A motor driver

Abstract

The application discloses a motor driver and relates to the technical field of motor driver heat dissipation, which comprises a shell, a radiator, a cooling fan and an electrical element; the shell is internally provided with a containing cavity, and an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the shell; the radiator is installed in the containing cavity, and the radiator comprises a base plate and fins connected to the base plate; the fins extend to the outside of the shell; the shell, the fins and the base plate form a heat dissipation air duct, and the two ends of the heat dissipation air duct are communicated with the air inlet and the air outlet respectively; the cooling fan is installed in the containing cavity and located at the air inlet; and the electrical element is installed in the containing cavity and abuts against one side of the base plate away from the fins. In this way, the overall occupied volume can be reduced, the heat dissipation effect can be improved, and the service life can be prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of motor driver heat dissipation technology, and particularly to motor driver heat dissipation. Background Technology

[0002] As motor drives continue to develop towards higher power density, miniaturization, and higher integration, the heat density of power semiconductor devices (such as IGBTs, MOSFETs, and gallium nitride power devices) has increased dramatically. Heat dissipation has become one of the core bottlenecks restricting the performance improvement and reliability assurance of motor drives.

[0003] Currently, common heat dissipation solutions mainly include three methods: natural heat dissipation, traditional forced air cooling, and liquid cooling. However, all of them have significant drawbacks: Natural heat dissipation relies solely on radiation and natural convection for heat exchange, resulting in extremely low surface heat transfer coefficients, high thermal resistance, and high temperature rise. It is only suitable for low-power, low-heat-flux-density scenarios and cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements of high-power-density drivers. Traditional forced air cooling uses axial or centrifugal fans in conjunction with aluminum or copper heat sinks for forced convection cooling. However, traditional mechanical fans have the following inherent problems: First, they are relatively large, making it difficult to adapt to miniaturized drivers with ultra-thin, high-density structures. Second, they operate with high noise levels, failing to meet the requirements of applications with high noise reduction requirements. Third, the fan contains motors, coils, and commutation structures, resulting in strong electromagnetic interference, which can easily interfere with sensitive circuits such as control signals, current sampling, ADCs, and communication buses within the driver. Fourth, the fan contains mechanical moving parts such as bearings, leading to poor shock resistance, short lifespan, high power consumption, and limited protection levels.

[0004] In addition, existing technologies also employ composite heat dissipation solutions, but these solutions are merely simple functional additions that fail to achieve a synergistic effect of efficient heat conduction and precise convection, thus failing to meet the heat dissipation requirements of next-generation high-power-density, miniaturized, robotic, automotive, aerospace, and industrial high-reliability controllers.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a motor driver that at least partially solves the above-mentioned drawbacks is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a motor driver that can avoid reducing its overall volume while improving its heat dissipation and extending its service life.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A motor driver, comprising: The housing has an internal cavity and an air inlet and an air outlet on its surface. A radiator is installed in a housing cavity. The radiator includes a base plate and fins connected to the base plate. The fins extend outside the housing. The housing, fins and base plate form a heat dissipation channel. The two ends of the heat dissipation channel are connected to the air inlet and the air outlet, respectively. A cooling fan is installed inside the housing and located at the air inlet; Electrical components are installed inside the receiving cavity and are attached to the side of the substrate away from the fins.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the bottom of the housing is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped holes for the fins to pass through, and the air inlet and air outlet are located at both ends of the strip-shaped holes.

[0009] In one possible implementation, two parallel support protrusions are provided in the cavity, located on both sides of the strip-shaped hole. The support protrusions are used to support the substrate so that the bottom of the substrate, fins and housing forms a heat dissipation channel.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the inner side of the bottom of the housing is recessed to form an air outlet cavity, which connects the air outlet and the heat dissipation duct. A duct cover is detachably installed at the opening of the air outlet cavity.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the electrical component includes a power device and a control drive board. The power device is mounted on the side of the substrate away from the fins, and the control drive board is mounted on the top of a support column provided inside the receiving cavity by screws, with the side of the control drive board near the power device in contact with the power device.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the cooling fan is a piezoelectric fan with a thickness of 1 mm to 3 mm.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the housing is made of aluminum alloy.

[0014] In one possible implementation, a power supply control interface is provided on the side wall of the housing, through which a cable passes to connect to the control drive board.

[0015] In one possible implementation, both the air inlet and the air outlet are mesh structures.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the substrate and fins are an integral structure, and the heat sink is made of aluminum-based diamond composite material.

[0017] Compared with the above background technology, the present invention provides a motor driver, comprising: a housing, a radiator, a cooling fan, and electrical components; the housing has an internal cavity, and an air inlet and an air outlet are provided on the housing; the radiator is installed in the cavity, and the radiator includes a base plate and fins connected to the base plate, the fins extending to the outside of the housing, the housing, fins, and base plate forming a heat dissipation channel, the two ends of the heat dissipation channel being connected to the air inlet and the air outlet respectively; the cooling fan is installed inside the cavity and located at the air inlet; the electrical components are installed inside the cavity and are attached to the side of the base plate away from the fins.

[0018] In this invention, the fins of the heat sink extend from the inside of the housing to the outside, directly contacting the external environment and allowing for natural heat dissipation via external wind, thus forming a natural heat dissipation system. Simultaneously, a portion of the fins is located within a cavity inside the housing, forming several heat dissipation channels with the bottom of the housing and the substrate. Correspondingly, air inlets and outlets are provided at both ends of the corresponding heat dissipation channels, with a cooling fan installed at the air inlet. This means the cooling fan draws in outside air from the air inlet and blows it into the heat dissipation channels to cool the fins. The air, having absorbed heat, is then expelled back to the outside through the air outlet, forming a forced air cooling system. In this way, the heat generated by the electrical components during operation is first transferred to the substrate and then to the fins. The fins dissipate heat through both pathways simultaneously. This combined natural and forced air cooling system significantly improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the electrode driver while reducing the energy consumption required for heat dissipation. In addition, compared to single forced air cooling, it can still work safely when the cooling fan fails. When the cooling fan is stuck, damaged, or the power is cut off, the system can still dissipate heat naturally, and the motor driver will not overheat and burn out immediately. It can operate safely under derated conditions, and its reliability is greatly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the motor driver provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the motor driver provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hidden control drive board structure of the motor driver provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the motor driver provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view along the middle AA line; Figure 6 for Figure 4 Sectional view along the middle BB line; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal air duct cover structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the shell structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the heat sink structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the duct cover structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] in: 100-Housing shell, 110-Air inlet, 120-Air outlet, 121-Air outlet cavity, 130-Strip hole, 140-Support protrusion, 150-Air duct cover, 160-Support column, 170-Power supply control interface; 200 - Heat sink, 210 - Base plate, 220 - Fins, 230 - Heat dissipation duct; 300- Cooling fan; 410 - Power device, 420 - Control and drive board. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left" and "right" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the position or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations of this invention.

[0025] The purpose of this invention is to provide a motor driver that can avoid reducing its overall volume while improving its heat dissipation and extending its service life.

[0026] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: Please see Figures 1 to 10 This embodiment provides a motor driver, including: a housing 100, a heat sink 200, a cooling fan 300, and electrical components; the housing 100 has an internal cavity, and an air inlet 110 and an air outlet 120 are provided on the housing 100; the heat sink 200 is installed in the cavity, and the heat sink 200 includes a substrate 210 and fins 220 connected to the substrate 210. The fins 220 extend outside the housing 100, and the housing 100, fins 220, and substrate 210 form a heat dissipation channel 230. The two ends of the heat dissipation channel 230 are respectively connected to the air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120; the cooling fan 300 is installed inside the cavity and is located at the air inlet 110; the electrical components are installed inside the cavity and are attached to the side of the substrate 210 away from the fins 220.

[0027] Specifically, the housing 100 serves as the outer casing of the driver, and its internal cavity is used to integrate and install components such as the heat sink 200, the cooling fan 300, and electrical components; the heat sink 200 is composed of a substrate 210 and fins 220, specifically as follows... Figure 9 As shown, the heat generated by the electrical components is first conducted through in-plane diffusion via the substrate 210, and then transferred to the fins 220. The fins 220 extend to the outside of the housing 100, allowing some of them to directly contact the external ambient air, forming a natural heat dissipation path. Furthermore, the substrate 210 and fins 220 located inside the housing 100, together with the inner wall of the housing 100, form a heat dissipation duct 230, specifically as follows... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the cooling fan 300 is installed at the air inlet 110 inside the housing cavity. When the fan is working, it drives the external low-temperature gas medium to enter the cooling air duct 230 from the air inlet 110, flow over the surface of the fins 220 for forced convection heat exchange, and then exhaust the heat from the air outlet 120. Thus, the motor driver has both natural cooling and forced air cooling modes: under light load or low temperature conditions, the fan can be turned off and the machine can maintain operation by relying solely on natural cooling; under heavy load or high temperature conditions, the fan is turned on to enhance cooling. The two cooling modes work together to form an efficient and reliable composite cooling system.

[0028] In this invention, the fins 220 of the radiator 200 for heat dissipation extend from the inside of the housing 100 to the outside of the housing 100. This part is in direct contact with the external environment and can be naturally cooled by the external wind, thus forming a natural heat dissipation system. At the same time, a part of the fins 220 is located in the receiving cavity inside the housing 100, and this part of the fins 220 cooperates with the bottom of the housing 100 and the substrate 210 to form several heat dissipation air channels 230. Correspondingly, air inlets 110 and air outlets 120 are respectively provided at both ends of the housing 100 corresponding to the heat dissipation air channels 230, and a cooling fan 300 is installed at the air inlet 110. That is to say, the cooling fan 300 can draw in the outside air from the air inlet 110 and blow it into the heat dissipation air channel 230 to cool the fins 220. The air that has absorbed the heat will be discharged to the outside from the air outlet 120, thus forming a forced air cooling system.

[0029] In this way, the heat generated by the electrical components during operation is first transferred to the substrate 210, and then to the fins 220. The fins 220 dissipate heat simultaneously through both pathways, offering the following advantages: First, compared to natural cooling alone, the heat dissipation capacity is significantly improved. Natural cooling relies solely on radiation and convection, resulting in high thermal resistance and high temperature. With forced air cooling, the surface heat transfer coefficient increases several times, enabling the handling of high-power, high-heat-flux-density controllers and allowing for controllers with higher power and smaller size. Second, compared to forced air cooling alone: ​​the cooling fan 300 can still operate safely even when it malfunctions. Even when the cooling fan 300 is stuck, damaged, or the power is cut off, the system can still dissipate heat naturally. The components will not overheat and burn out immediately, allowing for safe operation under derating and significantly improved reliability. In addition, under light load and low temperature conditions, the fan can be turned off, and natural cooling is sufficient to meet the requirements. This not only reduces noise and saves energy, but also extends the lifespan of the driver. Moreover, this thermal design is more robust, with smaller temperature fluctuations. When the load changes abruptly, natural cooling provides a basic heat dissipation buffer, and the cooling fan 300 only needs to be adjusted slightly to stabilize the temperature, resulting in a smoother temperature rise and less thermal stress. Finally, this setting allows the driver to adapt to a wider range of ambient temperatures. Under low temperature and light load conditions, natural cooling is the primary method, while under high temperature and heavy load conditions, the cooling fan 300 is used to assist and enhance heat dissipation.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the bottom of the housing 100 is provided with a plurality of strip holes 130 for the fins 220 to pass through, and the air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120 are provided at both ends of the strip holes 130.

[0031] Specifically, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, by opening a strip-shaped hole 130 at the bottom of the housing 100, the fins 220 of the heat sink 200 can neatly protrude from the housing 100 and directly contact the external environment, thereby efficiently dissipating heat to the external space of the housing 100. The position and size of the strip-shaped hole 130 match the fins 220, ensuring the passage of the fins 220 while minimizing the opening area of ​​the housing 100, which is beneficial to maintaining the overall structural strength and protective performance of the housing 100. The air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120 are respectively set at both ends of the strip-shaped hole 130, so that the direction of the heat dissipation air duct 230 is consistent with the extension direction of the strip-shaped hole 130. The cooling airflow can flow fully through the entire heat dissipation air duct 230 along the extension direction of the fins 220, maximizing heat exchange with the surface of the fins 220 and improving heat dissipation efficiency. At the same time, this layout makes the airflow path short and straight with low wind resistance, which is beneficial to reducing fan power consumption and increasing effective airflow.

[0032] In one possible implementation, two parallel support protrusions 140 are provided in the cavity, which are located on both sides of the strip hole 130. The support protrusions 140 are used to support the substrate 210 so that the substrate 210, the fins 220 and the bottom of the housing 100 form a heat dissipation channel 230.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, by providing two parallel support protrusions 140 within the receiving cavity to support and position the base plate 210 of the heat sink 200, a gap space of a defined height is formed between the base plate 210 and the bottom of the housing 100. The upper boundary of this gap space is the lower surface of the base plate 210, the lower boundary is the inner surface of the bottom of the housing 100, and the side boundaries are the fins 220 and the support protrusions 140, thus naturally enclosing and forming a heat dissipation air duct 230 with a regular cross-section. This structure has the following advantages: First, no additional installation is required. The independent air duct component can be formed by using the structure of the housing 100 itself and the heat sink 200, which simplifies the number of parts and reduces assembly complexity and cost. Secondly, the support protrusion 140 provides a stable and flat mounting reference for the substrate 210, ensuring that the contact surface between the electrical components and the substrate 210 is flat and reliable, and ensuring heat transfer efficiency. Thirdly, after the substrate 210 is raised, the fins 220 under the substrate 210 are fully exposed in the air duct, making full contact with the airflow flowing through the air duct, which enhances the heat exchange effect.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the bottom inner side of the housing 100 is recessed to form an air outlet cavity 121 corresponding to the air outlet 120. The air outlet cavity 121 connects the air outlet 120 and the heat dissipation duct 230. A duct cover plate 150 is detachably installed at the opening of the air outlet cavity 121.

[0035] Understandably, in this embodiment, recessed grooves are provided at the bottom of the housing 100 at positions corresponding to the air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120, thereby forming an air inlet cavity and an air outlet cavity 121. The air inlet cavity facilitates the cooling fan 300 in drawing in outside air. The air outlet cavity 121 allows the hot airflow from the cooling duct 230 to gather and buffer within the air outlet cavity 121, and then be smoothly discharged from the air outlet 120, avoiding local turbulence and pressure loss caused by the airflow directly impacting the air outlet 120. A removable duct cover 150 is installed at the opening of the air outlet cavity 121, which facilitates cleaning or repairing the inside of the duct during assembly and maintenance, and also facilitates the discharge of the hot airflow guided by the cooling duct 230 from the air outlet 120. Meanwhile, the design of the duct cover 150 can be selected according to the protection level requirements to select a cover structure with good sealing performance, so as to prevent external dust, water vapor and other substances from entering the duct and improve the environmental adaptability of the driver; when the fan is not working, the channel formed by the air outlet cavity 121 and the duct cover 150 can still support the smooth discharge of natural convection airflow.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the electrical components include a power device 410 and a control drive board 420. The power device 410 is mounted on the side of the substrate 210 away from the fins 220. The control drive board 420 is mounted on the top of the support column 160 provided inside the receiving cavity by screws, and the side of the control drive board 420 near the power device 410 is in contact with the power device 410.

[0037] In this embodiment, the power device 410 can be a semiconductor power switching element such as an IGBT (Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor), a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), or a gallium nitride power device 410. As the main heat source, it is directly mounted on the back side of the heat sink 200 substrate 210, that is, the side facing away from the fins 220. Its heat dissipation surface is in close contact with the substrate 210, and thermal grease can be applied between them to reduce contact thermal resistance. Heat is efficiently transferred to the substrate 210 through conduction. The control drive board 420 is fixed inside the receiving cavity by the support post 160, and its position corresponds to that of the power device 410, such that the side of the control drive board 420 closest to the power device 410 is in contact with the non-heat dissipation surface of the power device 410. This configuration makes full use of the vertical space of the housing 100's cavity, stacking the control drive board 420 and the heat sink 200 in the height direction, effectively reducing the planar size of the driver and facilitating overall miniaturization. In addition, some of the heat generated by the power device 410 can also be diffused and dissipated through the control drive board 420, further balancing the temperature distribution. In this embodiment, the support column 160 provides a stable mounting support for the control drive board 420, and the screw connection method facilitates disassembly and maintenance, while ensuring the contact pressure between the control drive board 420 and the power device 410, ensuring good thermal contact.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the cooling fan 300 is a piezoelectric fan, and its thickness is 1 mm to 3 mm.

[0039] In this embodiment, a piezoelectric fan is used as the cooling fan 300. The inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic drives a vibrating sheet to oscillate back and forth, propelling airflow into a directional jet. Using a piezoelectric fan offers the following advantages: First, the piezoelectric fan is extremely thin, only 1mm to 3mm thick, allowing for easy integration into the compact housing of the motor driver without occupying excessive height space, providing crucial support for achieving ultra-thin and miniaturized drivers. Second, the piezoelectric fan operates with extremely low noise, typically below 25dB, far lower than the 30-50dB of traditional axial fans, making it suitable for scenarios with strict requirements for quiet operation. Furthermore, the piezoelectric fan has no electromagnetic coils or commutation structures, generating almost no electromagnetic radiation or conducted interference during operation, fundamentally eliminating the electromagnetic interference risks to sensitive circuits inside the driver caused by traditional fans. In addition, the piezoelectric fan has no bearings or rotating friction parts, exhibiting strong shock and vibration resistance, long service life, and significantly higher reliability than traditional fans.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the housing 100 is made of aluminum alloy.

[0041] In this embodiment, the housing 100 is preferably made of aluminum alloy, which has good thermal conductivity, high specific strength and excellent processability. On the one hand, the aluminum alloy housing 100 itself can serve as an auxiliary heat dissipation surface, conducting some of the heat inside the cavity to the surface of the housing 100, and dissipating it to the external environment through natural convection and radiation, further improving the overall heat dissipation capacity. On the other hand, aluminum alloy has a low density, which is conducive to achieving a lightweight design of the driver. In addition, aluminum alloy is easy to form into complex-shaped housing 100 structures through die casting, CNC machining and other methods, which facilitates the integrated molding of fine structures such as air inlet 110, air outlet 120, support protrusion 140, and strip hole 130, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the side wall of the housing 100 is provided with a power supply control interface 170, through which a cable passes to connect to the control drive board 420.

[0043] Understandably, the control drive board 420 is equipped with a drive circuit, a control chip, and interface terminals. Correspondingly, a power supply control interface 170 is provided on the side wall of the housing 100. External power cables and control signal cables can enter the housing cavity through this interface and connect to the corresponding terminals on the control drive board 420. This design centralizes the electrical interfaces on the side wall of the housing 100, facilitating external wiring of the driver and system integration, while avoiding interference with heat dissipation airflow caused by cables passing through the air inlet 110 or air outlet 120. The power supply control interface 170 can be used with a waterproof sealing connector to meet the requirements of different protection levels.

[0044] In one possible implementation, both the air inlet 110 and the air outlet 120 are mesh structures.

[0045] Understandably, designing the air inlet 110 and air outlet 120 as a mesh structure effectively blocks larger foreign objects from entering the cavity, protecting the internal fan and circuit components. Simultaneously, compared to completely open openings, the mesh structure can, to some extent, even out the incoming and outgoing airflow, reducing airflow noise and enhancing the structural rigidity of the housing 100. Of course, the mesh hole density and arrangement can be optimized and adjusted according to the required ventilation area and protection requirements; this is not specifically limited here.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the substrate 210 and the fins 220 are an integral structure, and the heat sink 200 is made of aluminum-based diamond composite material.

[0047] Specifically, such as Figure 9As shown, in this embodiment, the substrate 210 and fins 220 of the heat sink 200 adopt an integrated structure, avoiding the thermal resistance at the connection interface between the substrate 210 and the fins 220, and ensuring efficient heat conduction from the substrate 210 to the fins 220. The heat sink 200 is made of aluminum-diamond composite material, which uses aluminum or aluminum alloy as the matrix and diamond particles as the reinforcing phase, and is prepared by processes such as powder metallurgy or pressure infiltration. The aluminum-diamond composite material has an extremely high thermal conductivity, specifically 550~750W / m·K, which is more than twice that of traditional aluminum and nearly twice that of copper. It can quickly and evenly conduct the heat generated by the power device 410 to the surface of each fin 220, fundamentally solving the problem of local hot spots under high heat flux density. At the same time, the coefficient of thermal expansion of this material is 6~9ppm / K, which is more matched with the coefficient of thermal expansion of semiconductor chip materials, effectively reducing thermal stress caused by differences in thermal expansion and improving the reliability of long-term device operation. Furthermore, the density of the aluminum-based diamond composite material is approximately 3.2 g / cm³. 3 It is significantly lower than the 8.9 g / cm³ of copper. 3 The weight of the radiator 200 is significantly reduced under the same volume. The material also has excellent specific strength, which allows the radiator 200 to be made thinner and the fins 220 to be denser, further improving the heat dissipation capacity per unit volume of the radiator 200 and providing core material support for achieving small size and lightweight of the driver.

[0048] In summary, this application provides a motor driver whose specific working process is as follows: When the driver is working, the power device 410 generates a large amount of heat. Since the heat dissipation surface of the power device 410 is in close contact with the substrate 210 of the heat sink 200, the heat is efficiently transferred to the aluminum-based diamond composite substrate 210 through thermal conduction. Thanks to the ultra-high thermal conductivity of the substrate 210, the heat is rapidly diffused in the plane of the substrate 210 and conducted to each fin 220. Some fins 220 extend to the outside of the housing 100 and exchange heat with the external ambient gas through natural convection and radiation, forming a natural heat dissipation path. Some fins 220 are located in the receiving cavity of the housing 100 and form a forced air cooling heat dissipation path.

[0049] When the driver is under heavy load or high temperature, the cooling fan 300 starts. The piezoelectric fan drives the external low-temperature gas medium to enter the cooling air duct 230 from the air inlet 110. The cooling airflow flows along the surface of the fins 220 in the air duct and removes the heat on the fins 220 by forced convection. The heat exchanged hot airflow is collected through the air outlet cavity 121 and finally discharged from the air outlet 120 outside the housing 100. This cycle repeats to achieve efficient forced air cooling.

[0050] When the driver is under light load and low temperature conditions, or when the cooling fan 300 stops for any reason, the system can still dissipate heat naturally through the fins 220 exposed to the outside of the housing 100. Simultaneously, the internal cooling duct 230 will also generate some natural convection due to the temperature difference, further aiding in heat dissipation. Therefore, the driver can still operate safely under derating in the event of fan failure, possessing thermal redundancy capability and significantly improving system reliability. In this embodiment, the layout of the housing 100, heat sink 200, cooling fan 300, and electrical components is compact and reasonable, making full use of the internal vertical space and bottom opening area of ​​the housing 100. While ensuring efficient heat dissipation, this design achieves a small size, lightweight, and highly integrated driver.

[0051] It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0052] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0053] The embodiments provided by the present invention have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A motor driver, characterized in that, include: The housing (100) has an internal cavity, and the housing (100) has an air inlet (110) and an air outlet (120). A radiator (200) is installed in the receiving cavity. The radiator (200) includes a base plate (210) and fins (220) connected to the base plate (210). The fins (220) extend outside the housing (100). The housing (100), the fins (220) and the base plate (210) form a heat dissipation duct (230). The two ends of the heat dissipation duct (230) are respectively connected to the air inlet (110) and the air outlet (120). A cooling fan (300) is installed inside the receiving cavity and located at the air inlet (110). Electrical components are installed in the receiving cavity and abut against the side of the substrate (210) away from the fins (220).

2. The motor driver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the housing (100) is provided with a plurality of strip holes (130) for the fins (220) to pass through, and the air inlet (110) and the air outlet (120) are provided at both ends of the strip holes (130).

3. The motor driver according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cavity is provided with two parallel support protrusions (140) located on both sides of the strip hole (130). The support protrusions (140) are used to support the substrate (210) so that the bottom of the substrate (210), the fins (220) and the housing (100) form the heat dissipation channel (230).

4. The motor driver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom inner side of the housing (100) is recessed in relation to the air outlet (120) to form an air outlet cavity (121). The air outlet cavity (121) connects the air outlet (120) and the heat dissipation duct (230). A duct cover plate (150) is detachably installed at the opening of the air outlet cavity (121).

5. The motor driver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical components include a power device (410) and a control drive board (420). The power device (410) is mounted on the side of the substrate (210) away from the fins (220). The control drive board (420) is mounted on the top of the support column (160) provided inside the cavity by screws, and the side of the control drive board (420) near the power device (410) is in contact with the power device (410).

6. The motor driver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling fan (300) is a piezoelectric fan and its thickness is 1mm to 3mm.

7. The motor driver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (100) is made of aluminum alloy.

8. The motor driver according to claim 5, characterized in that, The side wall of the housing (100) is provided with a power supply control interface (170), which is used for cables to pass through to connect to the control drive board (420).

9. The motor driver according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the air inlet (110) and the air outlet (120) have a mesh structure.

10. The motor driver according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The substrate (210) and the fins (220) are an integral structure, and the heat sink (200) is made of aluminum-based diamond composite material.

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