A basement nonlinear multi-gradient floor construction device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, and discloses a nonlinear multi-gradient flooring construction device and method for basements. The device includes a housing and a vibrating ruler. A laser emitter is rotatably mounted inside the housing, and a laser receiver is fixedly connected to the vibrating ruler. The tilt angle of the laser emitter relative to the horizontal plane is the same as the tilt angle of the laser receiver relative to the horizontal plane. During construction, the housing is fixed at the gradient change point of the base layer. The tilt angle of the laser emitter is precisely adjusted by a gear and rack linkage mechanism driven by a motor, emitting an inclined laser reference plane parallel to the designed slope and at a preset height. The laser receiver is fixed to the vibrating ruler and calibrated before vibration and leveling. The height of the concrete surface is judged by the positive or negative reading and corrected immediately. The same method is used for accuracy correction during the second troweling. This invention uses an inclined laser reference plane instead of traditional mortar spots, overcoming the limitation of existing laser leveling equipment that can only provide a horizontal reference plane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building construction technology, and in particular to a nonlinear multi-gradient flooring construction device and method for basements. Background Technology

[0002] With the expansion of urban underground space development, the functional requirements for basement floors in buildings such as commercial complexes and large underground parking garages are increasing. To achieve orderly drainage and meet the needs of different functional zones, underground space floors often need to be designed as complex shapes with multiple slopes and non-linear boundaries between slope areas, i.e., non-linear multi-gradient floors. The accuracy of elevation and slope control for such floors directly affects drainage performance and usability, placing stringent demands on construction techniques.

[0003] Currently, basement floor construction commonly uses the method of creating mortar screeds and screeds to determine elevation and slope. This involves first creating height reference blocks on the ground using mortar, and then using these as a reference for concrete pouring and leveling. However, mortar screeds themselves have low strength and limited adhesion to the substrate, making them easily disturbed or damaged during multi-trade operations. Once damaged, the elevation reference becomes invalid, and subsequent work relies solely on experience, leading to deviations in elevation and slope, especially in non-linear areas with complex slope variations, resulting in high rework rates. Furthermore, while some existing laser leveling equipment can assist in leveling, their laser emitters can only provide a horizontal reference surface and cannot establish parallel, corresponding inclined reference surfaces for each slope of a non-linear, multi-gradient floor, thus significantly limiting elevation control for complex slope shapes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a nonlinear multi-gradient floor construction device and method for basements, which aims to improve the problem that traditional mortar spots are easily disturbed and damaged, leading to inaccurate elevation benchmarks.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a basement nonlinear multi-gradient floor construction device, comprising a shell and a vibrating ruler. The shell is disposed at the gradient change point of the base layer, and a laser emitter is rotatably installed in the shell. The vibrating ruler is disposed above the floor layer, and a laser receiver is fixedly connected to the side of the vibrating ruler near the laser emitter. The laser emitter is used to emit an inclined laser reference plane parallel to the designed floor slope. The laser receiver is fixed on the vibrating ruler to receive the inclined laser reference plane and provide feedback on the elevation reading.

[0006] Preferably, a first gear and a second gear are rotatably mounted inside the housing, the first gear meshing with the second gear, the second gear meshing with a rack, a vertically arranged guide rod is fixedly mounted inside the housing, the guide rod passes through the rack and is slidably connected to the rack; a mounting bracket is provided on the side of the rack away from the second gear, the mounting bracket is horizontally slidably connected to the rack, a linkage block is rotatably connected inside the mounting bracket, the end of the linkage block away from the mounting bracket is rotatably connected to the housing, and the laser emitter is fixedly connected to the end of the linkage block away from the mounting bracket.

[0007] One end of the gear shaft is connected to a motor, and the motor is fixedly installed on the outer side of the housing.

[0008] A method for constructing a nonlinear multi-gradient floor in a basement, comprising the nonlinear multi-gradient floor construction device for a basement as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0009] S1: Predetermine the thickness, gradient value, concrete strength grade, and steel reinforcement specifications for each area of ​​the floor;

[0010] S2: Remove debris and dirt from the base surface, repair cracks and potholes, and grind and scratch the base surface;

[0011] S3: Locate gradient change points on the base surface according to the design drawings, connect the points on the same gradient change line, and pop up the gradient change marker line;

[0012] S4: Place the housing at the gradient change marking line of the base layer, level and fix it, drive the laser emitter to rotate to the tilt angle corresponding to the design gradient by the motor, and turn on the laser emitter to form the elevation control reference surface;

[0013] S5: Lay steel mesh on the base layer according to the design drawings;

[0014] S6: Pour concrete, fix the laser receiver on the vibrating ruler and calibrate it, and put the bottom of the vibrating ruler in close contact with the concrete surface to carry out vibration and leveling operations. Check the laser receiver reading in real time to control the concrete surface elevation.

[0015] S7: After the initial completion of the concrete floor, fix the laser receiver on the trowel and calibrate it. Perform a second troweling on the floor surface and check the laser receiver reading to correct the floor gradient and flatness.

[0016] S8: Perform curing treatment on the completed floor.

[0017] Preferably, the specific steps for the motor-driven laser emitter to rotate to the tilt angle corresponding to the design gradient are as follows: the motor drives gear one to rotate, gear one drives gear two to rotate, gear two drives the rack to slide vertically along the guide rod, the rack pushes and pulls the linkage block through the mounting bracket, the linkage block swings around its rotation connection point with the housing, thereby driving the laser emitter to rotate synchronously to the tilt angle corresponding to the design gradient.

[0018] Preferably, the laser emitted by the laser emitter is at a predetermined distance above the top surface of the designed floor layer, and the tilt angle of the laser is parallel to the floor layer.

[0019] Preferably, the specific process of real-time monitoring of the laser receiver reading to control the concrete surface elevation is as follows: after the laser receiver receives the elevation control reference plane signal emitted by the laser transmitter, a reading of zero indicates that the concrete surface has reached the design elevation; a positive reading indicates that the concrete surface is too high and the vibratory ruler needs to be pressed down to scrape off the excess concrete; a negative reading indicates that the concrete surface is too low and concrete needs to be filled. Through repeated vibration, leveling, and filling, the elevation of the concrete surface in the entire construction area is kept at a constant distance from the elevation control reference plane.

[0020] Preferably, the fixed height of the laser receiver on the vibrating ruler is adjustable, and the fixed height can be adjusted to adapt to the elevation control of the ground with different design thicknesses.

[0021] Preferably, the motor is a stepper motor or a worm gear reducer motor with a self-locking function, which automatically locks the tilt angle of the laser emitter after adjustment to prevent tilt angle drift caused by vibration during concrete compaction.

[0022] Preferably, the specific process of the secondary troweling and accuracy correction is as follows: the laser receiver is removed from the vibrating ruler, fixed on the troweling tool and recalibrated, and the troweling tool is used to perform secondary troweling on the floor surface; at the non-linear gradient boundary, the concrete at the junction of adjacent slopes is smoothly transitioned by repeated troweling, while the laser receiver reading is checked to correct the floor gradient and flatness.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. This invention uses a transmission chain consisting of a motor-driven gear one, gear two, rack and linkage block to precisely adjust the tilt angle of the laser emitter and establish an inclined laser reference surface that is completely parallel to the designed slope. This not only replaces the traditional mortar cake and fundamentally avoids the elevation reference being disturbed and destroyed, but also overcomes the limitation of existing laser leveling equipment that can only provide a horizontal reference surface and cannot establish independent elevation references for each slope of a nonlinear multi-gradient ground.

[0025] 2. This invention, by fixing the laser receiver to the vibrating ruler and establishing a consistent tilt angle, transforms the leveling operation from relying on experience and visual inspection to real-time numerical guidance. A reading of zero indicates that the standard has been met, a positive reading indicates that it is too high and needs to be scraped off, and a negative reading indicates that it is too low and needs to be replenished, which effectively improves the construction accuracy and efficiency. In the secondary troweling stage, the same method is used to correct the accuracy, and repeated troweling is performed at the nonlinear gradient boundary to achieve a smooth transition between adjacent slopes, ensuring the drainage function and surface smoothness of the floor. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the floor construction method in this invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a logic diagram for elevation control and real-time leveling.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the construction site before tilt adjustment;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the construction site after tilt adjustment.

[0030] Figure 5 A three-dimensional diagram of the construction equipment;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the construction device;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a top-view cross-sectional view of the construction device located at the laser emitter.

[0033] Legend:

[0034] 1. Base layer; 2. Floor layer; 3. Shell; 4. Gear 1; 5. Gear 2; 6. Rack; 7. Guide rod; 8. Mounting bracket; 9. Linkage block; 10. Laser emitter; 11. Motor; 12. Vibration ruler; 13. Laser receiver. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Reference Figures 1-7 A nonlinear multi-gradient floor construction device for basements includes a housing 3 and a vibrating ruler 12. The housing 3 is positioned at the gradient change point of the base layer 1, and a laser emitter 10 is rotatably mounted inside the housing 3. A laser receiver 13 is fixedly connected to the vibrating ruler 12 on the side near the laser emitter 10. The laser emitter 10 is used to emit an inclined laser reference plane parallel to the designed floor slope; the laser receiver 13 is fixed to the vibrating ruler 12 to receive the inclined laser reference plane and provide a feedback elevation reading.

[0036] Gear 4 and gear 5 are rotatably mounted inside housing 3, and the two mesh with each other. Gear 5 meshes with rack 6. A vertically arranged guide rod 7 is fixedly installed inside housing 3, passing through rack 6 and slidably connected to rack 6, providing vertical sliding guidance for rack 6.

[0037] A mounting bracket 8 is provided on the side of rack 6 away from gear 5, and the mounting bracket 8 is horizontally slidably connected to rack 6. This horizontal sliding connection is crucial to ensuring the normal movement of the mechanism: the linkage block 9 is a rigid component with a fixed length, one end of which is rotatably connected to the mounting bracket 8, and the other end is rotatably connected to the housing 3. When rack 6 slides vertically along guide rod 7 and swings by pushing and pulling linkage block 9 through mounting bracket 8, the projected distance between the two ends of linkage block 9 in the horizontal direction will change with the swing angle. If mounting bracket 8 is rigidly fixed to rack 6, this change in horizontal distance cannot be absorbed, and the mechanism will jam or generate severe internal stress. By setting mounting bracket 8 to slide horizontally relative to rack 6, this change in horizontal distance is adaptively compensated, ensuring smooth transmission and ensuring that laser emitter 10 can be accurately adjusted to the predetermined tilt angle.

[0038] The laser emitter 10 is fixedly connected to the end of the linkage block 9 away from the mounting bracket 8, and swings synchronously with the linkage block 9.

[0039] One end of the shaft of gear 4 is connected to a motor 11, which is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the housing 3. The motor 11 drives the rack 6 to slide along the guide rod 7 through gear 4 and gear 5. The rack 6 drives the linkage block 9 to swing through the mounting bracket 8. The linkage block 9 drives the laser emitter 10 to rotate around its connection point with the housing 3, thereby realizing the tilt angle adjustment.

[0040] Motor 11 is a stepper motor or worm gear reducer motor with a self-locking function. After adjustment, motor 11 is powered off, and its internal mechanism automatically locks gear 4, thereby locking the entire transmission chain and the tilt angle of laser emitter 10. In subsequent pouring and vibration operations, the vibrator 12 is a strong vibration source. If the tilt angle of laser emitter 10 drifts during vibration, the previously established elevation control reference surface will become inaccurate, causing all leveling to fail. This self-locking function is specifically designed to cope with this strong vibration construction environment.

[0041] The fixed height of the laser receiver 13 on the vibrating ruler 12 is adjustable to adapt to different design thicknesses of the floor. The vibrating ruler 12 is equipped with a vertical mounting rod. The laser receiver 13 is fixed by a loose and adjustable clamp. After loosening, it can slide up and down to change the fixed position. After reaching the target height, it is locked.

[0042] During construction, preparation begins by determining the thickness, gradient value, concrete strength grade, and steel reinforcement specifications for each area of ​​the floor, creating a construction parameter table, and clearly defining the coordinates of each gradient change line. Next, the base layer is treated, removing debris and dirt, repairing cracks and potholes, and grinding and scratching the base layer to increase concrete adhesion. Then, the gradient change points are located and marked: based on the design drawings, gradient change points are located on the base layer, and points on the same gradient change line are connected with ink lines to create gradient change marker lines.

[0043] After the layout is completed, install the gradient control device. Place the housing 3 at the gradient change marker line of the base layer 1, aligning one side of the laser emitter 10 with the marker line. Adjust the housing 3 to a horizontal state and then fix it. The motor 11 drives gear 4 to rotate, which in turn drives rack 6 to slide vertically along guide rod 7 via gear 5. Rack 6 swings by pushing and pulling linkage block 9 through mounting bracket 8. During this process, mounting bracket 8 adaptively slides horizontally relative to rack 6 to compensate for the change in horizontal distance caused by the swing of linkage block 9. Linkage block 9 drives laser emitter 10 to rotate to the tilt angle corresponding to the designed gradient. Thus, through the transmission chain composed of gear 4, gear 5, rack 6, mounting bracket 8, and linkage block 9, the rotational motion of motor 11 is precisely converted into the angular swing of laser emitter 10, realizing tilt angle adjustment. When motor 11 is powered off, it self-locks, and laser emitter 10 is activated to emit laser light. The laser surface is parallel to the designed ground slope and is higher than the designed ground surface by a preset distance, forming an elevation control reference surface. The key here is that, unlike existing laser leveling equipment which can only provide an absolute horizontal reference surface, this solution establishes an inclined reference surface that is completely parallel to the design slope through an inclination adjustment mechanism, so that the elevation control of each slope of the nonlinear multi-gradient floor can obtain an independent reference that precisely corresponds to its respective design slope.

[0044] After the reference surface is established, a steel mesh is laid on the base layer 1 according to the design drawings. The steel mesh at the gradient change section is bent according to the design slope. Then, concrete is poured, and the laser receiver 13 is fixed to the vibrating ruler 12 and calibrated: the bottom surface of the vibrating ruler 12 is placed at the reference point with a known design elevation, the clamp is released, and the laser receiver 13 is slid up and down. When the reading returns to zero, the clamp is locked, thus establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the bottom surface of the vibrating ruler and the zero point of the laser receiver. After calibration, the bottom surface of the vibrating ruler 12 is pressed against the concrete surface for vibration and leveling. The operator monitors the reading of the laser receiver 13 in real time: a reading of zero indicates that the concrete surface has reached the design elevation; a positive reading indicates that the concrete surface is too high, and the vibrating ruler 12 needs to be pressed down to remove excess concrete; a negative reading indicates that the concrete surface is too low, and concrete needs to be added before vibration and leveling again. The logic behind the above reading judgment is as follows: the laser emitter 10 has emitted a laser reference plane that is parallel to the design slope and at a preset distance. After the laser receiver 13 is calibrated, its zero point exactly corresponds to this preset distance. Therefore, the positive or negative reading directly reflects the height deviation of the concrete surface relative to the design elevation. By repeatedly performing the above operation throughout the entire construction area, the elevation of the concrete surface at each location is kept at a constant distance from the elevation control reference plane.

[0045] After the initial completion of the concrete floor, the laser receiver 13 is removed from the vibrating ruler 12, fixed to the trowel, and recalibrated using the same method as described above. The floor surface is then troweled a second time, while the laser receiver 13 reading is checked to correct the floor gradient and flatness. At the non-linear gradient boundaries, i.e., the junctions of different slope areas, repeated troweling is used to smoothly transition the concrete at the junction of adjacent slopes, eliminating joint marks and ensuring that the elevations on both sides of the boundary meet their respective design slope requirements. Finally, the completed floor is cured.

Claims

1. A nonlinear multi-gradient floor construction device for basements, comprising a shell (3) and a vibrating ruler (12), characterized in that, The housing (3) is located at the gradient change point of the base layer (1), and a laser emitter (10) is rotatably installed in the housing (3); the vibration ruler (12) is located above the floor layer (2), and a laser receiver (13) is fixedly connected to the side of the vibration ruler (12) near the laser emitter (10). The laser emitter (10) is used to emit an inclined laser reference plane parallel to the designed floor slope; the laser receiver (13) is fixed on the vibration ruler (12) to receive the inclined laser reference plane and provide feedback on the elevation reading.

2. The basement nonlinear multi-gradient floor construction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Gear 1 (4) and Gear 2 (5) are rotatably installed inside the housing (3). Gear 1 (4) meshes with Gear 2 (5). Gear 2 (5) meshes with a rack (6). A vertically arranged guide rod (7) is fixedly installed inside the housing (3). The guide rod (7) passes through the rack (6) and is slidably connected to the rack (6). A mounting bracket (8) is provided on the side of the rack (6) away from Gear 2 (5). The mounting bracket (8) is horizontally slidably connected to the rack (6). A linkage block (9) is rotatably connected inside the mounting bracket (8). The end of the linkage block (9) away from the mounting bracket (8) is rotatably connected to the housing (3). The laser emitter (10) is fixedly connected to the end of the linkage block (9) away from the mounting bracket (8).

3. The basement nonlinear multi-gradient floor construction device according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the shaft of the gear (4) is connected to a motor (11), and the motor (11) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the housing (3).

4. A method for constructing a nonlinear multi-gradient floor in a basement, comprising the nonlinear multi-gradient floor construction device for a basement as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Predetermine the thickness, gradient value, concrete strength grade, and steel reinforcement specifications for each area of ​​the floor; S2: Remove debris and dirt from the base layer (1) ground, repair cracks and pits, and grind and scratch the base layer (1) ground; S3: Locate gradient change points on the base (1) ground according to the design drawings, connect the points on the same gradient change line, and pop up the gradient change mark line; S4: Place the housing (3) at the gradient change marking line of the base layer (1), level and fix it, drive the laser emitter (10) to rotate to the tilt angle corresponding to the design gradient through the motor (11), and turn on the laser emitter (10) to form the elevation control reference surface; S5: Lay a steel mesh on the base layer (1) according to the design drawings; S6: Pour concrete, fix the laser receiver (13) on the vibrating ruler (12) and calibrate it. The bottom surface of the vibrating ruler (12) is close to the concrete surface for vibration and leveling operations. Check the reading of the laser receiver (13) in real time to control the concrete surface elevation. S7: After the initial completion of the concrete floor, fix the laser receiver (13) on the trowel and calibrate it. Perform a second troweling on the floor surface and check the reading of the laser receiver (13) to correct the floor gradient and flatness. S8: Perform curing treatment on the completed floor.

5. The method for constructing a nonlinear multi-gradient floor in a basement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific steps for the motor (11) to drive the laser emitter (10) to rotate to the tilt angle corresponding to the design gradient are as follows: the motor (11) drives gear one (4) to rotate, gear one (4) drives gear two (5) to rotate, gear two (5) drives rack (6) to slide vertically along guide rod (7), rack (6) pushes and pulls linkage block (9) through mounting bracket (8), linkage block (9) swings around its rotation connection point with housing (3), thereby driving laser emitter (10) to rotate synchronously to the tilt angle corresponding to the design gradient.

6. The method for constructing a nonlinear multi-gradient floor in a basement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The laser emitted by the laser emitter (10) is at a predetermined distance above the top surface of the designed floor layer (2), and the tilt angle of the laser is parallel to that of the floor layer (2).

7. The method for constructing a nonlinear multi-gradient floor in a basement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific process of controlling the concrete surface elevation by real-time viewing of the laser receiver (13) reading is as follows: After the laser receiver (13) receives the elevation control reference surface signal emitted by the laser transmitter (10), if the reading is zero, it means that the concrete surface has reached the design elevation; if the reading is positive, it means that the concrete surface is too high and the vibrating ruler (12) needs to be pressed down to scrape off the excess concrete; if the reading is negative, it means that the concrete surface is too low and concrete needs to be filled. Through repeated vibration, leveling and filling, the elevation of the concrete surface in the entire construction area is kept at a constant distance from the elevation control reference surface.

8. The method for constructing a nonlinear multi-gradient floor in a basement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixed height of the laser receiver (13) on the vibration ruler (12) is adjustable, and the fixed height can be adjusted to adapt to the elevation control of the ground with different design thicknesses.

9. The method for constructing a nonlinear multi-gradient floor in a basement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The motor (11) is a stepper motor or worm gear reducer motor with self-locking function. After adjustment, it automatically locks the tilt angle of the laser emitter (10) to prevent the tilt angle from drifting due to vibration during concrete vibration.

10. The method for constructing a nonlinear multi-gradient floor slab in a basement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific process of the secondary troweling and accuracy correction is as follows: the laser receiver (13) is removed from the vibrating ruler (12), fixed on the troweling tool and recalibrated, and the troweling tool is used to perform secondary troweling on the floor surface; at the non-linear gradient boundary, the concrete at the junction of adjacent slopes is smoothly transitioned by repeated troweling, and the reading of the laser receiver (13) is checked to correct the floor gradient and flatness.

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