Predicting bandwidth and power savings for different form factors

Abstract

Embodiments include methods performed by a user equipment for efficient management of network resources and power consumption when using dual channel capability. The process can include determining a maximum throughput based on connection parameters of the user equipment, receiving an indication of a change in form factor of the user equipment, detecting an actual throughput of the user equipment within a given time window, and determining whether to enable or disable dual connectivity for the user equipment based on a comparison of the actual throughput to the maximum throughput. The comparison of the actual throughput to the maximum throughput can include one or more thresholds set relative to the actual throughput and the maximum throughput.

Description

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. nonprovisional application No. 18 / 513,825, filed November 20, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0003] Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology, 5G New Radio (NR) technology, and other communication technologies have improved communication and data services. As part of these new communication capabilities, many devices can connect via two or more channels simultaneously and can connect via two or more Subscriber Identity Modules (SIM cards) at a time. Simultaneous use of multiple channels is power-intensive and not always necessary. Predicting device usage periods that may reduce bandwidth can reduce power consumption and achieve higher network efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Various aspects include systems and methods for managing the connectivity of wireless devices to achieve energy savings, executed by the processor of a wearable device. These aspects may include power management and bandwidth management of user equipment, including: determining maximum throughput based on the user equipment's connectivity parameters; receiving indications of changes in the user equipment's form factor; detecting the user equipment's actual throughput within a given time window; and determining whether to enable or disable dual connectivity for the user equipment based on a comparison of the actual throughput with the maximum throughput.

[0005] In some aspects, a change in shape factor can deactivate a sub-screen of the user equipment. In some aspects, a shape factor change such as folding the tablet to a pocket-sized shape factor can be sensed by a sensor that detects screen positioning and indicated to the user equipment, where the fold deactivates or hides a portion of the tablet's screen. In some aspects, in a closed shape factor, the user equipment's main screen can be deactivated, and only notification that the screen can be active is given. A change in shape factor or screen deactivation can indicate a reduction in bandwidth requirements.

[0006] In some aspects, the detection of actual throughput may include detecting the data throughput in the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer within a given time window, and the actual throughput may be the average data usage of the user equipment within the given time window. In some aspects, if the actual throughput is less than a first threshold and less than the maximum throughput, this determination may result in disabling dual connectivity, and disabling dual connectivity may include dropping the secondary cell group (SCG) associated with the user equipment.

[0007] Some aspects may also include: comparing the actual throughput with a first threshold that is less than the maximum throughput; comparing the actual throughput with a second threshold that is less than the first threshold; adding a secondary cell group via dual connectivity if the actual throughput is greater than the first threshold; and discarding the secondary cell group via dual connectivity if the actual throughput is less than the second threshold.

[0008] Another aspect includes a user equipment (UE) having a processor configured to perform one or more operations of any of the methods outlined above. Another aspect includes a processing device for use in a device, the processing device being configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations of any of the methods outlined above. Another aspect includes a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions configured to cause the processor of the user equipment to perform operations of any of the methods outlined above. Another aspect includes a computing device having components for performing any of the methods outlined above. Another aspect includes a system-on-a-chip for use in a computing device, the system-on-a-chip including a processor configured to perform operations of any of the methods outlined above. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1A This is a system block diagram illustrating an example communication system applicable to the implementation of any of the various aspects of this paper.

[0010] Figure 1B This is a system block diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture applicable to any implementation of various implementation schemes.

[0011] Figure 2 Various shape factors of various UEs according to various aspects of this article are illustrated.

[0012] Figure 3 This is a system block diagram illustrating component block diagrams applicable to the implementation of various aspects of this article.

[0013] Figure 4A This is a system block diagram illustrating the control signal flow applicable to the implementation of various aspects of this paper.

[0014] Figure 4B This is a signal diagram illustrating the information flow applicable to various aspects of implementing this article.

[0015] Figure 5A This is a flowchart illustrating the decision flow applicable to various aspects of implementing this paper.

[0016] Figure 5BThis is an example of bandwidth usage changes that can be made to implement various aspects of this article as bandwidth usage changes.

[0017] Figure 5C This is an example of bandwidth usage changes that can be made to implement various aspects of this article as bandwidth usage changes.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a component block diagram applicable to processor systems used in conjunction with various aspects of this document.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the methods applicable to implementing various aspects of this paper.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a component block diagram applicable to user devices used in conjunction with various aspects of this document. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Various embodiments and specific implementations will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Where possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. References to specific examples and implementations are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0022] Various implementations include systems and methods for monitoring bandwidth usage and shape factor changes on user equipment (UEs) capable of shape factor changes (e.g., foldable displays, multiple displays, etc.) to manage the UE's connectivity, thereby saving power and using network resources efficiently. Various implementations also include methods that can be implemented in a user equipment or UE configured to: receive an indication of a shape factor change for the user equipment; determine a maximum throughput based on the user equipment's connectivity parameters; detect the actual throughput of the user equipment within a given time window; and determine whether to enable or disable dual connectivity for the user equipment based on a comparison of the actual throughput with the maximum throughput.

[0023] The term “User Equipment” (UE) is used herein to refer to any or all of the following: wireless communication devices, wireless appliances, cellular phones, smartphones, portable computing devices, personal or mobile multimedia players, laptop computers, tablet computers, smartbooks, ultrabooks, handheld computers, wireless email receivers, virtual reality displays, extended reality displays, internet-enabled multimedia cellular phones, wireless router devices, medical devices and equipment, biometric sensors / devices, wearable devices (including smartwatches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristbands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart rings, smart bracelets)), entertainment devices (e.g., wireless game controllers, music and video players, satellite radios, etc.), wireless network-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) devices (including smart meters / sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, large and small machines and appliances for home or business use), wireless communication elements within autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles, wireless devices attached to or incorporated into various mobile platforms, GPS devices, and similar electronic devices including memory, wireless communication components, and programmable processors.

[0024] The term "System-on-a-Chip" (SOC) is used herein to refer to a single integrated circuit (IC) chip containing multiple resources or processors integrated on a single substrate. A single SOC may contain circuitry for digital, analog, mixed-signal, and radio frequency functions. A single SOC may also include any number of general-purpose or special-purpose processors (digital signal processors, modem processors, video processors, etc.), memory blocks (such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, etc.), and resources (such as timers, voltage regulators, oscillators, etc.). Each SOC may also include software for controlling the integrated resources and processors, as well as software for controlling peripheral devices.

[0025] The term "System-in-Package" (SIP) may be used herein to refer to a single module or package that contains multiple resources, computing units, cores or processors on two or more IC chips, a substrate, or a System-on-a-Chip (SoC). For example, an SIP may include a single substrate on which multiple IC chips or semiconductor dies are stacked in a vertical configuration. Similarly, an SIP may include one or more multi-chip modules (MCMs) on which multiple ICs or semiconductor dies are packaged into a single substrate. An SIP may also include multiple independent SoCs coupled together and packaged adjacent to each other via high-speed communication circuitry (such as on a single motherboard or in a single wireless device). The proximity of SoCs facilitates high-speed communication and the sharing of memory and resources.

[0026] Some UEs may include a telecommunications modem, which includes an antenna, tuner, and other hardware components to establish and maintain dual connectivity to a cellular network. These dual connections (dual connectivity - DC) effectively or substantially double the bandwidth (e.g., throughput) available to the UE. Of course, even if the dual connections are on different frequencies or connected to different network nodes, the doubled bandwidth (e.g., two time slots) of the UE utilizes at least twice the radio resources (e.g., connection time slots). Therefore, monitoring and predicting bandwidth usage at the UE is advantageous, enabling efficient allocation of radio resources.

[0027] Furthermore, recent advancements in user hardware (e.g., UE) have enabled a single device to employ multiple different shape factors. For example, a tablet computer (e.g., with a 4:3 aspect ratio) can fold along one or more lines, allowing its screen to display different resolutions and aspect ratios (e.g., 16:9). Software and applications running on the UE can also adapt to the changed resolution (e.g., changing image size, font size, border width, etc.). The UE may include sensors for detecting when the shape factor changes, allowing applications to adjust accordingly and enabling one or more portions of the screen to be disabled or turned off.

[0028] In some respects, a UE in a reduced form factor may require less bandwidth even for the same application or purpose (e.g., video) because the reduced form factor may decrease the UE's available resolution. A UE in a reduced form factor may also require equal or greater bandwidth, such as if the UE is a bridging device used for augmented or virtual reality devices. Therefore, a change in the form factor can indicate an impending change in bandwidth requirements.

[0029] The UE or its radio modem can monitor bandwidth usage and one or more sensors or flags indicating a change in the UE's shape factor. Based on the detected bandwidth demand, available resources, and the device's shape factor, the UE can predict its bandwidth or resource needs and adjust its connectivity configuration. For example, if bandwidth usage is below the bandwidth capacity of a single connection, the UE can disable one of the dual connections of its radio modem upon detecting a shape factor change that reduces screen resolution.

[0030] Figure 1AThis is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system 100, which includes a network providing a communication link between a UE 130 and a server 110. The UE can connect to the server 110 via a network node 120, which is connected to the server 110 via a link 121 (e.g., a wired, fiber optic, or wireless link). As used herein, the terms “network,” “system,” “wireless network,” “cellular network,” and “wireless communication network” can be used interchangeably to refer to part or all of a wireless network of carriers associated with wireless devices and / or subscriptions on those devices. Communication system 100 may include multiple network nodes 120 and other network entities such as base stations and access points 135. Network nodes 120 are entities that communicate with user equipment and may be referred to as Node B, LTE Evolution Node B (eNodeB or eNB), Access Point (AP), Radio Headend, Transmit / Receive Point (TRP), New Radio Base Station (NR BS), 5G Node B (NB), Next Generation Node B (gNodeB or gNB), etc.

[0031] As described above, UE 130 may include a radio modem with dual connectivity (DC) and may be connected to the network via radio links 125 and 127. Radio link 127 may be connected to network node 120 via access point 135, which may use the same or a different frequency as network node 120. In cases where multiple upstream connection points (e.g., network nodes, access points, repeaters) overlap in range, the connection hub may coordinate the allocation of limited radio resources (e.g., connection time slots) in the area. For example, the radio resource allocation of access point 135 and network node 120 may be coordinated to avoid interference. Figure 1A The devices illustrated herein are merely examples and may be other computing or communication devices. Radio link 125 may be provided via a 5G New Radio (NR) network or any other suitable network, such as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network or a next-generation network. Therefore, references to 5G networks and 5G network elements in the following description are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to be limiting. Communication system 100 may be a heterogeneous network including peer-to-peer links, relay links, and one or more links to network nodes (e.g., network node 120).

[0032] Furthermore, UE 130 can be connected to network node 120 directly via radio link 125 through dual connectivity. The dual connectivity (DC) modem of UE 130 can operate two transceivers connected to network node 120, such that each transceiver provides independent bandwidth resources for UE 130. For example, each of the dual connections of UE 130 can be independently allocated a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) by network node 120. Similarly, in situations such as... Figure 2 When the illustrated shape factor changes, UE 130 can assess its bandwidth requirements and drop one of the connections to network node 120. While dual connectivity has been discussed herein, it is conceivable that UE 130's modem or transceiver could host and manage more connections, and that these connections could be managed according to the efficient process disclosed herein.

[0033] Various implementation schemes can utilize a variety of wireless communication networks, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), FDMA, Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), and others. Generally, any number of wireless networks can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless network can support at least one radio access technology, which can operate on one or more frequencies or frequency ranges. For example, a CDMA network can implement Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) (including the Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) standard), CDMA2000 (including IS-2000, IS-95, and / or IS-856 standards), etc. In another example, a TDMA network can implement Enhanced Data Rate (EDGE) evolution of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). In yet another example, an OFDMA network can implement Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) (including the LTE standard), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. ® Etc. Reference may be made to wireless networks using the LTE standard, and therefore the terms “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access,” “E-UTRAN,” and “eNodeB” are used interchangeably herein to refer to wireless networks. However, such references are provided merely as examples and are not intended to exclude wireless networks using other communication standards. For example, while various third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), and fifth-generation (5G) systems are discussed herein, those systems are cited merely as examples and can be replaced by future generations of systems (e.g., sixth-generation (6G) or higher) in various examples.

[0034] In various communication network implementations or architectures, network nodes can be implemented as aggregated base stations, decomposed base stations, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, relay nodes, sidelink nodes, etc., such as Virtualized Radio Access Network (vRAN) or Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN). Furthermore, in various communication network implementations or architectures, network devices (or network entities) can be implemented in aggregated or monolithic base station architectures, or alternatively, in decomposed base station architectures, and may include one or more of centralized units (CU), distributed units (DU), radio units (RU), near real-time (RT) RAN intelligent controllers (RIC), or non-real-time RICs. Each network device can provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to the coverage area of ​​a network device, a network device subsystem serving that coverage area, or a combination thereof, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0035] Network node 120 can provide communication coverage for macro cells, pico cells, femto cells, another type of cell, or combinations thereof. A macro cell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., with a radius of several kilometers) and allows unrestricted access by user equipment with a service subscription. A pico cell can cover a relatively small geographic area and allows unrestricted access by user equipment with a service subscription. A femto cell can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residential area) and allows restricted access by user equipment associated with that femto cell (e.g., user equipment in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). A network node for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro node or macro base station. A network node for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico node or pico base station. A network node for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto node, femto base station, home node, or home network device. The terms “network device,” “network node,” “eNB,” “base station,” “NR BS,” “gNB,” “TRP,” “AP,” “node B,” “5G NB,” and “cell” are used interchangeably herein.

[0036] In some examples, the cell may not be fixed, and the geographical area of ​​the cell may move depending on the location of the network devices. In some examples, network nodes may interconnect with each other and with one or more other network devices (e.g., base stations or network nodes (not shown)) in the communication system 100 using any suitable transport network through various types of backhaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections, virtual networks, or combinations thereof).

[0037] Network node 120 can communicate with backend server 110 via a wired or wireless communication link (e.g., link 121). UE 130 can communicate with network node 120 via wireless communication link 125 and via radio link 127 through access point 135. For the backend wired communication link (e.g., link 121), various wired networks (such as Ethernet, TV cable, telephone, fiber optic, and other forms of physical network connections) can be used, and these wired networks can use one or more wired communication protocols, such as Ethernet, point-to-point protocols, High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), Advanced Data Communication Control Protocol (ADCCP), and Transmit Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP).

[0038] The communication system 100 may also include relay stations that can receive data transmissions from upstream stations (e.g., network nodes or UEs) and transmit data transmissions to downstream stations (e.g., UEs or network nodes). A relay station may be a UE capable of relaying transmissions to other UEs. A network controller may be coupled to a set of network nodes and provide coordination and control over these network nodes. The network controller may communicate with network nodes via backhaul, midhaul, and / or fronthaul. Network nodes may also communicate with each other directly or indirectly, for example, via wireless or wired backhaul.

[0039] Communication system 100 or 160 can be a heterogeneous network comprising different types of network devices (e.g., macro network devices, pico network devices, femto network devices, relay network devices, etc.). These different types of network devices may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different effects on interference in communication system 100. For example, macro nodes may have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while pico network devices, femto network devices, and relay network devices may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 watts to 2 watts). Bridging devices (e.g., 135) may be distributed throughout communication system 100 and may be stationary or mobile. Bridging device 130 may also be referred to as an access terminal, terminal, mobile station, subscriber unit, user station, wireless device, etc.

[0040] Wireless communication links (e.g., radio link 125 or radio link 127) may include multiple carrier signals, frequencies, or frequency bands, each of which may include multiple logical channels. Wireless communication links may utilize one or more radio access technologies (RATs). Examples of RATs that can be used in wireless communication links include: 3GPP LTE, 3G, 4G, 5G (such as NR), GSM, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Microwave Access Global Interoperability (WiMAX), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and other mobile phone communication technology cellular RATs. Other examples of RATs that can be used in one or more of the various wireless communication links within communication system 100 include mid-range protocols (such as Wi-Fi, LTE-U, LTE-Direct, LAA, MuLTEfire) and relatively short-range RATs (such as ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Bluetooth Low Energy (LE)).

[0041] Some wireless networks (e.g., LTE) use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, often referred to as tones, frequency slots, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated using data. Generally, modulation symbols are transmitted using OFDM in the frequency domain and SC-FDM in the time domain. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the subcarrier spacing could be 15 kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (called a "resource block") could be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz).

[0042] While some implementations may use terminology and examples associated with LTE technology, some implementations are applicable to other wireless communication systems, such as New Radio (NR) or 5G networks. NR can utilize OFDM with a cyclic prefix (CP) on both the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) and includes support for half-duplex operation using Time Division Duplex (TDD). A single component carrier bandwidth of 100 MHz can be supported. NR resource blocks can span 12 subcarriers with a subcarrier bandwidth of 75 kHz over a duration of 0.1 milliseconds (ms). Each radio frame can include 50 subframes with a length of 10 ms. Therefore, each subframe can have a length of 0.2 ms. Each subframe can indicate the link direction for data transmission (i.e., DL or UL), and the link direction of each subframe can be dynamically switched. Each subframe can include DL / UL data and DL / UL control data. Beamforming can be supported, and beam direction can be dynamically configured. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission with pre-decoded encoding can also be supported. The MIMO configuration in DL can support up to eight transmit antennas, with up to eight streams and up to two streams per UE in multi-layer DL transmission. Multi-layer transmission with up to two streams per UE can also be supported.

[0043] Generally, any number of communication systems and any number of wireless networks can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each communication system and wireless network can support a specific Radio Access Technology (RAT) and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. A frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency can support a single RAT in a given geographical area to avoid interference between communication systems using different RATs. In some cases, 4G / LTE and / or 5G / NR RAT networks can be deployed. For example, a 5G Non-Standalone (NSA) network can use a 4G / LTE RAT on the 4G / LTE RAN side of a 5G NSA network, and simultaneously use a 5G / NR RAT on the 5G / NR RAN side of the 5G NSA network. The 4G / LTE RAN and 5G / NR RAN can be interconnected and connected to the 4G / LTE core network (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) network) in the 5G NSA network. Other example network configurations may include a 5G Standalone (SA) network, in which the 5G / NR RAN is connected to the 5G core network.

[0044] Communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, can be deployed in various ways with a variety of components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements, or network equipment (such as base stations (BS), or one or more units (or components) performing base station functions) can be implemented in aggregated or decomposed architectures. For example, base stations (such as Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NRBS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as aggregated base stations (also known as standalone BS or monolithic BS) or decomposed base stations.

[0045] Aggregated base stations can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. Decentralized base stations can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs) (i.e., one or more central or centralized units). In some respects, the CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CUs, DUs, and RUs may also be implemented as a virtual unit (referred to as a Virtual Central Unit (VCU), Virtual Distributed Unit (VDU), or Virtual Radio Unit (VRU)).

[0046] Base station type operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be used in Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Alliance), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)). Decomposition can include distributing functionality across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which allows for flexibility in network design. The various units in a decomposed base station or decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to communicate wirelessly with at least one other unit.

[0047] Figure 1B This is a system block diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station 160 architecture suitable for implementing any of the various implementation schemes. Reference Figure 1A and Figure 1BThe decomposed base station 160 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 162, which may communicate directly with the core network 180 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 180 through one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 164 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 168 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 166, or both. CUs 162 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 170 via corresponding midhaul links (such as F1 interfaces). DUs 170 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 172 via corresponding fronthaul links. RUs 172 may communicate with corresponding UEs 150 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 150 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 172.

[0048] Each of the units (i.e., CU 162, DU 170, RU 172), as well as the near-RT RIC 164, non-RT RIC 168, and SMO frame 166, may include one or more interfaces, or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more other units via transmission media. For example, these units may include wired interfaces configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wired transmission media. Additionally, these units may include wireless interfaces that may include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as radio frequency (RF) transceivers) configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wireless transmission media, or both.

[0049] In some aspects, the CU 162 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by the CU 162. The CU 162 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 162 can be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 162 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 170 for network control and signaling as needed.

[0050] DU 170 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 172s. In some aspects, DU 170 may at least partially host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) according to functional splits (such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, DU 170 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 170 or with control functions hosted by CU 162.

[0051] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RU 172s. In some deployments, an RU172 controlled by a DU 170 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.) or both, based at least in part on functional decomposition such as lower-layer functional decomposition. In such architectures, the RU 172 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 120s. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 172 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 170. In some scenarios, this configuration allows the DU 170 and CU 162 to be implemented in cloud-based RAN architectures such as vRAN architectures.

[0052] SMO framework 166 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, SMO framework 166 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage needs, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, SMO framework 166 can be configured to interact with cloud computing platforms such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 176 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via cloud computing platform interfaces such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 162, DU 170, RU 172, and near-RT RIC 164. In some implementations, SMO framework 166 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 174) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, SMO framework 166 can communicate directly with one or more RU 172 via the O1 interface. SMO framework 166 may also include a non-RT RIC 168 configured to support the functionality of SMO framework 166.

[0053] The non-RT RIC 168 can be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including AI / ML workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 164. The non-RT RIC 168 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 164, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 164 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as an E2 interface, through data collection and action, connecting one or more CU 162s, one or more DU 170s, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 164.

[0054] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 164, the non-RT RIC 168 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 164 and may be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 166 or the non-RT RIC 168. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 168 or the near-RT RIC 164 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 168 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 166 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0055] Figure 2 Various UE 130s with different shape factors are illustrated. (Reference) Figures 1A to 2 , Figure 2 The UE devices illustrated may include UEs with foldable screen capabilities. For example, an unfolded UE 210 may be folded along the white dashed line to achieve the shape factor of a folded UE. When the unfolded UE 210 is folded (or otherwise repositioned) to a folded UE 212, the resolution of the active portion of the screen may be halved. This reduction in resolution may result in a corresponding reduction in the bandwidth required for applications to operate and display information. That is, the unshown portion of the screen of the folded UE 212 may be disabled or turned off.

[0056] Similarly, the expanded UE 214 can be folded into the shape factor of the folded UE 216. When the expanded UE 214 is folded, the right side of the screen can be disabled or turned off. When the expanded UE 214 is folded, some information content (e.g., widgets and icons) may disappear, and some information content (e.g., the bottom icon tray) may be rearranged to a new display resolution and aspect ratio. In other words, changes in the shape factor can generally be achieved without rescaling the displayed information / graphics content, and may simply involve cropping or truncating the displayed content. This truncation or content cropping may result in a rapid reduction in the UE's bandwidth requirements. Therefore, the UE can use shape factor changes as a trigger to reassess its bandwidth requirements, as described below.

[0057] like Figure 2As illustrated, a folded UE 212, folded UE 216, or UE 130 can be folded into a folded UE 218. For example, a folded UE 218 may retain only a small information screen as active (as shown), allowing the user to receive notifications and time / date information. In this case, the bandwidth reduction caused by this shape factor change can exceed 90% or more than 95%. For example, a shape factor change of folding a tablet into a pocket-sized shape factor can be sensed and indicated to the user device. This folding disables and / or hides a portion of the tablet's screen. In this example, in a closed shape factor, the user device's main screen can be disabled, and only the notification screen can be active.

[0058] Similarly, close Figure 2 Any UE screen or part of it within the UE screen can have its bandwidth usage reduced proportionally. For example, a UE in a folded position can maintain its bandwidth requirements even when the user is primarily streaming music. Therefore, bandwidth predictions generated by shape factor variations can balance various factors, such as... Figure 5A As shown.

[0059] Figure 3 This is a component block diagram illustrating a system 300 configured to manage connectivity based on form factor, power usage, and network constraints according to various implementation schemes. Reference Figures 1A to 3 System 300 may include UE 302 (e.g., UE 130) configured to communicate with server 110 via a local wireless connection (e.g., radio links 127, 125) or other near-field communication (NFC) technology. UE 302 may be connected to wireless communication network 308 (e.g., a cellular wireless communication network) via wireless communication link 127b to gNB 304, which may be connected to communication network 308 via backhaul or midhaul 332. UE 302 may also be configured to communicate directly with external resources (e.g., server 110) via wireless communication link 127a to wireless communication network 308. Wireless connection 127a may be a radio link to picocell 306, which may be connected to communication network 308 via backhaul or midhaul 330. Wireless connection 127b may be a radio link to gNB 304, which may be connected to communication network 308 via backhaul or midhaul 332. The communication network 308 can be connected to the server 110 via link 121 (e.g., fiber optic cable), and the edge server 115 can be co-located with the gNB 304.

[0060] UE 302 can connect via transceiver 316 through dual connectivity of wireless communications 127a, 127b. This dual connectivity (DC) can be managed by processor 310 (or processor system) which executes one or more machine-readable instructions 320 that provide the various components of this management process. As described above, parallel wireless communication transmitters (e.g., 304, 306) can jointly manage or coordinate the radio resources of the area (and UE 302) to avoid interference. For example, wireless communications 127a, 127b can be different PDSCH or PUSCH time slots.

[0061] UE 302 may include one or more processors 310, electronic storage devices 312, one or more sensors 314, transceivers 316 (e.g., wireless transceivers), and other components. UE 302 may include communication lines or ports to enable information exchange with networks and / or other computing platforms. Figure 3 The illustration of UE 302 herein is not intended to be limiting. UE 302 may include multiple hardware, software, and / or firmware components that work together to provide the functionality attributed to UE 302 herein. Sensor 314 may include a screen positioning sensor or a fold detection sensor. Furthermore, sensor 314 may include one or more software-based or memory-based flags serving as indicators of parameters such as screen positioning, screen angle, screen activation / deactivation, screen cover closure, and other indicators of shape factor changes or display changes.

[0062] Electronic storage device 312 may include a non-transitory storage medium that electronically stores information. The electronic storage medium of electronic storage device 312 may include one or both of a system storage device integrated with UE 302 (i.e., inherently non-removable) and a removable storage device removably connected to UE 302 via, for example, a port (e.g., a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, a FireWire port, etc.) or a drive (e.g., a disk drive, etc.). Electronic storage device 312 may include one or more of optically readable storage media (e.g., optical discs, etc.), magnetically readable storage media (e.g., magnetic tape, magnetic hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, etc.), charge-based storage media (e.g., EEPROM, RAM, etc.), solid-state storage media (e.g., flash drives, etc.), and / or other electronically readable storage media. Electronic storage device 312 may include one or more virtual storage resources (e.g., cloud storage devices, virtual private networks, and / or other virtual storage resources). Electronic storage device 312 may store software algorithms, information determined by processor 310, information received from UE 302, information received from edge server 115, external resources (e.g., server 110), and / or other information that enables UE 302 to function as described herein.

[0063] Processor 310 may include one or more local processors (as referenced) Figure 6 and Figure 8 As described, the one or more local processors may be configured to provide information processing capabilities in the UE 302 (e.g., a mobile phone). Therefore, processor 310 may include one or more of a digital processor, an analog processor, digital circuitry designed to process information, analog circuitry designed to process information, a state machine, and / or other mechanisms for electronically processing information. Although processor 310 in Figure 3 The processor 310 is shown as a single entity for illustrative purposes only. In some embodiments, the processor 310 may include multiple processing units, one or more of which may be a processor system. These processing units may be physically located within the same device, or the processor 310 may represent the processing capabilities of multiple devices operating collaboratively.

[0064] UE 302 can be configured by machine-readable instructions 320, which may include one or more instruction modules. Instruction modules may include computer program components. Specifically, instruction modules may include one or more of sensor data component 322, throughput capability component 324, data usage component 326, dual-channel management component 328, and / or other instruction modules. These components of UE 302 (e.g., 322-328) together provide a system response to changes in the form factor and data usage of UE 302, such as... Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 5A , Figure 5B As illustrated in the example.

[0065] Sensor data component 322 can be connected to one or more sensors 314 for detecting orientation, ranging, inertia, movement, direction, and other attitude information. Ranging sensor information may come from one or more cameras, radio or acoustic ranging sensors, lasers, wireless signaling (e.g., Wi-Fi ranging), ultrasonic and / or other ranging systems. Imaging sensors using computer vision can detect the position and angular orientation of a surface and identify objects. Inertial and orientation information may be detected by an inertial measurement unit (IMU) including accelerometers, gravimeters, and magnetometers. Direction, orientation, and movement may be detected by a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, etc. These sensors or other dedicated sensors can detect changes in the shape factor of the UE 302 or detect conditions that reduce the bandwidth requirements of the device. Data from these sensors 314 can be collected by sensor data component 322 and stored on electronic storage device 312.

[0066] As a non-limiting example, a magnetic sensor can detect that the screen cover has been fixed above the screen, indicating that the screen is no longer in use and triggering screen deactivation. The signal from the magnetic sensor, along with the flag indicating screen deactivation or unused status, can be collected and stored by sensor data component 322. These stored signals can then be read by other components (e.g., 324-328) executing on processor 310 to manage connectivity and bandwidth requirements.

[0067] Furthermore, the processor 310 of UE 302 can receive sensor data directly from onboard sensors (such as sensor 314) and / or use one or more transceivers 316 to detect available wireless connectivity (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks, etc.) and obtain sensor information from remote sensors. The sensor data component 322 can be configured to determine whether a detected communication link is available by measuring signal strength.

[0068] Throughput capability component 324 may include one or more machine-readable instructions configured to calculate the available bandwidth of the wireless connection based on signal strength measurements (e.g., from sensor 314). Throughput or bandwidth capability may also depend on the frequency being used by the communication channel, antenna orientation, interference, packet loss, and other network factors. Throughput capability component 324 may be configured to determine the maximum throughput of the channel based on measured network factors and conditions. The maximum throughput of one or more channels available to UE 302 may be provided to dual-channel management component 328 to assist in determining channel requirements.

[0069] Data usage component 326 can track the amount of bandwidth used by UE 302 over time and / or at specific points in time. Data usage monitoring may include monitoring PUSCH and PDSCH traffic, or monitoring the number of data packets passing through transceiver 316, or counting the number of downlink or uplink time slots requested by UE 302. In wireless communications such as 5G, network control traffic may be allocated to separate channels and separate communication time slots, such as the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The usage of these control channels may correspond to the usage of data channels. Data usage component 326 can monitor and record the total usage, including data and control signals. Based on this bandwidth usage information, the data rate, changes in the data rate, and the rate of change of the data rate can be determined. This information on data usage can then be stored on electronic storage device 312 and shared or accessed by dual-channel management component 328 to assist in managing the connectivity of UE 302.

[0070] The dual-channel (DC) management component 328 of UE 302 can form two or more connections with the communication network 308. The DC management component 328 can negotiate or request network resources from one or more radio networks or network nodes (e.g., 5G) via control messages. The DC management component 328 can manage one or more operations of transceiver 316, including enabling and disabling DC mode. In DC mode, transceiver 316 can connect to the communication network 308 via dual-channel (DC) such as radio links 127a and 127b, which may be referred to as the primary cell ground (MCG) and secondary cell group (SCG). When DC mode is disabled, the SCG channel is dropped, and only a single channel can be used for both uplink and downlink. Therefore, in this disclosure, dropping the SCG channel is interchangeable with disabling or turning off DC mode.

[0071] As a non-limiting example, the processor 310 of computing device 302 may execute the DC management component 328 on the processor and / or manage one or more transceivers 316 connected to the communication network 308. The processor 310 of computing device 302 may execute instructions to enable dual-channel connectivity and instruct transceivers 316 to connect to picocell 306 via radio link 127a and to gNB 304 via radio link 127b, in order to provide the bandwidth required by one or more applications on UE 302. The DC management component 328 may, according to... Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 5A , Figure 5B One or more processes and evaluations are described to control the connectivity of transceiver 316 and UE 302.

[0072] Figure 4A This is a system block diagram illustrating the control signal flow within UE 302 (e.g., UE 130) according to various implementations. Reference Figures 1A to 3B. UE 302 may include a UE screen controller 410, one or more screen sensors 415, a control unit 420 for wireless communication control of the device, and a radio modem 430. The UE screen controller 410 may provide status and sensor information to the control unit 420 (e.g., a processor executing DC management component 328), enabling the control unit 420 to better predict the current bandwidth requirements of UE 302 and its screen. The control unit 420 may communicate with and control the radio modem 430, and may receive information describing the throughput capacity of the radio modem 430 and recent data usage of UE 302 handled by the radio modem 430. The radio modem 430 may connect to an external network via MCG 440 and SCG 442 in a DC-enabled mode, and may connect only via the MCG 440 channel in a DC-disabled mode.

[0073] Screen sensor 415 can directly detect changes in the shape factor of UE 302 (e.g., via a magnetic or capacitive sensor) and / or monitor one or more actions and parameters at UE screen controller 410 to identify changes that may affect the bandwidth requirements of UE 302. The information and conditions detected by sensor 415 can be relayed to control unit 420 via UE screen controller 410 so that control unit 420 can be aware of changes in the shape factor of UE 302 in real time. Based on changes in the shape factor and measurements from radio modem 430, control unit 420 can modify one or more aspects of the connection to external networks (e.g., 127a, 127b). Control unit 420 may be part of radio modem 430 and operates as its control circuitry as described below. Figure 4B The example data flow is illustrated in more detail below.

[0074] Figure 4B This is a signal diagram of the data flow used for DC connectivity control according to some implementation schemes. (Reference) Figures 1A to 4B UE 302 / 130 may include a screen sensor 415 as described above, a modem throughput module 432 (e.g., throughput capability component 324), a modem usage module 434 (e.g., data usage component 326), and a modem DC control module 436 (e.g., DC management component 328). The modem throughput module 432, modem usage module 434, and modem DC control module 436 may be components of the radio modem 430, such that the processing of these signals is confined to the modem locality implementing MCG 440 and SCG 442.

[0075] As described above, screen sensor 415 can detect changes in screen output, usage, or shape factor and send signals to modem DC control module 436. The sensed changes can be sent to modem throughput module 432 and modem usage module 434 to trigger these components of the modem to send recent throughput capacity and bandwidth usage information to modem DC control module 436. Modem throughput module 432 can send signal 454 to modem DC control module 436, which includes information describing the throughput capacity of one or more channels (e.g., MCG 440 / SCG 442). The throughput capacity information of signal 454 may include a threshold or maximum capacity for one or more channels based on the corresponding channel characteristics (e.g., noise, loss). Modem usage module 434 can send data usage information as signal 456 to modem DC control module 436. The data usage information of signal 456 may include data usage per application, or average data usage, or data usage per screen segment (e.g., from UE screen controller 410).

[0076] Based on the shape factor data and screen data requirements predicted by the changes indicated by signal 452, modem DC control module 436 (e.g., DC management component 328) can determine at process 455 whether to enable or disable dual-connectivity (DC) mode of radio modem 430 (e.g., transceiver 316). Modem DC control module 436 may include a lookup table indicating the average or maximum data requirements of one or more applications for one or more shape factors of UE 302. For example, UE 302 playing YouTube video in a web browser application may be associated with a first data requirement for a tablet computer shape factor (e.g., unfolded UE 210) and a second data requirement for a mobile phone shape factor (e.g., UE 212). Furthermore, UE 302 streaming audio may associate the application with the same data requirement regardless of the shape factor, even when the screen is disabled. Modem DC control module 436 can use this data to predict the required bandwidth changes resulting from changes in the shape factor indicated by screen sensor 415.

[0077] The modem DC control module 436 may also use shape factor changes as triggers to calculate bandwidth requirements based solely on signals 454 / 456. For example, a shape factor change detected by screen sensor 415 may trigger the modem DC control module 436 to request or check the current throughput capacity and current data usage, and compare these values ​​to determine if capacity is sufficient (e.g., if the device is in an unfolded state). As another example, a shape factor change detected by screen sensor 415 may trigger the transmission or request of signals 454 / 456 so that the modem DC control module 436 can determine via process 455 whether the throughput capacity of a single channel (e.g., MCG 440) is sufficient to meet the current or predicted data usage. The process 455 for determining whether to enable / disable the modem's DC mode may include comparing the maximum data usage or a predefined data usage threshold with the throughput capacity of one or more channels.

[0078] Furthermore, at predetermined times or periodically, the modem throughput module 432 and the modem usage module 434 may send signals 462 and 464 respectively, which may contain updated information about bandwidth / throughput capabilities and data usage. In process 465, the modem DC control module 436 may reassess whether to disable DC mode. For example, after a shape factor change triggers a resolution change in video content in a screen application, image quality and size requests from UE 302 may decrease, potentially leading to a reduction in data usage latency.

[0079] The modem DC control module 436 may, in process 465, re-evaluate the determination to enable / disable the DC mode based on updated data usage information in signal 464 or updated throughput capability information (e.g., higher signal strength) in signal 462. Similarly, the modem DC control module 436 may re-evaluate the determination to enable / disable the DC mode solely based on updated data usage information in signal 466 (or 464). This evaluation 455 and re-evaluation 465 may be triggered by a detected shape factor change, allowing the evaluation of the UE 302's bandwidth requirements to be delayed by a predetermined period of time relative to the shape factor change itself.

[0080] Figure 5A This is a process flowchart illustrating example procedure 500 used to determine whether to enable / disable DC mode. (Reference) Figures 1A to 5A Process 500 provides a portion of the information flow starting at 501 in the modem (e.g., 430) of the UE (e.g., 130 / 302). Process 500 can determine how many channels the UE needs and what bandwidth resources it requires within a given time period (e.g., after a shape factor change).

[0081] In block 502, the UE (e.g., 130, 302) may perform operations to calculate the maximum throughput of the UE for a given radio configuration. Components used to perform the operations of determining block 502 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0082] In determination block 503, the UE (e.g., 130, 302) may perform operations including determining whether a sensor (e.g., 415) indicates that a sub-screen mode is activated. Components used to perform the operations of determination block 503 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0083] In response to determining that the sub-screen mode is not activated (i.e., determining box 503 = "No"), the UE may revert to the legacy approach (enabling SCG—unblocking it if adding SCG functionality is blocked) to enable the SCG channel in box 504. For example, if the shape factor is not reduced, process 500 may continue to monitor bandwidth requirements according to the legacy process to determine whether the SCG channel should be added. Components used to perform the operation of box 504 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0084] In response to the activation of the sub-screen mode (i.e., confirmation box 503 = "Yes"), the UE may proceed to confirmation box 505. In confirmation box 505, the UE may check whether it is in DC mode (i.e., DC mode is enabled), making dual connectivity available or being maintained. Components used to perform the operation of confirmation box 505 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0085] In response to determining that the UE is not in DC mode (i.e., DC mode is disabled) (i.e., determining box 505 = "No"), the process may continue to box 510 to measure the UE's throughput or data usage within a time window. Components used to perform the operation of box 510 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0086] To continue this series of operations, method 500 may proceed from block 510 to determination block 512. In determination block 512, the UE (e.g., 130, 302) may perform operations including determining whether the measured throughput is greater than a second threshold. Components used to perform the operations of determination block 512 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0087] In response to determining that the measured throughput is not greater than a second threshold (i.e., determining box 512 = "No"), the process may return to the starting point at box 501. Components used to perform the operation of determining box 512 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0088] In response to determining that the measured throughput is greater than a second threshold (i.e., determining box 512 = "Yes"), the process may continue to box 504, where the SCG channel may be added via a legacy procedure (e.g., unblocking). Components used to perform the operation of determining box 504 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0089] In response to determining that the UE is in DC mode (i.e., DC mode is enabled) (i.e., determining box 505 = "Yes"), method 500 may proceed to box 506. In box 506, the throughput or data usage of the UE may be measured within a given time window. As described above, the measurement of the actual throughput of the UE may include an average value within the time window, or a sum within the time window, or other assessments of data usage within a given time period. Components used to perform the operation of box 506 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0090] In block 507, method 500 may continue from block 506 and may determine whether the measured throughput is less than a first threshold. This first threshold may be a point where continuing to use the second channel (e.g., SCG) would waste network resources, waste UE power, or both. Components used to perform the operation of determining block 507 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0091] In response to determining that the throughput is not less than a first threshold (i.e., determination box 507 = "No"), method 500 may return to the starting point at box 501. In this case, the dual-channel (DC) configuration may remain enabled, and method 500 may return to restart the checking process. Components used to perform the operation of determination box 507 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0092] In response to determining that the throughput is less than a first threshold (i.e., determining box 507 = "Yes"), method 500 may proceed to box 508. In box 508, the UE may perform an operation to disable dual-channel (DC) mode and disable the second channel (e.g., SCG). In other words, if data usage or actual throughput is less than the first threshold, the second channel may not be needed and may be disabled. Components used to perform the operation of box 508 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0093] In block 509, process 500 may continue from block 508, and the UE may perform an operation including preventing the addition of a second channel (SCG). By preventing the reactivation of the SCG channel (i.e., the reactivation of DC mode), the UE performing process 500 can avoid frequent activation and deactivation of DC mode when the actual throughput is close to a first threshold. Preventing the reactivation of the SCG channel can be periodic, asynchronous, cyclical, lasting for a predetermined time, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the second threshold may be less than the first threshold. After preventing SCG activation, process 500 may return to the start block 501. Components used to perform the operations in block 509 may include a modem (e.g., 430), a transceiver (e.g., 316), or a processor (e.g., 602, 604).

[0094] Figure 5B This is an example of the throughput of process 500 as the measured throughput changes over time. (Reference) Figures 1A to 5B The UE (e.g., 130, 302) can perform a process 500 for activating and deactivating a second channel (SCG) based on changes in actual throughput relative to a first threshold and a second threshold. As the measured throughput (y) increases over time and exceeds the second threshold (B), the UE can compare the measured throughput (y) with the second threshold (B) to determine the effective time for adding the second channel, thereby adapting to the increased throughput required by the UE. As the measured throughput (y) decreases over time and falls below the first threshold (P), the UE can compare the measured throughput (y) with the first threshold (P) to determine the effective time for discarding the second channel, thereby saving power and using radio resources more efficiently.

[0095] Figure 5C This is an example of the throughput of process 500 as the measured throughput changes over time. (Reference) Figures 1A to 5CThe UE (e.g., 130, 302) can perform a process 500 for activating and deactivating a second channel (SCG) based on changes in actual throughput relative to a first threshold and a second threshold. The maximum throughput (x) is shown as the top dashed line and may correspond to the maximum throughput of a single channel (i.e., MCG 440). Therefore, as the measured throughput (y) increases over time beyond the first threshold (P) and reaches the second threshold (B), the UE can compare the measured throughput (y) with the maximum throughput (x) and the second threshold (B) to determine the effective time to add the second channel, thereby accommodating the increased throughput required by the UE. As relative to... Figure 5A As described in process 500, once the measured actual throughput is higher than the second threshold (B), a second channel (SCG) can be added to an existing channel (MCG) (shown as SCG addition).

[0096] The second threshold can be set below the maximum throughput (x) of a single channel (MCG) (or at a lower bandwidth metric) to avoid unexpectedly exceeding the maximum throughput during the next evaluation period. As mentioned above, the maximum throughput (x) varies not only with the channel / transmitter frequency and power but also due to numerous transient variables such as noise and interference. Therefore, the second threshold can be advantageously set and periodically adjusted to remain below the maximum throughput (x). In other words, the second threshold can function as a safety condition to increase bandwidth before channel capacity is reached. Once the SCG channel is added, the UE's maximum throughput increases, while this example only shows the maximum throughput of a single channel.

[0097] As the actual measured throughput (data usage) decreases from its peak, usage may drop below the maximum throughput of a single channel and below a second threshold, while remaining in DC mode with both MCG and SCG channels active. Upon reaching and falling below the first threshold, the UE can deactivate DC mode and discard the SCG channel. After the SCG is discarded, the UE can prevent the reactivation of DC mode for a given period of time. As mentioned above, the maximum throughput can vary based on multiple variables, and the first and second thresholds can also vary relative to the maximum throughput.

[0098] Furthermore, the second threshold can be adjusted higher on the bandwidth scale. Shifting the second threshold (and the SCG addition point) higher on the bandwidth scale can result in greater power savings due to the delay in DC mode. The second threshold can also be adjusted lower on the bandwidth scale. Since this change allows the SCG channel to be added earlier, it reduces the likelihood that the UE will reach maximum throughput before the SCG channel can be added, thus resulting in a more stable user experience and data flow.

[0099] Furthermore, the first threshold can be adjusted higher on the bandwidth scale, where shifting the first threshold (and SCG drop point) higher on the bandwidth scale results in greater power savings for the UE. The first threshold can also be adjusted lower on the bandwidth scale, where shifting the first threshold (and SCG drop point) lower on the bandwidth scale results in greater stability due to the SCG channel remaining active for a longer period.

[0100] Figure 6 This is a component block diagram illustrating an example computing and wireless modem system 600 suitable for implementing any of the various implementation schemes. Various implementation schemes can be implemented on several single-processor and multi-processor computer systems, including system-on-a-chip (SOC) or system-in-package (SIP) components.

[0101] refer to Figures 1A to 6 The illustrated example computing system 600 (which may be a SIP in some embodiments) includes two SOCs 602 and 604 coupled to a clock 606, a voltage regulator 608, and an output device 668 (e.g., a display), and a wireless transceiver 666 configured to transmit / receive wireless communications to / from one or more network nodes (e.g., 120) via one or more antennas (not shown). In some embodiments, the first SOC 602 may operate as the central processing unit (CPU) of a UE (e.g., 130), executing instructions of a software application by performing arithmetic, logic, control, and input / output (I / O) operations specified by instructions. In some embodiments, the second SOC 604 may operate as a dedicated processing unit. For example, the second SOC 604 may operate as a dedicated 5G processing unit responsible for managing high-capacity, high-speed (e.g., 5Gbps, etc.) and / or very high-frequency short-wavelength (e.g., 28GHz millimeter-wave spectrum, etc.) communications.

[0102] The first SOC 602 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) 610, a modem processor 612, a graphics processor 614, an application processor 616, one or more coprocessors 618 (such as vector coprocessors) connected to one or more processors in the processor, memory 620, custom circuitry 622, system components and resources 624, interconnect / bus modules 626, one or more temperature sensors 630, a thermal management unit 632, and a thermal power envelope (TPE) component 634. The thermal management unit 632 and the thermal power envelope (TPE) component 634 may communicate with an edge server 115. The second SOC 604 may include a 5G modem processor 652, a power management unit 654, an interconnect / bus module 664, multiple millimeter-wave transceivers 656, memory 658, and various additional processors 660 such as application processors, packet processors, etc.

[0103] Each processor 610, 612, 614, 616, 618, 652, 660 may include one or more cores and one or more temperature sensors, and each processor / core may perform operations independently of other processors / cores. For example, the first SOC 602 may include a processor running a first type of operating system (such as FreeBSD, LINUX, OS X, etc.) and a processor running a second type of operating system (such as MICROSOFT WINDOWS 10). Furthermore, any or all of processors 610, 612, 614, 616, 618, 652, 660 may be included as part of a processor cluster architecture (such as a synchronous processor cluster architecture, an asynchronous or heterogeneous processor cluster architecture, etc.).

[0104] The first SOC 602 and the second SOC 604 may include various system components, resources, and custom circuitry for managing sensor data, analog-to-digital conversion, wireless data transmission, and performing other specialized operations, such as decoding data packets and processing encoded audio and video signals for rendering in a web browser. For example, the system components and resources 624 of the first SOC 602 may include power amplifiers, voltage regulators, oscillators, phase-locked loops, peripheral bridges, data controllers, memory controllers, system controllers, access ports, timers, and other similar components for supporting processors and software clients running on AR devices. System components and resources 624 and / or custom circuitry 622 may also include circuitry for interfacing with peripheral devices such as cameras, electronic displays, wireless communication devices, external memory chips, etc.

[0105] The first SOC 602 and the second SOC 604 can communicate via interconnect / bus module 650. Various processors 610, 612, 614, 616, and 618 can be interconnected via interconnect / bus module 626 to one or more memory elements 820, system components and resources 624, custom circuitry 622, and thermal management unit 632. Similarly, processor 652 can be interconnected via interconnect / bus module 664 to power management unit 654, millimeter-wave transceiver 656, memory 658, and various additional processors 660. Interconnect / bus modules 626, 650, and 664 may include arrays of reconfigurable logic gates and / or implement bus architectures such as CoreConnect, AMBA, etc. Communication can be provided by advanced interconnects such as high-performance on-chip networks (NoC).

[0106] The first SOC 602 and / or the second SOC 604 may also include input / output modules (not illustrated) for communicating with external resources such as clock 606 and voltage regulator 608. External resources such as clock 606 and voltage regulator 608 may be shared by two or more internal SOC processors / cores.

[0107] In addition to the example SIP 600 discussed above, some specific implementations can also be implemented in a wide variety of computing systems, which may include a single processor, multiple processors, multi-core processors, or any combination thereof.

[0108] Figure 7 This is a process flowchart of an example method 700, which can be executed by a UE with a processing system according to various implementation schemes. This processing system is configured to utilize dual-channel capability to provide efficient management of network resources and power consumption. Refer to Figures 1 to... Figure 7 Method 700 can be performed by a UE (e.g., 130, 302) having a processing system (e.g., 600) including at least one processor (e.g., 310, 610, 612, 614, 616, 618) and a wireless transceiver (e.g., 430, 666) configured to operate in a dual-channel mode. At least one processor of the processing system can be configured to perform operations via processor-executable instructions (e.g., 320) stored in a non-transitory processor-readable medium (e.g., memory 620, electronic storage device 320). Components for performing the operation of method 700 may include the UE, the processor, the wireless transceiver, and reference figures 1 to 2000. Figure 7 The supporting subsystems and components are described. To cover the various configurations of hardware and software that enable the operation of method 700, the element that performs each operation is referred to as the "processing system".

[0109] In block 702, the processing system can determine the maximum throughput based on the connectivity parameters of the user equipment. As described above, this maximum throughput can vary based on connectivity parameters (e.g., noise, loss, interference, channel frequency, signal power, etc.). The maximum throughput can be measured or predicted based on one or more measured or selected connectivity parameters. The maximum throughput may correspond to the bandwidth capacity of a single radio channel (e.g., data time slots allocated to a single channel).

[0110] In block 704, the UE processing system may receive an indication of a change in the shape factor of the user equipment. As described, the UE and / or modem (or its control unit) may receive signals from sensors that detect the folding or deactivation (e.g., activation of a sub-screen) of the UE's screen. For example, the indication of a change in the shape factor may be received from a sensor that detects the screen's positioning. For example, a change in the shape factor may be the deactivation of a sub-screen of the user equipment.

[0111] In box 706, the processing system can detect the actual throughput of the user equipment within a given time window. As described, the UE can detect the actual throughput or data usage (e.g., data packets sent and received) within a given time window or period. This actual throughput can be a measured throughput detected or determined by a modem (e.g., 430) processing the data streams. These data streams may include the data throughput of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer within the given time window. The actual throughput may be the average of the data usage of the user equipment within the given time window.

[0112] In determination block 708, the processing system may determine whether to enable or disable dual connectivity for the user equipment based on a comparison between the actual throughput and the maximum throughput. The processing system may determine to disable dual connectivity if the actual throughput is less than a first threshold and less than the maximum throughput. For example, disabling dual connectivity may include dropping a secondary cell group (SCG) associated with the user equipment. In determination block 708, the comparison between the actual throughput and the maximum throughput may include a comparison between the actual throughput and a first threshold that is less than the maximum throughput, and the comparison may also include a comparison between the actual throughput and a second threshold that is greater than the first threshold. If the actual throughput is greater than the second threshold, a secondary cell group (SCG) may be added via dual connectivity mode, and if the actual throughput is less than the first threshold, the secondary cell group may be dropped.

[0113] In response to determining that dual connections are disabled (i.e., determination box 708 = "disable"), the processing system may disable dual connections in box 710 as described.

[0114] In response to the UE not operating in dual connectivity and determining that dual connectivity should be enabled (i.e., determining box 708 = "Enable"), the processing system may enable dual connectivity in box 712.

[0115] Figure 8 This is a component block diagram applicable to a computing device 800 used with various implementation schemes. Refer to Figures 1 to... Figure 8 Various implementation schemes can be implemented on various computing devices 800 (e.g., UE 130, UE 302). Figure 8An example of this is illustrated in the form of a smartphone. The computing device 800 may include a first SoC 602 (e.g., an SoC-CPU) coupled to a second SoC 604 (e.g., a 5G-enabled SoC). The first SoC 602 and the second SoC 604 may be coupled to internal memory 816, a display 812, and a speaker 814. The first SoC 602 and the second SoC 604 may also be coupled to at least one SIM and / or SIM interface, which may store information supporting dual-channel (DC) connectivity and support services on a 5G non-standalone (NSA) network.

[0116] The computing device 800 may include an antenna 804 for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic radiation, which may be connected to a wireless transceiver 666 coupled to one or more processors in a first SoC 602 and / or a second SoC 604. The computing device 800 may also include a menu selection button or a rocker switch 820 for receiving user input.

[0117] The computing device 800 also includes a sound codec (CODEC) circuit 810 that digitizes sound received from a microphone into data packets suitable for wireless transmission and decodes the received sound data packets to generate an analog signal for use with a speaker to produce sound. Additionally, one or more processors in the first SoC 602 and the second SoC 604, as well as the wireless transceiver 666 and CODEC 810, may include digital signal processor (DSP) circuitry (not shown separately).

[0118] The processors of UE 130, UE 302, and computing device 800 can be any programmable microprocessor, microcomputer, or multiprocessor chip, which can be configured via software instructions (applications) to perform various functions, including those described in the various embodiments below. In some mobile devices, multiple processors may be provided, such as one processor within SoC 604 dedicated to wireless communication functions and another within SoC 602 dedicated to running other applications. Software applications may be stored in memories 620, 816 before being accessed and loaded into the processor. The processor may include internal memory sufficient to store application software instructions.

[0119] The various specific embodiments illustrated and described are provided merely as examples illustrating the various features of the claims. However, the features shown and described for any given specific embodiment are not necessarily limited to the associated specific embodiment and can be used or combined with other illustrated and described embodiments. Furthermore, the claims are not intended to be limited to any single example specific embodiment. For example, one or more operations of methods 500 and 700 may be performed in a different order than those illustrated and described, including in parallel or as a combination of operations.

[0120] Specific implementation embodiments are described in the following paragraphs. While some of the specific embodiments described below are in the form of exemplary methods, further exemplary embodiments may include: the example methods discussed below, implemented by a wearable device or edge server, including a processor configured with processor-executable instructions to perform the operations of the methods of the following embodiments; the example methods discussed below, implemented by a wearable device or edge server including components for performing the methods of the following embodiments; and the example methods discussed below, implemented as a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions configured to cause a processor of a wearable device or edge server to perform the operations of the methods of the following embodiments.

[0121] Example 1. A method for power management and bandwidth management of user equipment, the method comprising: determining a maximum throughput based on connection parameters of the user equipment; receiving an indication of a change in the form factor of the user equipment; detecting the actual throughput of the user equipment within a given time window; and determining whether to enable or disable dual connectivity for the user equipment based on a comparison of the actual throughput with the maximum throughput.

[0122] Example 2. The method according to Example 1, wherein: the indication of the change in the shape factor is received from a sensor that detects screen positioning.

[0123] Example 3. The method according to any one of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the change in shape factor is the deactivation of a sub-screen of the user equipment.

[0124] Example 4. The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 3, wherein the detection of the actual throughput includes detecting the data throughput in the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer within the given time window.

[0125] Example 5. The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 4, the method further includes: disabling dual connections when the actual throughput is less than a first threshold and less than the maximum throughput.

[0126] Example 6. The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 5, wherein disabling dual connectivity includes discarding the secondary cell group (SCG) associated with the user equipment.

[0127] Example 7. The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 6, wherein the actual throughput is the average amount of data used by the user equipment within the given time window.

[0128] Example 8. The method according to any one of Examples 1 to 7, the method further comprising: comparing the actual throughput with a first threshold less than the maximum throughput; comparing the actual throughput with a second threshold greater than the first threshold; adding a secondary cell group via dual connectivity mode if the actual throughput is greater than the second threshold; and discarding the secondary cell group if the actual throughput is less than the first threshold.

[0129] As used in this application, the terms "component," "module," "system," etc., are intended to include computer-related entities such as, but not limited to, hardware, firmware, combinations of hardware and software, software, or software being executed, configured to perform specific operations or functions. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, or a computer. By way of example, both an application running on a wireless device and the wireless device itself can be referred to as a component. One or more components may reside within a process or a thread of execution, and components may be localized on a single processor or core or distributed across two or more processors or cores. Furthermore, these components may execute from various non-transitory computer-readable media on which various instructions or data structures are stored. Components may communicate via local or remote processes, function or procedure calls, electronic signals, data packets, memory read / write, and other known networks, computers, processors, or process-related communication methods.

[0130] Several different cellular and mobile communication services and standards are available and envisioned for the future, all of which are feasible and benefit from various implementation schemes. These services and standards include, for example, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, 3rd generation wireless mobile communication technology (3G), 4th generation wireless mobile communication technology (4G), 5th generation wireless mobile communication technology (5G) and subsequent 3GPP technologies, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), 3GSM, Universal Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems (e.g., cdmaOne, CDMA1020TM), Enhanced Data Rate Evolution of GSM (EDGE), Advanced Mobile Telephone Systems (AMPS), Digital AMPS (IS-136 / TDMA), Evolved Data Optimization (EV-DO), Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT), Global Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wi-Fi Protected Access I and II (WPA, WPA2), and Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN). Each of these technologies relates to the transmission and reception of, for example, voice, data, signaling, and / or content messages. It should be understood that any references to terms and / or technical details relating to individual telecommunications standards or technologies are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims to a particular communication system or technology, unless specifically stated in the language of the claims.

[0131] The foregoing method descriptions and process flowcharts are provided as illustrative examples only and are not intended to require or imply that the operations of the various embodiments must be performed in the given order. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the operations in the foregoing embodiments can be performed in any order. Words such as “afterward,” “then,” “next,” etc., are not intended to limit the order of operations; these words are used to guide the reader through the description of the method. Furthermore, any reference to singular claim elements (e.g., references using the articles “a,” “an,” or “described”) should not be construed as limiting that element to the singular.

[0132] The various exemplary logic blocks, modules, components, circuits, and algorithmic operations described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and operations have been generally described above in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of the claims.

[0133] Hardware for implementing the various exemplary logic units, logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using a general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. While the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, in alternative embodiments, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of receiver intelligent objects, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Alternatively, some operations or methods may be performed by circuitry specific to a given function.

[0134] In one or more embodiments, the described functionality can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium. The operation of the methods or algorithms disclosed herein may be implemented in a processor-executable software module or processor-executable instructions, which may reside on a non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable storage medium. A non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable storage medium may be any storage medium that can be accessed by a computer or processor. By way of example and without limitation, such non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable storage media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, FLASH memory, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage intelligent objects, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible by a computer. As used herein, disks and optical discs include compact optical discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile optical discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, wherein disks typically magnetically reproduce data, while optical discs optically reproduce data using lasers. The above combinations are also included within the scope of non-transitory computer-readable and processor-readable media. Additionally, the operation of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of code and / or instructions on a non-transitory processor-readable and / or computer-readable storage medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.

[0135] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to implement or use the claims. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the claims. Therefore, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but should be granted the broadest scope consistent with the following claims and the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for power management and bandwidth management of user equipment, the method comprising: The maximum throughput is determined based on the connection parameters of the user equipment. Receive instructions regarding changes in the shape factor of the user equipment; Detect the actual throughput of the user equipment within a given time window; as well as Whether to enable or disable dual connectivity for the user equipment is determined based on a comparison between the actual throughput and the maximum throughput.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication of the change in the shape factor is received from a sensor that detects screen positioning.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the change in shape factor is the deactivation of a sub-screen of the user equipment.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the actual throughput comprises: Detect the data throughput in the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer within the given time window.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: If the actual throughput is less than a first threshold and less than the maximum throughput, disable dual connections.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein disabling dual connectivity includes discarding the secondary cell group (SCG) associated with the user equipment.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the actual throughput is the average amount of data used by the user equipment within the given time window.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The actual throughput is compared with a first threshold that is less than the maximum throughput; The actual throughput is compared with a second threshold that is greater than the first threshold. If the actual throughput is greater than the second threshold, a secondary cell group is added via dual connectivity mode; as well as If the actual throughput is less than the first threshold, the secondary cell group is discarded.

9. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: At least one transceiver, the at least one transceiver being configured to establish a dual-connectivity wireless communication link for the user equipment, the at least one transceiver being configured to: The maximum throughput is determined based on the connection parameters of the user equipment. Receive instructions regarding changes in the shape factor of the user equipment; Detect the actual throughput of the user equipment within a given time window; as well as Whether to enable or disable dual connectivity for the user equipment is determined based on a comparison between the actual throughput and the maximum throughput.

10. The UE according to claim 9, further comprising: A sensor configured to detect screen positioning and provide the at least one transceiver with the indication of the change in the shape factor.

11. The UE of claim 9, wherein the change in shape factor is the deactivation of a sub-screen of the user equipment.

12. The UE of claim 9, wherein the at least one transceiver is further configured to detect the actual throughput by detecting the data throughput in the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer within the given time window.

13. The UE of claim 9, wherein the at least one transceiver is further configured to: If the actual throughput is less than a first threshold and less than the maximum throughput, disable dual connections.

14. The UE of claim 13, wherein the at least one transceiver is further configured to disable dual connectivity by discarding the secondary cell group (SCG) associated with the user equipment.

15. The UE of claim 9, wherein the actual throughput is the average amount of data used by the user equipment within the given time window.

16. The UE of claim 9, wherein the at least one transceiver is further configured to: The actual throughput is compared with a first threshold that is less than the maximum throughput; The actual throughput is compared with a second threshold that is greater than the first threshold. If the actual throughput is greater than the second threshold, a secondary cell group is added via dual connectivity mode; as well as If the actual throughput is less than the first threshold, the secondary cell group is discarded.

17. A non-transitory processor-readable medium storing processor-executable instructions configured to cause a transceiver of a user-equipped device to perform operations, the operations including: The maximum throughput is determined based on the connection parameters of the user equipment. Receive instructions regarding changes in the shape factor of the user equipment; Detect the actual throughput of the user equipment within a given time window; as well as Whether to enable or disable dual connectivity for the user equipment is determined based on a comparison between the actual throughput and the maximum throughput.

18. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the indication of the change in the shape factor is received from a sensor detecting screen positioning.

19. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the change in shape factor is the deactivation of a sub-screen of the user equipment.

20. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are further configured to detect the actual throughput by detecting the data throughput in the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer within the given time window.

21. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause a transceiver of a user equipment to perform an operation, said operation further comprising: If the actual throughput is less than a first threshold and less than the maximum throughput, disable dual connections.

22. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause a transceiver of a user equipment to perform an operation such that disabling dual connectivity includes discarding the secondary cell group (SCG) associated with the user equipment.

23. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the actual throughput is the average amount of data used by the user equipment within the given time window.

24. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the stored processor-executable instructions are configured to cause a transceiver of a user equipment to perform an operation, said operation further comprising: The actual throughput is compared with a first threshold that is less than the maximum throughput; The actual throughput is compared with a second threshold that is greater than the first threshold. If the actual throughput is greater than the second threshold, a secondary cell group is added via dual connectivity mode; as well as If the actual throughput is less than the first threshold, the secondary cell group is discarded.

25. A user equipment, the user equipment comprising: Components used to determine the maximum throughput based on the connection parameters of the user equipment; A component for receiving indications of changes in the shape factor of the user equipment; A component used to detect the actual throughput of the user equipment within a given time window; and A component used to determine whether to enable or disable dual connectivity for the user equipment based on a comparison between the actual throughput and the maximum throughput.

26. The user equipment according to claim 25, further comprising: Components used for detecting screen positioning; and A component for indicating the change in the shape factor based on the screen positioning.

27. The user equipment of claim 25, wherein the component for detecting the actual throughput further comprises: A component used to detect the data throughput in the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer within the given time window.

28. The user equipment according to claim 25, further comprising: A component for disabling dual connections when the actual throughput is less than a first threshold and less than the maximum throughput.

29. The user equipment of claim 27, wherein disabling dual connectivity includes discarding the secondary cell group (SCG) associated with the user equipment.

30. The user equipment according to claim 25, further comprising: A component for comparing the actual throughput with a first threshold that is less than the maximum throughput; A component for comparing the actual throughput with a second threshold that is greater than the first threshold; Components for adding secondary cell groups via dual connectivity mode when the actual throughput is greater than the second threshold; and Components for discarding secondary cell groups when the actual throughput is less than the first threshold.

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