in the same casing, which remain in situ supported. Even if an anomaly occurs in a localized area within the same battery pack, the remaining battery cells can still maintain structural integrity and stable electrical connections, and will not suffer mutual heat transfer or mechanical cascading damage due to localized high temperatures, jet flames, or explosive impacts.

[0025] The stainless steel outer shell 101 adopts a metal shell structure, which has high mechanical strength and temperature resistance. It can withstand instantaneous internal pressure changes during thermal runaway of the battery cell and provides a stable encapsulation space for the electronic fluorinated liquid and the exhaust channel structure. The arrangement of the two exhaust ports 102 allows the gas inside the shell to be discharged through predetermined channels, avoiding deformation or rupture of the shell due to disordered pressure accumulation. By setting a guide pipe 103 on one shell and sealing it on the other, the exhaust direction of the system can be clearly controlled, ensuring that the thermal runaway gas is purified in the filter tank 105 before being discharged, reducing the possibility of direct leakage of harmful gases.

[0026] The explosion-proof assembly includes a sliding explosion-proof housing 201 fixed to the supporting skirt rod 104, wherein the battery cell 301 is slidably disposed in the inner wall of the sliding explosion-proof housing 201 along the direction of gravity, and the electrode of the battery cell 301 and the pressure relief valve are located at the top of the sliding explosion-proof housing 201, and a pressure generating chamber 209 is reserved between the pressure relief valve of the battery cell 301 and the top of the sliding explosion-proof housing 201. The sliding explosion-proof housing 201 has two symmetrically arranged pressure relief chambers 206 inside. Each pressure relief chamber 206 is fixedly supported by multiple reinforcing ribs 207 to enhance the overall strength of the sliding explosion-proof housing 201. A piston strip 211 is slidably sealed at the bottom of the pressure relief chamber 206. Two symmetrically arranged release actuator plates 212 are fixedly installed on the lower surface of the piston strip 211. Each release actuator plate 212 has an inclined release groove 216. The piston strip 211 is connected to the top of the inner wall of the pressure relief chamber 206 by two hanging ropes 210 to prevent the piston strip 211 from sliding down the pressure relief chamber 206 under gravity. The side of the battery cell 301 away from the pressure relief valve rests on the battery cell heat insulation support plate 218. The battery cell heat insulation support plate 218 has an embedded aerogel layer inside. The two edges of the lower surface of the battery cell heat insulation support plate 218 slide on two symmetrically arranged release pin plates 215. The contact surface between the release pin plate 215 and the cell heat insulation support plate 218 is designed with a low coefficient of friction, for example, by setting ball bearings on the side of the release pin plate 215 facing the cell heat insulation support plate 218. The release pin plate 215 slides horizontally through the release pressure chamber 206. The release pin plate 215 is positioned between the two release actuator plates 212 and also slides with the release actuator plates 212. A sliding pin 217 is fixed on the release pin plate 215 and slides in the release groove 216. When the release actuator plate 212 moves downward, it will drive the two release pin plates 215 to move away from each other. Each release pressure chamber 206 has a pressure relief hole 213 at its bottom, and all pressure relief holes 213 are sealed with a plastic film 214. The top of the pressure release chamber 206 is provided with a pressure guide port 208 for communicating with the pressure generating chamber 209. Each pressure generating chamber 209 has two conductive contacts 204 fixed to its inner wall, which are conductively connected to the electrodes of the battery cell 301. Each conductive contact 204 is conductively connected to the electrode of the battery cell 301 via an arc-shaped spring conductive plate 205. The arc-shaped spring conductive plate 205 is fixedly connected to the conductive contact 204 and makes contact with the electrode of the battery cell 301. Both conductive contacts 204 are fixed to a ceramic sealing plate 202. The ceramic sealing plate 202 has two conductive contact embedding grooves 203 for accommodating the conductive contacts 204, exposing the conductive contacts 204 to the outside of the sliding explosion-proof housing 201, facilitating the connection of multiple battery cell 301 electrodes. The ceramic sealing plate 202 is fixedly mounted on the sliding explosion-proof housing 201.

[0027] It also includes a filter tank 105, with a primary filter screen 110 fixed in the lower middle position of the inner wall of the filter tank 105. The end of the guide pipe 103 away from the exhaust port 102 extends to the bottom of the primary filter screen 110. Distilled water is placed in the filter tank 105, completely submerging the primary filter screen 110. A baffle 109 is provided above the guide pipe 103. A sealing cover 106 is fixed on the top of the filter tank 105. Two exhaust windows 107 are also opened on the top of the filter tank 105, and metal filter screens 108 are fixedly installed at both exhaust windows 107.

[0028] The filter tank 105 is a terminal purification unit in the entire exhaust gas purification chain. Its design purpose is not simply to contain distilled water, but to cool, settle, perform primary filtration, and control terminal diffusion of thermal runaway exhaust gas. After the guide pipe 103 introduces the high-temperature gas into the filter tank 105, the gas first enters the distilled water area and forms a bubble escape path in the water. Due to the high heat capacity and good heat absorption characteristics of distilled water, it can quickly reduce the gas temperature and promote the adsorption, dissolution, or sedimentation of some high-temperature particles, harmful dust, and soluble pollutants in the water.

[0029] Immersing the primary filter 110 in distilled water effectively creates a dual effect of water-cooled buffering and water-washing filtration: on the one hand, the distilled water can absorb the heat of the gas, reducing the thermal impact of the airflow on the filter; on the other hand, when the bubbles pass through the water layer, they will be dispersed and disturbed to a certain extent, so that some impurities in the gas are captured by the water during the rising process, thereby reducing the burden on the downstream purification.

[0030] It also includes an independent temperature sensor (DS18B20 temperature sensor) for each cell 301, a central controller (STM32 microcontroller unit), an output control module (PWM-controlled MOSFET module) for each battery pack, a switching switch (high-current relay) for each battery pack, and a stainless steel casing 101; both battery pack A and battery pack B supply power to the same load; the central controller connects to the independent temperature sensor, the output control module, and the switching switch; the central controller scans the data from all independent temperature sensors every 0.5 seconds; when the temperature of any cell 301 exceeds 5... At 5℃, the central controller reduces the output power of the battery pack containing cell 301 to the maximum power multiplied by (75℃ minus the current temperature) divided by (75℃ minus 55℃) via the output control module. (For example, if the current temperature is 60℃, (75-60) / (75-55) = 3 / 4; that is, the output power is reduced to 3 / 4 of the maximum power). When the temperature of any cell 301 is higher than 75℃, the central controller shuts down the output control module of that battery pack, disconnects the switching switch, and connects another battery pack. When the temperature of all cells 301 in the disconnected battery pack is lower than 45℃, the central controller automatically reconnects the battery pack. When the number of switching operations is greater than 2, the central controller issues a fault alarm.

[0031] During normal power supply: Battery pack A and battery pack B are connected in parallel to supply power to the load. The central controller outputs the control module at full power (PWM duty cycle 100%) by default.

[0032] Temperature warning stage: When the temperature of any cell 301 is higher than 55℃, the central controller will reduce the output power of the battery pack containing cell 301 (let's say battery pack A) to the maximum power multiplied by (75℃ minus the current temperature) divided by (75℃ minus 55℃) through the output control module to achieve linear power reduction; battery pack B will maintain full power.

[0033] Overheating cutoff phase: When the temperature of any cell 301 exceeds 75℃, the central controller immediately shuts down the output control module of the battery pack (battery pack A) (PWM duty cycle drops to 0), disconnects the switching switch of the battery pack, and at the same time instantly connects the switching switch and output control module of battery pack B to ensure that the load does not lose power; the central controller also records the number of times this switching occurs.

[0034] Cooling recovery phase: When the temperature of all cells 301 in the disconnected battery pack (Battery Pack A) is below 45°C, the central controller automatically reconnects the switching switch and output control module of the battery pack (parallel recovery is possible).

[0035] The central controller records the number of switching operations. When the number of switching operations exceeds 2, a fault alarm is immediately issued through a buzzer, a red light, and a remote signal. At the same time, the output power of all battery packs is forcibly reduced to 50% safety mode until manual reset.

[0036] In this system, the central controller not only handles temperature acquisition and output regulation but also coordinates battery pack switching, performs fault accumulation and judgment, and manages safety modes. Independent temperature sensors are arranged cell-by-cell, enabling the central controller to identify the temperature changes of each individual cell 301 in real time, rather than relying solely on the average temperature of the entire battery pack for a rough assessment. This allows the central controller to immediately pinpoint the source of the anomaly when a single cell 301 exhibits abnormal temperature rise, precisely limiting its actions to the battery pack containing that cell, without inadvertently damaging the normal operation of other battery packs. Scanning all independent temperature sensor data every 0.5 seconds balances real-time performance with control stability, avoiding excessively frequent sampling that would waste controller resources while ensuring timely detection of temperature anomalies.

[0037] Setting a linear power reduction range between 55℃ and 75℃ is a gradual thermal warning mechanism. Within this temperature range, the battery pack is not directly shut down; instead, the output power is gradually reduced according to the ratio between the current temperature and the threshold. This causes the heat generated by cell 301 to decrease synchronously with the load reduction, thus slowing the temperature rise and allowing more cooling time. This proportional reduction method is smoother than simple on / off control and can effectively avoid system shocks caused by sudden power outages.

[0038] When the temperature exceeds 75℃, it indicates that the corresponding battery cell 301 has entered a high-risk state. At this time, the central controller will no longer attempt to continue supplying power to that battery pack, but will immediately shut down its output control module and disconnect the switching switch, causing the battery pack to be disconnected from the load side. Simultaneously, another battery pack will be immediately connected to continue supplying power, ensuring that the load continuity is not affected. The disconnected battery pack is not permanently disabled after being disconnected, but can automatically reconnect after the cell temperature drops below 45℃, giving the system a closed-loop self-healing capability of fault isolation—cooling recovery—automatic return. A fault alarm is triggered when the number of switching exceeds 2, in order to prevent the battery pack from repeatedly entering the dangerous temperature zone, causing the system to be in a state of frequent switching and continuous instability. At this time, the system will enter a more conservative safety mode, uniformly limiting the output power of all battery packs to 50% to reduce the overall heat load, and prompting manual intervention for inspection.

[0039] In addition, the output control module uses a PWM-controlled MOSFET module, which can precisely adjust the battery pack output power through the duty cycle, and achieve continuous adjustment from full power, power reduction to shutdown; the switching switch uses a high-current relay, which can withstand large instantaneous current surges when the battery pack switches, and ensure the electrical isolation effect of the switching action.

[0040] When a cell 301 experiences thermal runaway, its own pressure relief valve will eject high-temperature material. Since the pressure relief valve of cell 301 is located inside the pressure generating chamber 209, high temperature will be generated inside the pressure generating chamber 209, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure inside the pressure generating chamber 209. This pressure will be transmitted to the pressure release chamber 206 through the pressure guide port 208. At the same time, the high temperature will melt the hanging rope 210. At this time, the hanging rope 210 no longer restricts the piston strip 211. Under the pressure, the piston strip 211 slides downward in the pressure release chamber 206. At this time, the release groove 216 on the release actuator plate 212 will drive the two release pin plates 215 to move away from each other through the sliding pin 217, that is, to retract the release pin plates 215 into the pressure release chamber 206, so that the release pin plates 215 no longer support or restrict the cell heat insulation support plate 218. Since the battery cell 301 is supported by the battery cell heat insulation plate 218 inside the sliding explosion-proof shell 201, the battery cell heat insulation plate 218 is no longer restricted by the release pin plate 215. Under the pressure of gravity and the high temperature ejected by the battery cell 301's own pressure relief valve, the battery cell 301 and the battery cell heat insulation plate 218 slide downwards, and then slide from inside the sliding explosion-proof shell 201 into the electronic fluorinated liquid at the bottom of the stainless steel shell 101, submerging the battery cell 301. The electronic fluorinated liquid absorbs the heat of the battery cell 301 in the thermal runaway state. The gas generated by the evaporation of the electronic fluorinated liquid after heating is discharged through exhaust port 102 and finally discharged into the distilled water inside the filter tank 105 through guide pipe 103. This gas contains harmful gases emitted by the thermal runaway of the battery cell 301. These gases undergo preliminary filtration through the primary filter screen 110 to reduce the diffusion of harmful substances. The purpose of immersing the primary filter screen 110 in distilled water is to slow down the damage to the primary filter screen 110 caused by high-temperature gases and extend the service life of the primary filter screen 110 under thermal runaway conditions. Finally, the gas is discharged to the outside of the filter tank 105 through partition 109, metal filter screen 108, and exhaust window 107. Since the battery cell 301 under thermal runaway conditions has separated from the sliding explosion-proof shell 201, heat will not be transferred to adjacent battery cells 301, thereby preventing heat spread that could lead to thermal runaway of all battery cells 301.

[0041] In the subsequent recovery process, the user only needs to replace the damaged battery cell 301, the explosion-proof component corresponding to battery cell 301, the primary filter 110, the metal filter 108 (the metal filter 108 is composed of fine steel wire mesh stacked in an interlaced manner, similar to a steel wool scrubber, to form a filter-like structure), as well as the corresponding electronic fluorinated liquid (which can be filtered and reused) and distilled water.

Claims

1. An adaptive thermal management explosion-proof battery system, comprising a battery pack A and a battery pack B, characterized in that, Both battery pack A and battery pack B include a stainless steel shell (101). Each stainless steel shell (101) is provided with two vents (102). The vents (102) are used to connect the interiors of the two stainless steel shells (101). A guide tube (103) is fixedly connected to the vent (102) on one of the stainless steel shells (101), and the vent (102) on the other stainless steel shell (101) is sealed. Multiple battery cells (301) are fixedly installed in the middle of the inner wall of the two stainless steel shells (101) by two supporting skirt rods (104). Each battery cell (301) is equipped with an independent explosion-proof component. All the explosion-proof components are used to independently isolate all the battery cells (301) to prevent heat spread. Each stainless steel casing (101) is equipped with an electronic fluorinated liquid inside, wherein the explosion-proof component is used to eject the corresponding battery cell (301) into the electronic fluorinated liquid inside the stainless steel casing (101), and the electronic fluorinated liquid absorbs the heat emitted by the battery cell (301) under thermal runaway.

2. The adaptive thermal management explosion-proof battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion-proof assembly includes a sliding explosion-proof housing (201) fixed to the supporting skirt rod (104), wherein the battery cell (301) is slidably disposed in the inner wall of the sliding explosion-proof housing (201) along the direction of gravity, and the electrode of the battery cell (301) and the pressure relief valve are located at the top of the sliding explosion-proof housing (201), and a pressure generating chamber (209) is reserved between the pressure relief valve of the battery cell (301) and the top of the sliding explosion-proof housing (201).

3. The adaptive thermal management explosion-proof battery system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The interior of the sliding explosion-proof enclosure (201) has two symmetrically arranged pressure relief chambers (206). Each pressure relief chamber (206) is fixedly supported by multiple reinforcing ribs (207) to enhance the overall strength of the sliding explosion-proof enclosure (201). A piston strip (211) is slidably sealed at the bottom of the pressure release chamber (206). Two symmetrically arranged release actuator plates (212) are fixedly installed on the lower surface of the piston strip (211). Each release actuator plate (212) is provided with an inclined release groove (216). The piston strip (211) is connected to the top of the inner wall of the pressure release chamber (206) by two hanging ropes (210) to prevent the piston strip (211) from sliding down into the pressure release chamber (206) under gravity. The side of the battery cell (301) away from the pressure relief valve is attached to the battery cell heat insulation plate (218). An aerogel layer is embedded inside the battery cell heat insulation plate (218). The two edges of the lower surface of the battery cell heat insulation plate (218) slide on two symmetrically arranged release pin plates (215).

4. The adaptive thermal management explosion-proof battery system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The release pin plate (215) slides horizontally through the pressure release chamber (206). The release pin plate (215) is located between the two release actuator plates (212) and also slides with the release actuator plate (212). A sliding pin (217) is fixed on the release pin plate (215). The sliding pin (217) is slidably located in the release groove (216). When the release actuator plate (212) moves downward, it will drive the two release pin plates (215) to move away from each other. Each pressure release chamber (206) has a pressure relief hole (213) at the bottom. All pressure relief holes (213) are sealed by a plastic film (214).

5. The adaptive thermal management explosion-proof battery system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the pressure release chamber (206) is provided with a pressure guide port (208) for communicating with the pressure generating chamber (209). The inner wall of each pressure generating chamber (209) is fixed with two conductive contacts (204) that are conductively connected to the electrodes of the battery cell (301). Each conductive contact (204) is conductively connected to the electrodes of the battery cell (301) through an arc-shaped spring conductive plate (205). The arc-shaped spring conductive plate (205) is fixedly connected to the conductive contact (204) and is conductively connected to the electrodes of the battery cell (301).

6. The adaptive thermal management explosion-proof battery system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Both conductive contacts (204) are fixed on the ceramic sealing plate (202). The ceramic sealing plate (202) has two conductive contact embedding grooves (203) for accommodating the conductive contacts (204) and exposing the conductive contacts (204) to the outside of the sliding explosion-proof shell (201) to facilitate the connection of multiple battery cell (301) electrodes. The ceramic sealing plate (202) is fixedly installed on the sliding explosion-proof shell (201).

7. The adaptive thermal management explosion-proof battery system according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a filter pool (105), a primary filter screen (110) is fixed in the middle and lower part of the inner wall of the filter pool (105), and the end of the guide pipe (103) away from the exhaust port (102) extends to the bottom of the primary filter screen (110). Distilled water is provided in the filter pool (105) and completely submerges the primary filter screen (110). A baffle (109) is provided above the guide pipe (103). A sealing cover plate (106) is fixed on the top of the filter pool (105). Two exhaust windows (107) are also opened on the top of the filter pool (105). Metal filter screens (108) are fixedly installed at both exhaust windows (107).

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