A distribution box loop self-diagnosis and hierarchical treatment method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of low-voltage power distribution protection, and discloses a power distribution box loop self-diagnosis and hierarchical treatment method, which is used for solving the problem that the traditional method lacks adaptive dynamic adjustment; the method firstly continuously judges the running state of each loop, combines abnormal duration, abnormal repetition and execution feedback to determine an abnormal level, and then matches observation, limitation, isolation and linkage locking treatment modes according to the abnormal level; after the treatment is completed, action review, state review and artificial reset constraints are continuously carried out, a complete closed loop from abnormal identification, hierarchical treatment to recovery control is formed, and therefore the timeliness of fault isolation and the safety of power distribution operation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-voltage power distribution protection technology, specifically to a method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of distribution box circuits. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium battery packs typically incorporate protection circuits or battery management units to monitor and handle overcharging, over-discharging, overcurrent, short circuits, and abnormal temperature rise, ensuring the safe operation of the battery pack. In existing technologies, for example, the published invention patent application CN100492750C discloses a method and system for battery protection. This solution monitors the operating conditions of the battery pack and adjusts the monitoring rate when a specific threshold is reached, thereby achieving protective control of the battery pack's operating status. Another published invention patent application CN113644751B discloses an emergency energy storage device, system, and control method with wireless charging functionality. The protection circuit board in this device can detect overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, short circuit, and overtemperature conditions of individual cells within the battery pack, providing basic protection for the battery pack. Existing lithium battery protection circuits generally employ threshold-triggered protection, static state detection, or general fault isolation methods. Their graded handling typically follows fixed rules, making them ill-suited for complex conditions such as high loads, instantaneous shocks, and abnormal current fluctuations. When the battery pack load changes rapidly or experiences abnormal disturbances, common protection circuits struggle to correctly distinguish between transient fluctuations and actual faults, and fail to match the fault severity to the appropriate level. This leads to problems such as delayed fault response, untimely isolation of faulty branches, and over-handling of faults. Especially during overcurrent faults, if fault identification and graded handling are delayed, the fault response can exceed 3 seconds, causing the abnormal circuit to remain open and preventing timely isolation of the faulty branch. This results in overheating of individual battery cells or the entire battery pack, significant energy loss, and in severe cases, thermal runaway and other safety accidents. Therefore, a self-diagnostic, graded handling lithium battery protection circuit control scheme is needed to address the technical problems of poor dynamic adaptability of existing graded handling mechanisms, slow fault response, inadequate overcurrent fault isolation, and low battery pack safety and energy utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for self-diagnosis and hierarchical handling of distribution box circuits, which solves the problem of lack of adaptive dynamic adjustment in traditional methods.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of distribution box circuits includes: S1. Collect current, voltage, temperature, leakage current, switch position and auxiliary feedback information of each circuit, and determine the current operating status of each circuit in combination with the circuit file; S2. Continuously determine the current operating status of each circuit according to the circuit type and operating stage, identify transient fluctuations, continuous anomalies and recurring anomalies, and form corresponding diagnostic statuses. S3. Determine the anomaly level based on the diagnostic status, anomaly duration, anomaly recurrence count, and execution feedback, and generate the corresponding handling status. S4. Based on the handling status, implement limited start, limited load, disconnect, lock, or superior linkage handling, and based on the review after handling, implement lifting of restrictions, maintaining lock, or transfer to manual reset.

[0005] 2. The method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of distribution box circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that, the collection of current, voltage, temperature, leakage current, switch position, and auxiliary feedback information of each circuit includes: A current status record is generated for each circuit according to the sampling period. The current status record includes timestamp, circuit number, current value, voltage value, contact temperature value, leakage current value, switch position status, auxiliary contact status, communication valid mark, data quality mark, and the operating status of the previous cycle. The current state record is sequentially checked for time integrity, value boundary, continuity, and cross-consistency. The current status record that passes verification is written into the current running status table; When the switch position status, auxiliary contact status and current change are inconsistent, write the execution link to be verified flag.

[0006] Preferably, the current operating status of each circuit is determined in conjunction with the circuit file, including: Establish a structured record for each circuit in advance. The record should include at least the rated voltage, rated current, load type, allowable short-time impulse duration, continuous operation limit, contact temperature warning value, contact temperature limit value, leakage warning value, leakage limit value, allowable reset times, automatic reset prohibition mark, and circuit priority. Based on the archive records, sampled values, and the operating status of the previous cycle, the current operating status of the loop is determined, and the operating phase marker and state change record are written.

[0007] Preferably, the current operating status of each circuit is continuously determined according to the circuit type and operating stage, including: Establish a continuous judgment record unit for each loop. The continuous judgment record unit corresponds to the current operating status table and status change record, and records at least the current operating status, operating stage, short-term observation window, medium-term holding window, repeated statistics window, status switching time, fluctuation event time, continuous abnormal start time and abnormal count. Configure corresponding observation windows according to the loop type, verify the correspondence between the current running status and the running stage before continuous judgment, write status association anomaly flags for loops with abnormal correspondence, and include them in the continuous feedback anomaly judgment when the feedback anomaly conditions are met.

[0008] Preferably, transient fluctuations, persistent abnormalities, and recurring abnormalities are identified, and corresponding diagnostic states are formed, including: The system records fluctuation events, determines continuous anomalies, and accumulates anomaly counts for abnormal circuit events. It also generates diagnostic statuses based on anomaly type, duration, recurrence, and status superposition relationships. The diagnostic status can be selected as normal monitoring status, fluctuation observation status, continuous abnormal status, recurring abnormal status, or compound abnormal status, and the conversion is carried out according to the one-way priority upgrade logic; The diagnostic status table records the loop number, diagnostic status, diagnostic type, trigger time, associated parameters, observation window length, repeat count value, status upgrade flag, and review priority flag.

[0009] Preferably, the anomaly level is determined based on the diagnostic status, duration of the anomaly, number of repetitions of the anomaly, and execution feedback, including: The initial level of the abnormality is determined based on the diagnostic status, and then the level is adjusted by combining the duration of the abnormality, the number of times the abnormality recurred, and the execution feedback records. Fluctuation observation state corresponds to Level 1 anomaly, continuous anomaly state corresponds to Level 2 anomaly, recurring anomaly state corresponds to Level 2 anomaly, and compound anomaly state corresponds to Level 3 anomaly. The execution feedback log records the previous handling action, feedback change, residual current change, recovery request, recovery completion, and abnormal information after recovery.

[0010] Preferably, the corresponding processing status includes: Based on the final anomaly level, loop priority, loop type, and current operating stage, determine the observation and handling status, restricted handling status, isolated handling status, or linkage interlocking handling status; It also configures start-limiting, load-limiting, load-reducing, branch isolation, or linkage interlocking rules for different types of circuits, and generates an anomaly level table and a handling status table.

[0011] Preferably, depending on the status of the situation, measures such as limiting start-up, limiting load, disconnection, locking, or linkage with higher authorities are implemented, including: Based on the anomaly level, loop priority, loop association level, and latest execution time, the loops to be executed are sorted, and corresponding operations are performed according to the observation handling state, restricted handling state, isolated handling state, and linkage interlocking handling state. The observation and handling status corresponds to the adjustment of the key sampling cycle and the locking of abnormal event records; the restriction and handling status corresponds to the start restriction, load access restriction and phased load reduction; the isolation and handling status corresponds to the issuance of disconnection commands and the verification of hierarchical actions; and the linkage and interlocking handling status corresponds to the triggering of the superior protection, the writing of the interlocking mark and the generation of maintenance alarms.

[0012] Preferably, based on the post-treatment review, the restrictions will be lifted, the lockout will be maintained, or manual reactivation will be initiated, including: After the action is taken, the following steps are performed in sequence: immediate action review, status stabilization review, and qualification restoration review. The restrictions on observation and treatment status and restricted treatment status that meet the conditions are lifted in sequence, and the closed status after isolation and the recovery status after linkage closed are transferred to the manual return process. Before manual reset, the fault elimination status, the consistency between the switch position and the auxiliary contacts, the insulation status, the residual current and the number of automatic resets are verified, and no-load verification, low-load test run and normal operation observation are carried out in sequence. The reverted results are written to the execution feedback cache and event log table.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for self-diagnosis and hierarchical handling of distribution box circuits, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention first determines the operating status of each circuit in the distribution box, then performs hierarchical correction of the anomaly level based on the duration of the anomaly, the recurrence of the anomaly, and the execution feedback, and matches observation, restriction, isolation, and linkage interlocking according to the anomaly level; after the handling is completed, the execution of actions, the recovery of status, and the return conditions are reviewed, so that transient fluctuations and real faults can be distinguished, continuous anomalies and recurring anomalies can be detected in a timely manner, and faulty branches can be handled according to the severity of the anomaly, avoiding the long-term existence of anomalies, delayed handling, or improper handling, reducing the risk of circuit heating and energy loss, and ultimately improving the closed-loop control capability of the distribution box circuit fault isolation, operational safety, and anomaly handling; thus solving the problem of lack of adaptive dynamic adjustment in traditional methods.

[0014] 2. This invention manages circuit files, operating status, anomaly levels, handling execution, and reset simultaneously. Instead of solely relying on detection results to initiate protection actions, it continuously judges and hierarchically controls the development, evolution, trends, and handling feedback of anomalies. This allows for the detection and handling of anomalies before they escalate, and the continued verification of recovery conditions after handling. This avoids malfunctions, repeated power supply, and recurring anomalies, ensuring consistency and controllability of handling even under conditions of significant load changes and complex operating conditions. Ultimately, this improves the accuracy and overall reliability of power distribution circuit fault management. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the self-diagnosis and graded handling method for a distribution box circuit according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1: Figure 1 A method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of distribution box circuits is presented, including: S1. Collect current, voltage, temperature, leakage current, switch position, and auxiliary feedback information for each circuit, and determine the current operating status of each circuit in conjunction with the circuit file. The specific implementation is as follows: Before the distribution box is put into operation, a file for each circuit is established. During operation, current, voltage, contact temperature, leakage current, switch position and auxiliary feedback information of each circuit are collected, and a current status record is generated according to the sampling period. In order to prevent transient impacts, short-term disturbances and local sampling distortions from being mistaken for real anomalies based on a single threshold or a single sampling, the current status record is first checked for data validity, status correlation and current operating status. The current operating status table, status change record and anomaly pending judgment mark are output as input for subsequent continuous judgment, anomaly level determination and handling status execution. Before the distribution box is put into operation, an independent circuit file should be established for each circuit. The circuit file should be stored in a structured record format, including at least the following fields: circuit number, circuit name, phase type, rated voltage, rated current, conductor specifications, rated values ​​of protective devices, load category, allowable short-time impulse duration, continuous operation limit, contact temperature warning value, contact temperature limit value, leakage warning value, leakage current limit value, allowable number of resets, automatic reset prohibition flag, and circuit priority. The circuit number is used to correspond one-to-one with the collected records and can be selected as a number or a combination of numbers and letters. The rated voltage is determined according to the power supply type. For example, a phase-end circuit is 220 volts, and a three-phase power circuit is 380 volts. These values ​​are derived from the commonly used power supply levels in low-voltage power distribution systems. The rated current is determined comprehensively based on the circuit breaker rating, the long-term allowable current carrying capacity of the conductor, and the nameplate value of the terminal equipment, and the smaller value is selected. The rated current of ordinary lighting circuits can be selected from 10 amps to 20 amps, general socket circuits can be selected from 16 amps to 32 amps, small and medium-sized power circuits can be selected from 25 amps to 63 amps, and energy storage connection circuits or charging auxiliary circuits can be selected from 20 amps to 80 amps. The above ranges are determined based on common terminal circuit configurations, circuit breaker standard specifications, and load access capacity. The circuit profile should include at least the following fields: circuit number, circuit name, phase type, rated voltage, rated current, conductor specifications, rated values ​​of protective devices, load category, allowable short-time surge duration, continuous operation limit, contact temperature warning value, contact temperature limit value, leakage current warning value, leakage current limit value, allowable reset times, automatic reset prohibition flag, and circuit priority. The allowable short-time surge duration is set separately for each load category; for lighting circuits, it can be selected from 100 milliseconds to 300 milliseconds, based on the surge duration of the driver power supply or electronic ballast; for socket circuits, it can be selected from 200 milliseconds to 500 milliseconds. The setting basis is the duration of the instantaneous input current of small terminal equipment; the setting basis for motor power circuits is 500 milliseconds to 1200 milliseconds, based on the duration of motor starting current and the mechanical load starting process; the setting basis for charging or energy storage related circuits is 150 milliseconds to 800 milliseconds, based on the pre-charging process of the power conversion unit and the short-time pulse characteristics of the input side; the continuous operation upper limit can be selected as 85% to 95% of the rated current, based on the long-term current carrying characteristics of the circuit breaker, the cumulative temperature rise of the conductor, and the influence of ambient temperature fluctuations on the thermal stability boundary of the circuit, in order to reserve thermal margin for long-term continuous operation; The contact temperature warning value can be selected from 65℃ to 75℃, and the contact temperature limit value can be selected from 80℃ to 90℃. The setting basis is the long-term current-carrying heating characteristics of low-voltage connection points, the heat resistance range of insulation materials, and the early heat accumulation law of poor contact. The warning value is used to identify early heating caused by the increase in contact resistance, and the limit value is used to characterize the range where the risk of contact instability increases significantly under continuous current-carrying conditions. The leakage current warning value can be selected from 60% to 80% of the leakage current action value, and the leakage current limit value can be selected from 90% to 100% of the leakage current action value. The setting basis is to reserve warning and limitation handling time without prematurely triggering the leakage current protection action. The allowed number of resets can be selected from 0 to 3 times, with critical circuits selected from 0 to 1 times and ordinary terminal circuits selected from 1 to 3 times. The setting basis is the tolerance of different circuits to the risk of repeated power supply. The circuit priority is determined according to the importance of the load and the scope of linkage impact, and is divided into at least high priority and low priority, which is used to determine the processing order when abnormal concurrency occurs. Through the above settings, different types of circuits have unified parameter boundaries and judgment criteria under the same operating conditions. After the circuit file is established, an input data structure is formed according to the sampling period. The input data structure is written separately for each circuit, and a current status record is generated for each sampling period, which includes at least the timestamp, circuit number, current value, voltage value, contact temperature value, leakage current value, switch position status, auxiliary contact status, communication validity flag, data quality flag, and previous cycle operating status. For three-phase circuits, it also includes the fields of phase A current, phase B current, phase C current, three-phase imbalance, and phase loss flag. The timestamp uses a unified millisecond time scale to facilitate timing alignment between different circuits. The current sampling period can be selected from 10 milliseconds to 50 milliseconds, the voltage sampling period can be selected from 20 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds, the contact temperature sampling period can be selected from 500 milliseconds to 2000 milliseconds, the leakage current sampling period can be selected from 20 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds, and the switch position and auxiliary contact status sampling period can be selected from 10 milliseconds to 50 milliseconds. The above ranges are determined according to the rate of change of each parameter and the on-site processing requirements. Among them, the current, leakage current and switch feedback change faster, so shorter sampling periods are preferred, while the contact temperature changes more slowly, so longer sampling periods are used to balance real-time performance and processing load. For distribution boxes with 24 or fewer channels, the processing time for a single complete data acquisition and status generation can be selected to be no more than 50 milliseconds; for distribution boxes with 24 to 48 channels, it can be selected to be no more than 100 milliseconds. The above time range is determined based on the real-time requirements for completing the update of key parameters and the generation of abnormal pending judgment flags in the current cycle within one processing cycle, so that subsequent judgments can be based on the complete status data of the same cycle. If a single processing timeout occurs, the update of current, leakage current, switch position and auxiliary contact status will be completed first, and the contact temperature update can be delayed by one cycle, but the abnormal pending judgment flags in the current cycle will still be generated according to the updated key parameters. The current status record after collection does not directly enter the subsequent judgment process, but first undergoes data validity verification. Data validity verification includes time integrity judgment, value boundary judgment, continuity judgment, and cross-consistency judgment. Time integrity judgment confirms whether the time interval between two adjacent records is within 0.5 to 3 times the target sampling period. The lower limit of 0.5 times is used to identify duplicate writes or time stamp anomalies, and the upper limit of 3 times is used to identify sampling loss or communication delays. When the time interval exceeds 3 times, it is recorded as a time gap. When two or more consecutive time gaps occur, the communication validity marker is rewritten to an interrupted state, and a time gap marker is written. Value boundary judgment is used to exclude abnormal sampling that is obviously beyond the reasonable range of the project. For example, in a single-phase 220V circuit, if the voltage recorded continuously is higher than 280V or lower than 100V under the condition of no power outage and no undervoltage event, it can be judged as an abnormal voltage sampling. The above values ​​are set according to the common operating range of single-phase low-voltage circuits and the need for abnormal boundary identification. As another example, in a circuit with a rated current of 32A, if the voltage recorded once is 300A under the condition of no short circuit, no change in switch status, and no increase in contact temperature, and then recovers to 8A in the next cycle, it can be judged as current spike distortion. The above values ​​are set according to the rated current level, the short-term abnormal boundary amplitude, and the need for sampling distortion identification. Continuity judgment is used to identify jumps that do not conform to the normal change pattern of electrical quantities. For example, if the current changes from 5 amps to 0 amps within 20 milliseconds, but the switch position remains closed and the auxiliary contacts do not change position, it is preferentially judged as a sampling abnormality or sensing abnormality, rather than directly rewriting the current state to standby state. Here, 20 milliseconds is set according to the current fast sampling cycle, and the change from 5 amps to 0 amps is used to characterize short-time sudden changes. Cross-consistency judgment is used to jointly verify the switch position state, auxiliary contact state, current change, and load feedback. For example, if the switch position is open and the auxiliary contact state is also open, but the current is still more than 5% higher than the rated current for 3 consecutive sampling cycles, it can be judged as feedback inconsistency, and the current record is written to the execution link pending verification mark. Here, 3 consecutive sampling cycles are used to eliminate the influence of single-cycle jitter, and more than 5% of the rated current is used to eliminate measurement zero drift and small residual current interference. Through the confirmed data records and the data records that have been given clear abnormality marks, the current operating state determination process is entered. After confirming the validity of the data, the current operating status of each circuit is determined. The current operating status is determined by combining the circuit file, sampled values, and the operating status of the previous cycle, and is updated according to the fixed state transition rules. The current operating status can be selected as standby, light load, steady state, impact, fluctuation, and abnormal pending state. If the switch position is open, the auxiliary contact feedback is consistent with the open state, and the current is less than 5% of the rated current, it is determined to be in standby state. The 5% is used to exclude the influence of measurement zero drift and small residual current on the open state identification. If the switch position is closed, the current is greater than 5% of the rated current but less than 40% of the rated current, and the voltage, contact temperature, and leakage current are all within the normal range corresponding to the circuit file, it is determined to be in light load operating state. The rated current below 40% corresponds to the low load operating range, indicating that the circuit still has a large adjustment margin and has not yet entered the stable full load or medium-high load operating range. If the current is between 40% and 90% of the rated current, and the current fluctuation does not exceed 15% of the rated current, the contact temperature change does not exceed 3℃, and the leakage current change does not exceed 10% of the leakage current warning value during the basic observation period, it is judged to be in steady-state operation. Among them, 90% of the rated current is used to reserve the boundary for abnormal judgment before approaching the upper limit of continuous operation; 15% of the current fluctuation corresponds to the common fluctuation range during steady-state operation; 3℃ of contact temperature change corresponds to the normal temperature drift range within a short time window under the condition of contact thermal inertia; and leakage current change not exceeding 10% of the leakage current warning value corresponds to the background leakage current fluctuation range under normal insulation conditions. The basic observation period is set according to the load type. For lighting circuits and socket circuits, it can be selected from 1 second to 3 seconds, and for power circuits, it can be selected from 500 milliseconds to 2 seconds. This time range corresponds to the common duration from connection to stabilization for different loads. If the start-up flag is valid, and the current rises to more than 1.2 times the rated current, and the duration does not exceed the allowable short-term impact duration, it is determined to be an impact operation state. 1.2 times the rated current can be used as the lower limit for impact identification. The basis for setting this is that the amplitude should be significantly higher than normal steady-state fluctuations, while avoiding identifying slight load changes as start-up impacts. The start-up flag should include at least the fields of start-up and stop commands, auxiliary feedback changes, and current rising to more than 20% of the rated current within 100 milliseconds. Among them, 100 milliseconds is used to distinguish between the rapid rise at the initial stage of start-up and the normal slow change process, and 20% of the rated current is used to exclude slight disturbances and measurement jitter. If the start-up flag is invalid, but there are at least two significant current changes in opposite directions within the basic observation period, and the amplitude of each change reaches more than 10% of the rated current, and the peak-to-valley difference reaches more than 20% of the rated current, it is determined to be a fluctuating operation state. The above amplitude range is set based on the fact that normal small fluctuations usually do not exceed 10% of the rated current, while abnormal oscillations usually show larger amplitudes and back-and-forth changes. If the current reaches 90% or more of the rated current, or the contact temperature reaches 90% or more of the contact temperature warning value, or the leakage current reaches 80% or more of the leakage current warning value, or the switch position is inconsistent with the auxiliary contact state, or two or more of the current, voltage, contact temperature, and leakage current simultaneously approach their respective boundaries within the same sampling period, then it is preferentially judged as an abnormal pending state. The warning boundary of 90% is used as the abnormal pending trigger condition for current and contact temperature. The basis for this setting is that when the circuit is close to the upper limit of operation but has not yet formed a clear abnormality, it is necessary to enter the subsequent judgment process in advance. The warning boundary of 80% is used as the trigger condition for leakage current. The basis for this setting is that once the leakage current abnormality continues to develop, it is usually difficult to fall back quickly, so it is necessary to enter the subsequent judgment process earlier. To ensure clear state update rules, the following state transition conditions are set: In standby mode, after the switch is closed and the current exceeds the rated current by 5%, the system transitions to either light-load operation or impulse operation. In light-load operation mode, after the load continuously increases and meets the steady-state judgment condition, the system transitions to steady-state operation. In impulse operation mode, if the load decreases within the allowed short-term impulse duration and does not trigger the abnormal judgment condition, the system transitions to either light-load operation or steady-state operation; if the load does not decrease after the allowed short-term impulse duration, the system transitions to the abnormal judgment state. In steady-state operation mode, if the fluctuation operation condition is met within the basic observation period, the system transitions to fluctuation operation mode. The operating status transitions to an abnormal pending state when an abnormal pending condition is triggered; when the fluctuating operating state returns to a stable state within a basic observation period, it transitions back to a steady-state operating state; if the fluctuation amplitude continues to increase or an abnormal pending condition is triggered, it transitions back to an abnormal pending state; 5% of the rated current is used to eliminate measurement zero drift and minor residual current interference; the allowable short-term impact duration is set based on the load starting current duration and transient impact characteristics; the basic observation period is set based on the common duration for the load to recover from a fluctuating state to a stable state; after the above state transitions, the current operating status is formed for subsequent continuous judgment calls; Synchronously write the operation phase flag. The operation phase includes at least the following phase information: shutdown phase, startup phase, transition phase, and continuous operation phase. The shutdown phase corresponds to a circuit that is not under load and the switch is in the open state. The startup phase starts after being triggered by the startup flag, and its duration is capped at the above-mentioned allowable short-term impact duration. The transition phase corresponds to the time interval from the end of the startup phase to the stabilization of the operation state, which can be selected from 500 milliseconds to 3000 milliseconds. This range is determined based on the common duration of the load transitioning from an impact state to a stable state. The continuous operation phase corresponds to a circuit that has entered a stable power supply or continuous load state. The operation phase flag is output together with the current operation state for subsequent continuous judgment based on the circuit type and operation phase. The output structure consists of a current operating status table and a status change record. The current operating status table includes at least the following fields: loop number, current operating status, status start time, most recent sampling time, data validity flag, operating stage flag, anomaly pending flag, execution link pending verification flag, and maintenance flag. The status change record includes at least the following fields: loop number, status before change, status after change, change time, and change reason. The current operating status table is updated according to the sampling period, and the status change record is written when a status switch occurs. If a loop switches its status more than 5 times within 2 seconds, a status jitter flag is added to the current operating status table. The 2 seconds can be selected as the observation duration for short-term round-trip switching, and the 5 values ​​are used to distinguish between occasional bidirectional switching and continuous high-frequency status jitter, thus providing a basis for subsequent repetitive anomaly judgment or oscillation anomaly judgment. Boundary processing rules are also set. When the circuit is in maintenance mode, the current operating status is still generated according to the same rules and a maintenance mark is added. When the remote communication is abnormal but the local sampling is complete, the current operating status continues to be generated and the data validity mark is rewritten to local validity and remote communication abnormal. When the contact temperature sensor fails but the current, voltage, switch position and auxiliary contact status are normal, the current operating status continues to be generated and a contact temperature missing mark is added. If the same circuit simultaneously experiences situations such as the current reaching 95% of the rated current, the voltage dropping by 10%, and the contact temperature reaching 90% of the contact temperature warning value, it is directly written into the abnormal pending state. The rated current of 95% and the voltage drop of 10% are determined based on the common change range when the circuit is close to the operating boundary and the power supply quality begins to decline. If the switch is in the open state but residual current is continuously detected, an execution link pending verification mark is written. If the previous cycle was already in the abnormal pending state, and the current cycle still has boundary approach, consistency doubts or feedback anomalies, the abnormal pending state is maintained and does not fall back to the steady-state operating state.

[0018] S2. Based on the circuit type and operating stage, continuously determine the current operating status of each circuit, identify transient fluctuations, persistent anomalies, and recurring anomalies, and form corresponding diagnostic statuses. Specifically, this is implemented as follows: Using the current running status table and status change records of the previous part as input, the loop is continuously judged, and a continuous judgment record unit is constructed within the loop. The continuous judgment record unit includes at least the following fields: current running status, running stage, short-term observation window, medium-term hold window, repeated statistics window, the time of the most recent status switch, the time of the most recent fluctuation event, the start time of the most recent continuous abnormality, abnormality count value, and diagnostic status. To match the time window with the circuit characteristics, the short-time observation window and the medium-time hold window are set separately according to the circuit type; the short-time observation window for lighting circuits is 100 milliseconds to 300 milliseconds, and the medium-time hold window is 2 seconds to 5 seconds, with this range determined based on the duration of the power-on surge of the drive power supply and the common time for the lighting load to recover and stabilize; the short-time observation window for socket circuits is 200 milliseconds to 500 milliseconds, and the medium-time hold window is 3 seconds to 8 seconds, with this range determined based on the common time for the instantaneous connection and recovery of small terminal devices; the short-time observation window for motor-type power circuits is 300 milliseconds to 1200 milliseconds, and the medium-time hold window is... The short-term observation window for charging or energy storage circuits is 2 to 10 seconds, determined based on the duration of the motor starting current, load inertia, and speed settling time. The medium-term holding window is 1 to 5 seconds, determined based on the pre-charging process, the pulse characteristics of the power conversion unit input side, and the rate of abnormal expansion. The commonly used value for the repeating statistical window is 5 minutes, used to cover short-cycle recurring disturbances. When the repeating statistical window is 10 to 15 minutes, it is used to identify short-cycle recurrences of persistent abnormalities. When the repeating statistical window is 30 minutes, it is used to identify longer observation periods from latent states to overt abnormalities. Before continuous judgment, the correlation between the current operating state and the operating stage should be verified. The operating stage follows the previously established shutdown stage, startup stage, transition stage, and continuous operation stage. If there is a serious abnormality between the current operating state and the operating stage, it should be written into the state-related abnormality flag for continuous judgment. If the operating stage is the shutdown stage, the current operating state is the light-load operating state or the steady-state operating state, and the residual current, unplanned energization, and switch feedback abnormalities are checked, and the operating stage is the startup stage, the current operating state is continuous steady-state operation, and the duration of the short-term impact exceeds the allowable duration, it should be changed to the transition stage or the continuous operation stage. The state-related abnormality flag is used to indicate that the operating stage is not suitable for the operating state, and when the feedback abnormality judgment condition is met, it is incorporated into the continuous feedback abnormality judgment. After verifying the correspondence, transient fluctuation identification is performed. Transient fluctuation identification uses a short-time observation window as the judgment boundary to identify state changes that occur within a short period and can fall back within an allowable range. For lighting circuits, a transient fluctuation is defined as follows: when the current exceeds 1.1 times the rated current within the short-time observation window and falls back to below 0.95 times the rated current within 300 milliseconds, while the contact temperature change does not exceed 2°C and the leakage current value does not continuously increase. The 1.1 times rated current is used to indicate a current exceeding the upper limit of normal steady-state fluctuations in lighting circuits, and the 300 milliseconds period is based on the common duration of surges on lighting loads. The settings are as follows: a drop to below 0.95 times the rated current indicates that the circuit has recovered to near the rated steady-state range; a contact temperature change of no more than 2°C is used to rule out the possibility of significant heat accumulation. For socket circuits, when a momentary load connection causes the current peak to reach 1.2 times the rated current and drops back within 500 milliseconds, and the voltage drop is less than 12% of the rated voltage, it is judged as a transient fluctuation. The rated current of 1.2 times and 500 milliseconds are set based on the common impact amplitude and recovery time when small terminal devices are connected, and the rated voltage of 12% is used to distinguish between general access disturbances and more significant power supply side fluctuations. For motor-type power circuits, during the startup phase, if the current reaches 1.5 to 2.5 times the rated current, but the duration does not exceed the allowable short-term impact duration in the circuit file, and the current drops back to below 1.1 times the rated current within 1 second after the impact ends, it is judged as a transient fluctuation. The rated current of 1.5 to 2.5 times is set according to the common range of starting current for small and medium-sized motors, and the current dropping back to below 1.1 times the rated current within 1 second is used to confirm that the startup impact has ended and the load has not entered a continuous high-load state. For charging or energy storage related circuits, if the current shows a short pulse, but drops back within 3 sampling cycles, and the contact temperature does not continue to rise and the leakage current does not rise synchronously, it is judged as a transient fluctuation. The 3 sampling cycles are used to span multiple continuous sampling points to distinguish between single-point pulse distortion and real short-term fluctuations. After being judged as a transient fluctuation, it does not directly form a continuous anomaly, but only writes a fluctuation event once in the continuous judgment recording unit. The fluctuation event includes at least the fluctuation occurrence time, fluctuation peak value, voltage minimum value, and drop-back completion time, etc., for subsequent repeated statistical calls. If the current state does not return to normal after the short observation window ends, or if it has returned but is accompanied by a continuous increase in contact temperature, a leakage current value that remains near or above the warning boundary, or inconsistencies between switch position feedback and auxiliary contact status, then the system will proceed to continuous anomaly assessment. Continuous anomalies are assessed using a medium-time holding window and require support from at least two types of parameters. For lighting or socket circuits, when the current exceeds 1.05 times the rated current for more than 3 seconds, and the contact temperature rises by more than 3°C during this period, it is assessed as a continuous overload anomaly. 1.05 times the rated current is used to indicate a current exceeding the upper limit of the normal small fluctuation range; 3 seconds is used to span the short-term connection and impact recovery process; and a contact temperature rise exceeding 3°C indicates that an anomaly has formed and identifiable heat accumulation has occurred. For power circuits… After the startup phase ends, if the current remains 1.2 times higher than the rated current for 2 to 5 seconds and the voltage remains below 90% of the rated value, it is considered a continuous high load abnormality. The 1.2 times rated current and 2 to 5 seconds are set based on the characteristics of power loads deviating from normal conditions when operating at continuous high current during the non-startup phase. The voltage remaining below 90% of the rated value indicates that the high load has begun to affect the power supply quality. For all types of circuits, when the leakage current reaches more than 80% of the leakage current warning value and does not decrease within 1 to 3 seconds, and the current does not decrease synchronously, it is considered a continuous leakage current abnormality. The 80% of the leakage current warning value is used as the early identification boundary, and 1 to 3 seconds is used as the continuous judgment duration to distinguish between instantaneous leakage current disturbances and the actual leakage current development process. For contact-related anomalies, when the current is within the normal range or only slightly elevated, but the contact temperature remains above 70°C and continues to rise by more than 5°C within 10 seconds, it is judged as a continuous heating anomaly. 70°C serves as the starting point for identifying continuous contact heating anomalies, indicating that the connection point has entered a significant heating range. The 10-second interval is used to cover the short-term temperature change process under contact thermal inertia conditions. The continued rise of more than 5°C is used to distinguish between normal thermal drift and continuous heating caused by increased contact resistance. For execution link anomalies, when the switch position feedback and auxiliary contact state are inconsistent and last for more than 300 milliseconds, or when residual current persists for more than 500 milliseconds after the switch is disconnected, it is judged as a continuous feedback anomaly. The 300-millisecond and 500-millisecond intervals are determined based on the conventional switch mechanism action time, feedback transmission time, and the process of residual current disappearance. Records related to continuous anomalies must include at least the following fields: anomaly type, trigger time, duration, associated parameters, parameter changes, and current diagnostic status, to provide a unified input for subsequent anomaly level determination. After completing the continuous anomaly identification, the recurring anomaly identification is performed. Recurring anomalies are determined based on the recurrence of anomaly events within a recurring statistical window. For each circuit, an anomaly counter is established to count anomalies by type. The anomaly counter includes at least the following fields: transient fluctuation count, continuous overload count, continuous leakage current count, continuous heating count, continuous feedback anomaly count, and composite anomaly count. If transient fluctuations occur more than three times within a 5-minute statistical window, and the peak value increases progressively, or the time required to recover to steady state increases progressively, then this type of fluctuation is classified as a recurring anomaly. The 5-minute window is used to cover short-cycle recurring disturbances, and the 3 occurrences are used to distinguish between occasional recurrences and obvious recurring trends. If the same type of continuous anomaly occurs more than twice within 10 minutes, or different types of anomalies alternate... If an anomaly occurs more than three times, it is considered a recurring anomaly. The 10-minute interval is used to identify short-cycle recurrences of persistent anomalies, while 2 and 3 occurrences are used to distinguish between recurrence and significant repetition, respectively. If a circuit continuously experiences three cycles of anomaly pending judgment, recovery, and recurrence pending judgment within 30 minutes, with each cycle less than 10 minutes apart, it is considered an anomaly with a recurring trend. The 30-minute interval covers the longer observation period from latent hazards to manifest anomalies, while the 10-minute interval indicates that the anomaly has not been completely resolved before recurrence. For high-priority circuits, the recurring anomaly judgment threshold can be tightened; for example, two transient fluctuations within 5 minutes can be considered as a candidate for a recurring anomaly. This setting is determined based on the lower tolerance of high-priority circuits for fault recurrence and anomaly expansion. After generating three identification results—transient fluctuation, persistent anomaly, and recurring anomaly—a diagnostic state is formed. This diagnostic state serves as the direct input for the next step of anomaly level judgment. The diagnostic state includes at least four states: normal monitoring, fluctuation observation, persistent anomaly, recurring anomaly, and composite anomaly. The normal monitoring state corresponds to a fixed current state where no anomaly rules are triggered during the short-term observation window, medium-term hold window, or recurring statistics window. The fluctuation observation state corresponds to the identification of transient fluctuations but without meeting the recurring anomaly condition. The persistent anomaly state corresponds to the fulfillment of any persistent anomaly rule. The recurring anomaly state corresponds to the fulfillment of the recurring statistics rule. The composite anomaly state corresponds to the presence of two or more anomalies within the same time period. State transitions use a one-way priority upgrade logic: the normal monitoring state can be converted to the fluctuation observation state. The fluctuation observation state converts to the normal monitoring state when the fluctuation disappears and the recurring count does not reach the threshold; it converts to the recurring anomaly state when the recurring statistics condition is met; and it converts to the persistent anomaly state when the medium-term hold window triggers a persistent anomaly. When a persistent anomaly state is superimposed with another type of persistent anomaly or recurring anomaly, it converts to the composite anomaly state. The recurring anomaly state converts to the composite anomaly state when the current period is still exceeding the limit, indicating that historical recurring anomalies are superimposed on the current anomaly. To support continuous judgment, a continuous judgment cache is established. This cache uses a rolling update method to store key diagnostic data, not retaining all original sampled data indefinitely. The continuous judgment cache includes at least the following fields within the short-term observation window: peak current, valley current, peak-valley difference, peak occurrence time, minimum voltage, maximum contact temperature, maximum leakage current, number of state transitions, and anomaly count. For distribution boxes with 24 or fewer channels, the single-circuit continuous judgment cache can optionally retain details from the most recent 30 to 60 seconds. This range is set based on the minimum data span required for the short-term observation window, medium-term hold window, and state transition backtracking. For distribution boxes with 48 channels, [further details can be added]. Select to retain only the details of key fields and summarize earlier data into statistics to adapt to the storage constraints of the field controller; the continuous judgment processing time for a single loop is no more than 5 milliseconds, and the continuous judgment processing time for the whole box is no more than one complete sampling period. The 5 milliseconds for a single loop is set according to the real-time requirement of completing all continuous judgments within one sampling period in a multi-loop scenario; if the processing time is close to the upper limit, priority is given to ensuring the complete execution of continuous judgments for high-priority loops and loops that have entered the abnormal pending state. Low-priority loops can be delayed by one period to complete repeated statistical updates, but this will not affect the formation of continuous anomalies and compound anomalies in the current period. Boundary condition handling rules are also set: if the circuit is in the startup phase and the inrush current exceeds the upper limit of the allowable short-term inrush duration, even if it subsequently falls back, it will not be considered a transient fluctuation, but will be directly included in the continuous anomaly judgment; if the circuit experiences a current higher than the rated current by 5% and lasts for more than 300 milliseconds during the shutdown phase, it will form an unplanned energized anomaly in the continuous anomaly, where the 5% rated current is determined based on the need to eliminate residual micro-current interference, and the 300 milliseconds is determined based on the need to distinguish between short-term measurement disturbances and the actual continuous energized state; if only a single leakage current spike occurs and recovers immediately in the next cycle, and the contact temperature, current, and voltage do not change synchronously, only one fluctuation event will be recorded, and a continuous anomaly will not be formed; if communication interruption results in insufficient data points in the short-term observation window, the repeated anomaly judgment will be suspended, and the current anomaly cache will be retained, and recalculated in the first complete observation window after communication is restored; if the same circuit simultaneously meets the transient fluctuation and continuous anomaly conditions, the continuous anomaly will be given priority, and the independent fluctuation observation state will not be retained; if the previous cycle was already in a repeated anomaly state, and the current cycle forms a continuous anomaly again, the composite anomaly state will be generated first. The diagnostic status table should include at least the circuit number, diagnostic status, diagnostic type, trigger time, associated parameters, observation window length, repetition count value, status upgrade flag, and review priority flag. The diagnostic type can be selected as transient fluctuation type, continuous overload type, continuous high load type, continuous leakage current type, continuous heating type, continuous feedback abnormal type, repetitive abnormal type, and compound abnormal type. The status upgrade flag indicates whether the current diagnostic status has been upgraded compared to the previous cycle, and the review priority flag indicates the repetitive abnormal status corresponding to the compound abnormality or high priority circuit.

[0019] S3. Determine the anomaly level based on the diagnostic status, anomaly duration, anomaly recurrence count, and execution feedback, and generate a corresponding handling status. The specific implementation is as follows: Previously, the output diagnostic status table was used as the main input, and the current running status table was used as the status verification input. At the same time, the execution feedback cache and historical handling records were called. The execution feedback cache contains at least the following fields: the type of the last handling action, the time of action issuance, the time of auxiliary contact change, the time of residual current disappearance, the time of recovery request, the time of recovery completion, and the time of abnormality again after recovery. Clearly define the boundaries of anomaly levels, classifying anomalies into Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, and Level 4. Level 1 anomalies correspond to single fluctuations, minor deviations, or short-term anomalies; Level 2 anomalies correspond to anomalies with definite risks but which can be restricted in operation; Level 3 anomalies correspond to severe anomalies requiring rapid isolation; and Level 4 anomalies correspond to critical anomalies involving execution failure, anomaly expansion, or a clear trend of dangerous evolution. The anomaly level is initially determined based on the diagnostic status: when the diagnostic status is fluctuating, the initial level is Level 1; when the diagnostic status is continuously abnormal, the initial level is Level 2; when the diagnostic status is recurring abnormal, the initial level is Level 2, but if a high-priority loop or the most recent anomaly has not been fully recovered, the initial level is directly upgraded to Level 3; when the diagnostic status is complex, the initial level is directly upgraded to Level 3. The classification relationship is determined based on the anomaly's recoverability, its degree of stability, its recurrence trend, and the degree of risk superposition. After the initial level is determined, the duration is adjusted first. The duration adjustment is based on judgment rules established according to the anomaly type. For continuous overload anomalies, when the over-limit duration reaches 1 to 2 times the upper limit of the short-time tolerance duration in the circuit file, the initial level is maintained. When the over-limit duration exceeds 2 times the upper limit of the short-time tolerance duration, or exceeds 3 to 10 seconds continuously during the continuous operation phase, the level is increased by one level. The upper limit of the short-time tolerance duration (1 to 2 times) is used to cover the transition range from short-time anomaly to continuous anomaly. Exceeding 2 times usually indicates that this type of circuit has exceeded the normal impact tolerance range. The interval exceeding 3 to 10 seconds continuously during the continuous operation phase is set according to the circuit type; for lighting and socket circuits, it can be selected as 3 to 5 seconds. For power and energy storage related circuits, the time can be selected from 5 to 10 seconds. This range is set according to the common allowable duration of different circuits under continuous high load during the non-start-up phase, and is used to distinguish between recoverable deviations and continuous risks. For continuous leakage anomalies, when the leakage value reaches more than 80% of the leakage warning value and lasts for 1 to 3 seconds, the initial level is maintained; when the leakage value is close to or reaches the action value and lasts for more than 500 to 1000 milliseconds, the level is increased by one level. The leakage warning value of 80% is used to identify leakage anomalies in advance, and 1 to 3 seconds is used to eliminate instantaneous leakage disturbances; when it is close to or reaches the action value and lasts for more than 500 to 1000 milliseconds, it indicates that the leakage anomaly has entered the high-risk stage from the warning stage. For continuous heating anomalies, when the contact temperature is above 70℃ and continues to rise, but the heating rate is no more than 3℃ per 10 seconds, it remains a Level 2 anomaly; when the contact temperature is above 85℃, or the temperature rises by more than 10℃ within 60 seconds, it is upgraded to a Level 3 anomaly. 70℃ is used as the starting point for identifying continuous heating anomalies at the connection point, indicating that the connection point has entered a significant heating range; 3℃ per 10 seconds is used to distinguish between slow temperature drift caused by contact thermal inertia and continuous heating; a temperature rise of more than 10℃ within 60 seconds indicates that the heating anomaly has entered a rapid deterioration stage. For feedback anomalies, when the switch position feedback and auxiliary contact feedback are inconsistent and last for more than 300 milliseconds but less than 1 second, it remains a Level 2 anomaly; when the auxiliary contact does not change position after the disconnection command is issued and the residual current persists for more than 500 milliseconds, it is directly upgraded to a Level 4 anomaly; 300 milliseconds to 1 second is set according to the conventional switch feedback transmission time and the mechanism action delay range; if residual current still exists more than 500 milliseconds after disconnection, it indicates that there is a significant risk of failure in the execution link. After completing the duration correction, the repetition count correction is performed. If the same type of anomaly accumulates to 2 times within the repetition statistics window, the current level remains unchanged, and the handling status is matched with the adjacent more stringent status. If it accumulates to 3 times, the level is upgraded by one level. If it accumulates to 4 times or more, and the interval between each occurrence is less than 10 minutes, the level is upgraded by another level based on the existing level, but the maximum level is no more than level four. The adjacent more stringent status corresponding to the handling status is the restricted handling status, the adjacent more stringent status corresponding to the restricted handling status is the isolated handling status, and the adjacent more stringent status corresponding to the isolated handling status is the interlocking status. Handling status; for compound anomalies, the level can be directly upgraded when the cumulative number reaches 2; for high-priority loops, the repetition correction rule can be appropriately tightened, for example, the level can be upgraded when the same type of anomaly occurs 2 times within 5 minutes; among them, 2 times is used to distinguish between single occasional occurrences and the emergence of a repetition trend, 3 times is used to indicate that the same type of anomaly has formed a stable recurrence within an observation period, and 4 times or more with an interval of less than 10 minutes is used to indicate that the anomaly recovery ability is declining and there is an accelerating repetition trend. The high-priority loops adopt stricter repetition correction rules, which are determined based on the operating characteristics of this type of loop with low tolerance for fault recurrence and anomaly expansion; After completing the repetition count correction, execution feedback correction is performed, incorporating the previous handling result into the current level judgment. If the previous handling was to restrict operation, and the current anomaly occurs within 5 minutes after recovery, the current level is upgraded by one level. The 5-minute period is determined based on the short-term recovery observation interval after the restriction is lifted; a recurrence of anomalies within this period usually indicates that the root cause of the fault has not been eliminated. If the previous handling was to disconnect and isolate, and the current anomaly occurs within 1 minute after automatic reset, the current level is no lower than level three anomaly. The 1-minute period is determined based on the common occurrence time of anomalies immediately after automatic reset. If the previous disconnect command was issued... If the auxiliary contact fails to change position within 300 milliseconds after disconnection, or if the residual current fails to drop below 5% of the rated current within 500 milliseconds, the execution link is deemed to have a failure risk, and the level of this abnormality is no less than level four. The 300 milliseconds is determined based on the normal feedback establishment time of the auxiliary contact, and the 500 milliseconds is determined based on the residual current decay completion time after disconnection. The rated current below 5% is used to eliminate the influence of small residual current and measurement zero drift. If two consecutive complete observation windows remain normal after the previous manual reset, the execution feedback correction will not be triggered. The two complete observation windows are determined based on the confirmation requirement of at least two consecutive stable cycles. After completing the above corrections, the final anomaly level and its corresponding handling status are determined. The handling status is matched based on the anomaly level, circuit priority, circuit type, and current operational phase: Level 1 anomalies are matched with an observation handling status; Level 2 anomalies with a restricted handling status; Level 3 anomalies with an isolation handling status; and Level 4 anomalies with a linkage interlock handling status. When a lighting or socket circuit reaches a Level 2 anomaly, new load connections are prohibited, and observation is limited to a certain time; load reduction is not initiated. When a power circuit reaches a Level 2 anomaly, operation is restricted, and load reduction is implemented in stages. When an energy storage or charging circuit reaches a Level 2 anomaly, it can be directly... The matching isolation status is determined based on the high sensitivity of this type of circuit to continuous overcurrent, continuous heating, and recurring anomalies. When the current operating phase is the startup phase, no additional waiting time is added for Level 1 and Level 2 anomalies whose anomaly duration does not exceed the allowable short-term impact duration of the startup phase and are not superimposed with leakage anomalies, continuous heating anomalies, or feedback anomalies. When the current operating phase is the continuous operating phase, no additional waiting time is added for continuous anomalies. When the circuit priority is high, Level 3 anomalies are matched with branch isolation. When the circuit priority is low and has already caused busbar voltage drop or overall anomaly together with other circuits, Level 3 anomalies are directly matched with the linkage interlocking status. The system generates two types of output data structures: an anomaly level table and a handling status table. The anomaly level table includes at least the following fields: loop number, initial level source, duration correction value, repetition count correction value, execution feedback correction value, final anomaly level, and level confirmation time. The handling status table includes at least the following fields: loop number, handling status, handling priority, latest execution time, whether automatic recovery is allowed, whether manual re-recovery is allowed, whether upper-level linkage is required, and status maintenance conditions. The latest execution time is determined based on the anomaly level and loop type: Level 1 anomalies are defined as 1 to 5 seconds after the current cycle; Level 2 anomalies are defined as 500 milliseconds to 3 seconds after the current cycle; and Level 3 anomalies are defined as 100 milliseconds after the current cycle. The timeframe for Level 4 anomalies ranges from 50 to 500 milliseconds after the current cycle, with milliseconds to 1000 milliseconds being the timeframe for Level 5 anomalies. Level 1 anomalies are primarily for observation and confirmation, with a relatively wide processing timeframe. Level 2 anomalies present a clear risk but still allow for operational restrictions, with a processing timeframe of sub-second to second. Level 3 anomalies correspond to severe anomalies requiring rapid isolation, with a processing timeframe of hundreds of milliseconds to within 1 second. Level 4 anomalies correspond to critical anomalies or execution failures, with an even shorter processing timeframe. For power circuits with high rated current and high load energy, the latest execution time for Level 3 anomalies is between 100 and 500 milliseconds. This range is determined based on the characteristics of power circuits, such as rapid fault propagation and high short-term energy release. When the power circuit is in a continuous abnormal state, and the current reaches 1.35 times the rated current for 4 seconds, and there have been 2 similar abnormalities within the repeated statistics window, and it recurs within 10 minutes after the previous restricted operation, the initial level is set to Level 2 abnormality. After duration correction, it remains Level 2 abnormality. After repetition correction, it is upgraded to Level 3 abnormality. After execution feedback correction, it remains Level 3 abnormality and an isolation handling state is generated. The rated current of 1.35 times and the duration of 4 seconds are determined based on the continuous operation allowable range and the short-term impact recovery time. The 2 similar abnormalities and the recurrence within 10 minutes are determined based on the common change pattern of abnormal recurrence and shortening recurrence interval. For example, when the energy storage branch is in a compound abnormal state, and there are both temperature rise abnormalities and disconnection feedback abnormalities, the initial level is set to Level 3 abnormality. After execution feedback correction, it is directly upgraded to Level 4 abnormality and an interlocking handling state is generated. There are also rules for handling anomalies and boundaries. If there is a shortage in the current sampling, but the historical records show that the same type of anomaly exists continuously, and the auxiliary contact, contact temperature, or residual current still exists and can be confirmed, then the anomaly level will not be reduced at the expense of the shortage data. If the circuit is in maintenance mode, the level of first-level and second-level anomalies will still be confirmed, the handling status will still retain the original matching results, the automatic recovery permission will be turned off and a manual confirmation mark will be added, and the level of third-level and fourth-level anomalies will not be required for maintenance mode. If multiple circuits have anomalies at the same time, the handling status table will be generated according to the principle of anomaly level priority and circuit priority, and no subsequent execution conflict will be allowed. If the main incoming line and branch circuits have anomalies at the same time, first check whether the branch anomaly can explain the main incoming line current anomaly, busbar voltage drop, or feedback anomaly. If it can explain, the handling priority of the branch anomaly will be increased. If multiple branches have anomalies at the same time, and the main incoming line executes feedback anomaly, then the final anomaly level of the main incoming line will not be lower than the highest branch anomaly level.

[0020] S4. Based on the handling status, implement measures such as limiting start-up, limiting load, disconnection, locking, or linkage with higher authorities. Based on the post-handling review, implement measures such as lifting restrictions, maintaining locking, or transitioning to manual reset. Specifically: The previous part of the output handling status table is used as input, and the current running status table, execution feedback cache and event log table are called; the execution feedback cache should at least contain fields such as handling action type, action issuance time, auxiliary contact change time, residual current change result, recovery request time, recovery completion time, and time of recurrence after recovery; Before handling, the pending circuits in the handling status table are sorted. The sorting criteria include at least the anomaly level, circuit priority, circuit association level, and latest execution time. Higher anomaly levels have higher execution priorities: level 4 anomalies are higher than level 3, level 3 is higher than level 2, and level 2 is higher than level 1. Within the same level, higher priority circuits precede lower priority circuits, and main incoming line associated circuits precede ordinary terminal circuits. When the above conditions are the same, the circuit with the shorter latest execution time takes precedence. For distribution boxes with 24 or fewer circuits, the handling scheduling update cycle should not exceed 50 milliseconds. For distribution boxes with circuits 24 to 48, the dispatch update cycle is no more than 100 milliseconds. The above time is set according to the real-time requirements for completing the sorting of abnormal circuits, issuing actions, and switching of high-priority circuits within a single dispatch cycle. Among them, 50 milliseconds corresponds to the single-cycle dispatch requirements of distribution boxes with circuits up to 24, and 100 milliseconds corresponds to the dispatch requirements of distribution boxes with circuits 24 to 48 to keep the sampling update rhythm consistent with the conditions of increasing circuit number. If there is a level 4 abnormality in the current cycle, the handling of other lower-level abnormalities can be postponed by one cycle, but it must not affect the triggering of the level 4 abnormality within the latest execution time. When the handling status is "observation and handling status," the current power supply status remains unchanged, the critical sampling period is shortened, and the current abnormal event record is locked. The circuit is not automatically restored to normal status within the observation window. The critical sampling period can be selected by shortening the current sampling period from 50 milliseconds to 20 milliseconds, the contact temperature sampling period from 2000 milliseconds to 500 milliseconds, the leakage current sampling period from 100 milliseconds to 50 milliseconds, and keeping the switch feedback and auxiliary contact feedback sampling periods within the range of 20 to 50 milliseconds. The above time settings are based on the need to provide feedback during the observation and handling period. The system ensures high accuracy in identifying abnormal fallback and feedback change processes while avoiding sampling loads exceeding on-site processing capabilities. Abnormal event recording lockout refers to writing key sampling records from 1 to 3 seconds before an abnormality is triggered and from 2 to 5 seconds after triggering into an event log table. This includes at least fields such as current, voltage, contact temperature, leakage current, operating status, operating stage, auxiliary contact status, and data validity markers. Specifically, the 1 to 3 seconds before triggering covers load changes, state transitions, and feedback evolution before the abnormality occurs, while the 2 to 5 seconds after triggering covers the initial response and abnormal fallback process after the trigger is handled. The observation duration is set according to the circuit type: 1 to 10 seconds for lighting and socket circuits, 2 to 15 seconds for power circuits, and 1 to 8 seconds for energy storage or charging circuits. The shorter duration for lighting and socket circuits is because their instantaneous connection and surge recovery typically occur within seconds. The longer duration for power circuits is due to the mechanical torque build-up and thermal recovery process after motor loads start. The shorter duration for energy storage or charging circuits is because these circuits experience rapid anomaly expansion, requiring a quick decision on escalation measures. If no action is taken within the observation duration... If the same anomaly recurs, and the current, voltage, contact temperature, and leakage current all return to the normal range corresponding to the circuit file, and no new status escalation marker appears, then the circuit is transferred to the unrestricted candidate state. If the same anomaly recurs during the observation period, or if a new continuous increase in contact temperature, continuous increase in leakage current, or inconsistent feedback occurs, then the relevant events are immediately written into the execution feedback cache as the basis for the next round of level correction, and the handling status is upgraded to the restricted handling status or a higher status. The verification conditions for the observation handling are that there are no exceedances, no inconsistent feedback, and no new events written within a continuous complete observation window. When the handling status is restricted, the execution logic is to restrict new startup requests, restrict the access of new loads, maintain the current power supply status, and perform phased load reduction when necessary. For lighting and socket circuits, priority is given to prohibiting the access of new loads and extending the observation window, without directly cutting off existing loads. For power circuits, priority is given to delaying the next startup command, canceling concurrent startup permission, or disconnecting low-priority auxiliary loads in the same group according to the priority order in the circuit file. For energy storage or charging-related circuits, in the event of continuous overcurrent, continuous overheating, or repeated anomalies, new charging and discharging enablement can be directly prohibited, and automatic reset permission can be turned off. The phased load reduction order is determined by the circuit priority in the circuit file, prioritizing the removal of the lowest priority and non-critical operating loads, and then deciding whether to continue load reduction based on the improvement of the anomaly. The timeout period for restricted operation ranges from 10 to 300 seconds. Specifically, the timeout period for ordinary end-point circuits is 10 to 60 seconds, for power circuits it is 20 to 180 seconds, and for energy storage-related circuits it is 10 to 120 seconds. The shorter timeout period for ordinary end-point circuits is because their load switching and anomaly mitigation are typically faster. The longer timeout period for power circuits is because the time required for load reduction, thermal degradation, and load re-stabilization is longer. The timeout period for energy storage-related circuits falls between these two periods because it is necessary to observe anomaly mitigation while limiting the continued spread of anomalies. During the restricted operation period, the abnormal indicators are checked in real-time to ensure they are mitigating as expected, including at least the current decline trend, contact temperature change trend, leakage current change trend, and the number of state switching times. If the abnormal indicators fall back to the normal range and remain above two consecutive medium-duration holding windows, the system transitions to the candidate state for lifting the restriction. Using two medium-duration holding windows as the lifting condition is to span at least two consecutive stable observation cycles, avoiding false recovery caused by short-term declines within a single observation window. If the anomaly does not improve during the restricted operation period, rises again, or forms compound anomaly conditions, the system is directly upgraded to the isolation operation state. When the handling status is isolated, a disconnection command is issued to the target circuit, and the layered action verification is immediately initiated. After the disconnection command is issued, the first verification time limit is 100 to 300 milliseconds to confirm whether the auxiliary contact has switched from the closed position to the open position; the second verification time limit is 200 to 500 milliseconds to confirm whether the residual current has dropped to below 5% of the rated current; the third verification time limit is 500 to 1000 milliseconds to confirm whether the voltage has recovered to the normal range corresponding to the circuit file, whether the target circuit has switched to standby or disconnected status, and whether adjacent circuits have experienced [failures / problems]. Collateral abnormalities; the above three time limits are set according to the switching mechanism action establishment time, residual current decay time after disconnection, and electrical state stabilization and collateral effect manifestation time, respectively; if the auxiliary contact has not changed position within the first review time limit, but the residual current has decreased significantly, an additional short-term review of no more than 200 milliseconds is allowed to distinguish between mechanical hysteresis and actual failure; if the residual current is still higher than the allowable value within the second review time limit, the disconnection is determined to be incomplete; if the busbar voltage continues to drop, the temperature of the adjacent circuit contact is abnormal, or the same group of circuits simultaneously enters a high-level abnormality within the third review time limit, the risk of expansion is determined to exist; The conditions for successful isolation are that the auxiliary contact has been disconnected, the current has dropped significantly, the target circuit has switched to standby or disconnected status, and no extended risk flag has been triggered. The conditions for failed isolation are that the auxiliary contact has not changed position, residual current continues to exist, the switch position is inconsistent with the auxiliary contact for a long time, or the abnormal indicators have not dropped after isolation and continue to increase. After successful isolation, power supply is not directly restored, but the circuit enters a locked-out pending review state. If the isolation fails, the circuit is immediately upgraded to a linkage locked-out state. When the handling status is the interlocked handling status, the execution logic is to trigger the upper-level protection action or the associated protection action, write the interlocking flag, prohibit automatic reset, and generate a maintenance alarm; the triggering conditions for interlocking include at least one of the following: target circuit disconnection failure; multiple branches under the same busbar simultaneously entering level three or level four anomalies; main incoming line feedback anomaly accompanied by branch anomaly propagation; contact temperature reaching the critical boundary; leakage current reaching the action value and lasting for more than 500 milliseconds; overcurrent reaching more than twice the rated current and lasting for 100 to 300 milliseconds; the critical boundary for contact temperature is 90℃ to 100℃, and the corresponding connection point has entered a high heat risk range. The range includes: leakage current reaching the action value and lasting for more than 500 milliseconds, used to overcome transient disturbances and identify true critical leakage current; overcurrent reaching more than twice the rated current and lasting for 100 to 300 milliseconds, used to overcome switch action transients and measurement jitter, and to identify severe overcurrents that significantly exceed the circuit's continuous carrying capacity; after the lockout mark is written, the automatic reset function is disabled, and manual reset is only allowed after the manual confirmation conditions are met; maintenance alarms should include at least the following fields: circuit number, handling status, handling trigger time, linkage reason, action feedback, reason for prohibiting automatic reset, and current operating status snapshot; maintenance alarms can be used as an external summary of the event log table. After the handling is completed, a layered review is performed: immediate action review (execution of handling instructions), status stabilization review (whether current, voltage, contact temperature, leakage current, switch feedback, and auxiliary contacts have been restored), and restoration qualification review (lifting restrictions or transitioning to manual reset). Immediate action review should include fields for action instruction issuance time, feedback change time, residual current change result, and current status change result. Status stabilization review should include the smallest confirmation unit of one complete observation window or two intermediate time holding windows. Restoration qualification review should include fields for event count value, historical reset count, manual confirmation mark, maintenance mode mark, and automatic reset prohibition mark. After the handling is completed, if there are no new abnormal events in one complete observation window and the status stabilization review is passed, the restriction lifting process begins. Restriction lifting is layered: for observation handling status lifting, first restore the sampling cycle, then clear the observation status restriction mark; for restricted handling status lifting, first lift the start limit, then lift the load limit, and finally clear the restricted operation mark; for isolated handling status, the interlock is not directly lifted, and the manual reset process begins. Manual reset is applicable to the locked state after successful isolation and the restored state after interlocking. Before entering manual reset, at least the cause of the fault must have been eliminated, the switch position and auxiliary contact status must be consistent, the insulation status must meet the set requirements, the residual current must be zero or close to zero, and the number of historical automatic resets must not exceed the circuit file limit. Manual reset first performs a no-load verification, with a verification duration of 5 to 30 seconds. This time is used to confirm that there is no no-load abnormality in the circuit when power is restored. After the no-load verification is passed, a low-load test run is performed, with the low-load current being 20% ​​to 40% of the rated current, and the duration being... The time interval is 10 to 60 seconds, which is used to confirm that the circuit can recover stably under low energy conditions. After the low-load trial run is successful, the normal operation observation phase begins, which lasts from 1 to 10 minutes. This time is used to cover the high incidence of recurring anomalies in the early stages of recovery. If the same type of anomaly occurs again during the first observation phase, the recovery result is written to the execution feedback cache. In the next round of level correction, the anomaly level of the circuit is increased by one level, and the number of allowed automatic recoverys is reduced by one. When the number of allowed automatic recoverys is reduced to zero, subsequent similar anomalies can only be manually recovered, and automatic recovery is no longer allowed. Output an event table, which should include at least the following fields: event number, loop number, anomaly level, handling status, handling instruction issuance time, first review result, second review result, third review result, final processing result, restriction release time, return method, and observation result. The final processing result can be: observation ended, restriction released, isolation successful, isolation failure escalation linkage, maintaining the lockout, or manual return ended. Boundary handling rules are also set: if remote communication is interrupted during observation and handling, but local sampling remains effective, local observation continues, and only the remote alarm is sent later; if multiple low-priority loads have been disconnected during the restricted handling period but the anomaly has not decreased, the system will be upgraded to isolation handling status after the latest execution time arrives; if the isolation handling has confirmed that the target circuit is disconnected, but the busbar anomaly has not been eliminated, the fault is determined to be not limited to the target circuit, and the circuits in the same group are reordered and a new handling is triggered; if the linkage interlock occurs in maintenance mode, the interlock remains effective and will not be automatically released due to maintenance mode; if the contact temperature sensor fails, but the disconnection feedback and current change clearly support successful isolation, isolation handling is allowed to be completed, but a manual inspection item is added before reset; if the same circuit experiences two linkage interlocks within 24 hours, the automatic reset prohibition mark in the circuit file will be rewritten to effective, and subsequent reset is only allowed after manual handling.

[0021] This embodiment takes a low-voltage distribution box in an industrial plant as an example. The distribution box contains lighting circuits, power circuits, and charging branches. During the operation of the distribution box, the current, voltage, contact temperature, leakage current, switch position, and auxiliary feedback information of each circuit are collected first. Combined with the pre-established circuit files, the current operating status of each circuit is determined. If a power circuit experiences a current that is continuously higher than the normal range after startup, and the contact temperature rises synchronously, the circuit is continuously judged and identified as a continuous abnormality from transient fluctuations. Based on this, the duration of the abnormality, the number of times the abnormality is repeated, and the execution feedback after the previous handling are combined to determine that the current abnormality level of the circuit is level three. An anomaly is detected, and a corresponding isolation status is generated. Subsequently, a disconnection command is issued to the target circuit, and the auxiliary contact displacement, residual current drop, and busbar operation status are checked sequentially. If the check result indicates successful disconnection, the interlocked state is maintained, and after the fault cause is eliminated, the manual reset process is initiated. After no-load check, low-load test run, and normal operation observation confirm that there are no abnormalities, the circuit is restored to normal operation. If the check result indicates failed disconnection, or if an anomaly is found to be expanding after disconnection, the linkage interlocking is further triggered. Through the above process, automatic identification, level determination, graded handling, and restoration control of distribution box circuit anomalies can be achieved.

[0022] It should be noted that this invention can be deployed on the device itself to realize embedded applications, or it can run on a PC or other terminal with a user interface, thereby meeting various hardware environments and usage requirements.

[0023] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, the processes or functions of the embodiments of this application are implemented in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted wirelessly or wiredly from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center. Wired methods include optical fiber, twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc. Wireless methods include infrared, microwave, etc. Available media include any available media that can be accessed by a computer or data storage devices such as servers and data centers that contain one or more sets of available media. Available media can be magnetic media (floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (DVDs), or semiconductor media. Semiconductor media can be solid-state drives.

[0024] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0025] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of distribution box circuits, characterized in that, include: S1. Collect current, voltage, temperature, leakage current, switch position and auxiliary feedback information of each circuit, and determine the current operating status of each circuit in combination with the circuit file; S2. Continuously determine the current operating status of each circuit according to the circuit type and operating stage, identify transient fluctuations, continuous anomalies and recurring anomalies, and form corresponding diagnostic statuses. S3. Determine the anomaly level based on the diagnostic status, anomaly duration, anomaly recurrence count, and execution feedback, and generate the corresponding handling status. S4. Based on the handling status, implement limited start, limited load, disconnect, lock, or superior linkage handling, and based on the review after handling, implement lifting of restrictions, maintaining lock, or transfer to manual reset.

2. The method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of distribution box circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that, Collect current, voltage, temperature, leakage current, switch position, and auxiliary feedback information for each circuit, including: A current status record is generated for each circuit according to the sampling period. The current status record includes timestamp, circuit number, current value, voltage value, contact temperature value, leakage current value, switch position status, auxiliary contact status, communication valid mark, data quality mark, and the operating status of the previous cycle. The current state record is sequentially checked for time integrity, value boundary, continuity, and cross-consistency. The current status record that passes verification is written into the current running status table; When the switch position status, auxiliary contact status and current change are inconsistent, write the execution link to be verified flag.

3. The method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of distribution box circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that, And by combining the circuit records, the current operating status of each circuit is determined, including: Establish a structured record for each circuit in advance. The record should include at least the rated voltage, rated current, load type, allowable short-time impulse duration, continuous operation limit, contact temperature warning value, contact temperature limit value, leakage warning value, leakage limit value, allowable reset times, automatic reset prohibition mark, and circuit priority. Based on the archive records, sampled values, and the operating status of the previous cycle, the current operating status of the loop is determined, and the operating phase marker and state change record are written.

4. The method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of distribution box circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current operating status of each circuit is continuously determined based on the circuit type and operating stage, including: Establish a continuous judgment record unit for each loop. The continuous judgment record unit corresponds to the current operating status table and status change record, and records at least the current operating status, operating stage, short-term observation window, medium-term holding window, repeated statistics window, status switching time, fluctuation event time, continuous abnormal start time and abnormal count. Configure corresponding observation windows according to the loop type, verify the correspondence between the current running status and the running stage before continuous judgment, write status association anomaly flags for loops with abnormal correspondence, and include them in the continuous feedback anomaly judgment when the feedback anomaly conditions are met.

5. The method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of a distribution box circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Identify transient fluctuations, persistent abnormalities, and recurring abnormalities, and formulate corresponding diagnostic states, including: The system records fluctuation events, determines continuous anomalies, and accumulates anomaly counts for abnormal circuit events. It also generates diagnostic statuses based on anomaly type, duration, recurrence, and status superposition relationships. The diagnostic status can be selected as normal monitoring status, fluctuation observation status, continuous abnormal status, recurring abnormal status, or compound abnormal status, and the conversion is carried out according to the one-way priority upgrade logic; The diagnostic status table records the loop number, diagnostic status, diagnostic type, trigger time, associated parameters, observation window length, repeat count value, status upgrade flag, and review priority flag.

6. The method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of a distribution box circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anomaly level is determined based on the diagnostic status, duration of the anomaly, number of recurrences of the anomaly, and execution feedback, including: The initial level of the abnormality is determined based on the diagnostic status, and then the level is adjusted by combining the duration of the abnormality, the number of times the abnormality recurred, and the execution feedback records. Fluctuation observation state corresponds to Level 1 anomaly, continuous anomaly state corresponds to Level 2 anomaly, recurring anomaly state corresponds to Level 2 anomaly, and compound anomaly state corresponds to Level 3 anomaly. The execution feedback log records the previous handling action, feedback change, residual current change, recovery request, recovery completion, and abnormal information after recovery.

7. The method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of distribution box circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corresponding processing status includes: Based on the final anomaly level, loop priority, loop type, and current operating stage, determine the observation and handling status, restricted handling status, isolated handling status, or linkage interlocking handling status; It also configures start-limiting, load-limiting, load-reducing, branch isolation, or linkage interlocking rules for different types of circuits, and generates an anomaly level table and a handling status table.

8. The method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of a distribution box circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Depending on the status of the situation, actions such as limiting startup, limiting load, disconnecting, locking, or coordinated action with higher authorities may be implemented, including: Based on the anomaly level, loop priority, loop association level, and latest execution time, the loops to be executed are sorted, and corresponding operations are performed according to the observation handling state, restricted handling state, isolated handling state, and linkage interlocking handling state. The observation and handling status corresponds to the adjustment of the key sampling cycle and the locking of abnormal event records; the restriction and handling status corresponds to the start restriction, load access restriction and phased load reduction; the isolation and handling status corresponds to the issuance of disconnection commands and the verification of hierarchical actions; and the linkage and interlocking handling status corresponds to the triggering of the superior protection, the writing of the interlocking mark and the generation of maintenance alarms.

9. The method for self-diagnosis and graded handling of a distribution box circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Depending on the post-treatment review, the restrictions may be lifted, the lockdown maintained, or manual reactivation may be initiated, including: After the action is taken, the following steps are performed in sequence: immediate action review, status stabilization review, and qualification restoration review. The restrictions on observation and treatment status and restricted treatment status that meet the conditions are lifted in sequence, and the closed status after isolation and the recovery status after linkage closed are transferred to the manual return process. Before manual reset, the fault elimination status, the consistency between the switch position and the auxiliary contacts, the insulation status, the residual current and the number of automatic resets are verified, and no-load verification, low-load test run and normal operation observation are carried out in sequence. The reverted results are written to the execution feedback cache and event log table.

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