Method of assembling a radial spherical plain bearing and device therefor

Abstract

This application discloses a method and equipment for assembling radial spherical plain bearings, relating to the field of radial spherical plain bearing manufacturing and assembly technology. It includes a worktable, with an inner ring vibratory feeder and an outer ring vibratory feeder arranged on one side of the worktable. A mechanical claw is provided between the inner and outer ring vibratory feeders. An inner ring material groove is fixedly connected to one side of the inner ring vibratory feeder, and an outer ring material groove is fixedly connected to one side of the outer ring vibratory feeder. A stamping device for press-fitting the inner and outer rings of the bearing to form a radial spherical plain bearing is installed on the worktable. A receiving box for collecting the radial spherical plain bearings is provided below the worktable, and a discharge chute connected to the receiving box is provided on the worktable. This application addresses the problems of high labor intensity and low production efficiency that still require workers to manually place the inner and outer rings of the bearing into the inner ring feeding structure and the outer ring feeding mechanism during the existing radial spherical plain bearing assembly process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of radial spherical plain bearing manufacturing and assembly technology, and in particular to a radial spherical plain bearing assembly method and equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Radial spherical plain bearings employ an inner and outer ring spherical contact structure and are a type of self-aligning bearing. They can simultaneously withstand large radial loads and bidirectional axial loads. Currently, radial spherical plain bearings are widely used in various rotary transmission equipment such as motors, machine tools, reducers, fans, pumps, automobiles, and precision instruments, and are indispensable key basic components in modern mechanical equipment.

[0003] In the prior art, a radial bearing assembly machine includes: a stamping cylinder mounted above a worktable for stamping and assembling the bearing; an inner ring feeding mechanism on one side of the worktable and an outer ring feeding mechanism on the other side. The inner and outer rings of the bearing are manually placed into the inner ring feeding mechanism and the outer ring feeding mechanism, respectively. The inner and outer ring feeding mechanisms then sequentially transport the inner and outer rings to the worktable, completing the assembly of the radial spherical plain bearing.

[0004] Regarding the existing technology, the inner and outer rings of the bearings on the outer ring feeding structure and the inner ring feeding mechanism still need to be manually inserted, which is labor-intensive and has low feeding efficiency. In addition, there are shortcomings such as human error and inability to achieve continuous automated production, which make it difficult to meet the production requirements of high efficiency, stability and high precision in the assembly of radial spherical plain bearings, and improvements are urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issue that in the existing assembly process of radial spherical plain bearings, workers still need to manually place the inner and outer rings of the bearing into the inner ring feeding structure and the outer ring feeding mechanism, resulting in high labor intensity and low production efficiency, this application provides a radial spherical plain bearing assembly method and equipment.

[0006] The present application provides a radial spherical plain bearing assembly method and equipment, which adopts the following technical solution: It includes a worktable, on one side of which are arranged an inner ring vibratory plate and an outer ring vibratory plate. A mechanical claw for gripping the inner and outer rings of the bearing is provided between the inner and outer ring vibratory plates. An inner ring material groove is fixedly connected to one side of the inner ring vibratory plate, and an outer ring material groove is fixedly connected to one side of the outer ring vibratory plate. The inner and outer ring material grooves are respectively used to transport the inner and outer rings of the bearing to the worktable for assembly. A stamping device for press-fitting the inner and outer rings of the bearing to form a radial spherical plain bearing is installed on the worktable. A receiving box for collecting the radial spherical plain bearing is provided below the worktable, and a discharge chute connected to the receiving box is provided on the worktable.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, during the processing of radial spherical plain bearings, a robotic gripper picks up the corresponding inner or outer ring of the bearing. The robotic gripper places the gripped inner or outer ring onto the inner and outer ring vibratory feeders, respectively. After being vibrated and conveyed by the inner and outer ring vibratory feeders, the workpiece enters the corresponding inner or outer ring material groove and is then transported to the worktable. Finally, the stamping device on the worktable presses the inner and outer rings together, completing the automatic assembly of the radial spherical plain bearing. The integrated design of the robotic gripper, inner ring vibratory feeder, outer ring vibratory feeder, and stamping device completely replaces manual loading operations, effectively reducing the labor intensity of workers, improving the assembly efficiency of radial spherical plain bearings, and reducing the safety hazards caused by manual operation, thus achieving automated, safe, and efficient assembly of radial spherical plain bearings.

[0008] Preferably, the mechanical gripper consists of three jaws, with mechanical baffles rotatably connected to both sides of each jaw. A reset spring for resetting the mechanical baffle is provided between the mechanical baffle and the jaw, and the multiple mechanical baffles cooperate to form a closed-loop structure.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, when the inner or outer ring of a bearing is stuck between two adjacent mechanical baffles, it can be released by rotating the mechanical baffles, avoiding pinching or damage to the inner or outer ring of the bearing, improving the stability and reliability of the mechanical gripper's grasping process, and achieving efficient and sufficient workpiece clamping.

[0010] Preferably, telescopic plates are telescopically connected to both sides of the gripper, the mechanical baffle is rotatably connected to the telescopic plates, the gripper is provided with a telescopic groove, the telescopic plate is provided with a telescopic rod that is inserted into the telescopic groove, a connecting tension spring is installed in the telescopic groove, and multiple connecting magnetic blocks are provided between two adjacent mechanical baffles, and the connecting magnetic blocks on two adjacent mechanical baffles attract each other.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when there are clamping components between the mechanical baffles, the telescopic plate drives the mechanical baffles to extend and retract under the action of the connecting spring, avoiding workpiece deformation caused by compression. The magnetic attraction force of the connecting magnetic blocks between adjacent mechanical baffles is small, much smaller than the clamping force when the mechanical claw closes. When the inner or outer ring of the bearing is stuck between adjacent mechanical baffles, the stuck bearing inner or outer ring can be discharged in advance through the magnetic attraction between the connecting magnetic blocks before the mechanical claw closes and clamps, avoiding damage to the workpiece when the mechanical claw closes, and significantly reducing the risk of damage to the bearing inner and outer rings during the gripping process.

[0012] Preferably, the stamping device includes an outer ring mounting groove formed on the worktable, with the outer ring material groove located above the outer ring mounting groove; an abutment plate is provided on one side of the outer ring mounting groove, and a discharge cavity is formed between the abutment plate and the outer ring mounting groove, the discharge cavity communicating with the discharge groove; a support plate for receiving the bearing outer ring is provided at the bottom of the outer ring material groove, the support plate being inclined towards the abutment plate; an inner ring mounting groove is installed on one side of the outer ring mounting groove, the inner ring mounting groove being located below the inner ring material groove, and evenly spaced stops are provided in the inner ring mounting groove, the stops dividing the inner ring mounting groove into multiple sizes. A uniform inner ring mounting cavity; a baffle is provided between the inner ring mounting groove and the outer ring mounting groove, and a lifting hole is provided on the baffle; a stamping cylinder is installed on the side of the inner ring mounting groove away from the baffle, and a lap plate is installed on the end of the stamping cylinder near the inner ring mounting groove. The lap plate is used to close the inner ring mounting cavity. The lap plate is formed with a plurality of push blocks corresponding to the inner ring mounting cavity for pushing the bearing inner ring (48) towards the outer ring mounting groove. A push block is provided on the lap plate corresponding to the lifting hole. The thickness of the push block gradually decreases along the direction away from the lap plate. The push block is inserted into the lifting hole and pushes the baffle to rise.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, during processing and assembly, the inner ring and outer ring of the bearing enter the corresponding inner ring mounting slot and outer ring mounting slot respectively through the inner ring material groove and outer ring material groove. After the inner ring falls into the inner ring mounting cavity and the outer ring enters the outer ring mounting slot, under the limiting action of the support plate, the outer ring is stably held between the support plate and the inner wall of the outer ring material groove, ensuring that the inner and outer rings are coaxially aligned and improving assembly accuracy. Subsequently, the press cylinder is activated by the control console, which drives the overlapping plate forward, and the push block is inserted into the lifting hole, causing the baffle to lift upward; at the same time, the push block on the overlapping plate pushes the inner ring of the bearing toward the outer ring mounting slot, and pushes the inner and outer rings together to the abutment plate to complete the extrusion assembly. The cylinder linkage pushing structure has high synchronization of action and stable assembly pressure, avoiding bearing deformation or jamming due to uneven force. After assembly, the push block retracts and resets with the overlapping plate, and the formed radial spherical bearing enters the receiving trough sequentially through the feeding chamber and feeding port. The process is smooth and requires no manual intervention, realizing continuous automatic feeding and collection, improving overall assembly efficiency and reducing human operation errors.

[0014] Preferably, an electrical box is installed on one side of the workbench, and a control box for controlling the operation of the stamping cylinder is provided on one side of the electrical box. The control box is located away from the outer ring vibrating plate and away from the inner ring vibrating plate.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when processing the workpiece, the control box sends instructions to the stamping device, causing the stamping device to perform corresponding actions. The control box is set away from the outer and inner vibratory plates, which can effectively reduce accidental touches of the control box buttons during workpiece processing, ensure stable and reliable processing, and improve work efficiency.

[0016] Preferably, a pusher plate is rotatably connected to the top of the outer ring mounting groove. The axis of the pusher plate is set along the rolling direction of the outer ring of the bearing. A pusher spring is provided at the rotating part of the pusher plate. The pusher spring is used to drive the pusher plate to approach the outer ring of the bearing. After the inner ring of the bearing is assembled with the outer ring of the bearing, the pusher spring is used to drive the pusher plate to push the radial joint bearing into the discharge groove.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the pusher block, driven by the stamping cylinder, pushes the inner ring of the bearing into the outer ring mounting groove. The inner and outer rings first contact the pusher plate, which then deflects backward under the pushing force of the pusher block. At this time, the pusher ring spring is in a taut state. After the inner and outer rings of the bearing are assembled, the stamping cylinder drives the pusher block to reset. Under the elastic force of the pusher ring spring, a pushing force is applied to the assembled radial spherical plain bearing, pushing the finished radial spherical plain bearing into the discharge groove.

[0018] Preferably, an annular spring is provided on the outer side of the mechanical claw to enhance the tightening force of the mechanical claw.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the ring spring can provide a stable clamping force for the mechanical gripper, keep the mechanical gripper in a reliable closed state, ensure that multiple grippers close synchronously, and effectively improve the clamping and positioning accuracy.

[0020] Preferably, the receiving box includes a finished product receiving box and a defective product receiving box; a separation guide seat is provided at the bottom of the discharge trough, and a finished product receiving trough and a defective product receiving trough are opened on the separation guide seat and communicate with the discharge trough. The finished product receiving trough is connected to the finished product receiving box, and the defective product receiving trough is connected to the defective product receiving box; a partition plate for closing the defective product receiving trough or closing the finished product receiving trough is rotatably connected to the separation guide seat, and a drive motor for driving the partition plate to rotate is provided at the bottom of the partition plate. An infrared sensor for controlling the drive motor is installed on the side wall of the discharge trough near the abutment plate. The infrared sensor is used to detect cracks on the radial joint bearing.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when a crack exists in the radial joint bearing, the infrared sensor controls the drive motor to trigger a command to the separator plate, causing the separator plate to close the finished product receiving trough, allowing the radial joint bearing to flow into the defective product receiving trough. When the radial joint bearing is not cracked, the infrared sensor controls the drive motor to trigger a command to the separator plate, causing the separator plate to close the defective product receiving trough, allowing the radial joint bearing to flow into the finished product receiving trough. This design can effectively distinguish between finished and defective products, eliminating the need for subsequent manual sorting processes, significantly reducing labor costs, and achieving automated sorting.

[0022] Preferably, a finished product counter is installed on the side of the finished product receiving trough near the partition plate, and a defective product counter is installed on the side of the defective product receiving trough near the partition plate.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the finished product counter and the defective product counter are used to record the quantity of finished products and the quantity of defective products generated during the production process, which facilitates the statistical accounting of material usage and output after processing.

[0024] Preferably, a first soft rubber plate is provided at the end of the support plate away from the outer ring mounting groove, and a second soft rubber plate is symmetrically provided at the bottom of the abutment plate relative to the first soft rubber plate. The first soft rubber plate and the second soft rubber plate are inclined downward in a direction that brings them closer to each other.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the first soft rubber plate and the second soft rubber plate cooperate with each other, which can make the assembled radial spherical bearing fall smoothly and enter the discharge groove in an orderly manner, effectively reducing the impact damage to the radial spherical bearing after assembly, reducing the phenomenon of jamming in the discharge groove during processing, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the processing process.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. During the machining of radial spherical plain bearings, a robotic gripper picks up the inner or outer ring of the bearing at the corresponding position. The gripper places the gripped inner or outer ring onto the inner and outer ring vibratory feeders, respectively. After being vibrated and conveyed by the inner and outer ring vibratory feeders, the workpiece enters the corresponding inner or outer ring material groove and is then transported to the worktable. Finally, the stamping device on the worktable presses the inner and outer rings together, completing the automatic assembly of the radial spherical plain bearing. The integrated design of the robotic gripper, inner ring vibratory feeder, outer ring vibratory feeder, and stamping device completely replaces manual loading operations, effectively reducing the labor intensity of workers, improving the assembly efficiency of radial spherical plain bearings, and reducing the safety hazards caused by manual operation, thus achieving automated, safe, and efficient assembly of radial spherical plain bearings. 2. During machining and assembly, the inner and outer rings of the bearing enter their respective inner and outer ring mounting slots via the inner and outer ring material grooves, respectively. The inner ring falls into the inner ring mounting cavity, and the outer ring, after entering the outer ring mounting slot, is stably held between the support plate and the inner wall of the outer ring material groove under the limiting action of the support plate, ensuring coaxial alignment of the inner and outer rings and improving assembly accuracy. Subsequently, the press cylinder is activated via the control console. The press cylinder drives the overlapping plate forward, and the push block inserts into the lifting hole, causing the baffle to lift upward. Simultaneously, the push block on the overlapping plate pushes the inner ring towards the outer ring mounting slot, pushing both the inner and outer rings together to the abutment plate, completing the extrusion assembly. This cylinder-linked pushing structure ensures high synchronization of actions and stable assembly pressure, preventing bearing deformation or jamming due to uneven force. After assembly, the push block retracts and resets with the overlapping plate, and the formed radial spherical bearing enters the receiving trough through the feeding chamber and feeding port in sequence. The process is smooth and requires no manual intervention, realizing continuous automatic feeding and collection, improving overall assembly efficiency and reducing human operation errors. 3. When a crack is found in the radial spherical bearing, the infrared sensor controls the drive motor to trigger a command to the separator plate, which closes the finished product receiving chute, allowing the radial spherical bearing to flow into the defective product receiving chute. When the radial spherical bearing is not cracked, the infrared sensor controls the drive motor to trigger a command to the separator plate, which closes the defective product receiving chute, allowing the radial spherical bearing to flow into the finished product receiving chute. This design effectively distinguishes between finished and defective products, eliminating the need for subsequent manual sorting, significantly reducing labor costs, and achieving automated sorting. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a radial spherical bearing assembly method and equipment according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main structure of the mechanical claw in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the stamping device, which is a key feature of this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the pusher plate structure, which is the main feature of this application embodiment. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the inner ring mounting groove structure, which is the main feature of this application embodiment. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the ring spring structure, which is the main feature of this application embodiment. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main separation guide structure in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the first flexible rubber sheet and the second flexible rubber sheet, which is the main embodiment of this application. Reference numerals: 1. Inner ring vibratory feeder; 2. Inner ring trough; 3. Outer ring vibratory feeder; 4. Discharge trough; 5. Receiving box; 6. Mechanical gripper; 7. Outer ring trough; 8. Worktable; 9. Control box; 10. Electrical box; 11. Overlap plate; 12. Stamping cylinder; 13. Inner ring mounting cavity; 14. Push block; 15. Inner ring mounting groove; 16. Push block; 17. Lifting hole; 18. Baffle; 19. Discharge cavity; 20. Outer ring mounting groove; 21. Abutment plate; 22. Push spring; 23. Push plate; 24. Support plate; 25. Reset spring; 6. Connecting tension spring; 27. Annular groove; 28. Annular spring; 29. ​​Telescopic rod; 30. Telescopic groove; 31. Connecting magnetic block; 32. Mechanical baffle; 33. Telescopic plate; 34. Separation guide seat; 35. Finished product receiving trough; 36. Finished product counter; 37. Finished product receiving box; 38. Infrared sensor; 39. Divider plate; 40. Drive motor; 41. Defective product receiving trough; 42. Defective product counter; 43. Defective product receiving box; 44. First soft rubber plate; 45. Second soft rubber plate; 46. Stop block; 47. Bearing outer ring; 48. Bearing inner ring. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Figure 8 This application will be described in further detail.

[0029] This application discloses a method and equipment for assembling radial joint bearings.

[0030] Example 1 Reference Figure 1A method and apparatus for assembling a radial spherical plain bearing include a worktable 8, on which a stamping device is installed for press-fitting an inner ring 48 and an outer ring 47 of the bearing to form a radial spherical plain bearing. An inner ring vibratory feeder 1 and an outer ring vibratory feeder 3 are provided on one side of the worktable 8, and a mechanical claw 6 for gripping the inner ring 48 and outer ring 47 of the bearing is provided between the inner ring vibratory feeder 1 and the outer ring vibratory feeder 3. An inner ring material groove 2 is fixedly connected to one side of the inner ring vibratory feeder 1, and an outer ring material groove 7 is fixedly connected to one side of the outer ring vibratory feeder 3. The inner ring material groove 2 and the outer ring material groove 7 are respectively used to transport the inner ring 48 and the outer ring 47 of the bearing output from the inner ring vibratory feeder 1 and the outer ring vibratory feeder 3 to the worktable 8 for assembly. A receiving box 5 is installed below the worktable 8, and a discharge chute 4 connected to the receiving box 5 is provided on the worktable 8. During the processing of the radial spherical plain bearing, the mechanical claw 6 grips the corresponding position of the inner ring 48 or the outer ring 47 of the bearing. The mechanical gripper 6 places the inner ring 48 or outer ring 47 of the bearing onto the inner ring vibratory plate 1 and the outer ring vibratory plate 3, respectively. After being vibrated and conveyed by the inner ring vibratory plate 1 and the outer ring vibratory plate 3, the workpiece enters the corresponding inner ring material groove 2 or outer ring material groove 7, and is then conveyed to the worktable 8. Finally, the stamping device on the worktable 8 presses the inner ring 48 and the outer ring 47 of the bearing together, completing the automatic assembly of the radial spherical plain bearing. The mechanical gripper 6, the inner ring vibratory plate 1, the outer ring vibratory plate 3, and the stamping device are integrated into a single design, completely replacing manual feeding operations, effectively reducing the labor intensity of workers, improving the assembly efficiency of radial spherical plain bearings, and reducing the safety hazards caused by manual operation, thus achieving automated, safe, and efficient assembly of radial spherical plain bearings.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 The mechanical gripper 6 consists of three triangular, arc-shaped jaws. Mechanical baffles 32 are rotatably connected to both sides of each jaw. A reset spring 25 is installed between the mechanical baffles 32 and the jaws to reset the mechanical baffles 32. Multiple mechanical baffles 32 cooperate to form a closed-loop structure, creating a closed space to accommodate the inner ring 48 or outer ring 47 of the bearing. The mechanical gripper 6 can stably grasp an appropriate amount of the inner ring 48 or outer ring 47 of the bearing. When the inner ring 48 or outer ring 47 of the bearing becomes stuck between two adjacent mechanical baffles 32, it can be released by rotating the mechanical baffles 32, avoiding pinching or damage to the inner ring 48 or outer ring 47 of the bearing, improving the stability and reliability of the mechanical gripper's grasping process, and achieving efficient and sufficient workpiece clamping.

[0032] Telescopic plates 33 are telescopically connected to both sides of the gripper. Mechanical baffles 32 are rotatably connected to the telescopic plates 33. Telescopic grooves 30 are provided on the gripper. Telescopic rods 29 are provided on the telescopic plates 33 to engage with the telescopic grooves 30. Connecting tension springs 26 are installed in the telescopic grooves 30. Multiple connecting magnetic blocks 31 are provided between two adjacent mechanical baffles 32. The multiple connecting magnetic blocks 31 attract each other, making the connection between the mechanical baffles 32 tighter. The magnetic attraction force of the connecting magnetic blocks 31 is small, much smaller than the clamping force when the mechanical gripper 6 closes. When the bearing inner ring 48 or bearing outer ring 47 is stuck between adjacent mechanical baffles 32, the stuck bearing inner ring 48 or bearing outer ring 47 can be discharged in advance by the magnetic attraction between the connecting magnetic blocks 31 before the mechanical gripper 6 closes to clamp, avoiding the workpiece being pinched and damaged when the mechanical gripper 6 closes, and greatly reducing the risk of damage to the bearing inner ring 48 and bearing outer ring 47 during the gripping process.

[0033] The inner wall of the mechanical gripper 6 adopts a smooth, rounded arc surface structure. All contact surfaces, edges, and corners of the inner wall are smooth, rounded surfaces, and the rounded surfaces are continuously and smoothly connected without sharp corners, edges, or abrupt changes. This inner surface structure not only avoids scratching or bumping the inner ring 48 and outer ring 47 of the bearing during gripping, but also allows the inner ring 48 and outer ring 47 of the bearing to smoothly disengage along the smooth arc surface when releasing the workpiece, effectively improving the stability of workpiece operation and work efficiency.

[0034] Reference Figure 4The stamping device includes an outer ring mounting groove 20 formed on the worktable 8, and an outer ring material groove 7 located above the outer ring mounting groove 20. A support plate 24 is provided on the inner wall of the outer ring material groove 7, and the support plate 24 is inclined upwards to receive the bearing outer ring 47 output from the outer ring material groove 7, so that the bearing outer ring 47 is held between the support plate 24 and the inner wall of the outer ring material groove 7. An abutment plate 21 is provided at the end of the support plate 24 away from the outer ring mounting groove 20, and a discharge cavity 19 is formed between the abutment plate 21 and the outer ring mounting groove 20. The discharge cavity 19 is connected to the discharge groove 4. The formed discharge cavity 19 provides a smooth channel for the assembled radial spherical plain bearing, allowing the assembled radial spherical plain bearing to fall orderly into the discharge port, achieving automatic and smooth discharge, effectively improving assembly stability and increasing assembly efficiency. An inner ring mounting groove 15 is installed on one side of the outer ring mounting groove 20. The inner ring material groove 2 is located above the inner ring mounting groove 15. Evenly spaced stops 46 are installed within the inner ring mounting groove 15, dividing it into multiple uniformly sized inner ring mounting cavities 13. When a bearing inner ring 48 falls from the inner ring material groove 2 into an inner ring mounting cavity 13, the next bearing inner ring 48 will sequentially enter the next inner ring mounting cavity 13, ensuring that the bearing inner rings 48 are conveyed in an orderly manner according to a preset sequence. This automates the feeding of bearing inner rings 48, improving feeding stability and production efficiency. A baffle 18 is installed between the inner ring mounting groove 15 and the outer ring mounting groove 20. The baffle 18 has lifting holes 17, which separate the inner ring mounting groove 15 and the outer ring mounting groove 20. A stamping cylinder 12 is installed on the side of the inner ring mounting groove 15 away from the baffle 18. A lap plate 11 is installed on the end of the stamping cylinder 12 near the inner ring mounting groove 15. A certain space is left between the lap plate 11 and the inner ring mounting groove 15. The lap plate 11 is provided with multiple push blocks 16 corresponding to the inner ring mounting cavity 13. The push blocks 16 are used to push the bearing inner ring 48 towards the outer ring mounting groove 20. When the lap plate 11 abuts against the side of the baffle 46, the lap plate 11 closes the inner ring mounting cavity 13, thereby preventing the next bearing inner ring 48 from falling into the inner ring mounting cavity 13. A push block 14 is installed on the lap plate 11 at the position of the lifting hole 17 on the baffle 18. The push block 14 is a right-angled triangle, and the acute end of the push block 14 abuts against the upper end of the lifting hole 17. During the advancement of the overlapping plate 11, the baffle 18 moves upward along the inclined surface of the push block 14, thereby raising the baffle 18 and connecting the inner ring mounting groove 15 with the outer ring mounting groove 20.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 An electrical box 10 is installed on one side of the workbench 8, and a control box 9 is installed on the other side of the electrical box 10. The control box 9 is used to control the operation of the stamping cylinder 12. The control box 9 is installed away from the outer ring vibratory plate 3 and away from the inner ring vibratory plate 1, which can effectively reduce accidental touches of the control box 9 buttons during workpiece processing, ensure stable and reliable processing, and improve work efficiency.

[0036] Reference Figure 4 A pusher plate 23 is rotatably connected to the top of the outer ring mounting groove 20, and the axis of the pusher plate 23 is set along the rolling direction of the outer ring 47 of the bearing. A pusher spring 22 is installed at the rotating part of the pusher plate 23, and the pusher spring 22 is used to drive the pusher plate 23 to approach the outer ring 47 of the bearing. When the inner ring 48 of the bearing is not in the outer ring mounting groove 20, the pusher plate 23 can limit and block the outer ring 47 of the bearing; when the inner ring 48 and the outer ring 47 of the bearing are assembled, the pusher spring 22 drives the pusher plate 23 to push the assembled radial spherical plain bearing into the discharge groove 4. During operation, the pusher block 16 pushes the inner ring 48 of the bearing into the outer ring mounting groove 20 under the drive of the stamping cylinder 12. The inner ring 48 and the outer ring 47 of the bearing first contact the pusher plate 23. The pusher plate 23 deflects backward under the pushing force of the pusher block 16, and the pusher spring 22 is in a stored energy tension state. After the inner ring 48 and outer ring 47 of the bearing are assembled, the stamping cylinder 12 drives the push block 16 to reset. Under the elastic force of the push ring spring 22, the push plate 23 applies a pushing force to the assembled radial spherical plain bearing, pushing the finished radial spherical plain bearing to the discharge port.

[0037] The implementation principle of the radial spherical plain bearing assembly method and equipment in this application embodiment is as follows: During the processing and assembly of the radial spherical plain bearing, the mechanical claw 6 grips the bearing inner ring 48 or bearing outer ring 47 at the corresponding position. The mechanical baffles 32 cooperate with each other to form a closed-loop space. The inner wall of the mechanical baffles 32 adopts a smooth transition structure with an arc surface, which can stably clamp the bearing inner ring 48 and bearing outer ring 47. The connecting magnetic blocks 31 between adjacent mechanical baffles 32 attract each other, and the attraction is used to remove the stuck workpiece in advance to avoid injury. If there is still a stuck workpiece, it can be released by rotating the mechanical baffles 32. The mechanical gripper 6 places the inner ring 48 and outer ring 47 of the bearing into the inner ring vibratory plate 1 and the outer ring vibratory plate 3, respectively. After being vibrated and conveyed by the inner ring vibratory plate 1 and the outer ring vibratory plate 3, the workpieces enter the corresponding inner ring material groove 2 and outer ring material groove 7, respectively, and are then conveyed to the inner ring mounting groove 15 and outer ring mounting groove 20 of the worktable 8. The inner ring 48 of the bearing falls into the inner ring mounting cavity 13, and after the outer ring 47 of the bearing enters the outer ring mounting groove 20, the outer ring 47 of the bearing is stably held between the support plate 24 and the inner wall of the outer ring material groove 7 under the limiting action of the support plate 24. Subsequently, the stamping cylinder 12 is activated via the control console. The stamping cylinder 12 drives the overlapping plate 11 forward, and the pushing block 14 is inserted into the lifting hole 17, causing the baffle 18 to rise. At the same time, the pushing block 16 on the overlapping plate 11 pushes the bearing inner ring 48 towards the outer ring mounting groove 20. The bearing inner ring 48 and the bearing outer ring 47 first contact the pusher plate 23. Under the pushing force of the pushing block 16, the pusher plate 23 deflects backward. At this time, the pusher spring 22 is in a taut state. Then, the bearing inner ring 48 and the bearing outer ring 47 are pushed together to the abutment plate 21 to complete the extrusion assembly. After the bearing inner ring 48 and the bearing outer ring 47 are assembled, the stamping cylinder 12 drives the pushing block 16 to reset. Under the elastic force of the pusher spring 22, a pushing force is applied to the assembled radial spherical plain bearing, pushing the finished radial spherical plain bearing to the discharge trough 4, and then into the receiving box 5 through the discharge trough 4 for automatic collection. This assembly method adopts an integrated design of fully automatic feeding and pressing device, which uses mechanical claw 6 to automatically grasp the inner ring 48 and outer ring 47 of the bearing, and inner ring vibratory plate 1 and outer ring vibratory plate 3. It completely replaces manual feeding operation, effectively reduces the labor intensity of workers, improves assembly efficiency, and realizes automated and efficient assembly of radial spherical plain bearings.

[0038] Example 2 Reference Figure 6 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that annular grooves 27 are provided on the outer sides of multiple grippers, and annular springs 28 are installed in the annular grooves 27. The annular springs 28 can provide a stable tightening force for the mechanical gripper 6, so that the mechanical gripper 6 remains in a reliable closed state, ensuring that multiple grippers close synchronously, and effectively improving the clamping and positioning accuracy.

[0039] Reference Figure 7The receiving box 5 includes a finished product receiving box 37 and a defective product receiving box 43; a separation guide seat 34 is installed at the bottom of the discharge trough 4, and a finished product receiving trough 35 and a defective product receiving trough 41 are opened on the separation guide seat 34 and are connected to the discharge trough 4. The finished product receiving trough 35 is connected to the finished product receiving box 37, and the defective product receiving trough 41 is connected to the defective product receiving box 43; a partition plate 39 for closing the defective product receiving trough 41 or closing the finished product receiving trough 35 is rotatably connected to the separation guide seat 34. A drive motor 40 for driving the partition plate 39 to rotate is installed at one end of the partition plate 39. An infrared sensor 38 for controlling the drive motor 40 is installed on the side wall of the discharge trough 4 near the abutment plate 21. The infrared sensor 38 is used to detect cracks on the radial joint bearing. When a crack is present in the radial joint bearing, the infrared sensor 38 controls the drive motor 40 to trigger a command to the separator plate 39, causing the separator plate 39 to close the finished product receiving trough 35, thus allowing the radial joint bearing to flow into the defective product receiving trough 43. When the radial joint bearing is not cracked, the infrared sensor 38 controls the drive motor 40 to trigger a command to the separator plate 39, causing the separator plate 39 to close the defective product receiving trough 41, thus allowing the radial joint bearing to flow into the finished product receiving trough 35. This design can effectively distinguish between finished and defective products, eliminating the need for subsequent manual sorting processes, significantly reducing labor costs, and achieving automated sorting.

[0040] A finished product counter 36 is installed on the side of the finished product receiving trough 35 near the partition plate 39, and a defective product counter 42 is installed on the side of the defective product receiving trough 41 near the partition plate 39. The finished product counter 36 and the defective product counter 42 are used to record the quantity of finished products and the quantity of defective products generated during the production process, so as to facilitate the statistical accounting of material usage and output after processing.

[0041] Reference Figure 8 A first soft rubber plate 44 is installed at the end of the support plate 24 away from the outer ring mounting groove 20. A second soft rubber plate 45 is symmetrically installed at the bottom of the abutment plate 21 relative to the first soft rubber plate 44. The first soft rubber plate 44 and the second soft rubber plate 45 are installed at an angle downwards in the direction of mutual approach. Both the first soft rubber plate 44 and the second soft rubber plate 45 are made of rubber. Rubber has good wear resistance, excellent cushioning and shock absorption effect and strong impact resistance. The first soft rubber plate 44 and the second soft rubber plate 45 cooperate with each other to allow the assembled radial spherical bearing to fall smoothly and enter the discharge groove 4 in an orderly manner, effectively reducing the impact damage to the spherical bearing after assembly, reducing the phenomenon of jamming in the discharge groove 4 during processing, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the processing process.

[0042] The implementation principle of Example 2 is as follows: After the radial joint bearing is post-processed, during its descent, the radial joint bearing first reaches the first soft rubber plate 44 and the second soft rubber plate 45. Through the cooperation of the first soft rubber plate 44 and the second soft rubber plate 45, the assembled radial joint bearing falls smoothly and enters the discharge groove 4 in an orderly manner, effectively reducing the impact damage after the joint bearing is assembled and reducing the occurrence of jamming in the discharge groove 4 during processing. When the radial joint bearing falling into the discharge groove 4 passes through the area of ​​the infrared sensor 38, it is automatically detected by the infrared sensor 38. When the radial joint bearing has cracks, the infrared sensor 38 controls the drive motor 40 to trigger a command to the partition plate 39, causing the partition plate 39 to close the finished product receiving groove 35, thereby allowing the radial joint bearing to flow into the defective product receiving box 43; when the radial joint bearing has no cracks, the infrared sensor 38 controls the drive motor 40 to trigger a command to the partition plate 39, causing the partition plate 39 to close the defective product receiving groove 41, thereby allowing the radial joint bearing to flow into the finished product receiving groove 35. Infrared sensor 38 can effectively distinguish between finished products and defective products, eliminating the need for subsequent manual sorting and significantly reducing labor costs. After processing, the quantity of finished products and defective products during the production process can be viewed through finished product counter 36 and defective product counter 42, facilitating the accounting of material output and usage.

[0043] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method and apparatus for assembling radial spherical plain bearings, characterized in that: The system includes a workbench (8), on one side of which are an inner ring vibratory plate (1) and an outer ring vibratory plate (3). A mechanical claw (6) for gripping the inner ring (48) and outer ring (47) of the bearing is provided between the inner ring vibratory plate (1) and the outer ring vibratory plate (3). An inner ring material groove (2) is fixedly connected to one side of the inner ring vibratory plate (1), and an outer ring material groove (7) is fixedly connected to one side of the outer ring vibratory plate (3). The inner ring material groove (2) and the outer ring vibratory plate (3) are connected together. The outer ring feed trough (7) is used to transport the bearing inner ring (48) and bearing outer ring (47) to the workbench (8) for assembly. The workbench (8) is equipped with a stamping device for pressing the bearing inner ring (48) and bearing outer ring (47) together to form a radial spherical bearing. A receiving box (5) for collecting radial spherical bearings is provided below the workbench (8). A discharge trough (4) connected to the receiving box (5) is provided on the workbench (8).

2. The method and equipment for assembling a radial spherical plain bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical gripper (6) consists of three grippers. Mechanical baffles (32) are rotatably connected to both sides of the grippers. A reset spring (25) for resetting the mechanical baffles (32) is provided between the mechanical baffles (32) and the grippers. Multiple mechanical baffles (32) cooperate with each other to form a closed loop structure.

3. The method and equipment for assembling a radial spherical plain bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: Telescopic plates (33) are telescopically connected to both sides of the gripper. The mechanical baffle (32) is rotatably connected to the telescopic plate (33). The gripper is provided with a telescopic groove (30). The telescopic plate (33) is provided with a telescopic rod (29) that is inserted into the telescopic groove (30). A connecting spring (26) is installed in the telescopic groove (30). Multiple connecting magnetic blocks (31) are provided between two adjacent mechanical baffles (32). The connecting magnetic blocks (31) on two adjacent mechanical baffles (32) attract each other.

4. The method and equipment for assembling a radial spherical plain bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stamping device includes an outer ring mounting groove (20) opened on the workbench (8), and an outer ring material groove (7) located above the outer ring mounting groove (20); an abutment plate (21) is provided on one side of the outer ring mounting groove (20), and a feeding cavity (19) is formed between the abutment plate (21) and the outer ring mounting groove (20), and the feeding cavity (19) is connected to the discharge groove (4); the bottom of the outer ring material groove (7) is provided with a support for receiving the outer ring. The support plate (24) is inclined along the direction close to the abutment plate (21); an inner ring mounting groove (15) is installed on one side of the outer ring mounting groove (20), the inner ring mounting groove (15) is located below the inner ring material groove (2), and a stop block (46) is evenly spaced in the inner ring mounting groove (15), the stop block (46) divides the inner ring mounting groove (15) into multiple inner ring mounting cavities (13) of uniform size. A baffle (18) is provided between the inner ring mounting groove (15) and the outer ring mounting groove (20), and a lifting hole (17) is provided on the baffle (18); a stamping cylinder (12) is installed on the side of the inner ring mounting groove (15) away from the baffle (18), and an overlapping plate (11) is installed on the end of the stamping cylinder (12) near the inner ring mounting groove (15), and the overlapping plate (11) is used to close the inner ring mounting cavity (13). The overlapping plate (11) is formed with a plurality of push blocks (16) corresponding to the inner ring mounting cavity (13) for pushing the bearing inner ring (48) to the outer ring mounting groove (20). The overlapping plate (11) is provided with a push block (14) corresponding to the lifting hole (17). The thickness of the push block (14) gradually decreases in the direction away from the overlapping plate (11). The push block (14) is inserted into the lifting hole (17) and pushes the baffle (18) to rise.

5. The method and equipment for assembling a radial spherical plain bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that: An electrical box (10) is installed on one side of the workbench (8), and a control box (9) for controlling the operation of the stamping cylinder (12) is provided on one side of the electrical box (10). The control box (9) is located away from the outer ring vibrating plate (3) and is located away from the inner ring vibrating plate (1).

6. The method and equipment for assembling a radial spherical plain bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the outer ring mounting groove (20) is rotatably connected to a pusher plate (23). The axis of the pusher plate (23) is set along the rolling direction of the outer ring (47) of the bearing. A pusher spring (22) is set at the rotating part of the pusher plate (23). The pusher spring (22) is used to drive the pusher plate (23) to approach the outer ring (47) of the bearing. After the inner ring (48) of the bearing is assembled with the outer ring (47) of the bearing, the pusher spring (22) is used to drive the pusher plate (23) to push the radial joint bearing into the discharge groove (4).

7. The method and equipment for assembling a radial spherical plain bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular spring (28) is provided on the outside of the mechanical claw (6) to enhance the tightening force of the mechanical claw (6).

8. The method and equipment for assembling a radial spherical plain bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The receiving box (5) includes a finished product receiving box (37) and a defective product receiving box (43); the bottom of the discharge trough (4) is provided with a separation guide seat (34), and the separation guide seat (34) is provided with a finished product receiving trough (35) and a defective product receiving trough (41) that are connected to the discharge trough (4). The finished product receiving trough (35) is connected to the finished product receiving box (37), and the defective product receiving trough (41) is connected to the defective product receiving box (43); the separation guide seat (34) is rotatably connected to a partition plate (39) for closing the defective product receiving trough (41) or the finished product receiving trough (35). The bottom of the partition plate (39) is provided with a drive motor (40) for driving the partition plate (39) to rotate. The discharge trough (4) is equipped with an infrared sensor (38) for controlling the drive motor (40) on the side wall near the abutment plate (21). The infrared sensor (38) is used to detect cracks on the radial joint bearing.

9. The method and equipment for assembling a radial spherical plain bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The finished product receiving trough (35) is equipped with a finished product counter (36) on the side near the partition plate (39), and the defective product receiving trough (41) is equipped with a defective product counter (42) on the side near the partition plate (39).

10. The method and equipment for assembling a radial spherical plain bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support plate (24) is provided with a first soft rubber plate (44) at one end away from the outer ring mounting groove (20), and the bottom of the abutment plate (21) is provided with a second soft rubber plate (45) symmetrically opposite to the first soft rubber plate (44). The first soft rubber plate (44) and the second soft rubber plate (45) are inclined downward in a direction that approaches each other.

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