Batch towel steam sterilization processing device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of textile steam sterilization technology and discloses a batch towel steam sterilization device, including an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate, which are fixedly connected by a connecting frame. A traction device is rotatably installed between the upper and lower fixed plates. The traction device includes an inner support ring and an outer support ring, which are fixedly connected by partitions. Multiple partitions are evenly arranged. By setting an intermittently rotatable traction device and dividing the lower fixed plate into inlet / outlet areas, a sterilization area, and a drying area, this invention achieves automated flow of towels between various processing steps, significantly improving processing efficiency. Multiple lifting components are evenly arranged inside the traction device, each with a corresponding hook. These components can automatically rise and fall under the linkage control of a trigger block and a motion component, facilitating the hanging and storage of towels, reducing manual intervention, and lowering labor intensity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of textile steam sterilization technology, and more specifically to a batch towel steam sterilization device. Background Technology

[0002] Towels, widely used cleaning products in daily life and public places, easily absorb sweat, sebum, and various microorganisms from the environment after use, becoming an important medium for bacterial growth and cross-infection. To ensure the hygiene and safety of towels, they need to be disinfected regularly.

[0003] Traditional towel disinfection methods mainly involve high-temperature steaming or soaking in chemical disinfectants. However, these methods have many shortcomings in practical applications. High-temperature steaming is cumbersome, requiring frequent manual handling of towels and making continuous operation difficult. Soaking in chemical disinfectants may leave harmful residues and requires subsequent rinsing, resulting in a long processing cycle. While some existing disinfection equipment attempts to use steam disinfection, most have simple structures and limited functions, lacking the ability to automate towel transfer, zoned processing, and batch processing, making it difficult to form an integrated process from feeding, disinfection, to drying. Furthermore, the towel handling in existing equipment is not only labor-intensive but also prone to secondary contamination during transfer, affecting the disinfection effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a batch towel steam sterilization device to solve the problems existing in the background art.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a batch towel steam disinfection device, comprising an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate, wherein the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate are fixedly connected by a connecting frame, and a traction device is rotatably installed between the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate.

[0006] The traction device includes an inner support ring and an outer support ring, which are fixedly connected by partitions. Multiple partitions are evenly arranged, and a lifting component is arranged in the area between two adjacent partitions. A motion component is arranged on the outside of the outer support ring, and multiple motion components are arranged corresponding to the lifting components.

[0007] Preferably, the lower fixing plate has a circular plate structure, and the top of the lower fixing plate is provided with a material inlet / outlet area, a disinfection area and a drying area. Drainage holes are densely opened on the lower fixing plate, and a receiving ring is fixedly installed on the outer side of the lower fixing plate.

[0008] Preferably, a trigger block is fixedly connected to the top of the receiving ring, and the trigger block is provided with a trigger ramp and a reset ramp, with a locking area providing a smooth transition between the trigger ramp and the reset ramp.

[0009] Preferably, the upper fixing plate has a circular plate structure, and the upper fixing plate has an inlet and outlet corresponding to the inlet and outlet areas. A steam generator and a fan are fixedly installed on the top of the upper fixing plate, with the steam generator corresponding to the disinfection area and the fan corresponding to the drying area.

[0010] Preferably, the inner support ring is coaxially fixedly connected to a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor.

[0011] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a movable plate, a rotating shaft, a first connecting rod, and a second connecting rod. A mounting plate is fixedly connected to one side of the movable plate, and a slider is fixedly connected to the other side of the movable plate. A hook is fixedly connected to the mounting plate. A groove is formed on the inner wall of the outer support ring along the vertical direction, and the slider is slidably installed in the groove.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the outer support ring, one end of the connecting rod is fixedly mounted on the surface of the rotating shaft, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the movable plate.

[0013] Preferably, the motion component includes a stabilizing plate and a guide frame. The stabilizing plate is fixedly installed on the outside of the outer support ring, and a guide rod is fixedly connected to the top of the stabilizing plate. The guide frame is sleeved on the surface of the guide rod.

[0014] Preferably, a compression spring is sleeved on the surface of the guide rod, one end of the compression spring is connected to the top of the stabilizing plate, the other end of the compression spring is connected to the bottom of the guide frame, and a roller is rotatably mounted on the guide frame.

[0015] Preferably, a rotating rod and a crank are provided between the guide frame and the rotating shaft. One end of the rotating shaft passes through the inner wall of the outer support ring and extends outward. One end of the rotating rod is hinged to the guide frame, and the other end of the rotating rod is hinged to one end of the crank. The other end of the crank is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention achieves automated towel transfer between processing steps by setting up an intermittently rotating traction device and dividing the lower fixed plate into inlet / outlet, disinfection, and drying zones, significantly improving processing efficiency. Multiple lifting components are evenly arranged inside the traction device, each equipped with a hook. These components automatically rise and fall under the linkage control of a trigger block and a moving component, facilitating towel hanging and storage, reducing manual intervention and labor intensity. Specifically, when the traction device rotates to the inlet / outlet zone, the rollers move upwards along the trigger ramp, driving the lifting components to extend upwards, exposing the hooks from the inlet / outlet for quick towel hanging. When the traction device continues to rotate away from the inlet / outlet zone, the lifting components automatically reset under the action of a compression spring, storing the towels between the partitions, preventing cross-contamination during transfer. As the towels pass through the disinfection and drying zones sequentially with the traction device, high-temperature steam generated by a steam generator thoroughly disinfects the towels, while air blown by a fan quickly dries them. The entire process is continuous and efficient, and condensate can be promptly discharged through drainage holes on the lower fixed plate, ensuring the equipment's interior remains dry and hygienic. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lower fixing plate structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the traction device structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the traction device structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting component structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the image.

[0025] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the image.

[0026] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Upper fixed plate; 11. Inlet / outlet; 12. Steam generator; 13. Fan; 2. Lower fixed plate; 2a. Inlet / outlet area; 2b. Disinfection area; 2c. Drying area; 21. Receiving ring; 22. Trigger block; 221. Trigger ramp; 222. Locking area; 223. Reset ramp; 3. Traction device; 31. Inner support ring; 311. Rotating shaft; 32. Outer support ring; 321. 33. Slide rail; 34. Partition plate; 35. Lifting assembly; 36. Movable plate; 37. Mounting plate; 38. Hook; 39. Slider; 30. Rotating shaft; 31. Link 1; 32. Link 2; 33. Motion assembly; 34. Stabilizing plate; 35. Guide rod; 36. Guide frame; 37. Compression spring; 38. Roller; 39. Rotating rod; 30. Crank; 40. Connecting frame. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Reference Figures 1 to 2 The present invention provides a batch towel steam disinfection device, including an upper fixed plate 1 and a lower fixed plate 2, which are fixedly connected by a connecting frame 4, and a traction device 3 is rotatably installed between the upper fixed plate 1 and the lower fixed plate 2.

[0029] Reference Figures 1 to 3 and Figure 8 The lower fixed plate 2 has a circular plate structure. The top of the lower fixed plate 2 is provided with a material inlet / outlet area 2a, a disinfection area 2b and a drying area 2c. Drainage holes are densely opened on the lower fixed plate 2. A receiving ring 21 is fixedly installed on the outside of the lower fixed plate 2. A trigger block 22 is fixedly connected to the top of the receiving ring 21. The trigger block 22 is provided with a triggering inclined surface 221 and a reset inclined surface 223. The triggering inclined surface 221 and the reset inclined surface 223 are smoothly transitioned through a locking area 222.

[0030] The upper fixed plate 1 has a circular plate structure. The upper fixed plate 1 has an inlet and outlet 11, which corresponds to the inlet and outlet area 2a. A steam generator 12 and a fan 13 are fixedly installed on the top of the upper fixed plate 1. The steam generator 12 corresponds to the disinfection area 2b, and the fan 13 corresponds to the drying area 2c.

[0031] In use, the servo motor drives the traction device 3 to rotate intermittently. The staff hangs the towels from the inlet / outlet 11. Then, the towels pass through the disinfection zone 2b and the drying zone 2c in sequence. When the towels pass through the disinfection zone 2b, the steam generated by the steam generator 12 disinfects the towels at high temperature. After the high temperature disinfection is completed, when the towels pass through the drying zone 2c, the air blown by the fan 13 dries the towels. The condensate generated during the whole process is discharged to the outside through the drain hole. After that, the towels return to the inlet / outlet 2a. The staff can take down the disinfected and dried towels and hang the untreated towels. The above steps are repeated, and so on.

[0032] In summary, through the intermittent rotation of the traction device 3 and the linkage with the trigger block 22, the towels are automatically transferred between the inlet / outlet area 2a, the disinfection area 2b, and the drying area 2c. Throughout the process, the movement of the lifting component 34 requires no additional power source or electrical control system intervention, reducing equipment manufacturing costs and improving operational stability and reliability. The inlet / outlet 11 allows operators to perform towel retrieval and hanging operations from a fixed position, greatly optimizing the human-machine interface and making it suitable for scenarios requiring large-scale towel disinfection, such as medical institutions. Simultaneously, because the towels are stored between adjacent partitions 33 during disinfection and drying, they are effectively prevented from stacking or obstructing each other, ensuring uniform contact between steam and hot air, thereby improving the disinfection and drying effects.

[0033] Reference Figures 1 to 8 The traction device 3 includes an inner support ring 31 and an outer support ring 32. The inner support ring 31 and the outer support ring 32 are fixedly connected by a partition 33. Multiple partitions 33 are evenly arranged. A lifting component 34 is arranged in the area between two adjacent partitions 33. A motion component 35 is arranged on the outside of the outer support ring 32. Multiple motion components 35 are arranged corresponding to the lifting components 34. A rotating shaft 311 is coaxially fixedly connected to the inner support ring 31. The rotating shaft 311 is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor.

[0034] The lifting assembly 34 includes a movable plate 341, a rotating shaft 345, a first connecting rod 346, and a second connecting rod 347. A mounting plate 342 is fixedly connected to one side of the movable plate 341, and a slider 344 is fixedly connected to the other side of the movable plate 341. A hook 343 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 342. A groove 321 is opened in the vertical direction on the inner wall of the outer support ring 32. The slider 344 is slidably installed in the groove 321. The rotating shaft 345 is rotatably installed on the outer support ring 32. One end of the first connecting rod 346 is fixedly installed on the surface of the rotating shaft 345. The other end of the first connecting rod 346 is hinged to one end of the second connecting rod 347. The other end of the second connecting rod 347 is hinged to the movable plate 341.

[0035] The motion assembly 35 includes a stabilizing plate 351 and a guide frame 353. The stabilizing plate 351 is fixedly installed on the outside of the outer support ring 32. A guide rod 352 is fixedly connected to the top of the stabilizing plate 351. The guide frame 353 is sleeved on the surface of the guide rod 352. A compression spring 354 is sleeved on the surface of the guide rod 352. One end of the compression spring 354 is connected to the top of the stabilizing plate 351, and the other end of the compression spring 354 is connected to the bottom of the guide frame 353. A roller 355 is rotatably installed on the guide frame 353. A rotating rod 356 and a crank 357 are provided between the guide frame 353 and the rotating shaft 345. One end of the rotating shaft 345 passes through the inner wall of the outer support ring 32 and extends outward. One end of the rotating rod 356 is hinged to the guide frame 353, and the other end of the rotating rod 356 is hinged to one end of the crank 357. The other end of the crank 357 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft 345.

[0036] In use, the servo motor drives the rotating shaft 311 to rotate intermittently around its own axis. The rotation of the rotating shaft 311 drives the entire traction device 3 to rotate intermittently around the axis of the rotating shaft 311. During this process, the roller 355 of the motion component 35 rolls synchronously along the top of the receiving ring 21, accompanying the intermittent rotation of the entire traction device 3. When the roller 355 gradually contacts the triggering inclined surface 221 of the trigger block 22 and rolls upward along the triggering inclined surface 221, the guide frame 353 slides upward along the guide rod 352, and the compression spring 354... The guide frame 353 is stretched and its elasticity increases under the pull. The guide frame 353 moves and drives the crank 357 to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 345 through the rotating rod 356. The rotating shaft 345 rotates synchronously around its own axis. The rotation of the rotating shaft 345 drives the first connecting rod 346 to rotate synchronously around the axis of the rotating shaft 345. The rotation of the first connecting rod 346 drives the movable plate 341 and the slider 344 to slide synchronously upward along the slide groove 321 through the second connecting rod 347. The mounting plate 342 also moves synchronously upward with the movable plate 341. When roller 355 leaves the trigger ramp 221 and arrives at the locking zone 222, the servo motor is in an intermittent state. At this time, the traction device 3 remains stationary, the mounting plate 342 is located in the inlet / outlet zone 2a and extends upward from the inlet / outlet 11. The worker hangs a towel on the hook 343 of the mounting plate 342. Then, the servo motor continues to drive the traction device 3 to rotate. Roller 355 gradually leaves the locking zone 222 and rolls downward along the reset ramp 223. During this process, the elastic force of the compression spring 354 is gradually released, and the elastic force of the compression spring 354 drives the guide... The frame 353 slides downward along the guide rod 352. The movement of the guide frame 353 drives the crank 357 to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 345 through the rotating rod 356. The rotating shaft 345 rotates synchronously around its own axis. The rotation of the rotating shaft 345 drives the first connecting rod 346 to rotate synchronously around the axis of the rotating shaft 345. The rotation of the first connecting rod 346 drives the movable plate 341 and the slider 344 to slide synchronously downward along the slide groove 321 through the second connecting rod 347. The mounting plate 342 also moves downward synchronously with the movable plate 341. The mounting plate 342 retracts back into the area between the two adjacent partitions 33. Afterwards, the servo motor continues to drive the traction device 3 to rotate as a whole. The roller 355 rolls synchronously along the top of the receiving ring 21. The towels suspended on the hook 343 pass through the disinfection zone 2b and the drying zone 2c in sequence. Then, the towels return to the inlet / outlet zone 2a. During this process, the roller 355 gradually contacts the triggering slope 221 of the triggering block 22 and rolls upward along the triggering slope 221. When the roller 355 leaves the triggering slope 221 and comes to the locking zone 222, the towels extend upward from the inlet / outlet 11. The staff can then remove the disinfected and dried towels from the hook 343. After that, the staff hangs the untreated towels on the hook 343.

[0037] In summary, the linkage structure of the lifting component 34 and the motion component 35 is ingeniously designed and precisely transmitted. When the roller 355 rises along the triggering inclined plane 221, the rotating shaft 345 drives the connecting rod 346 and connecting rod 347 to move through the transmission of the rotating rod 356 and crank 357, thereby driving the movable plate 341 and hook 343 to rise smoothly, completing the automatic extension of the towel. When the roller 355 descends along the reset inclined plane 223, the spring force of the compression spring 354 is released, driving the guide frame 353 to reset, thus causing the hook 343 to retract automatically. The entire process requires no manual intervention, the mechanical linkage response is rapid, and the action is reliable. The hook 343 automatically rises and falls at the inlet / outlet 11, allowing operators to complete the towel retrieval and hanging operation at a fixed position, effectively avoiding secondary contamination or hook jamming caused by improper manual operation. In addition, the cooperative design of the slider 344 and the slide 321 ensures the linearity and stability of the lifting process, improving the overall safety and reliability of operation.

[0038] The working principle of this invention: The servo motor drives the rotating shaft 311 to rotate intermittently around its own axis. The rotation of the rotating shaft 311 drives the entire traction device 3 to rotate intermittently around the axis of the rotating shaft 311. During this process, the roller 355 of the motion component 35 rolls synchronously along the top of the receiving ring 21, accompanying the intermittent rotation of the entire traction device 3. When the roller 355 gradually contacts the triggering inclined surface 221 of the trigger block 22 and rolls upward along the triggering inclined surface 221, the guide frame 353 slides upward along the guide rod 352, compressing the spring 3. 54 is stretched and its elasticity increases under the pull of the guide frame 353. The guide frame 353 moves and drives the crank 357 to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 345 through the rotating rod 356. The rotating shaft 345 rotates synchronously around its own axis. The rotating shaft 345 rotates and drives the first connecting rod 346 to rotate synchronously around the axis of the rotating shaft 345. The first connecting rod 346 rotates and drives the movable plate 341 and the slider 344 to slide synchronously upward along the slide groove 321 through the second connecting rod 347. The mounting plate 342 also moves synchronously upward with the movable plate 341.

[0039] When roller 355 leaves the trigger ramp 221 and arrives at the locking zone 222, the servo motor is in an intermittent state. At this time, the traction device 3 remains stationary, the mounting plate 342 is located in the inlet / outlet zone 2a and extends upward from the inlet / outlet 11. The worker hangs a towel on the hook 343 of the mounting plate 342. Then, the servo motor continues to drive the traction device 3 to rotate. Roller 355 gradually leaves the locking zone 222 and rolls downward along the reset ramp 223. During this process, the elastic force of the compression spring 354 is gradually released, and the elastic force of the compression spring 354 drives the guide... The frame 353 slides downward along the guide rod 352. The movement of the guide frame 353 drives the crank 357 to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 345 through the rotating rod 356. The rotating shaft 345 rotates synchronously around its own axis. The rotation of the rotating shaft 345 drives the first connecting rod 346 to rotate synchronously around the axis of the rotating shaft 345. The rotation of the first connecting rod 346 drives the movable plate 341 and the slider 344 to slide synchronously downward along the slide groove 321 through the second connecting rod 347. The mounting plate 342 also moves downward synchronously with the movable plate 341. The mounting plate 342 retracts back into the area between the two adjacent partitions 33.

[0040] Afterwards, the servo motor continues to drive the traction device 3 to rotate as a whole. The roller 355 rolls synchronously along the top of the receiving ring 21. The towels suspended on the hook 343 pass through the disinfection zone 2b and the drying zone 2c in sequence. When the towels pass through the disinfection zone 2b, the steam generated by the steam generator 12 disinfects the towels at high temperature. After the high temperature disinfection is completed, when the towels pass through the drying zone 2c, the air blown by the fan 13 dries the towels. The condensate generated during the whole process is output to the outside through the drain hole. Afterwards, the towels return to the inlet / outlet zone 2a. During this process, the roller 355 gradually contacts the triggering inclined surface 221 of the trigger block 22 and rolls upwards along the triggering inclined surface 221. When the roller 355 leaves the triggering inclined surface 221 and comes to the locking zone 222, the towels extend upwards from the inlet / outlet 11. The staff can then remove the disinfected and dried towels from the hook 343. Afterwards, the staff hangs the untreated towels on the hook 343 and repeats the above steps. This cycle continues.

[0041] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A batch towel steam sterilization device, comprising an upper fixing plate (1) and a lower fixing plate (2), characterized in that, The upper fixing plate (1) and the lower fixing plate (2) are fixedly connected by a connecting frame (4), and a traction device (3) is rotatably installed between the upper fixing plate (1) and the lower fixing plate (2). The traction device (3) includes an inner support ring (31) and an outer support ring (32). The inner support ring (31) and the outer support ring (32) are fixedly connected by a partition (33). Multiple partitions (33) are evenly arranged. A lifting component (34) is arranged in the area between two adjacent partitions (33). A motion component (35) is arranged on the outside of the outer support ring (32). Multiple motion components (35) are arranged corresponding to the lifting components (34).

2. The batch towel steam sterilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower fixing plate (2) has a circular plate structure. The top of the lower fixing plate (2) is provided with a material inlet / outlet area (2a), a disinfection area (2b) and a drying area (2c). Drainage holes are densely opened on the lower fixing plate (2). A receiving ring (21) is fixedly installed on the outside of the lower fixing plate (2).

3. The batch towel steam sterilization device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the receiving ring (21) is fixedly connected to a trigger block (22), and the trigger block (22) is provided with a trigger slope (221) and a reset slope (223). The trigger slope (221) and the reset slope (223) are smoothly transitioned through a locking area (222).

4. The batch towel steam sterilization device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper fixed plate (1) has a circular plate structure. The upper fixed plate (1) has an inlet and outlet (11) which corresponds to the inlet and outlet area (2a). A steam generator (12) and a fan (13) are fixedly installed on the top of the upper fixed plate (1). The steam generator (12) corresponds to the disinfection area (2b), and the fan (13) corresponds to the drying area (2c).

5. A batch towel steam sterilization device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner support ring (31) is coaxially fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (311), and the rotating shaft (311) is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor.

6. The batch towel steam sterilization device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lifting assembly (34) includes a movable plate (341), a rotating shaft (345), a connecting rod one (346) and a connecting rod two (347). A mounting plate (342) is fixedly connected to one side of the movable plate (341), and a slider (344) is fixedly connected to the other side of the movable plate (341). A hook (343) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (342). A groove (321) is opened on the inner wall of the outer support ring (32) in the vertical direction, and the slider (344) is slidably installed in the groove (321).

7. A batch towel steam sterilization device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rotating shaft (345) is rotatably mounted on the outer support ring (32). One end of the connecting rod (346) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the rotating shaft (345). The other end of the connecting rod (346) is hinged to one end of the connecting rod (347), and the other end of the connecting rod (347) is hinged to the movable plate (341).

8. A batch towel steam sterilization device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The motion component (35) includes a stabilizing plate (351) and a guide frame (353). The stabilizing plate (351) is fixedly installed on the outside of the outer support ring (32). A guide rod (352) is fixedly connected to the top of the stabilizing plate (351), and the guide frame (353) is sleeved on the surface of the guide rod (352).

9. A batch towel steam sterilization device according to claim 8, characterized in that, A compression spring (354) is sleeved on the surface of the guide rod (352). One end of the compression spring (354) is connected to the top of the stabilizing plate (351), and the other end of the compression spring (354) is connected to the bottom of the guide frame (353). A roller (355) is rotatably mounted on the guide frame (353).

10. A batch towel steam sterilization device according to claim 9, characterized in that, A rotating rod (356) and a crank (357) are provided between the guide frame (353) and the rotating shaft (345). One end of the rotating shaft (345) passes through the inner wall of the outer support ring (32) and extends outward. One end of the rotating rod (356) is hinged to the guide frame (353), and the other end of the rotating rod (356) is hinged to one end of the crank (357). The other end of the crank (357) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating shaft (345).

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