An adaptive anti-icing microclimate monitoring device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of anti-icing and deicing, in particular to a self-adaptive anti-icing microclimate monitoring device which comprises an environmental data acquisition module, a control module, a heating module and a protective shell. The control module triggers the heating module to heat the protective shell based on the rainfall data, the light intensity data, the temperature data and the humidity data of the current environment collected by the environmental data acquisition module, can accurately identify icing weather, improves the judgment accuracy based on multiple influence factors, avoids invalid heating in a dry and cold environment, improves the heating efficiency, and effectively solves the icing failure problem of the microclimate monitoring device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of anti-icing and de-icing technology, and in particular to an adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device. Background Technology

[0002] As the main artery of the power system, the safe operation of transmission lines is directly related to the reliability of the power grid. In recent years, extreme weather has occurred frequently, causing problems such as sensor icing failure and data interruption in the micro-meteorological monitoring devices of transmission lines.

[0003] In related technologies, when facing low-temperature icing environments, micro-meteorological monitoring devices are kept at a constant temperature by heating, which easily leads to energy waste. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a micro-meteorological monitoring device that can determine the icing risk based on environmental data and then heat accordingly. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address or partially address the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides an adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device that can accurately identify the risk of icing and heat the micro-meteorological monitoring device accordingly.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides an adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device, which includes an environmental data acquisition module, a control module, a heating module, and a protective shell; The protective housing is used to encapsulate and protect the environmental data acquisition module, the control module, and the heating module. The environmental data acquisition module is electrically connected to the control module and is used to acquire rainfall data, light intensity data, temperature data and humidity data of the current environment when triggered by the control module. The heating module is electrically connected to the control module and is used to heat the protective shell when triggered by the control module.

[0006] As one implementation of the first aspect, the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device also includes a power module; The power module includes solar photovoltaic components and rechargeable batteries; The solar photovoltaic module is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; The rechargeable battery is used to store the electrical energy converted by the solar photovoltaic module.

[0007] As one implementation of the first aspect, a three-level surge protection circuit is electrically connected between the rechargeable battery and the control module. The first stage of the three-stage surge protection circuit is a gas discharge tube; The second stage of the three-stage surge protection circuit is a varistor; The third stage of the three-stage surge protection circuit is a TVS transient suppression diode.

[0008] As one implementation of the first aspect, the environmental data acquisition module includes a rain sensor, a light intensity sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor.

[0009] As one implementation of the first aspect, the light intensity sensor is a silicon photodetector.

[0010] As one implementation of the first aspect, the rain sensor is a piezoelectric acoustic rain gauge.

[0011] As one implementation of the first aspect, the temperature and humidity sensor is an industrial-grade digital sensor with wide operating temperature characteristics.

[0012] As one implementation of the first aspect, the inner wall of the protective shell is provided with a heating cavity, and the heating module is installed inside the heating cavity. Heat is conducted to the rain sensor, the light intensity sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor and the inner wall of the protective shell through air circulation inside the heating cavity.

[0013] The technical solution provided in this application can include the following beneficial effects: by judging multiple influencing factors such as rainfall data, light intensity data, temperature data and humidity data, it can accurately identify icing weather, avoid ineffective heating in dry and cold environments, improve heating efficiency, and effectively solve the problem of icing failure of micro-meteorological monitoring devices in -40℃ and freezing rain environments.

[0014] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments thereof.

[0016] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-level surge protection circuit shown in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the temperature compensation calculation method in an embodiment of this application.

[0017] Symbol explanation: 1-Protective shell; 2-Environmental data acquisition module; 3-Control module; 4-Heating module; 21-Rain sensor; 22-Light intensity sensor; 23-Temperature and humidity sensor; 31-Heating control unit; 32-Communication unit; 41-Heating drive unit; 42-Heater; 51-Solar photovoltaic module; 52-Charging and discharging control unit; 53-Rechargeable battery. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0019] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0020] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] In related technologies, when facing low-temperature icing environments, micro-meteorological monitoring devices are kept at a constant temperature by heating alone, which easily leads to energy waste.

[0022] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides an adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device that can accurately identify icing risks and heat the micro-meteorological monitoring device accordingly.

[0023] This application provides an adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device, which includes an environmental data acquisition module 2, a control module 3, a heating module 4, and a protective shell 1. The structure of the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0024] The protective housing 1 is used to encapsulate and protect the environmental data acquisition module 2, the control module 3, and the heating module 4.

[0025] The environmental data acquisition module 2 is electrically connected to the control module 3 and is used to acquire current environmental data such as rainfall, light intensity, temperature and humidity when triggered by the control module 3.

[0026] The heating module 4 is electrically connected to the control module 3 and is used to heat the protective shell 1 when triggered by the control module 3.

[0027] The control module 3 includes a heating control unit 31 and a communication unit 32, and the connection structure between the heating control unit 31 and the communication unit 32 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0028] The heating control unit 31 is electrically connected to the environmental data acquisition module 2 and the heating module 4 respectively. It is used to control the environmental data acquisition module 2 to collect the current environmental rainfall data, light intensity data, temperature data and humidity data, and drive the heating module 4 to heat the protective shell 1.

[0029] The heating control unit 31 has a multi-channel ADC circuit for acquiring data collected by the environmental data acquisition module 2. By controlling the heating module 4, the heating control unit 31 has a watchdog function to prevent the control program from going out of control under extreme low temperatures.

[0030] Furthermore, the heating control unit 31 is also electrically connected to an independent hardware watchdog. The independent hardware watchdog uses independent power supply and timing. Once the heartbeat signal of the heating control unit 31 is lost, it will forcibly reset the adaptive anti-icing micro-weather monitoring device within tens of seconds to ensure that the adaptive anti-icing micro-weather monitoring device has self-healing ability, and further prevent the control program of the heating control unit 31 from running away or crashing under extreme low temperature or strong interference.

[0031] The ADC circuit of the heating control unit 31 adopts a differential transmission design and is equipped with a magnetic bead filter network. The shielding design ensures that the data transmission is not distorted under a radio frequency field strength of 10V / m.

[0032] After the environmental data acquisition module 2 collects rainfall data, light intensity data, temperature data, and humidity data, it sends them to the heating control unit 31. The heating control unit 31 determines whether the current environment is in rainy weather based on the rainfall data, determines the current lighting conditions based on the light intensity data, and determines whether there is a risk of icing based on the temperature and humidity data.

[0033] The heating control unit 31 is electrically connected to the communication unit 32. The heating control unit 31 sends the current environmental rainfall data, light intensity data, temperature data, and humidity data, as well as the judgment result of whether the heating module 4 is in the heating state, to the communication unit 32, which then sends them to the terminal for staff to view in real time.

[0034] The heating control unit 31 is preset with temperature threshold and humidity threshold. When the detected temperature data is lower than the temperature threshold and the humidity data is higher than the humidity threshold, the heating control unit 31 determines that there is a risk of icing in the current environment.

[0035] When the heating control unit 31 determines that there is a risk of icing in the current environment, it determines the working mode of the heating module 4 based on rainfall data and light intensity data, and then performs heating.

[0036] When the weather is not cloudy or rainy and the light intensity is greater than the set light intensity threshold, the heating control unit 31 drives the heating module 4 to heat through the full power working mode.

[0037] When it is cloudy or rainy and the light intensity is greater than the set light intensity threshold, the heating control unit 31 drives the heating module 4 to heat through the full power working mode.

[0038] When it is cloudy or rainy and the light intensity is less than the set light intensity threshold, the heating control unit 31 drives the heating module 4 to heat through a low-power operating mode.

[0039] In this embodiment, by using multiple influencing factors such as rainfall data, light intensity data, temperature data, and humidity data, icing weather can be accurately identified, avoiding ineffective heating in dry and cold environments, improving heating efficiency, and effectively solving the problem of icing failure of micro-meteorological monitoring devices in -40℃ and freezing rain environments. Compared with traditional continuous heating solutions, it can save more than 50% of ineffective energy consumption. Furthermore, when the light intensity is higher than the set light intensity threshold, it prioritizes the use of solar energy converted into electricity for power supply, further reducing energy consumption.

[0040] In the embodiments of this application, the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device further includes a power module; The power module includes a solar photovoltaic module 51 and a rechargeable battery 53, with the connection structure as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0041] Solar photovoltaic module 51 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy.

[0042] The rechargeable battery 53 is used to store the electrical energy converted by the solar photovoltaic module 51.

[0043] The rechargeable battery 53 is electrically connected to the heating control unit 31 to supply power to the control module 3. The heating control unit 31 drives the environmental data acquisition module 2 and the heating module 4 to work based on the current of the rechargeable battery 53.

[0044] The light intensity threshold is determined based on the minimum energy consumption rate required for the heating module 4 to operate at full power. The minimum energy conversion efficiency of the solar photovoltaic module 51 is then determined, and the light intensity required for the minimum energy conversion efficiency is taken as the light intensity threshold.

[0045] The power module also includes a charge / discharge control unit 52. The input terminal of the charge / discharge control unit 52 is electrically connected to the solar photovoltaic module 51, and the output terminal of the charge / discharge control unit 52 is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery 53. The specific connection structure is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0046] The charge / discharge control unit 52 is used to perform maximum power point tracking charging on the rechargeable battery 53.

[0047] The maximum power point tracking charging system (MPPT) determines the maximum power of the solar photovoltaic module 51 in real time based on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the charge and discharge control unit 52. Based on the maximum power, the converted electrical energy is input into the rechargeable battery 53 for storage in real time, and maximum power point charging protection is provided.

[0048] The charging and discharging control unit 52 also collects data such as battery voltage, charging and discharging current and solar panel voltage, and sends the battery voltage, charging and discharging current and solar panel voltage to the heating control unit 31 through the I2C or RS485 interface. The heating control unit 31 determines the current battery level based on the data collected by the charging and discharging control unit 52, and sends the data collected by the charging and discharging control unit 52 and the battery level to the terminal for display based on the communication unit 32.

[0049] Furthermore, before determining the operating mode of the heating module 4, the heating control unit 31 checks the charge level of the rechargeable battery 53.

[0050] First, when the battery power is less than 20%, the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device is in power-saving mode and only collects and transmits environmental data.

[0051] When the battery charge is less than 20%, if there is a risk of icing when the light intensity is greater than the set light intensity threshold, the heating control unit 31 drives the heating module 4 to heat in full power mode.

[0052] Second, when the battery charge is greater than 20% and less than 50%, the system assesses whether the current environment is cloudy or rainy, as well as the intensity of sunlight, and determines the operating mode of heating module 4 based on these three conditions: (1) When it is not rainy weather and the light intensity is greater than the set light intensity threshold, the heating control unit 31 drives the heating module 4 to heat through the full power working mode.

[0053] (2) When it is cloudy or rainy and the light intensity is greater than the set light intensity threshold, the heating control unit 31 drives the heating module 4 to heat through the full power working mode.

[0054] (3) When it is cloudy or rainy and the light intensity is less than the set light intensity threshold, the heating control unit 31 drives the heating module 4 to heat through the low power consumption working mode.

[0055] When the light intensity is greater than the set light intensity threshold, the heating module 4 consumes electrical energy at a rate lower than the rate at which the solar photovoltaic module 51 converts electrical energy, and the heating module 4 is powered by the electrical energy converted by the solar photovoltaic module 51.

[0056] Third, when the battery charge is greater than 50%, the heating control unit 31 drives the heating module 4 to heat through the full power working mode.

[0057] The battery charge threshold can be changed as needed. When the light intensity is greater than the set light intensity threshold, the solar photovoltaic module 51 converts electrical energy faster than the heating module 4 consumes electrical energy, and the solar photovoltaic module 51 sends the excess electrical energy to the rechargeable battery 53 for storage.

[0058] Since battery capacity will decrease at low temperatures, the heating control unit 31 dynamically calculates the standard output voltage of the rechargeable battery 53 at the current temperature based on a temperature compensation calculation method to prevent the battery from being over-discharged and causing permanent damage.

[0059] The specific process of the temperature compensation calculation method is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes: S1: Obtain the current ambient temperature data and compare it with the temperature threshold to make a judgment.

[0060] S2: Calculate pressure drop compensation based on the difference between temperature data and temperature threshold.

[0061] During battery use, the internal resistance increases due to temperature drop, causing the current output voltage to decrease. Voltage drop compensation is the difference between the current output voltage drop and the standard output voltage.

[0062] Voltage drop compensation is calculated based on the voltage compensation coefficient of the battery used. Different batteries have different voltage compensation coefficients. Users can change the voltage compensation coefficient according to the actual battery used. The temperature threshold can be set according to different environments.

[0063] When the temperature data is greater than the temperature threshold, no pressure drop compensation calculation is performed.

[0064] S3: Calculate the standard output voltage for voltage drop compensation based on the voltage drop compensation.

[0065] When the output voltage of the rechargeable battery 53 is lower than the standard output voltage, the heating control unit 31 will determine that the rechargeable battery 53 has entered the extremely low available capacity area, forcibly stop the operation of the heating module 4, and only retain the data acquisition function and communication function.

[0066] In this embodiment, a unique energy efficiency coordination mechanism is employed, based on battery level and light intensity, to switch between multiple operating modes for different conditions. This ensures that the adaptive anti-icing micro-weather monitoring device can automatically reduce heating to maintain core monitoring and communication functions and prevent device disconnection during continuous rain or when the battery is low. Temperature and humidity data, light intensity, and power status parameters are simultaneously used as input variables for heating control. Based on the battery level threshold, full-power heating, intermittent heating, or heating shutdown strategies are implemented in stages, thus balancing anti-icing / de-icing and long-term battery life under extreme weather conditions.

[0067] In the embodiments of this application, a three-level surge protection circuit is electrically connected between the rechargeable battery 53 and the control module 3. The structure of the three-level surge protection circuit is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0068] The first stage of the three-stage surge protection circuit is a gas discharge tube.

[0069] The second stage of the three-stage surge protection circuit is a varistor.

[0070] The third stage of the three-stage surge protection circuit is a TVS transient voltage suppressor diode.

[0071] The three-stage surge protection circuit consists of a first stage for discharging high-energy lightning surges, a second stage for voltage clamping, and a third stage for absorbing residual pulses.

[0072] Specifically, the first-stage gas discharge tube is responsible for creating a short-circuit path when the voltage is extremely high, dissipating the main energy of the lightning strike and thus preventing the impact of lightning weather on the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device. The second-stage varistor is used to handle the energy before the gas discharge tube is activated, as well as residual voltage that the gas discharge tube cannot handle, limiting the voltage to an intermediate level to achieve a stable power supply to the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device. The third-stage TVS transient voltage suppressor diode is responsible for filtering out the remaining spike pulses after the processing of the first two stages, thereby achieving precise voltage clamping of the supply voltage and protecting the control module.

[0073] In this embodiment, since the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device is installed on the power transmission circuit, electromagnetic interference is severe. Through a three-level surge protection circuit, multiple protections are provided for the power supply mode of the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device, avoiding the impact of electromagnetic interference on the power supply current and improving the stability and safety of the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device.

[0074] In the embodiments of this application, the environmental data acquisition module 2 includes a rainfall sensor 21, a light intensity sensor 22, and a temperature and humidity sensor 23, and their connection structure is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0075] The output terminals of the rain sensor 21, light intensity sensor 22, and temperature and humidity sensor 23 are all electrically connected to the input terminal of the heating control unit 31.

[0076] Rain sensor 21 is used to collect rainfall data of the current environment and send it to heating control unit 31.

[0077] The light intensity sensor 22 is used to collect the light intensity data of the current environment and send it to the heating control unit 31.

[0078] Temperature and humidity sensor 23 is used to collect temperature and humidity data of the current environment and send them to heating control unit 31.

[0079] In this embodiment, by collecting various data from multiple sensors, the current weather changes can be monitored in real time, providing a sufficient data basis for selecting multiple working modes of the heating module, formulating reasonable energy use strategies, and avoiding unnecessary energy waste.

[0080] In the embodiments of this application, the light intensity sensor 22 is a silicon photodetector.

[0081] Silicon photodetectors typically have a measurement range of 0 to 100,000 Lux or higher and feature good temperature compensation to prevent data drift caused by component overheating in high summer temperatures.

[0082] Among them, the light intensity sensor 22 communicates with the heating control unit 31 using the RS485 protocol.

[0083] The light intensity sensor 22 is equipped with a professional light-transmitting cover and housing, which can withstand harsh outdoor ultraviolet rays, rain and dust.

[0084] In this embodiment, due to the size requirements of the micro-meteorological monitoring device, a small-sized, low-power silicon photodetector is used as the light intensity sensor 22. This allows the complex circuitry to be condensed into a small space, facilitating device integration. It also has good temperature compensation function and a wide measurement range, improving the stability and accuracy of light data acquisition. Furthermore, based on the light-transmitting cover and shell, the lifespan of the light sensor is greatly improved.

[0085] In the embodiments of this application, the rain sensor 21 is a piezoelectric acoustic rain gauge.

[0086] Specifically, the piezoelectric acoustic rain gauge inverts the rainfall by detecting the sound wave signal generated by the impact of raindrops. This avoids the problem of the mechanical structure of the tipping bucket rain gauge being easily blocked by ice and snow or failing due to the freezing of insect nets. It is suitable for unattended harsh outdoor environments.

[0087] In this embodiment, a piezoelectric acoustic rain gauge is used to directly convert the mechanical energy generated by raindrop impact into an electrical signal. This allows for the precise capture of minute amounts of rain with an extremely short response time. It can accurately measure the size, falling speed, and rainfall intensity distribution of raindrops, maintaining reliable measurement performance under various rainfall conditions. Furthermore, the piezoelectric rain gauge has a large measuring range, enabling accurate measurement of short-duration, concentrated heavy rainfall. Its wide operating temperature range allows for stable operation under various adverse weather conditions, thereby improving the stability and accuracy of rainfall data collection.

[0088] In the embodiments of this application, the temperature and humidity sensor 23 is an industrial-grade digital sensor with wide operating temperature characteristics.

[0089] Among them, industrial-grade digital sensors with wide operating temperature characteristics can quickly respond to and correct local microclimate errors caused by heating during the heating and de-icing process, thereby improving the accuracy of data acquisition.

[0090] In this embodiment, by using an industrial-grade digital sensor with wide operating temperature characteristics as the temperature and humidity sensor 23, the accuracy and reliability of temperature and humidity detection are significantly improved, maintenance costs are reduced, economic benefits are increased, and a strong data foundation is provided for the control of heating methods.

[0091] In the embodiments of this application, a heating cavity is provided on the inner wall of the protective shell 1, and the heating module 4 is installed inside the heating cavity. Heat is conducted to the rain sensor 21, the light intensity sensor 22, the temperature and humidity sensor 23 and the inner wall of the protective shell 1 through the air circulation inside the heating cavity.

[0092] The heating module 4 includes a heating drive unit 41 and a heater 42, and the connection structure between the heating drive unit 41 and the heater 42 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0093] The heating drive unit 41 is electrically connected to the heating control unit 31 and is used to drive the heater 42 to work according to the trigger of the heating control unit 31.

[0094] The heater 42 is electrically connected to the heating drive unit 41 and is used to heat the heating chamber.

[0095] When the heating module 4 is in full power operation mode, the heating control unit 31 supplies 7W constant power to the heating drive unit 41, and the heating drive unit 41 drives the heater 42 to heat up based on the maximum current of 7W constant power.

[0096] When the heating module 4 is in a low-power operating mode, the heating control unit 31 supplies power to the heating drive unit 41 through a PWM signal, and the heating drive unit 41 drives the heater 42 to heat up based on the amplitude and frequency of the PWM signal.

[0097] Heater 42 is a PTC ceramic thermistor.

[0098] In this embodiment, by placing the PTC thermistor inside the heating cavity on the inner wall of the protective shell 1, the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device is de-iced through the air heat convection within the sealed cavity. This avoids the heat loss caused by attaching heating elements to the external surface in traditional heating methods. Furthermore, the internal heating method using the heating cavity ensures uniform heating, and the heat can be effectively conducted to the surface of the protective shell 1, preventing ice formation on the surface of the protective shell 1. At the same time, it avoids temperature and humidity measurement drift and structural thermal deformation caused by local overheating, thereby improving the service life and control accuracy of the adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device.

[0099] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device, characterized in that: The adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device includes an environmental data acquisition module, a control module, a heating module, and a protective shell; The protective housing is used to encapsulate and protect the environmental data acquisition module, the control module, and the heating module. The environmental data acquisition module is electrically connected to the control module and is used to acquire rainfall data, light intensity data, temperature data and humidity data of the current environment when triggered by the control module. The heating module is electrically connected to the control module and is used to heat the protective shell when triggered by the control module.

2. The adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device also includes a power module; The power module includes solar photovoltaic components and rechargeable batteries; The solar photovoltaic module is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; The rechargeable battery is used to store the electrical energy converted by the solar photovoltaic module.

3. The adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rechargeable battery is electrically connected to the control module via a three-level surge protection circuit. The first stage of the three-stage surge protection circuit is a gas discharge tube; The second stage of the three-stage surge protection circuit is a varistor; The third stage of the three-stage surge protection circuit is a TVS transient suppression diode.

4. The adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental data acquisition module includes a rain sensor, a light intensity sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor.

5. The adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The light intensity sensor is a silicon photodetector.

6. The adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rain sensor is a piezoelectric acoustic rain gauge.

7. The adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity sensor is an industrial-grade digital sensor with wide operating temperature characteristics.

8. The adaptive anti-icing micro-meteorological monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the protective housing is provided with a heating cavity, and the heating module is installed inside the heating cavity. Heat is conducted to the rain sensor, the light intensity sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor and the inner wall of the protective housing through air circulation inside the heating cavity.

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