An electric vehicle adaptive charging system and control method

Abstract

This invention discloses an adaptive charging system and control method for electric vehicles, belonging to the field of new energy vehicle charging technology. This invention completely eliminates the on-board charger for AC charging, adopting an architecture where the vehicle-side control unit has full control and the external power conversion module only performs the functions. The vehicle-side unit completes module detection, line capacity assessment, battery status acquisition, command issuance, and full-process safety monitoring. The external module only performs AC-DC power conversion and has no autonomous control authority. This invention reduces vehicle manufacturing costs, weight, and space occupation, enables adaptive and safe charging in household socket scenarios, is compatible with public DC fast charging, supports on-demand expansion of charging power and module upgrades, solves the pain point of home charging for users without fixed parking spaces, adapts to the next generation of electric vehicle charging systems, builds an open and standardized charging ecosystem, and has extremely high industrial application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy vehicle charging technology, specifically relating to a system and control method that eliminates the AC charging on-board charger, allows for full decision-making by the vehicle, utilizes external power conversion, and adapts to safe charging with household power supply. Background Technology

[0002] Current electric vehicles generally integrate AC-DC on-board chargers (OBCs) into the vehicle, which has inherent drawbacks such as high cost, large weight, large space occupation, concentrated heat generation, and inability to be upgraded. At the same time, many users without fixed parking spaces cannot install dedicated charging piles, and directly using household sockets for high-power AC charging can easily cause safety hazards such as circuit overload, overheating, and fire.

[0003] In existing external charging solutions, the charging equipment mostly makes autonomous decisions on charging parameters and processes, while the vehicle only passively receives electrical energy. This makes it impossible for the vehicle to have full control over the entire charging process and to adaptively limit the power capacity of the lines in home power supply scenarios. As a result, there are problems with insufficient safety and versatility, making it difficult to meet the next-generation charging needs of lightweight, modular, and upgradeable solutions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide an adaptive charging system and control method for electric vehicles without an AC charging on-board charger. By eliminating the on-board charger, external power conversion module, and vehicle-side decision-making architecture, it achieves safe and convenient charging in the scenario of household sockets, while being compatible with public DC fast charging, reducing vehicle cost and weight, improving charging safety and versatility, and building an open and standardized charging ecosystem.

[0005] Technical solution System Architecture An adaptive charging system for electric vehicles, comprising: Vehicle-side control unit (1): As the core decision-making component of the vehicle, it is responsible for the generation of strategies, issuance of instructions and status monitoring of the entire charging process, and is the absolute master control unit of the entire charging process; Battery Management System (BMS) (2): It interacts bidirectionally with the vehicle control unit, provides battery status parameters, and collaboratively generates charging control strategies; High voltage DC charging interface (3): As the only power input on the vehicle, it interacts bidirectionally with the vehicle control unit and BMS to realize the transmission of control commands and the transmission of charging power. External power conversion module (4): Independent of the vehicle, it only performs AC to DC power conversion according to the instructions issued by the vehicle control unit, does not participate in any charging decision, and has no autonomous charging control authority; The electric vehicle does not have an on-board charger for AC charging. All charging strategies, power regulation, and safety monitoring are independently completed by the vehicle-side control unit and BMS. The external power conversion module is only an execution unit.

[0006] Control methods An adaptive charging control method for electric vehicles includes the following steps: S1. The process begins, and the vehicle enters the charging preparation state; S2. The vehicle-side detection external power conversion module is connected to the high-voltage DC interface to establish an encrypted communication link and complete identity verification; S3. Collect parameters such as voltage, current, and line temperature on the power supply side at the vehicle end, calculate the maximum power carrying capacity of the line, and determine the line's carrying capacity; S4. The vehicle-side system integrates with the BMS to obtain real-time parameters such as battery SOC, individual cell voltage, temperature, and health status. S5. The vehicle-side unit combines the line carrying capacity and battery status to generate the optimal charging control command (including charging power and cutoff conditions) and sends it to the external module. S6. The external module only performs AC-DC power conversion and has no autonomous charging control authority; S7. The vehicle performs safety monitoring throughout the process (overload / overtemperature / leakage / short circuit, etc.). If an abnormality is detected, S9 will be triggered to terminate charging abnormally. S8. Determine if charging is complete (battery SOC reaches the set value). If yes, execute S9; otherwise, loop back to S7 to continue monitoring. S9. The vehicle actively sends a power-off command, the control module stops working, and the process ends.

[0007] Beneficial effects Architectural innovation: Completely eliminates the on-board charger for AC charging, reducing vehicle manufacturing costs, weight and space occupation, simplifying the internal circuit structure of the vehicle, and achieving vehicle-side lightweighting; Safe and controllable: The vehicle is fully responsible for charging decisions and safety monitoring, while the external module only executes instructions, thus avoiding safety hazards caused by autonomous decision-making by the charging equipment. At the same time, it adapts to the load-bearing capacity of household wiring to prevent overload and overheating. Flexible expansion: Charging power can be matched as needed, supporting multiple scenarios such as home use and supercharging. External modules can be upgraded independently, allowing you to enjoy the latest charging technology without changing your vehicle. High versatility: A single DC interface is compatible with both household portable charging and public DC fast charging, eliminating the need for additional AC charging interfaces and improving vehicle design flexibility; Wide application scenarios: It solves the home charging needs of users without fixed parking spaces, enables safe charging without the need for dedicated charging piles, builds an open and standardized charging ecosystem, is compatible with the next generation of electric vehicle charging systems, and has extremely high industrial application value. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive charging system for electric vehicles according to the present invention, wherein: 1 is the vehicle-side control unit, 2 is the battery management system (BMS), 3 is the high-voltage DC charging interface, and 4 is the external power conversion module; the large frame represents the entire electric vehicle, and the arrows indicate the direction of signal and power transmission. The vehicle-side control unit is the core main controller, and the external power conversion module is only controlled by vehicle-side commands.

[0009] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the adaptive charging control method for electric vehicles according to the present invention, wherein: S1 marks the start of the process; S2 indicates that the vehicle-side device detects the external module's access and establishes communication; S3 indicates that the vehicle-side device collects power supply parameters and determines the line's carrying capacity; S4 indicates that the vehicle-side device, in conjunction with the BMS, obtains the battery status; S5 indicates that the vehicle-side device generates a charging command and sends it to the external module; S6 indicates that the external module only performs AC-DC power conversion; S7 indicates that the vehicle-side device performs full-process safety monitoring; S8 indicates that charging is complete; S9 indicates that the vehicle-side device actively terminates charging, and the process ends; the abnormal termination branch is used to directly end the process when the vehicle-side device detects an abnormality. Detailed Implementation

[0010] System Implementation like Figure 1 As shown, the system of the present invention includes a vehicle-side control unit (1), a battery management system (2), a high-voltage DC charging interface (3) inside the electric vehicle frame, and an external power conversion module (4) outside the vehicle.

[0011] The vehicle-side control unit (1) communicates bidirectionally with the BMS (2) and the high-voltage DC charging interface (3) to collaboratively generate a charging strategy; the external power conversion module (4) establishes communication with the vehicle-side through the high-voltage DC interface, only performs AC-DC power conversion, and has no autonomous charging decision authority.

[0012] When charging at home, the external module is connected to the mains power and converts electrical energy according to the vehicle's instructions, charging the vehicle through the high-voltage interface; when charging at public DC fast charging, it is directly connected to the fast charging equipment through the same DC interface, and the vehicle switches the working mode to achieve integrated fast and slow charging.

[0013] Method Implementation like Figure 2 As shown, the control method of the present invention is executed according to the following process: S1. The process starts, and the vehicle enters the charging preparation state; S2. The vehicle detects that an external module is connected to the high-voltage DC interface, establishes a CAN / Ethernet encrypted communication link, and completes module identity verification; S3. Collect parameters such as voltage, current, and line temperature of household sockets at the vehicle end, calculate the maximum power carrying capacity of the line, and determine the line's carrying capacity; S4. The vehicle obtains real-time parameters such as battery SOC, cell voltage, battery temperature, and health status from the BMS; S5. The vehicle-side unit combines the line's carrying capacity and the battery status to generate the optimal charging power command and sends it to the external module; S6. The external module only performs AC-DC power conversion according to instructions and outputs DC power to the high-voltage interface; S7. The vehicle-side monitors the current, voltage, temperature, and leakage status throughout the process. If an abnormality is detected, S9 is triggered to terminate charging abnormally. S8. Determine if the battery is fully charged. If "yes", proceed to S9 to end charging. If "no", return to S7 to continue monitoring. S9. The vehicle actively sends a power-off command, the control module stops working, and the process ends.

[0014] This embodiment is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent modifications and substitutions made under the concept of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive charging system for electric vehicles, characterized in that, This includes the vehicle-side control unit, battery management system, high-voltage DC charging interface, and external power conversion module; The electric vehicle does not carry an on-board charger for AC charging. The vehicle-side control unit is the absolute master control unit for the entire charging process. It communicates bidirectionally with the battery management system and the high-voltage DC charging interface, and is responsible for module access detection, line carrying capacity judgment, battery status acquisition, charging command generation and full-process safety monitoring. The high-voltage DC charging interface is used to connect to an external power conversion module and transmit control commands and charging energy. The external power conversion module is independent of the vehicle and only executes AC-DC power conversion commands issued by the vehicle, without autonomous charging control authority.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle-side control unit monitors the status of the battery, wiring, and modules in real time during the charging process. When it detects abnormalities such as overload, overtemperature, leakage, or short circuit, it directly triggers an abnormal termination of charging.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external power conversion module is replaceable and supports different power specifications, enabling on-demand expansion and independent upgrades of charging power.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage DC charging interface is the only power input on the vehicle and is compatible with both home portable charging and public DC fast charging.

5. An adaptive charging control method for electric vehicles, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The process begins, and the vehicle enters the charging preparation state; S2. The vehicle-side detection external power conversion module is connected to the high-voltage DC interface to establish communication and complete identity verification; S3. Collect power supply side parameters at the vehicle end, calculate the maximum power carrying capacity of the line, and determine the line's carrying capacity; S4. The vehicle-side system integrates with the battery management system to obtain real-time battery status parameters; S5. The vehicle-side unit combines the line carrying capacity and battery status to generate charging control commands and send them to the external module; S6. The external module only performs AC-DC power conversion and has no autonomous charging control authority; S7. The vehicle performs safety monitoring throughout the process. If an abnormality is detected, S9 will be triggered to terminate charging abnormally. S8. Determine if charging is complete. If yes, execute S9; otherwise, loop back to S7 to continue monitoring. S9. The vehicle actively sends a power-off command, the control module stops working, and the process ends.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vehicle-mounted unit is the absolute master control unit for the entire charging process, while the external module is only an execution unit and does not participate in any charging decisions.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The charging control command includes charging power and cutoff conditions. The vehicle-side adaptively adjusts the charging power according to the load capacity of the household wiring to eliminate the risk of overload.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The high-voltage DC interface is compatible with both home portable charging and public DC fast charging, achieving integrated fast and slow charging.

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