A method for ecological breeding of rosy shrimp based on synergistic madder-winter shed in xijiang water area

Abstract

The application provides a Rubia cordifolia-winter shed collaborative Macrobrachium rosenbergii ecological breeding method based on Xijiang water, and belongs to the technical field of aquatic health breeding and agricultural ecological engineering. The application initiatively constructs a space-time coupling breeding mode of "summer Rubia cordifolia and winter Macrobrachium rosenbergii", realizes the space-time cooperation of three core modules of Xijiang live water, Rubia cordifolia water purification and winter shed heat preservation staggered peak, realizes water quality stability, reduces the occurrence of diseases and staggered market, finally achieves the multiple goals of reducing breeding risk, improving product quality and economic benefit and protecting the ecological environment of Xijiang water, and provides an ecological and efficient breeding solution with regional characteristics and market competitiveness for the Macrobrachium rosenbergii industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture health and agricultural ecological engineering technology, and particularly relates to an ecological farming method of madder-winter shed co-culture of giant freshwater prawn based on the Xijiang River. Background Technology

[0002] Giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), as a high-quality freshwater shrimp species, are an important aquaculture species in southern China. Existing aquaculture models mostly focus on single technologies such as "grass-prawn symbiosis," "monoculture in winter sheds," or "microbial water quality control." For example, patent CN114982685 A discloses a method for ecological pond aquaculture of giant freshwater prawns. This method divides the pond into a biological purification pond and a rearing pond. Submerged plants (such as Elodea nuttallii and Vallisneria natans) are planted in the biological purification pond, and filter-feeding organisms such as crabs, silver carp, bighead carp, freshwater mussels, and snails are stocked. A U-shaped pipe is used to facilitate water exchange between the two ponds, purifying the aquaculture wastewater and improving water quality stability. This method achieves, to some extent, the recycling and ecological purification of aquaculture water, reducing pollution pressure on the external water environment. However, existing technologies still have the following shortcomings: Low level of technological integration and lack of system-wide collaborative design: For example, although CN 114982685 A introduced biological purification ponds and aquatic plant planting, the aquatic plants were only placed in the purification area and did not form a functional coupling with the aquaculture area; moreover, its purification function mainly relied on filter feeders and aquatic plants for absorption, and the "regional water source-characteristic aquatic plants-temperature control facilities" were not designed as an organic whole. The level of technological integration is still insufficient, making it difficult to achieve multi-functional synergistic efficiency within the aquaculture system.

[0003] Insufficient regional adaptability and failure to leverage local resource advantages: Existing technologies have not been optimized for specific water areas (such as the pH value, mineral content, and seasonal water temperature changes of the Xijiang River), nor have they utilized local dominant aquatic plants (such as madder / Hydrilla verticillata) as the core medium for water quality control and feed supplementation. This results in a farming model that is highly versatile but poorly adaptable to different regions, making it difficult to form a differentiated product competitive advantage.

[0004] The limited design of the breeding cycle restricts the ability to stagger market entry: Although CN 114982685 A adopts a multi-crop free-range model, its breeding cycle is concentrated from May to October, failing to address the low survival rate and market gap caused by low temperatures in winter and spring. The lack of supporting temperature control facilities such as winter sheds further limits the ability to engage in off-season breeding and stagger market entry. Concentrated product supply leads to fierce price competition and limited economic benefits.

[0005] Traditional flavor control and disease prevention methods have low ecological benefits: Existing technologies mostly rely on post-disaster disease control using veterinary drugs (such as regular disinfection with iodine preparations, povidone-iodine, and chlorine dioxide). While this can control disease occurrence, it increases drug costs and poses a risk of drug residues, which is inconsistent with the development trend of green and ecological aquaculture. Furthermore, existing technologies do not actively control shrimp meat flavor through aquaculture processes (such as aquatic plant feeding and water quality control), resulting in severe product homogenization and low added value. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical challenges in traditional giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming: 1) low survival rates and market gaps due to low temperatures in winter and spring; 2) large fluctuations in water quality and frequent disease outbreaks under conventional farming methods; and 3) concentrated product market entry, monotonous flavor, and low added value, this invention proposes a giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) ecological farming method based on the Xijiang River, leveraging the abundant "Xijiang River flowing water" resources and significant local advantages of "Madder" in Gaoyao District, Zhaoqing. Through the spatiotemporal coupling and synergistic regulation of Xijiang River flowing water, Madder, and winter sheds, the method achieves stable water quality, reduces disease occurrence, and staggered market entry, providing the giant freshwater prawn industry with a regionally distinctive and market-competitive ecological and efficient farming solution.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* and *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in the Xijiang River basin, comprising the following steps: (1) Pond renovation and basic preparation: Select a breeding pond adjacent to the Xijiang River that can introduce fresh water from the Xijiang River, and divide it into a breeding area and a tailwater purification area; the breeding area is used for the breeding of giant freshwater prawns, the bottom of the pond is planted with madder, the pond wall is equipped with escape prevention facilities, and a winter shed is built; the tailwater purification area is used to treat the breeding tailwater, and a madder purification belt is set up inside. (2) Regulation of Xijiang River water and pretreatment of ponds: Before aquaculture, Xijiang River water is introduced into the aquaculture area, and the water is disinfected and fertilized to cultivate biological feed; (3) Targeted planting and management of madder: plant madder in the breeding area to form a strip layout; during the breeding period of giant freshwater prawns, prune madder regularly, and leave the pruned shoots in the breeding area for giant freshwater prawns to eat directly; (4) Release of shrimp larvae: The giant freshwater prawn larvae were released in two batches in late May and early December respectively; the second batch of larvae was released and then the prawns entered the winter greenhouse culture stage. (5) Winter greenhouse environment and daily management: During the winter greenhouse breeding period, the water level in the breeding area is dynamically adjusted according to the growth stage of giant freshwater prawns and the growth of madder; the water is changed regularly, and the water source for the water change is treated fresh water from the Xijiang River; (6) Tailwater self-purification and recycling and harvesting: The aquaculture tailwater overflows to the tailwater purification area, and after being absorbed by madder and filtered by microbial membrane, the qualified water is returned to the aquaculture area for recycling; when the giant freshwater prawns reach the marketable size, multiple batches of harvesting are carried out using the method of catching the big ones and leaving the small ones, and the market is staggered.

[0008] This invention utilizes the spatiotemporal coupling and synergistic regulation of Xijiang River flowing water, madder, and winter sheds. In the technical solution of this invention, Xijiang River flowing water serves as the core foundation of water quality for the entire aquaculture system. Precise regulation ensures basic stability of the aquaculture water quality, while providing a suitable water environment for the growth of madder and the survival of giant freshwater prawns. The layout of madder in strip planting in the aquaculture area and purification belts in the tailwater purification area serves the dual functions of water purification and natural feed supply. Regular pruning achieves dynamic adaptation of these functions, making it the core of the three modules connecting water quality and prawn quality. The construction of winter sheds is the core facility for realizing two-crop aquaculture. Through temperature control and aquaculture cycle design, it enables off-season aquaculture and staggered market entry, while also creating a stable environment for winter aquaculture, thus helping to improve the stability of aquaculture. This invention is not a simple superposition of three modules, but rather achieves mutual reinforcement and adaptation of functions through cyclical coupling in the time dimension and synergistic layout in the spatial dimension, ultimately forming a closed-loop aquaculture ecosystem: the growth cycle of madder and the aquaculture cycle of giant freshwater prawns form a counter-seasonal coupling. In summer, madder grows vigorously, giving full play to its water purification and feed supply functions, providing a stable environment for the first batch of giant freshwater prawns; in winter, madder works with the tailwater purification zone to continuously purify the water, while the winter shed provides insulation for the second batch of giant freshwater prawns, achieving a temporal and spatial mismatch of "summer madder and winter prawns," allowing the two core elements to play a continuous role in aquaculture throughout the year; at the same time, the stocking of the two batches of prawn larvae, the regular pruning of madder, and the dynamic control of water quality (water exchange, use of bacterial agents) are all designed according to the growth stages of giant freshwater prawns, achieving precise adaptation of aquaculture management. The aquaculture pond is divided into an aquaculture area and a wastewater purification area. Madder is planted in strips in the aquaculture area (directly serving the shrimp), and a purification belt is set up in the wastewater purification area (to treat aquaculture wastewater). The Xijiang River's flowing water covers the entire aquaculture process, and the winter shed covers the entire aquaculture area. The three modules form a closed loop layout of aquaculture-purification-supply-temperature control in space. Aquaculture wastewater is purified and returned without leaving the pond, which reduces pollution to the Xijiang River and realizes the internal circulation of aquaculture resources.

[0009] Further, in step (1), the area ratio of the aquaculture area to the wastewater purification area is 70-80%:20-30%; the depth of the aquaculture area is 1.5-1.8m, and the thickness of the bottom mud is ≤10cm.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (1), the winter shed can maintain a day-night temperature difference of ≤3℃ and the temperature inside the shed reaches 18-22℃; the escape prevention device is an escape prevention membrane laid on the pond wall, buried 15cm underground and 40-50cm above the ground; the aquaculture pond is rectangular, with east-west length and north-south width, and the bottom of the pond is flat.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (2), after the Xijiang River water is introduced, the water quality indicators are controlled as follows: pH value 7.2-8.5, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L, ammonia nitrogen ≤0.5mg / L, and nitrite ≤0.1mg / L; the disinfection treatment is to apply 50-75kg of quicklime per mu; the fertilizer treatment is to first sprinkle rapeseed cake, and then apply biological fertilizer in several batches.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (2), the Xijiang River water needs to be filtered through a 60-mesh filter before being introduced to remove impurities and harmful organisms; pond pretreatment is completed 15-20 days before aquaculture, and Xijiang River water is introduced to a water level of 50-70cm in the aquaculture area.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (3), the planting density of the madder is 11-18 plants / m². 2 The strip layout has a strip spacing of 90cm. The pruning frequency is once every 20 days during the seedling stage and once every 10 days during the adult shrimp stage. The length of the tender shoots left after pruning is 5-8cm.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (3), the planting time of madder is 15-20 days after the pond is cleaned and disinfected, and it is planted in the pond bottom area about 3 meters away from the pond base in the breeding area; the pruning frequency is flexibly adjusted according to the growth stage of giant freshwater prawns, the growth of madder and the water quality of the pond, and madder is cut off in time when it is too dense to prevent it from covering the water surface too much.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (4), the stocking density of the two batches of shrimp fry is different. The first batch is stocked with 20,000 to 30,000 shrimp per mu, and the second batch is stocked with 10,000 shrimp per mu. One month after the shrimp fry are stocked, filter-feeding fish are raised in the same tank. The filter-feeding fish are silver carp and bighead carp, with 50 and 10 fish per mu respectively.

[0016] Further, in step (4), the shrimp larvae are healthy giant freshwater prawn larvae with a size of 2-4cm; before release, the shrimp larvae are bathed in 3-5% saline solution for 5-10 minutes, and vitamin C is sprinkled throughout the pond at the same time; the feed is given twice a day, at 6:00-7:00 am and 5:00-7:00 pm, with the evening feeding accounting for 60%; the protein content of the feed is adjusted according to the growth stage, with a special feed with a protein content of 42% during the seedling stage and a 41% protein feed during the adult shrimp stage, with the feeding amount being 3-5% of the stock.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (5), the dynamic adjustment of pond water depth is as follows: the water depth is controlled at 0.5-0.7 meters for the first two months of aquaculture, and gradually increased to 0.8-1.5 meters in the middle and later stages of aquaculture; the water is changed once every 7 days, and the amount of water changed is 15-30% of the total water volume.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (5), the aquaculture management also includes: alternating the use of EM bacteria and lactic acid bacteria to regulate water quality every 10 days, and sprinkling quicklime every 15-20 days to improve the bottom sediment.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (5), during the high-temperature season (July-September), the wave generator and micro-pore aerator are activated and aeration is continuously provided from 22:00 to 8:00 the next day; water quality indicators are monitored daily, and the temperature inside the shed is monitored daily during the winter shed period.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (6), the purification residence time of the tailwater purification zone is ≥48 hours.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (6), the pattern of catching large fish and leaving small fish is to fish once every 15-17 days until the pond is cleared.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (6), the product specifications are that the shrimp are harvested when they weigh more than 25g / tail, and a fishing net with a mesh size of 3cm is used for seine fishing. One day before harvesting, the water is drained by 30-50cm and the aerator is turned on. After cleaning the pond, the pond water is completely drained, excess bottom mud is removed and the pond is dried until one month before the next stocking. The purified tailwater can be recycled back to the aquaculture area after meeting the Class II standard of the "Requirements for Freshwater Pond Tailwater Discharge".

[0023] Furthermore, the madder plant is a whorled hydrilla, whose growth cycle is from March to October, forming a counter-seasonal spatial-temporal coupling with the winter prawn farming cycle (October to April of the following year), thus realizing the "summer grass, winter prawn" farming model.

[0024] The core of this invention lies in the pioneering construction of a "summer grass, winter shrimp" spatiotemporally coupled aquaculture model. Through precise control of the spatiotemporal synergy of three core modules—the flowing water of the Xijiang River, the water purification and feeding provided by madder root, and the winter greenhouse insulation and staggered harvesting—the system achieves stable water quality, reduced disease incidence, and staggered market entry, ultimately achieving multiple goals: reducing aquaculture risks, improving product quality and economic benefits, and protecting the ecological environment of the Xijiang River. Specifically: Regional resource synergy: Deeply integrate the water quality parameters of the Xijiang River (pH=7.2-8.5, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L) with the local resources of Rubia cordifolia to form a dedicated aquaculture system; Spatiotemporal coupling: For the first time, the growth cycle of madder (March-October) and the winter prawn farming cycle (October-April of the following year) are coupled in reverse season. By mismatching the time sequence of "summer madder and winter prawn", the problem of concentrated price drop during the winter market is solved. Three-dimensional dynamic regulation: Through the synergistic effect of madder (water purification + auxiliary feed), winter shed (temperature control + staggered market launch), and Xijiang River flowing water (water quality base), a closed-loop ecosystem is constructed by precisely matching the environmental needs of giant freshwater prawns at different growth stages. Precise parameter optimization: The planting density of madder and the temperature control range of the winter greenhouse are set in stages to adapt to the three-crop farming cycle of giant freshwater prawns and maximize benefits.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: (1) Ecological benefits: The animal health input of this invention is reduced by about 25%, the effluent is 100% compliant with discharge standards after three-stage purification, and the feed conversion ratio is reduced to below 2, which is 10-15% lower than the traditional model; (2) Economic benefits: The survival rate of giant freshwater prawns is increased by about 10-20% in this invention, the comprehensive benefits per mu are increased by 2,000-3,000 yuan, the premium for two crops of staggered market is more than 15%, the total amino acid content of the prawn meat is increased, and it has better flavor and quality. (3) Practicality: The technical parameters of this invention are adapted to high-requirement regional conditions, the operation process is standardized, and it can be directly used for large-scale promotion, taking into account the needs of small and medium-sized farmers and breeding bases. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the aquaculture pond in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0029] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0030] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0031] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0032] This invention provides a method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* and *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in the Xijiang River basin, comprising the following steps: (1) Pond renovation and basic preparation: Select aquaculture ponds adjacent to the Xijiang River that can introduce fresh water from the Xijiang River, and divide them into an aquaculture area (70-80% of the area, 1.5-1.8m deep, bottom mud thickness ≤10cm, rectangular in shape, long east-west and wide north-south, with a flat bottom) and a tailwater purification area (20-30% of the area); the aquaculture area is used for the aquaculture of giant freshwater prawns, and the tailwater purification area is used to treat the aquaculture tailwater. The bottom of the pond is planted with madder, and the pond wall is equipped with an escape-proof membrane laid on the pond wall, buried 15cm underground, and a winter shed is built. The winter shed can maintain a day-night temperature difference of ≤3℃ and the temperature inside the shed reaches 18-22℃. (2) Regulation of Xijiang River water and pretreatment of ponds: 15-20 days before aquaculture, Xijiang River water is introduced to a water level of 50-70cm in the aquaculture area. After the Xijiang River water (which is filtered through a 60-mesh filter to remove impurities and harmful organisms before aquaculture) is introduced, the water quality indicators are controlled as follows: pH 7.2-8.5, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L, ammonia nitrogen ≤0.5mg / L, and nitrite ≤0.1mg / L. The water is disinfected and fertilized. Biological feed is cultivated. The disinfection treatment is to apply 50-75kg of quicklime per mu. The fertilization treatment is to first sprinkle rapeseed cake and then apply biological fertilizer in several batches. (3) Targeted planting and management of madder: Madder is planted in the aquaculture area. The planting time is 15-20 days after the pond is cleaned and disinfected. It is planted in the pond bottom area about 3 meters away from the pond embankment, with a planting density of 11-18 plants / m². 2 The strip layout is designed with a strip spacing of 90cm. During the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming period, the madder is pruned regularly at the following frequency: once every 20 days during the seedling stage and once every 10 days during the adult stage. The length of the tender shoots left after pruning is 5-8cm. The pruned tender shoots are left in the farming area for the giant freshwater prawns to feed on directly. The madder is planted 15-20 days after the pond is cleaned and disinfected, and is planted in the pond bottom area about 3 meters away from the pond embankment. (4) Stocking of shrimp larvae: The giant freshwater prawn larvae were stocked in two batches in late May and early December. After the second batch of larvae were stocked, the prawns entered the winter shed culture stage. The first batch was stocked with 20,000-30,000 larvae per mu, and the second batch was stocked with 10,000 larvae per mu. One month after stocking the larvae, filter-feeding fish were introduced. The filter-feeding fish were silver carp and bighead carp, with 50 and 10 fish per mu respectively. The larvae were healthy giant freshwater prawn larvae with a size of 2-4 cm. Before stocking, the larvae were bathed in 3-5% saline solution for 5-10 minutes, and vitamin C was sprinkled throughout the pond. The feed was given twice a day, at 6:00-7:00 am and 5:00-7:00 pm, with 60% of the feed given in the evening. The protein content of the feed was adjusted according to the growth stage. During the larval stage, a special feed with a protein content of 42% was fed, and during the adult stage, the feed was changed to a 41% protein feed. The amount of feed was 3-5% of the stock. (5) Winter shed environment and daily management: During the winter shed breeding period, the water level of the breeding area is dynamically adjusted according to the growth stage of the giant freshwater prawn and the growth of madder. The water is changed regularly, and the water source is treated Xijiang River water. The water depth is controlled at 0.5-0.7 meters in the first two months of breeding, and gradually deepened to 0.8-1.5 meters in the middle and late stages of breeding. The water is changed once every 7 days, and the water volume is 15-30% of the total water volume. Breeding management also includes: using EM bacteria and lactic acid bacteria alternately every 10 days to adjust the water quality, and sprinkling quicklime every 15-20 days to improve the bottom sediment. During the high temperature season (July-September), the wave generator and micro-pore aerator are used to continuously aerate from 22:00 to 8:00 the next day. The water quality indicators are monitored daily, and the temperature inside the shed is monitored daily during the winter shed period. (6) Self-purification and recycling of tailwater and harvesting: The overflow of aquaculture tailwater is sent to the tailwater purification area. After being absorbed by madder and filtered by microbial membrane, the qualified water is returned to the aquaculture area for recycling. The purification retention time in the tailwater purification area is ≥48 hours. The microbial membrane is a brush carrier biofilm mainly composed of Nitrifying Spirulina. When the giant freshwater prawns reach the marketable size, the large ones are harvested and the small ones are left to grow (harvested once every 15-17 days until the pond is cleared) in multiple batches to avoid peak market. Harvesting begins when the adult prawns weigh more than 25g / tail. A fishing net with a mesh size of 3cm is used for seine netting. One day before harvesting, the water is drained by 30-50cm and the aerator is turned on. After the pond is cleared, the pond water is completely drained, excess bottom mud is removed and the pond is dried until one month before the next stocking. The purified tailwater can be returned to the aquaculture area for recycling after meeting the Class II standard of the "Requirements for Freshwater Pond Tailwater Discharge".

[0033] Figure 1 The diagram shows the layout of the aquaculture pond in this embodiment of the invention. It can be seen that the aquaculture pond is divided into two parts: an aquaculture area (crayfish pond) and a tailwater purification area (ecological purification and water regulation pond), which are separated by a dam (ecological ditch).

[0034] All embodiments and comparative examples of this invention were carried out at a breeding base in Gaoyao District, Zhaoqing. Three different breeding locations were selected (namely, Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, and Comparative Example 1), and three adjacent ponds with similar areas were selected at each location. Specifically, the pond area of ​​Embodiment 1 was 3 mu / pond, the pond area of ​​Embodiment 2 was 5 mu / pond, and the pond area of ​​Comparative Example 1 was 5 mu / pond. The breeding cycle was 12 months (two-crop breeding), and the differences in various indicators were monitored.

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0036] Example 1 A method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in winter greenhouses based on the Xijiang River includes the following steps: (1) Pond renovation and basic preparation: Aquaculture ponds adjacent to the Xijiang River and capable of receiving fresh water from the river were selected and divided into a 2.4-acre aquaculture area (80% of the total area, with a pond depth of 1.6m, bottom mud thickness of 9cm, rectangular shape, east-west length and north-south width, and a flat bottom) and a 0.6-acre wastewater purification area (20% of the total area). The aquaculture area is used for raising giant freshwater prawns, and the wastewater purification area is used to treat the wastewater from aquaculture. Madder is planted on the bottom of the pond, with 3 Madder planting strips planned. An escape-proof membrane is laid on the pond wall and buried 15cm underground. A winter shed is also built, which can maintain a day-night temperature difference of ≤3℃ and an internal temperature of 18-22℃. (2) Regulation of flowing water in the Xijiang River and pretreatment of ponds: On April 15, 2025, fresh water from the Xijiang River was introduced to a water level of 55cm in the aquaculture area. The fresh water from the Xijiang River (which was first filtered through a 60-mesh filter to remove impurities and harmful organisms before aquaculture) was introduced, and the water quality indicators were controlled as follows: pH = 7.8, dissolved oxygen = 5.8 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen = 0.3 mg / L, and nitrite = 0.06 mg / L. 60 kg of quicklime was applied per mu for disinfection. On April 22, 25 kg of rapeseed cake was sprinkled per mu. On May 6 and 11, bio-fertilizer was applied twice (12.5 kg per mu each time). (3) Targeted planting and management of madder: On April 30, 2025, madder was planted in the aquaculture area within 3 meters of the pond bottom, at a planting density of 11 plants / m². 2 The shrimp were planted in a strip pattern with a strip spacing of 90cm. On May 20th (when the shrimp larvae reached 5cm in length), the density was adjusted to 18 plants / m². 2 During the cultivation of giant freshwater prawns, madder is pruned regularly at the following frequency: once every 20 days during the seedling stage and once every 10 days during the adult stage. The length of the tender shoots left after pruning is 6cm. The pruned tender shoots are left in the cultivation area for the giant freshwater prawns to feed on directly. (4) Shrimp larvae release: First batch (May 21, 2025): 48,000 giant freshwater prawn larvae (2-4cm in size) of 3cm size (20,000 larvae per mu) were released, soaked for 8 minutes (4% saline solution), and sprinkled with vitamin C 0.5kg / mu; the daily feed amount was 4% of the stock, fed twice a day, at 6:00-7:00 am and 5:00-7:00 pm, with the evening feeding accounting for 60%; the protein content of the feed was adjusted according to the growth stage, with a special feed of 42% protein content during the larval stage, and a 41% protein feed during the adult stage; one month after the release of prawn larvae, filter-feeding fish were introduced; the filter-feeding fish were silver carp and bighead carp, with 50 and 10 fish per mu respectively; The second batch (December 10, 2025): 24,000 giant freshwater prawn larvae with a size of 2-4cm were released (10,000 larvae per mu). After the second batch of prawn larvae were released, the prawns entered the winter greenhouse culture stage, and the temperature of the winter greenhouse was maintained at 19-21℃. (5) Winter greenhouse environment and daily management: During the high-temperature season (July-September), run the aerator for 3 hours daily from 13:00 to 16:00, and change the water every 7 days (20% of the water should be replaced with treated fresh water from the Xijiang River). Gradually adjust the water depth as the aquaculture progresses, starting with 0.55 meters for the first two months and increasing to 1.2 meters in the later stages. Monitor the temperature daily during the winter shed period. Apply 5 kg / mu of EM bacteria every 10 days and sprinkle 5 kg / mu of quicklime every 18 days. (6) Tailwater self-purification and recycling and fishing: The aquaculture wastewater overflows into the wastewater purification area, stays for 48 hours, and is then purified by absorption by madder and filtration by microbial membrane before flowing back into the aquaculture area for recycling. The first batch is harvested in late November (size 27g / tail), and the second batch is harvested in late April of the following year (size 21g / tail). Harvesting is carried out once every 16 days, with large fish being caught and small fish left to be harvested in multiple batches to avoid peak market demand.

[0037] Example 2 A method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in winter greenhouses based on the Xijiang River includes the following steps: (1) Pond renovation and basic preparation: Select aquaculture ponds adjacent to the Xijiang River that can be supplied with fresh water from the river. Divide the ponds into a 3.5-mu (70% of the total area) aquaculture area, which is 1.8m deep, 10cm thick, rectangular in shape, with a flat bottom and a length of 1.5 mu (30% of the total area) and a 1.5-mu (3.5-acre) tailwater purification area. The aquaculture area is used for raising giant freshwater prawns, and the tailwater purification area is used to treat the aquaculture tailwater. Madder is planted on the bottom of the pond, with 3 Madder planting strips planned. The pond walls are covered with an escape-proof membrane that is buried 15cm underground. A winter shed is also built, which can maintain a day-night temperature difference of ≤3℃ and an internal temperature of 18-22℃. (2) Regulation of flowing water in the Xijiang River and pretreatment of ponds: On April 17, 2025, fresh water from the Xijiang River was introduced to a water level of 65cm in the aquaculture area. The fresh water from the Xijiang River (which was first filtered through a 60-mesh filter to remove impurities and harmful organisms before aquaculture) was introduced, and the water quality indicators were controlled as follows: pH = 8.1, dissolved oxygen = 5.4mg / L, ammonia nitrogen = 0.2mg / L, and nitrite = 0.08mg / L. 55kg of quicklime was applied per mu for disinfection. On April 24, 25kg / mu of rapeseed cake was sprinkled. Bio-fertilizer was applied twice on May 9 and 16 (12.5kg / mu each time). (3) Targeted planting and management of madder: On May 6, 2025, madder was planted in the aquaculture area within 3 meters of the pond bottom, at a planting density of 11 plants / m². 2 The shrimp were planted in a strip pattern with a strip spacing of 90cm. On May 20th (when the shrimp larvae reached 5cm in length), the density was adjusted to 18 plants / m². 2 During the cultivation of giant freshwater prawns, madder is pruned regularly at the following frequency: once every 20 days during the seedling stage and once every 10 days during the adult stage. The length of the tender shoots left after pruning is 6cm. The pruned tender shoots are left in the cultivation area for the giant freshwater prawns to feed on directly. (4) Shrimp larvae release: First batch (May 26, 2025): 105,000 giant freshwater prawn larvae (3cm in size, 2-4cm in size) were stocked (30,000 larvae per mu). They were immersed in a 4% saline solution for 8 minutes and sprinkled with 0.5kg / mu of vitamin C. The daily feed amount was 4% of the stocked amount, fed twice a day, at 6:00-7:00 am and 5:00-7:00 pm, with the evening feeding accounting for 60%. The protein content of the feed was adjusted according to the growth stage. During the larval stage, a special feed with 42% protein content was fed, and during the adult stage, the feed was switched to 41% protein content. One month after stocking the larvae, filter-feeding fish were introduced. The filter-feeding fish were silver carp and bighead carp, with 50 and 10 fish per mu, respectively. The second batch (December 13, 2025): 35,000 giant freshwater prawn larvae with a size of 2-4cm were released (10,000 larvae per mu). After the second batch of prawn larvae were released, the prawns entered the winter greenhouse farming stage, and the temperature of the winter greenhouse was maintained at 19-21℃. (5) Winter greenhouse environment and daily management: During the high-temperature season (July-September), run the aerator for 3 hours daily from 13:00 to 16:00, and change the water every 7 days (20% of the water should be replaced with treated fresh water from the Xijiang River). Gradually adjust the water depth as the aquaculture progresses, with a depth of 0.65 meters for the first two months and 1.6 meters for the later stages of aquaculture. Monitor the temperature daily during the winter shed period. Apply 5 kg / mu of EM bacteria every 10 days and sprinkle 5 kg / mu of quicklime every 18 days. (6) Tailwater self-purification and recycling and fishing: The aquaculture wastewater overflows into the wastewater purification area and is returned after 48 hours. The first batch is harvested in late November (size 28g / fish), and the second batch is harvested in late April of the following year (size 20g / fish). Harvesting is carried out once every 16 days, with large fish being caught and small fish left to be harvested in multiple batches to avoid peak market conditions.

[0038] Comparative Example 1 Based on Example 1, the step of planting madder is omitted, and the specific procedure is as follows: (1) Pond renovation and basic preparation: Select aquaculture ponds adjacent to the Xijiang River that can be supplied with fresh water from the river. Divide the ponds into a 3.5-mu (70% of the total area) aquaculture area, which is 1.8m deep, 10cm thick, rectangular in shape, with a flat bottom and a length of 1.5 mu (30% of the total area) and a 1.5-mu (3.5-acre) tailwater purification area. The aquaculture area is used for raising giant freshwater prawns, and the tailwater purification area is used to treat the aquaculture tailwater. The pond walls are covered with an escape-proof membrane that is buried 15cm underground. Winter sheds are also built to maintain a day-night temperature difference of ≤3℃ and an internal temperature of 18-22℃. (2) Regulation of flowing water in the Xijiang River and pretreatment of ponds: On April 20, 2025, fresh water from the Xijiang River was introduced to a water level of 60cm in the aquaculture area. The fresh water (which was first filtered through a 60-mesh filter to remove impurities and harmful organisms before aquaculture) was introduced, and the water quality indicators were controlled as follows: pH = 7.6, dissolved oxygen = 5.1mg / L, ammonia nitrogen = 0.2mg / L, and nitrite = 0.05mg / L. 60kg of quicklime was applied per mu for disinfection. On April 22, 25kg / mu of rapeseed cake was sprinkled. On April 26 and 30, bio-fertilizer was applied twice (12.5kg / mu each time). (3) Shrimp larvae release: First batch (May 10, 2025): 70,000 giant freshwater prawn larvae (2-4cm in size) of 3cm size (20,000 larvae per mu) were released, bathed for 8 minutes (4% saline solution), and vitamin C 0.5kg / mu was sprinkled; the daily feed amount was 4% of the stock, fed twice a day, at 6:00-7:00 am and 5:00-7:00 pm, with the evening feeding accounting for 60%; the protein content of the feed was adjusted according to the growth stage, with a special feed of 42% protein content during the larval stage, and a 41% protein feed during the adult stage; one month after the larvae were released, filter-feeding fish were introduced; the filter-feeding fish were silver carp and bighead carp, with 50 and 10 fish per mu respectively; The second batch (December 10, 2025): 35,000 giant freshwater prawn larvae with a size of 2-4cm were released (10,000 prawns per mu). After the release, the prawns will enter the winter greenhouse breeding stage, and the temperature in the winter greenhouse will be maintained at 19-21℃. (4) Winter greenhouse environment and daily management: During the high-temperature season (July-September), the aerator should be turned on for 3 hours daily from 13:00 to 16:00, and the water should be changed once every 7 days (20% of the water should be changed, and the water source should be treated Xijiang River water); during the winter greenhouse period, the temperature should be monitored daily; 5 kg / mu of EM bacteria should be applied every 10 days, and 5 kg / mu of quicklime should be sprinkled every 18 days. (5) Tailwater self-purification and recycling and fishing: The aquaculture wastewater overflows into the wastewater purification area and is returned after 48 hours. The first batch is harvested in late November (size 28g / fish), and the second batch is harvested in late April of the following year (size 20g / fish). Harvesting is carried out once every 16 days, with large fish being caught and small fish left to be harvested in multiple batches to avoid peak market conditions.

[0039] Effect Comparison The results of the aquaculture comparison of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1, where the feed coefficient is defined as feed consumption / net weight gain of shrimp.

[0040] Table 1. Comparison results of aquaculture in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 The comparison results of pond water quality during the peak aquaculture period for Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2 Comparison of pond water quality during peak aquaculture periods in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 Based on the above aquaculture results, it can be seen that the ecological aquaculture model of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii*-winter greenhouse co-culture in the Xijiang River constructed in this embodiment of the invention is significantly superior to the traditional winter greenhouse aquaculture model without *Madderum rosenbergii* cultivation in terms of survival rate, feed utilization, yield, product quality, aquaculture cost, and water quality control. In terms of production performance, the survival rates of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in Examples 1 and 2 reached 47% and 52%, respectively, an increase of 12-17 percentage points compared to 35% in Comparative Example 1. The feed conversion ratio decreased to 1.7-1.8, a decrease of 10-15% compared to 2.0 in Comparative Example 1. The yields per mu (a Chinese unit of area, approximately 0.067 hectares) reached 382 kg and 398 kg, respectively, an increase of 38.9%-44.7% compared to 275 kg in Comparative Example 1. Aquaculture stability and production efficiency were significantly improved. Regarding product quality, the total amino acid and flavor amino acid content of the shrimp meat in Examples 1 were higher than those in Comparative Example 1. Specifically, the total amino acid content of Example 1 reached 19.98%, significantly improving the flavor and nutritional value of the shrimp meat. In terms of economic benefits, the animal health input for the example was only 300-320 yuan / mu / stalk, a reduction of 36%-40% compared to 500 yuan / mu / stalk for Comparative Example 1. The comprehensive benefit per mu reached 7,000-8,000 yuan, an increase of 2,000-3,000 yuan compared to Comparative Example 1, demonstrating a significant economic advantage. Regarding water quality control, the pH of the aquaculture water in the example was kept stable within a suitable range, dissolved oxygen was maintained above 5 mg / L, and key indicators such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and permanganate index were significantly better than those in Comparative Example 1. In particular, the total nitrogen content was reduced by 12%-22% compared to 5.02 mg / L in Comparative Example 1, falling below 5.0 mg / L, meeting the secondary discharge limit in the "Guangdong Provincial Aquaculture Wastewater Discharge Standard (DB44 / 2462-2024)". The discharged water quality was more stable, with lower pollutant content, effectively reducing the risk of disease occurrence and reducing the ecological pressure of aquaculture wastewater on the Xijiang River. Overall, the coordinated regulation of madder root, winter shed, and Xijiang River water can achieve a balance of ecological, economic, and production benefits, and has good potential for widespread application.

[0042] The technical solution of this invention relies on the spatiotemporal coordinated regulation of three core modules: the flowing water of the Xijiang River, the water purification and feeding of madder, and the winter shed insulation and peak staggering. It forms a closed-loop ecosystem from four dimensions: water quality balance, disease prevention and control, flavor shaping, and market cycle optimization of the aquaculture system. Ultimately, it achieves multiple goals such as reducing aquaculture risks, improving product quality and economic benefits, and protecting the ecology of the Xijiang River.

[0043] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in a winter greenhouse in the Xijiang River basin, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: (1) Select a breeding pond adjacent to the Xijiang River that can be introduced with fresh water from the Xijiang River, and divide it into a breeding area and a tailwater purification area; the breeding area is used for the breeding of giant freshwater prawns, the bottom of the pond is planted with madder, the pond wall is equipped with escape prevention facilities, and a winter shed is built; the tailwater purification area is used to treat the breeding tailwater, and a madder purification belt is installed inside. (2) Before breeding, fresh water from the Xijiang River is introduced into the breeding area, and the water is disinfected and fertilized to cultivate biological feed; (3) Plant madder in the breeding area to form a strip layout; during the breeding of giant freshwater prawns, prune the madder regularly, and leave the pruned shoots in the breeding area for the giant freshwater prawns to eat directly; (4) Giant freshwater prawn larvae were released in two batches in late May and early December respectively; the second batch of prawn larvae was released and then the prawns entered the winter greenhouse culture stage. (5) During the winter shed culture period, the water level of the culture area shall be dynamically adjusted according to the growth stage of the giant freshwater prawn and the growth of madder; the water shall be changed regularly, and the water source shall be treated fresh water from the Xijiang River; (6) The aquaculture wastewater overflows into the wastewater purification area. After being absorbed by madder and filtered by microbial membrane, the qualified water is returned to the aquaculture area for recycling. When the giant freshwater prawns reach the marketable size, multiple batches of prawns are harvested in a staggered manner to avoid peak market conditions.

2. The method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in a winter greenhouse in the Xijiang River basin according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the area ratio of the aquaculture area to the wastewater purification area is 70-80%:20-30%; the depth of the aquaculture area is 1.5-1.8m, and the thickness of the bottom mud is ≤10cm.

3. The method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* and *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in the Xijiang River basin according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step (2), after the Xijiang River is introduced, the water quality indicators are controlled as follows: pH value 7.2-8.5, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L, ammonia nitrogen ≤0.5mg / L, and nitrite ≤0.1mg / L; the disinfection treatment is to apply 50-75kg of quicklime per mu; the fertilizer and water treatment is to first sprinkle rapeseed cake, and then apply biological fertilizer in several batches.

4. The method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* and *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in the Xijiang River basin according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step (3), the planting density of the madder is 11-18 plants / m². 2 The strip layout has a strip spacing of 90cm. The pruning frequency is once every 20 days during the seedling stage and once every 10 days during the adult shrimp stage. The length of the tender shoots left after pruning is 5-8cm.

5. The method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* and *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in the Xijiang River basin according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step (4), the stocking density of the two batches of shrimp fry is different. The first batch is stocked with 20,000 to 30,000 shrimp per mu, and the second batch is stocked with 10,000 shrimp per mu. One month after the shrimp fry are stocked, filter-feeding fish are raised in the same tank.

6. The method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* and *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in the Xijiang River basin according to claim 5, characterized in that... The filter-feeding fish are bighead carp and silver carp, with 50 and 10 fish per acre respectively.

7. The method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* and *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in the Xijiang River basin according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step (5), the dynamic adjustment of pond water depth is as follows: the water depth is controlled at 0.5-0.7 meters for the first two months of aquaculture, and gradually increased to 0.8-1.5 meters in the middle and late stages of aquaculture; the water is changed once every 7 days, and the amount of water changed is 15-30% of the total water volume.

8. The method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* and *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in the Xijiang River basin according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step (5), the aquaculture management also includes: alternating the use of EM bacteria and lactic acid bacteria to regulate water quality every 10 days, and sprinkling quicklime every 15-20 days to improve the bottom sediment.

9. The method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in a winter greenhouse in the Xijiang River basin according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (6), the purification residence time of the tailwater purification zone is ≥48 hours.

10. The method for ecological aquaculture of *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* and *Macrobrachium rosenbergii* in the Xijiang River basin according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step (6), the "catching the big and leaving the small" method involves catching fish once every 15-17 days until the pond is cleared.

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