Method for quick switching of bulk carrier tank and open delivery mode

Abstract

This invention discloses a rapid switching operation method for bulk carriers between tank loading and open-top delivery modes, belonging to the field of logistics and transportation technology. The method includes determining the target delivery mode based on the type of vessel to be loaded; and adjusting the dust collection device according to the target delivery mode. By clarifying the complete process of pre-operation preparation, dust collection system switching, disassembly and assembly of the conical bulk loading head, equipment adaptation adjustment, and operation monitoring, this invention standardizes the operational standards of each step, optimizes the adaptation logic between the dust collection system and the delivery mode, and strengthens safety control and equipment monitoring during the operation process. This achieves rapid, safe, and efficient switching between the two delivery modes. It effectively solves various pain points existing in traditional switching methods, reduces manual labor intensity, improves the targeting and effectiveness of dust control, ensures the safety of operators and the stability of equipment operation, significantly improves the adaptability and overall efficiency of bulk cargo delivery, and meets the rapid delivery needs of different vessel types.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of logistics and transportation technology, specifically referring to a method for rapidly switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on bulk carriers. Background Technology

[0002] In the bulk cargo transportation industry, bulk carriers are mainly divided into two categories: tank bulk carriers and open bulk carriers. Terminal sections need to frequently connect with different types of vessels to complete delivery operations. Therefore, the efficiency of switching between tank and open delivery modes, as well as the safety and environmental protection of operations, directly affect the overall operational efficiency of the terminal. With the continuous growth of bulk cargo transportation demand, the frequency of different vessel types arriving at the port is increasing, which places higher demands on the speed and standardization of delivery mode switching.

[0003] However, existing methods for rapid switching between bulk carrier tank loading and open-top delivery modes still have certain shortcomings. The current switching process is cumbersome and disorganized, lacking unified operating standards and clear division of labor. Reliance on manual, blind operation leads to time-consuming and inefficient switching. Dust control lacks precise adaptation to different delivery modes; a single dust collection structure cannot cope with differentiated operating scenarios, resulting in significant environmental pollution. Manual labor is intense, requiring workers to be in close contact with hazardous areas, and safety protection and continuous monitoring measures are lacking, leading to high risks of falls and collisions. Equipment compatibility is poor, lacking standardized docking structures and linked protection designs; auxiliary equipment is not included in the switching process, making it prone to problems such as overloading. Problems such as inadequate sealing, overheating of equipment, and material spillage; perfunctory pre-operation preparations, incomplete equipment checks, inaccurate confirmation of ship information, and inadequate safety checks of the work area can easily lead to process interruptions; lack of standardized dismantling and storage procedures, forced dismantling can easily damage equipment, and haphazard placement of parts can easily lead to loss and confusion, affecting equipment reuse and the working environment; lack of operational monitoring mechanisms, untimely handling of abnormal issues, and poor operational quality and stability not only restrict the overall efficiency and quality of bulk cargo delivery, but also pose serious environmental and safety hazards, and cannot meet the operational needs of rapid alternation of different ship types arriving at ports. Therefore, a rapid switching operation method for bulk cargo ship tank loading and open-top delivery modes is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for quickly switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on bulk carriers, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for rapidly switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on bulk carriers, comprising the following steps: S1. Determine the target delivery mode based on the type of vessel to be loaded; S2. Adjust the adaptability of the dust collection device according to the target delivery mode; S3. If the shipment is in canister form, the conical bulk loading head will be hoisted and positioned to connect with the ship's canister opening. S4. Under the canned delivery mode, complete the sealing, fixing, and installation verification of the conical bulk head; S5. If it is an open-top delivery mode, perform the removal and repositioning of the conical bulk head; S6. Under the open-top delivery mode, complete the secondary adaptation and operation readiness check of the dust collection system. S7. Start the delivery operation and monitor the operating status of the equipment in real time after the switch.

[0006] Preferably, the specific steps for the pre-operation preparations and clarification of the target delivery mode in S1 are as follows: Organize operators to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the core equipment of the bulk cargo delivery system, focusing on verifying the integrity and good condition of the conical bulk loading head, including its height, conical connection structure, chute venting head, buffer plate and buffer ring; confirm that there are no missing, deformed or damaged accessories such as connecting shackles, sealing gaskets, and lifting tools; check the operating status of auxiliary equipment such as the dust collection system, belt conveyor equipment, and electric hoists; confirm key information such as ship type, hatch size, and loading requirements with the shipowner, and clarify the target delivery mode; divide the work among operators, conduct safety and technical briefings, clarify the key points of operation for each position, risk prevention and control measures and emergency response procedures, complete the safety hazard investigation of the work area, clear obstacles within the work area, and set up warning signs.

[0007] Preferably, the specific implementation steps for switching the dust collection system type according to the target delivery mode in S2 are as follows: If the target delivery mode is canned delivery, the operator switches the dust collection system to the inverted cone dust collection mode, relying on the chute duct to form a negative pressure environment outside the canned ship hatch to suppress dust; if the target delivery mode is open delivery, the dust collection system is switched to the curtain dust collection mode, keeping the dust collection duct and the material channel inseparable, and forming a negative pressure zone in the material discharge area through the curtain around the radiator to prevent dust from overflowing, while checking the unobstructedness of the dust collection system duct.

[0008] Preferably, the specific steps for hoisting the conical bulk loading head and initially connecting the flange in the canned delivery mode of S3 are as follows: the on-site commander coordinates with the loading personnel to adjust the ship's mooring position so that the center line of the ship's canning port is aligned with the center line of the bulk delivery system's discharge port; the equipment operator starts the electric hoist to slowly lift the conical bulk loading head, which includes the conical connecting structure, the extended chute discharge head, the buffer plate, and the buffer ring, and adjusts the height and angle of the bulk loading head so that the flange interface of the conical bulk loading head is in a suitable connection state with the flange of the ship's canning port; under the full observation and supervision of the safety supervisor, the conical bulk loading head is slowly lowered so that the sealing surfaces of the two flanges naturally fit together, completing the initial connection.

[0009] Preferably, during the hoisting and positioning of the conical bulk loading head in S3 and its docking with the flange, if there is a misalignment of the flange interface, the on-site commander will coordinate with the loading personnel to fine-tune the ship's position until the flange interface is precisely aligned.

[0010] Preferably, the specific steps for completing the installation and sealing adaptation of the connecting shackles in the canning delivery mode in S4 are as follows: the equipment operator installs the connecting shackles in sequence according to the principle of symmetrical distribution to achieve a firm connection between the conical bulk head and the ship's canning port. The entire installation operation can be completed by a single person; check the installation position of the buffer plate and buffer ring at the bottom of the conical bulk head to reduce dust generation during delivery through the buffer structure; observe the sealing status at the flange connection to complete the adaptation verification after installation.

[0011] Preferably, during the sealing adaptation verification process in S4, if air leakage or poor sealing is found at the flange connection, subsequent operations must be stopped immediately, the connection shackles must be disassembled, the sealing gaskets must be inspected, and if the sealing gaskets are damaged, new adapter gaskets must be replaced. If there is debris or scratches on the flange sealing surface, it must be cleaned. After the cleaning is completed, the flange docking and connection shackle installation operations are repeated until the sealing condition meets the requirements.

[0012] Preferably, the specific implementation steps for removing the conical bulk loading head in the open-top delivery mode of S5 are as follows: The equipment operator first shuts down the dust collection system and the belt conveyor. After the system is completely stopped, the connecting shackles connecting the conical bulk loading head to the ship's loading port are disassembled in the reverse order of installation. The disassembled shackles are collected and stored. The electric hoist is started, and the conical bulk loading head is slowly lifted to remove it from the ship's loading port area. Under the guidance of the on-site commander, the lifted conical bulk loading head is moved to the designated storage location, slowly lowered and properly placed, completing the removal and storage of the conical bulk loading head.

[0013] Preferably, the specific implementation steps for completing the adaptation and adjustment of the dust collection system curtain in the open delivery mode in S6 are as follows: the operator checks the integrity of the curtain-type dust collection component; adjusts the operating status of the dust collection system so that the material release area formed by the curtain can generate a stable negative load; checks the operating status of the belt conveyor equipment and starts the belt conveyor for no-load test run; the safety supervisor conducts a comprehensive inspection of the work area, and after confirming that there are no safety hazards, completes the preparation for switching to the open mode.

[0014] Preferably, the specific implementation steps for starting the delivery operation and monitoring the equipment operation status in S7 are as follows: After the on-site commander confirms that the switching preparation is ready, he issues a delivery start command. The equipment operator starts the belt conveyor and dust collection system in sequence according to the operating procedures. The operators are assigned to monitor key parts, focusing on the negative pressure effect of the dust collection system, while also paying attention to the operating status of the belt conveyor and the stability of the equipment connection parts. The equipment operation is continuously monitored. If it is a canned delivery mode, the focus is on observing the sealing status of the conical bulk head connection and the working effect of the buffer structure. If it is an open delivery mode, the focus is on observing the sealing status of the curtain and the dust control effect. If it is necessary to switch the delivery mode during the operation, the machine must be stopped first and the switching operation must be re-executed according to the complete process from S1 to S6. The operation can only be restarted after all checks are qualified.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention clarifies the complete process of pre-operation preparation, dust collection system switching, conical bulk cargo head disassembly and assembly, equipment adaptation and adjustment, and operation monitoring. It standardizes the operation standards of each link, optimizes the adaptation logic between the dust collection system and the delivery mode, strengthens safety control and equipment monitoring during the operation, and realizes rapid, safe, and efficient switching between two delivery modes. It effectively solves various pain points in traditional switching methods, reduces manual labor intensity, improves the pertinence and effectiveness of dust control, ensures the safety of operators and the stability of equipment operation, significantly improves the adaptability and overall efficiency of bulk cargo delivery, and meets the rapid delivery needs of different ship types. 2. This invention enhances the stability and sealing of the canning delivery mode, ensuring the safety, efficiency, and environmental friendliness of canning delivery operations. The symmetrical installation of connecting shackles ensures a secure connection between the conical bulk loading head and the ship's canning port, preventing displacement or detachment of the bulk loading head during material transport due to loose connections. This prevents material leakage or operational interruptions, ensuring the continuity and stability of delivery operations. Checking and confirming the installation status of the buffer structure fully utilizes its buffering effect, reducing dust generated during material descent and minimizing the impact on equipment, extending equipment lifespan, and improving dust control. Observing the sealing status of the flange connections allows for timely detection and handling of sealing gaps or air leaks, preventing the negative pressure dust collection system from failing and ensuring dust is effectively controlled within a specified range, protecting the working environment. The entire operation can be completed without multiple people, significantly reducing manual labor intensity, shortening the overall time for mode switching, and improving the efficiency and reliability of canning delivery mode switching. 3. This invention avoids potential mechanical injuries and other safety accidents caused by dismantling operations while the equipment is running by shutting down the relevant equipment and waiting for the system to completely stop before operation, thus maximizing the personal safety of the operators. Disassembling the connecting shackles in the reverse order of installation and storing them uniformly not only prevents the loss, damage, or disorderly placement of parts, but also facilitates quick installation when switching back to the canning mode, improving the reuse rate of parts and the continuity of operations. Using an electric hoist to smoothly lift the conical bulk loading head and move it to the designated storage location avoids damage caused by collisions with other equipment during dismantling. The standardized storage method ensures a clean and orderly work area, avoiding safety hazards caused by haphazard placement of bulk loading heads, and frees up sufficient space for equipment adaptation and adjustment and operations in the subsequent open-top delivery mode, ensuring the smoothness and safety of switching operations and reducing the intensity of manual labor. 4. This invention, through integrity checks of the curtain-type dust collection components, can promptly detect and address issues such as curtain damage, entanglement, or jamming, ensuring the curtain can naturally drape to form a closed area. This provides a solid foundation for building a stable negative pressure environment and prevents dust spillage due to curtain failure. Adjusting the dust collection system's operating status ensures a compatible connection between the dust collection duct and the material channel, creating a stable negative pressure field that effectively absorbs dust generated during open-top material discharge, protecting the environmental quality of the work area and the health of workers. Through no-load testing of the conveyor belt, equipment malfunctions such as inflexible idler roller rotation, belt jamming, or abnormal noises can be identified in advance, preventing operational interruptions due to equipment problems during delivery and ensuring the stability and continuity of equipment operation. A comprehensive inspection by safety supervisors further identifies safety hazards in the work area, confirming that the conical bulk loading head is properly stored, the curtain components are properly fitted, and the dust collection system is operating stably, ensuring safe operation conditions for open-top delivery and improving the quality and safety of open-top delivery operations. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This invention provides the operational flow of a rapid switching method for bulk carrier tank loading and open-top delivery modes. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This invention provides the operational flow of a rapid switching method for bulk carrier tank loading and open-top delivery modes. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This invention provides the operational flow of a rapid switching method for bulk carrier tank loading and open-top delivery modes. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 This invention provides the operational flow of a rapid switching method for bulk carrier tank loading and open-top delivery modes. Figure 4 . Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0018] Please see Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution comprising the following steps: S1. Determine the target delivery mode based on the type of vessel to be loaded; S2. Adjust the adaptability of the dust collection device according to the target delivery mode; S3. If the shipment is in canister form, the conical bulk loading head will be hoisted and positioned to connect with the ship's canister opening. S4. Under the canned delivery mode, complete the sealing, fixing, and installation verification of the conical bulk head; S5. If it is an open-top delivery mode, perform the removal and repositioning of the conical bulk head; S6. Under the open-top delivery mode, complete the secondary adaptation and operation readiness check of the dust collection system. S7. Start the delivery operation and monitor the operating status of the equipment in real time after the switch.

[0019] In this embodiment, the specific steps for the pre-operation preparation work and clarifying the target delivery mode in S1 are as follows: Organize the operators to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the core equipment of the bulk cargo delivery system, focusing on verifying the integrity and good condition of the conical bulk loading head, including its height, conical connection structure, chute venting head, buffer plate and buffer ring, and confirming that there are no missing, deformed or damaged accessories such as connecting shackles, sealing gaskets, and lifting tools; check the operating status of the dust collection system (including duct valves, negative pressure generating device, and curtain assembly), belt conveyor equipment (including drive device and idler roller bracket), electric hoist and other auxiliary equipment to ensure that the electrical circuits of each device are normal and that the mechanical parts are not jammed; confirm the ship type, hatch size, loading requirements and other key information with the ship owner, and clarify the target delivery mode; divide the work of the operators, designate 1 on-site commander, 2 equipment operation specialists and 1 safety supervisor, conduct safety technical briefings, clarify the key points of operation, risk prevention and control measures and emergency response procedures for each position, complete the safety hazard investigation of the operation area, clear obstacles within the operation area and set up warning signs.

[0020] In this embodiment, the specific implementation steps of switching the dust collection system type according to the target delivery mode in S2 are as follows: If the target delivery mode is canned delivery, the operator switches the dust collection system to the inverted cone dust collection mode to ensure that the dust collection duct is completely separated from the material channel. A negative pressure environment is formed outside the canned ship hatch by relying on the chute duct to achieve dust suppression. If the target delivery mode is open delivery, the dust collection system is switched to the curtain dust collection mode to keep the dust collection duct and the material channel from being separated. A negative pressure zone is formed in the material discharge area by the curtain around the radiator to prevent dust from overflowing. At the same time, the unobstructedness of the dust collection system duct is checked to ensure that the dust collection function is adapted to the corresponding delivery mode.

[0021] In this embodiment, the specific steps for hoisting the conical bulk loading head and initially docking with the flange in the canned delivery mode of S3 are as follows: the on-site commander coordinates with the loading personnel to adjust the ship's mooring position so that the center line of the ship's canning port is aligned with the center line of the bulk delivery system's discharge port; the equipment operator starts the electric hoist to slowly lift the conical bulk loading head, which includes the conical connecting structure, the extended chute discharge head, the buffer plate, and the buffer ring, and adjusts the height and angle of the bulk loading head so that the flange interface of the conical bulk loading head is in a suitable docking state with the flange of the ship's canning port; under the full observation and supervision of the safety supervisor, the conical bulk loading head is slowly lowered so that the sealing surfaces of the two flanges naturally fit together, avoiding collisions that could damage the sealing components, thus completing the initial docking.

[0022] In this embodiment, during the hoisting and positioning of the conical bulk loading head and its docking with the flange in S3, if there is a misalignment of the flange interface, the on-site commander will coordinate with the loading personnel to fine-tune the ship's position, or the equipment operator will use an electric hoist to adjust the lateral position and angle of the conical bulk loading head until the flange interface is precisely aligned. Forced docking is strictly prohibited, as it may damage the conical bulk loading head flange, the ship's tank opening flange, or sealing components. This ensures that the docking process is safe and orderly.

[0023] In this embodiment, the specific steps for completing the installation and sealing adaptation of the connecting shackles in the canning delivery mode in S4 are as follows: The equipment operator installs the connecting shackles in sequence according to the principle of symmetrical distribution to achieve a firm connection between the conical bulk head and the ship's canning port. The entire installation operation can be completed by a single person. Check the installation position of the buffer plate and buffer ring at the bottom of the conical bulk head to ensure that the buffer plate and the bottom of the chute venting head are installed in place and that the buffer ring fits the edge of the buffer plate without loosening or displacement. The buffer structure reduces dust generation during delivery. Observe the sealing status of the flange connection to confirm that there is no gap or air leakage, and ensure that the negative pressure dust collection system can play an effective role. After completing the adaptation verification after installation, the entire canning mode switching operation takes only about 3 minutes per person.

[0024] In this embodiment, during the sealing adaptation verification process in S4, if air leakage or poor sealing is found at the flange connection, subsequent operations must be stopped immediately. The connection shackles must be disassembled, and the sealing gaskets must be checked for damage, and the flange sealing surface must be checked for debris or scratches. If the sealing gaskets are damaged, new matching gaskets must be replaced. If there is debris or scratches on the flange sealing surface, it must be cleaned. After the cleaning is completed, the flange docking and connection shackle installation operations are repeated until the sealing condition meets the requirements, ensuring that the negative pressure dust collection system can effectively play its role in dust suppression.

[0025] In this embodiment, the specific steps for performing the removal of the conical bulk loading head in the open-top delivery mode of S5 are as follows: The equipment operator first shuts down the dust collection system and the belt conveyor. After the system is completely stopped, the connecting shackles connecting the conical bulk loading head to the ship's tank opening are disassembled in the reverse order of installation. The disassembled shackles are collected and stored to avoid loss or damage. The electric hoist is started, and the conical bulk loading head is slowly lifted to remove it from the ship's tank opening area. Under the guidance of the on-site commander, the lifted conical bulk loading head is moved to the designated storage location, slowly lowered and properly placed, completing the removal and storage of the conical bulk loading head.

[0026] In this embodiment, the specific steps for adjusting the dust collection system curtain in the open-top delivery mode in S6 are as follows: Operators check the integrity of the curtain-type dust collection components to ensure that the curtains around the dispersing head are undamaged, tangled, or jammed, and can naturally fall to form a closed area; adjust the operating status of the dust collection system to ensure that the dust collection duct and material channel remain connected, so that the material discharge area formed by the curtain can generate a stable negative pressure, effectively curbing dust overflow; check the operating status of the belt conveyor, start the belt conveyor for no-load testing, and confirm that the idler rollers rotate flexibly, the belt runs smoothly, and there are no abnormal jams or noises; the safety supervisor conducts a comprehensive inspection of the work area, confirming that the conical bulk head has been safely stored, the curtain components are properly fitted, the dust collection system is operating normally, and there are no safety hazards, and then completes the preparation for switching to the open-top mode.

[0027] In this embodiment, the specific implementation steps for starting the delivery operation and monitoring the equipment operation status in S7 are as follows: After the on-site commander confirms that the switching preparation is ready, he issues the delivery start command. The equipment operator starts the belt conveyor and dust collection system in sequence according to the operating procedures. The operators are assigned to monitor key parts, focusing on the negative pressure effect of the dust collection system to ensure that dust is effectively controlled during the delivery process. At the same time, they pay attention to the operating status of the belt conveyor and the stability of the equipment connection parts. The equipment operation is continuously monitored. If it is a canned delivery mode, the focus is on observing the sealing status of the conical bulk head connection and the working effect of the buffer structure. If it is an open delivery mode, the focus is on observing the sealing status of the curtain and the dust control effect. If it is necessary to switch the delivery mode during the operation, the machine must be stopped first and the switching operation must be re-executed according to the complete process from S1 to S6. The operation can only be restarted after all checks are qualified.

[0028] In this embodiment, S1 pre-operation equipment inspection and target delivery mode confirmation: Fifteen minutes before the operation, three personnel are organized to conduct preliminary preparations, including one on-site supervisor, one equipment operator, and one safety supervisor. The equipment operator focuses on checking the integrity of the conical bulk head, confirming that the conical connection structure, chute discharge head, buffer plate, and buffer ring are free from deformation or damage, and that the connecting shackles, sealing gaskets, and other accessories are complete. Subsequently, the operator checks whether the dust collection system's duct valves, negative pressure generating device, and curtain assembly are normal, whether the electric hoist's lifting and moving functions are smooth, and whether the C0 belt conveyor water cleaner's liftable support and V-shaped cleaning mechanism are functioning properly. The equipment was free from jamming, the pneumatic gate valve at the tail of the inclined chute functioned effectively, and the air-cooled unit of the B-drive reducer of the C1 belt conveyor was operating normally. The safety supervisor communicated with the ship's crew to confirm that the arriving vessel was a tanker bulk carrier, clarified the hatch specifications and loading requirements, and determined that the target delivery mode was tanker delivery. After the on-site command divided the tasks, a safety technical briefing was conducted, emphasizing the key points of operation in critical links such as hoisting and docking, and sealing and fixing. The safety supervisor cleared obstacles in the work area, set up warning signs in the hoisting range and around the hatch, and completed the pre-operation preparations.

[0029] S2 switches the dust collection system type according to the target delivery mode: The on-site commander issued a command to switch the dust collection mode for canning and shipping. The equipment operator switched the dust collection system to the inverted cone dust collection mode through the on-site control panel, adjusted the air duct valves to a state where the dust collection air duct and the material channel were completely separated, and checked that there was no material accumulation or blockage inside the chute air duct to ensure smooth airflow circulation. This can form a stable negative pressure outside the canning ship hatch to suppress dust. At the same time, the interlock status of the dust collection system and the pneumatic gate valve at the tail of the inclined chute was checked to ensure that if the equipment fails and stops in subsequent operations, the pneumatic gate valve can close in time to prevent material from rushing in, thus building a safe and environmentally friendly operating foundation for the canning and shipping mode. Under the S3 canned delivery mode, the conical bulk head is hoisted and initially connected to the flange.

[0030] The on-site commander coordinated with the loading personnel via walkie-talkie to fine-tune the ship's mooring position, aligning the center line of the ship's tank opening with the discharge port of the bulk cargo delivery system. The equipment operator started the electric hoists on both sides of the gantry crane, slowly lifting the conical bulk loading head. By controlling the electric hoists, the height and angle of the bulk loading head were adjusted to ensure that the flange interface of the conical bulk loading head was on the same horizontal plane as the flange of the ship's tank opening, ensuring that the bolt hole positions were initially aligned. During the lifting process, the safety supervisor observed the condition of the bulk loading head throughout, promptly prompting the operator to make adjustments to avoid tilting and collisions. Finally, the bulk loading head was slowly lowered, allowing the sealing surfaces of the two flanges to naturally fit together, completing the initial connection.

[0031] Complete the connection shackle installation and sealing adaptation under the S4 canned delivery mode: Following a symmetrical distribution principle, the equipment operator installed the connecting shackles sequentially to ensure a secure connection between the conical bulk loading head and the ship's filling port. The entire installation process was completed independently by a single person. The operator then checked the installation positions of the buffer plate and buffer ring, confirming a tight fit between the buffer plate and the bottom of the chute's venting head, and that the buffer ring remained secure and without any loosening or displacement. This buffer structure reduces dust and equipment impact during material descent. The on-site supervisor observed the sealing condition of the flange connections, confirming no gaps or air leaks, ensuring the negative pressure environment created by the dust collection system remained effective. Simultaneously, the overall stability of the conical bulk loading head after installation was verified; shaking it by hand showed no significant displacement, and the electric hoist had completely unloaded and the hook had separated, completing the filling mode adaptation verification.

[0032] S5 performs the cone-shaped bulk head removal operation. Alternative procedure: If switching to open-top shipping mode subsequently occurs: If the next arriving vessel is an open bulk carrier, the system must be switched to open-top delivery mode. The equipment operator should first shut down the dust collection system and belt conveyor. After the system has completely stopped and the pressure has been released, the connecting shackles should be disassembled in the reverse order of installation and placed in a special storage box. Then, the electric hoist should be started to slowly lift the conical bulk head. After it is raised above the work area, it should be moved to the designated storage position under the guidance of the on-site commander. It should be slowly lowered to the storage bracket and locked with the fixing pin to prevent it from tipping over. At the same time, the chute head should be returned to its initial position and the lifting ropes and connecting cables should be tidied up.

[0033] Complete the adaptation and adjustment of the dust collection system's diaphragm curtain in S6 open-top delivery mode: The equipment operator switches the dust collection system to the curtain-type dust collection mode, ensuring the dust collection duct and material channel remain connected. They check the curtains around the radiator for damage or tangling, ensuring they fall naturally to form a closed discharge area. Then, they start the C0 belt conveyor water cleaner, using an electric hoist to pull the lifting frame to a horizontal position. The operator operates the cylinder to ensure the V-shaped cleaner makes close contact with the belt, turning on the belt conveyor to remove residual water and prevent material from becoming damp and clumping. Simultaneously, they start the C1 belt conveyor for a no-load test run, confirming the idler rollers rotate freely, the B-drive reducer's air-cooling device is working properly, and the reducer temperature is stable within a safe range. The safety supervisor conducts a comprehensive inspection, confirming the conical bulk head is properly stored, the curtains are well-sealed, the dust collection system is operating normally, and there are no safety hazards. After confirming the open mode switch is complete, the system is ready.

[0034] S7 initiates delivery operations and monitors equipment operating status: Upon receiving the readiness signal, the on-site commander issues a delivery start command. The equipment operator first starts the dust collection system, and after the negative pressure stabilizes, starts the belt conveyor, gradually adjusting the conveying speed to the appropriate level. During the operation, the equipment operator monitors the working status of the conical bulk head (canning mode) or the curtain (open mode) and pays attention to whether the belt conveyor runs smoothly. The safety supervisor records the temperature of the C1 belt conveyor reducer every 10 minutes, observes the dust control effect of the dust collection system, and monitors the interlocking status of the pneumatic gate valve at the tail of the inclined chute. If it is necessary to switch the delivery mode during the operation, the machine is stopped immediately, and the switching operation is repeated according to the complete process from S1 to S6. The operation is restarted only after all checks are qualified, ensuring safe, continuous, and efficient operation throughout the entire process.

[0035] This implementation, through a standardized seven-step operation process, enabled rapid switching between canned and open-top delivery modes. Switching between canned and open-top modes took only 3 minutes per person, and less than 5 minutes, significantly reducing operation time compared to traditional methods. The dust collection system was precisely adapted to each mode: the canned mode used separate air duct negative pressure, while the open-top mode used a sealed negative pressure curtain, effectively controlling dust spillage and meeting environmental protection requirements. During operation, no close contact with hazardous areas was required, and remote visual monitoring eliminated safety hazards such as falls and drowning. Simultaneously, the coordinated operation of equipment such as the inclined chute pneumatic gate valve and the C1 belt conveyor air-cooling device prevented material spillage and equipment overheating, reducing manual labor intensity, stabilizing delivery output, and fully validating the practicality and reliability of this switching method.

[0036] Working Principle: Comprehensive preparation and precise positioning in the early stages establish a safe and orderly foundation for subsequent mode-switching operations. From an equipment perspective, a comprehensive inspection is conducted on the conical bulk loading head, dust collection system, belt conveyor equipment, and related accessories. This aims to preemptively eliminate potential problems such as equipment damage, missing parts, or malfunctions, ensuring all equipment involved in the operation has a stable operating basis and avoiding process interruptions or safety risks due to equipment failure. Confirming the target delivery mode with the shipping company essentially eliminates operational deviations caused by information asymmetry by clarifying operational requirements and adaptation standards, ensuring all subsequent operations are carried out around the established goals. Dividing personnel into roles and conducting safety and technical briefings, adhering to the principles of clear responsibilities and proactive risk management, ensures each operator understands operational boundaries and safety points, improving collaboration efficiency. Cleaning the work area and setting up warning signs optimizes the working environment, spatially mitigating safety hazards such as collisions and interference. Based on the dust generation characteristics of different shipping modes, precise dust control is achieved by adapting corresponding dust collection structures and operating logic. In the canning shipping mode, the dust collection system switches to an inverted cone type. Its core principle is to utilize the separation design of the dust collection duct and the material channel, relying on the chute duct to create a negative pressure environment outside the canning ship hatch. The pressure difference attracts dust to the dust collection system, preventing dust overflow at the source, thus adapting to the highly enclosed nature of canning operations. In the open-top shipping mode, a curtain-type dust collection system is switched to. The principle is that the curtain naturally falls to form a relatively enclosed discharge area, maintaining the connection between the dust collection duct and the material channel. A stable negative pressure is formed within the enclosed area, and the pressure difference attracts dust generated during the discharge process, meeting the requirements. Dust control is required in open-air operations without fixed enclosed spaces; the unobstructed flow of the dust collection system's ducts must be checked; through coordinated operation and precise positioning, a smooth and precise fit between the conical bulk loading head and the ship's filling port must be achieved, providing a structural foundation for subsequent sealing and fixing; on-site supervisors coordinate and adjust the ship's position, essentially aligning the ship's filling port with the discharge outlet of the delivery system to provide a precise positioning reference for the bulk loading head docking; equipment operators control the raising, lowering, and angle adjustment of the conical bulk loading head using an electric hoist, utilizing the controllability of the electric hoist to achieve smooth movement of the bulk loading head, precisely matching the position and angle of the filling port, avoiding positioning deviations and safety risks caused by manual handling; ensuring a natural fit between the flange sealing surfaces, the core principle being to avoid Forced docking may damage the sealing surface or gasket. Ensure the integrity of the contact surfaces to create favorable conditions for subsequent sealing adaptation. A safety supervisor oversees the entire process. Secure connections and seals ensure a stable, airtight channel for canned goods delivery, balancing operational stability and environmental friendliness. Install connecting shackles according to a symmetrical distribution principle. This utilizes the characteristic of symmetrical force distribution to create a uniform and stable connection structure between the conical bulk loading head and the ship's canning opening, preventing loosening and displacement of the bulk loading head due to uneven force during material transport, thus ensuring operational continuity. Check the installation status of the buffer disc and buffer ring. This buffer structure reduces the impact force when materials fall, minimizing dust generation and reducing wear on the equipment. Extend equipment lifespan; observe the sealing condition of flange connections; eliminate obstruction of open-top shipping by canning equipment through safe and orderly dismantling and storage, while ensuring the safety of equipment and the working environment; shut down the dust collection system and belt conveyor before operation and wait for the machine to stop, the principle of which is to avoid dismantling operations while the equipment is running, prevent safety accidents such as collisions and entanglement caused by mechanical movement, and ensure the personal safety of operators; disassemble the connecting shackles in the reverse order of installation, the principle of which is to follow the reverse logic of equipment assembly, avoid damage to parts or the equipment body caused by forced dismantling, and at the same time, store the shackles in a unified manner to ensure that the parts are intact and easy to reuse later; use an electric hoist to lift the conical bulk loading head and move it to the designated position;For the characteristics of open-top shipping operations, the dust collection system's adaptability and equipment operating status are optimized to ensure dust control and operational stability. The integrity of the curtain-type dust collection components is checked; its principle is to ensure the curtain can naturally drape to form a continuous closed area, providing a structural foundation for creating a negative pressure environment and preventing dust overflow due to curtain damage or entanglement. The dust collection system's operating status is adjusted to maintain the dust collection duct and material channel from separating. This allows airflow to circulate within the closed area formed by the curtain, creating a stable negative pressure field through a negative pressure generator, and using the pressure difference to adsorb dust generated during material discharge. The belt conveyor is started for idle testing. The system employs sequential startup, precise monitoring, and dynamic adjustments to ensure continuous, safe, and efficient delivery operations after the switchover. Following operating procedures, the belt conveyor and dust collection system are started sequentially. This avoids excessive electrical load or mechanical shock caused by simultaneous startup, allowing the equipment to smoothly transition from a static to an operational state, extending equipment lifespan, and ensuring operational continuity. Personnel are assigned to monitor key areas. This approach is based on identifying core risk points in different equipment and operational stages, achieving comprehensive, blind-spot-free status monitoring to ensure timely detection of abnormalities such as poor dust collection, loose equipment connections, and dust overflow. Specific monitoring focuses are defined for different delivery modes.

[0037] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their likenesses.

[0038] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on bulk carriers, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Determine the target delivery mode based on the type of vessel to be loaded; S2. Adjust the adaptability of the dust collection device according to the target delivery mode; S3. If the shipment is in canister form, the conical bulk loading head will be hoisted and positioned to connect with the ship's canister opening. S4. Under the canned delivery mode, complete the sealing, fixing, and installation verification of the conical bulk head; S5. If it is an open-top delivery mode, perform the removal and repositioning of the conical bulk head; S6. Under the open-top delivery mode, complete the secondary adaptation and operation readiness check of the dust collection system. S7. Start the delivery operation and monitor the operating status of the equipment in real time after the switch.

2. The method for rapid switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on a bulk carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for pre-operation preparation and clarifying the target delivery mode in S1 are as follows: Organize operators to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the core equipment of the bulk cargo delivery system, focusing on verifying the integrity and good condition of the conical bulk loading head; check the operating status of auxiliary equipment such as the dust collection system, belt conveyor equipment, and electric hoists; confirm key information such as ship type, hatch size, and loading requirements with the ship owner, and clarify the target delivery mode; divide the work of operators, conduct safety and technical briefings, clarify the key points of operation for each position, risk prevention and control measures and emergency response procedures, complete the safety hazard investigation of the operation area, clear obstacles within the operation area, and set up warning signs.

3. The method for rapid switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on a bulk carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific implementation steps for switching the dust collection system type according to the target delivery mode in S2 are as follows: If the target delivery mode is canned delivery, the operator switches the dust collection system to the inverted cone dust collection mode, relying on the chute duct to create a negative pressure environment outside the canned ship hatch to suppress dust; if the target delivery mode is open delivery, the dust collection system is switched to the curtain dust collection mode, keeping the dust collection duct and material channel inseparable, and forming a negative pressure zone in the material discharge area through the curtain around the radiator head to prevent dust from overflowing, while checking the unobstructedness of the dust collection system duct.

4. The method for rapid switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on a bulk carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for hoisting the conical bulk loading head and initially connecting the flange in the S3 tank loading mode are as follows: On-site supervisors coordinate with loading personnel to adjust the ship's berthing position, ensuring the centerline of the ship's tank loading port is aligned with the centerline of the bulk cargo delivery system's discharge port; equipment operators start the electric hoist to slowly lift the conical bulk loading head, which includes the conical connecting structure, extended chute, and buffer plate / ring, adjusting the height and angle of the bulk loading head to ensure the flange interface of the conical bulk loading head is properly matched with the ship's tank loading port flange; under the full observation and supervision of the safety supervisor, the conical bulk loading head is slowly lowered, allowing the sealing surfaces of the two flanges to naturally fit together, completing the initial connection.

5. The method for rapid switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on a bulk carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: If there is a misalignment of the flange interface during the hoisting, positioning, and flange docking of the conical bulk loading head in S3, the on-site commander will coordinate with the loading personnel to fine-tune the ship's position until the flange interface is precisely aligned.

6. The method for rapid switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on a bulk carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for completing the installation and sealing adaptation of the connecting shackles in the S4 canning delivery mode are as follows: The equipment operator installs the connecting shackles in sequence according to the principle of symmetrical distribution to achieve a firm connection between the conical bulk head and the ship's canning opening. The entire installation operation can be completed by a single person; check the installation position of the buffer plate and buffer ring at the bottom of the conical bulk head to reduce dust generation during delivery through the buffer structure; observe the sealing status at the flange connection to complete the adaptation verification after installation.

7. A method for rapidly switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on a bulk carrier according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the sealing adaptation verification process in S4, if air leakage is found at the flange connection, subsequent operations must be stopped immediately, the connection shackles must be disassembled, and the sealing gaskets must be inspected. If the sealing gaskets are damaged, they must be replaced with new adapter gaskets. If there is debris or scratches on the flange sealing surface, they must be cleaned. After the cleaning is completed, the flange docking and connection shackle installation operations must be performed again until the sealing condition meets the requirements.

8. The method for rapid switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on a bulk carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for removing the conical bulk loading head in the open-top delivery mode of S5 are as follows: The equipment operator first shuts down the dust collection system and the belt conveyor. After the system is completely stopped, the operator disassembles the connecting shackles between the conical bulk loading head and the ship's loading port in the reverse order of installation, and collects and stores the removed shackles. The electric hoist is started to slowly lift the conical bulk loading head and remove it from the ship's loading port area. Under the guidance of the on-site supervisor, the lifted conical bulk loading head is moved to the designated storage location, slowly lowered and properly placed, completing the removal and storage of the conical bulk loading head.

9. A method for rapidly switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on a bulk carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific implementation steps for adapting and adjusting the dust collection system curtain in the open delivery mode of S6 are as follows: the operator checks the integrity of the curtain-type dust collection component; adjusts the operating status of the dust collection system so that the material discharge area formed by the curtain can generate a stable negative pressure; checks the operating status of the belt conveyor equipment and starts the belt conveyor for no-load test run; the safety supervisor conducts a comprehensive inspection of the work area, and after confirming that there are no safety hazards, the preparation for switching to the open mode is completed.

10. A method for rapidly switching between tank loading and open-top delivery modes on a bulk carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps for initiating the delivery operation and monitoring the equipment operation status in S7 are as follows: After the on-site commander confirms that the switching preparation is ready, the delivery start command is issued. The equipment operator starts the belt conveyor and dust collection system in sequence according to the operating procedures. The operators are assigned to monitor key parts, focusing on the negative pressure effect of the dust collection system, while also paying attention to the operating status of the belt conveyor and the stability of the equipment connection parts. The equipment operation is continuously monitored. If it is a canned delivery mode, the focus is on observing the sealing status of the conical bulk head connection and the working effect of the buffer structure. If it is an open delivery mode, the focus is on observing the sealing status of the curtain and the dust control effect. If it is necessary to switch the delivery mode during the operation, the machine must be stopped first and the switching operation must be re-executed according to the complete process from S1 to S6. The operation can only be restarted after all checks are qualified.

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