A digital auxiliary-based high-relief realistic leather sculpture production method for vegetable-tanned leather

Abstract

The application provides a kind of based on digital auxiliary's high relief realistic leather sculpture production method of vegetable tanning leather, relate to the cross technical field of vegetable tanning leather handicraft processing and digitization design manufacturing.The method includes three-dimensional digital modeling and dynamic light simulation, optimization reference path data execution leather sculpture process and digital identity generation.The core innovation is: before hand shaping, the morphology and surface details are previewed and path planning are carried out by using three-dimensional digital technology;after completion, the unique digital identity file based on blockchain technology is generated for the work.The application not only overcomes the defects of traditional leather sculpture in complex texture performance, which can only macroscopically simulate, realizes the three-dimensional dynamic effect of various details such as plant vein, animal hair, bird feather, still life surface texture, etc., and greatly improves the design foresight, process controllability, artistic expression and traceability of the work through digital full-process empowerment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the interdisciplinary field of vegetable-tanned leather craft processing and digital design and manufacturing, and in particular to a digitally assisted method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings from vegetable-tanned leather. Background Technology

[0002] Existing leather carving techniques mainly focus on traditional hand-carved relief and surface dyeing. For example, Chinese invention patent CN106042753A discloses a leather carving painting production process, which enhances the three-dimensionality of the image through steps such as wetting, pressing to form shallow relief, dyeing, and inlaying.

[0003] However, this traditional craft has two limitations: First, in terms of the effect, the realization of its three-dimensional form depends on filling the back of the raw leather or pressing and denting the front. The resulting texture presents macroscopic and generalized characteristics, and cannot accurately simulate the independent form and natural growth direction of complex textures such as plant veins, animal hair, bird feathers, and still life surface textures. It also cannot reproduce the microscopic shadow changes formed by the overlapping of such textures. For leather carving works that pursue high realism, the textures produced by traditional techniques tend to appear stiff and flat, lacking rich layers and dynamic texture. Second, in terms of the implementation of the craft, the entire process from design conception to finished product is highly dependent on the craftsman's personal experience and on-site judgment. It lacks forward-looking scientific pre-planning and precise digital path guidance, and even more so, it lacks modern digital traceability methods for the creation process and uniqueness of the work. This seriously restricts the standardized inheritance and innovation efficiency of leather carving, and also reduces the collection and circulation value of leather carving works in the digital age.

[0004] Based on this, the industry urgently needs an innovative process solution that deeply integrates cutting-edge digital technology with traditional leather carving techniques. This solution should not only start from the underlying logic of the process to achieve precise physical reconstruction of various complex textures, but also digitally empower and reconstruct the entire leather carving creation process, thereby systematically solving the technical bottleneck problems faced by leather carving art in the process of hyper-realistic creation and modernization.

[0005] Based on this, the industry urgently needs an innovative process solution that deeply integrates cutting-edge digital technology with traditional leather carving techniques. This solution should not only start from the underlying logic of the process to achieve precise physical reconstruction of various complex textures, but also digitally empower and reconstruct the entire leather carving creation process in order to systematically solve the technical bottleneck problems faced by leather carving art in the process of hyper-realistic creation and modernization. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a digitally assisted method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather. The various technical effects of the preferred technical solutions provided by this invention are detailed below.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides a digitally assisted method for creating high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Based on the preset design form of the target high-relief leather carving work, construct the corresponding three-dimensional digital prototype model; Step S2: Build a virtual environment that integrates the simulation module for the physical properties of vegetable-tanned leather. Perform a embossing process simulation on the three-dimensional digital prototype model in the virtual environment to reproduce the high-relief three-dimensional shape formed by the embossing process of vegetable-tanned leather. Step S3: Generate a simulated surface texture model that accurately matches the material properties of the target vegetable-tanned leather through physical simulation algorithm calculation; at the same time, based on the virtual lighting system, render dynamic lighting and shadow effects consistent with the actual processing scene, and use the dynamic lighting and shadow effects to verify the visual compatibility between the high relief three-dimensional shape and the simulated surface texture model. Step S4: Based on the three-dimensional digital prototype model and the simulated surface texture model corresponding to the high relief three-dimensional shape obtained from the simulation, and combined with the preset processing accuracy threshold, plan and generate optimized reference path data for macroscopic embossing area processing and microscopic texture carving. Step S5: Generate a target high-relief three-dimensional shape pattern based on the three-dimensional digital prototype model and the simulated surface texture model, and perform leather carving process according to the optimized reference path data to obtain the target high-relief leather carving work; Step S6: Extract the model's digital information and the actual carving information to generate a unique hash value. Store the hash value in a distributed manner using blockchain technology and combine it with the digital identity of the work to form an immutable and traceable digital archive of the work.

[0009] Optionally, in step S5, the leather carving process specifically includes the following steps: Step S51, Imprinting and Wetting: Imprint the target high-relief three-dimensional pattern onto the surface of vegetable-tanned leather; wet the vegetable-tanned leather evenly until it softens to a suitable state for subsequent carving. Step S52, Positioning and Shaping: Referring to the optimized reference path data, the key structural parts of the vegetable-tanned leather are precisely tapped and positioned using a chiseling process to complete the basic positioning work; then, uniform pressure is applied to the back of the vegetable-tanned leather to perform a bulging process, forming a preliminary three-dimensional shape; S53. Filling and curing: Filler is filled into the bulging area on the back of the vegetable-tanned leather. The filler provides rigid support and solidifies the preliminary three-dimensional shape to ensure that the vegetable-tanned leather stably maintains the high-relief three-dimensional shape. S54. Texture pre-carving: Based on the optimized reference path data corresponding to the micro-texture carving, a special texture carving tool is used to carve the texture direction lines and pattern outlines that are consistent with the simulated surface texture model on the solidified and shaped vegetable tanned leather high relief surface. S55. Microscopic detail forming: Following the texture direction lines and pattern outlines carved in step S44, use a fine surgical scalpel to perform point-by-point or line-by-line carving operations. By lifting or carving the surface fibers of the vegetable tanned leather, replicate the texture of the simulated surface texture model to form a simulated texture effect component with a three-dimensional dynamic feel and real material texture. S56. Detail processing and coloring: Perform detail processing on the simulated texture effect parts, remove residual defects from processing and correct shape deviations; then perform coloring to ensure uniform color adhesion without damaging the surface texture structure.

[0010] Optionally, in step S1: if the target high-relief leather carving is assembled from multiple target parts, a corresponding three-dimensional digital prototype model is constructed for each target part, and the assembly logic of the target high-relief leather carving is set synchronously. S57. Component Assembly and Overall Integration: After all the high-relief vegetable-tanned leather parts corresponding to the target parts have completed the processing operations of steps S51 to S56, the parts are assembled according to the assembly logic set in step S1. The overall shape is assisted by a wire frame, and metal connectors are used to achieve precise positioning, firm fixation and structural splicing of each part, forming a complete high-relief leather carving work.

[0011] Optionally, in step S3, a virtual reality device or an augmented reality device may be used for auxiliary verification.

[0012] Optionally, in step S54, the special texture engraving tool includes a blade head and a handle, the blade head and the handle are detachably connected, the angle between the blade head and the handle is 15 to 60 degrees, and the blade head includes multiple surgical blades placed side by side.

[0013] Optionally, in step S53, the filler is a light-curing resin, a thermochromic memory polymer, a mixture of leather powder and adhesive, ultra-light clay, or plastic clay, and the amount of filler in the embossed area on the back of the vegetable-tanned leather is adjusted according to the required amplitude and range of three-dimensional undulations. Furthermore, photocurable resins or thermochromic memory polymers can achieve precise secondary adjustments to their local morphology through external energy stimulation.

[0014] Optionally, in step S56, the coloring process is carried out by manual rubbing and a penetrating dye or pigment is selected. The pigments include any one or a combination of acrylic pigments, mineral pigments, oil pigments, alcohol pigments for vegetable tanning leather, water pigments, vermilion red, gold powder, or silver powder.

[0015] Optionally, in step S56, when performing the coloring process, the focus is on creating natural light and shadow transitions and color gradients in the recessed and raised areas of the texture, and a colorless leather fixing agent is used for shaping after coloring.

[0016] Optionally, in step S2, the vegetable-tanned leather physical property simulation module includes at least the elastic modulus, elongation, hardness, and plasticity parameters of vegetable-tanned leather.

[0017] Optionally, in step S3, the physical simulation algorithm iteratively calculates based on the actual material properties of the target vegetable-tanned leather, including texture density, pore morphology, surface roughness, and color base.

[0018] This invention provides a digitally assisted method for creating high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather. It constructs a closed-loop system of "digital pre-visualization - manual execution - digital archiving." First, through 3D digital modeling and simulation, a comprehensive pre-visualization and optimization of everything from morphology and structure to surface texture and lighting is completed in a virtual environment, generating guiding optimization reference path data, shifting the creative process from experience-driven to design-driven. Then, craftsmen execute the leather carving process based on the optimized reference path data, enabling high-precision manual carving and texture shaping, achieving the physical reconstruction of microscopic textures. Finally, this method creatively introduces blockchain technology to generate a unique and tamper-proof digital archive for each finished product, permanently recording its complete creative journey from digital prototype to physical entity.

[0019] The preferred technical solution of the present invention can also produce at least the following technical effects: It has achieved a digital revolution in the creative process: through 3D pre-visualization and path planning, the irreversible manual process has become predictable and optimizable, which has greatly reduced the cost of trial and error, improved the accuracy of the realization of design intentions, and made the inheritance and teaching of complex crafts more scientific.

[0020] A revolutionary breakthrough in texture representation has been achieved: guided by digital blueprints, and combined with specialized texture-drawing tools and handcrafting techniques, texture creation has been elevated from simulation to reproduction. The three-dimensional textures produced through physical sculpting and fiber processing possess the depth, directionality, and natural variation of real objects, which is unattainable by any pure surface treatment technology.

[0021] It expands the possibilities of materials and expression: the introduction of smart materials such as light-cured resins allows for fine-tuning of local shapes after curing, providing greater tolerance and freedom of expression for artistic creation.

[0022] A trustworthy digital twin of the artwork has been constructed: the digital archive of the artwork generated using blockchain technology establishes its uniqueness, authenticity, and scarcity, fully records the creation lineage, and realizes three-dimensional dynamic effects of various details such as plant leaf veins, animal hair, bird feathers, and still life surface textures. Furthermore, through the empowerment of the entire digital process, it greatly enhances the design foresight, process controllability, artistic expression, and collectability of the artwork, providing a bridge for traditional handicrafts to enter the field of digital assets.

[0023] It has formed an advanced paradigm of "human-machine collaboration": This system does not replace craftsmen with machines, but rather uses digital technology to enhance and extend the craftsmen's vision, planning and control capabilities, highlighting the core position of people in artistic decision-making. It is a model of the integration of handicrafts and the digital age. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a digitally assisted method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings from vegetable-tanned leather, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the leather carving process in a digitally assisted method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings of vegetable-tanned leather, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] This invention provides a digitally assisted method for creating high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Based on the preset design form of the target high-relief leather carving, construct a corresponding 3D digital prototype model. Using the preset design form, size parameters, and artistic concept of the target high-relief leather carving as the core benchmark, construct the corresponding 3D digital prototype model using parametric modeling technology. During the modeling process, it is necessary to subdivide the core shape area and auxiliary transition area, and accurately define key dimensions such as the relief height, line curvature, and edge contours.

[0030] Step S2: Build a virtual environment integrating a physical property simulation module for vegetable-tanned leather. First, obtain core physical parameters of the target vegetable-tanned leather, such as elastic modulus, tensile strength, elongation, hardness, and plasticity coefficient, through material testing. Input these parameters into the simulation module to calibrate the vegetable-tanned leather material model, ensuring that the simulation effect is highly consistent with the actual material. In the virtual environment, based on the pressure, temperature, and time parameters of the actual embossing process, perform an embossing process simulation on the three-dimensional digital prototype model to reproduce the high-relief three-dimensional shape formed after embossing of the vegetable-tanned leather. Step S3: Through physical simulation algorithm calculation, the physical simulation algorithm iteratively calculates based on the real material properties of the target vegetable-tanned leather, and combines the material properties of the target vegetable-tanned leather, including texture density, pore morphology, surface roughness and color base, to generate a simulated surface texture model that accurately matches the material properties of the target vegetable-tanned leather. It can restore the microscopic features of vegetable-tanned leather such as natural wrinkles and pore arrangement. At the same time, based on the virtual lighting system, multi-angle light sources (main light, auxiliary light, ambient light) and light and shadow parameters are configured to render dynamic light and shadow effects (simulating changes in natural light and adjusting the projection angle of artificial lighting). By using the contrast of light and dark and the changes in reflection intensity under dynamic light and shadow, dynamic light and shadow effects consistent with the actual processing scene are rendered. The visual compatibility between the high relief three-dimensional shape and the simulated surface texture model is verified by using dynamic light and shadow effects. At the same time, human-computer interactive immersive preview and adjustment are carried out in conjunction with virtual reality or augmented reality devices. Step S4: Based on the three-dimensional digital prototype model and simulated surface texture model corresponding to the high relief three-dimensional shape obtained by simulation, combined with the preset processing accuracy threshold, which is set based on the process requirements of the target high relief leather carving work, optimize reference path data for processing the macroscopic raised area and carving the microscopic texture is planned and generated. Step S5: Generate the target high-relief three-dimensional shape pattern based on the three-dimensional digital prototype model and the simulated surface texture model, and perform the leather carving process according to the optimized reference path data to obtain the target high-relief leather carving work; Step S6: Extract the model's digitized information and actual carving information to generate a unique hash value. This hash value is then distributed and stored using blockchain technology, combined with the artwork's digital identity identifier, to form an immutable and traceable digital archive of the artwork. The complete parameters (modeling data, simulation iteration records), virtual processing path data, material parameters, and other digitized information of the 3D digital prototype model are extracted. Simultaneously, actual carving information such as video recordings of the carving process, finished product size detection data, and surface texture images are collected. A unique hash value is generated using an encryption algorithm to ensure the information is immutable. The hash value is then distributed and stored using blockchain technology, synchronously linked to the artwork's digital identity identifier (including core data such as artwork name, creator information, processing time, material specifications, and limited edition number), constructing a two-way bound digital archive of the artwork with "digital information + physical information." After the archive is generated, a public query interface is provided, allowing users to trace the entire process of the artwork by scanning a code or entering the identity identifier. This also provides authoritative data support for copyright confirmation, transaction flow, and authenticity verification of the artwork.

[0031] This invention provides a digitally assisted method for creating high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather. It constructs a closed-loop system of "digital pre-visualization - manual execution - digital archiving." First, through 3D digital modeling and simulation, a comprehensive pre-visualization and optimization of everything from morphology and structure to surface texture and lighting is completed in a virtual environment, generating guiding optimization reference path data, shifting the creative process from experience-driven to design-driven. Then, craftsmen execute the leather carving process based on the optimized reference path data, enabling high-precision manual carving and texture shaping, achieving the physical reconstruction of microscopic textures. Finally, this method creatively introduces blockchain technology to generate a unique and tamper-proof digital archive for each finished product, permanently recording its complete creative journey from digital prototype to physical entity.

[0032] As an optional implementation, in step S5, the leather carving process specifically includes the following steps: Step S51, Imprinting and Wetting: Imprint the target high-relief 3D pattern onto the surface of vegetable-tanned leather; uniformly wet the vegetable-tanned leather until it softens to a suitable state for subsequent engraving processing; based on the 3D digital prototype model and simulated surface texture model, the target high-relief 3D pattern is imprinted onto the surface of the vegetable-tanned leather using transfer paper. After imprinting, use purified water or a special vegetable-tanned leather wetting agent to uniformly wet the vegetable-tanned leather, continuously checking the softness and hardness by hand until the vegetable-tanned leather softens to a suitable state for subsequent chiseling and embossing processing.

[0033] Step S52, Positioning and Shaping: Referring to the optimized reference path data, identify the core area, transition area and key structural nodes (such as contour inflection points and texture intersections) of the high relief on the vegetable-tanned leather. Use the chiseling process to accurately press and position the key structural parts of the vegetable-tanned leather to complete the basic positioning work. Then, apply uniform pressure to the back of the vegetable-tanned leather to emboss it and form a preliminary three-dimensional shape. S53. Filling and curing: Fill the raised area on the back of the vegetable-tanned leather with filler to ensure that the filler is completely attached to the back of the vegetable-tanned leather without any air bubbles or gaps, so as to avoid deformation after curing. The filler provides rigid support and shaping and curing treatment for the initial three-dimensional shape, ensuring that the vegetable-tanned leather can stably maintain the high relief three-dimensional shape. S54. Texture pre-carving: Based on the optimized reference path data corresponding to the micro-texture carving, a special texture carving tool is used to carve the texture direction lines and pattern outlines that are consistent with the simulation surface texture model on the solidified and shaped vegetable tanned leather high relief surface. S55. Microscopic detail forming: Following the texture direction lines and pattern outlines carved in step S44, use fine surgical instruments to perform point-by-point or line-by-line carving operations. The carving method is adjusted according to the texture type. By lifting or carving the surface fibers of vegetable tanned leather, the texture of the simulated surface texture model is replicated to form a simulated texture effect part with a three-dimensional dynamic sense and real material texture. S56. Detail processing and coloring: Perform detail processing on the simulated textured parts, remove residual defects from the manufacturing process and correct shape deviations; then perform coloring to ensure that the color adheres evenly and does not damage the surface texture structure.

[0034] As an optional implementation, step S1: If the target high-relief leather carving is assembled from multiple target parts, then a corresponding three-dimensional digital prototype model is constructed for each target part, and the assembly logic of the target high-relief leather carving is set simultaneously. S57. Component Assembly and Overall Integration: After all the high-relief vegetable-tanned leather parts corresponding to the target parts have completed the processing operations of steps S51 to S56, the parts are assembled according to the assembly logic set in step S1. The overall shape is assisted by a wire frame, and metal connectors are used to achieve precise positioning, firm fixation and structural splicing of each part, forming a complete high-relief leather carving work.

[0035] As an optional implementation, in step S54, the special texture engraving tool includes a blade head and a handle, which are detachably connected. The angle between the blade head and the handle is 15 to 60 degrees, and the blade head includes multiple surgical blades placed side by side.

[0036] As an optional implementation, in step S53, the filler is a light-curing resin, a thermochromic memory polymer, a mixture of leather powder and adhesive, ultra-light clay or plastic clay, and the amount of filler in the embossed area on the back of the vegetable-tanned leather is adjusted according to the required amplitude and range of three-dimensional undulations. Furthermore, photocurable resins or thermochromic memory polymers can achieve precise secondary adjustments to their local morphology through external energy stimulation.

[0037] As an optional implementation, in step S56, the coloring process is carried out by manual rubbing and a penetrating dye or pigment is selected. Pigments include any one or a combination of acrylic pigments, mineral pigments, oil-based pigments, alcohol-based pigments for vegetable-tanned leather, water-based pigments, vermilion red, gold powder, or silver powder.

[0038] As an optional implementation, in step S56, when performing the coloring process, the focus is on creating a natural light and shadow transition and color gradient in the recessed and raised parts of the texture, and a colorless leather fixing agent is used for shaping after coloring.

[0039] This invention discloses a digitally assisted method for creating high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather. Through three-dimensional digital prototype modeling, simulation of the physical properties of vegetable-tanned leather, and the practical application of physical simulation algorithms, it can accurately reproduce the high-relief three-dimensional form of vegetable-tanned leather after embossing. At the same time, it generates a simulated surface texture that highly matches the material of vegetable-tanned leather. Combined with the visual verification of a virtual lighting system, it can realistically restore the original form and growth direction of complex textures such as plant veins, animal hair, and bird feathers, as well as the microscopic shadow changes formed by the layering of textures. The final high-relief leather carving works have significantly improved three-dimensionality, layering, and dynamic texture, completely solving the problems of macroscopic generalization and rigid flatness of textures in traditional crafts, and achieving a high degree of realism in leather carving works.

[0040] By relying on virtual environment process simulation and pre-visualization, the creation of leather carving has been transformed from "experience-driven" to "data-driven". The macroscopic bulging and microscopic texture carving reference paths generated after simulation optimization can directly guide the actual leather carving process, greatly reducing the dependence of the process on the personal experience of craftsmen. This not only improves the consistency and processing precision of finished leather carving works, but also lowers the threshold for learning and practicing the process, realizing the standardization and normalization of traditional leather carving techniques, while effectively improving the research and development and production efficiency of leather carving creation.

[0041] From the initial construction of 3D digital prototypes and virtual process simulation, to the guidance of digital processing paths in the middle stage, and then to the final production of finished products, the entire process of leather carving creation has been digitally controlled and predicted in advance. The process effect can be verified and the path optimized in a virtual environment, which effectively avoids the problems of high trial and error costs and uncontrollable creative effects caused by the lack of pre-simulation and operation based on experience in traditional processes, and greatly improves the success rate and process stability of leather carving creation.

[0042] By extracting digital information from the model and generating a unique hash value from the actual carving information, and combining this with blockchain technology to complete distributed notarization and assign a digital identity to the work, an immutable and fully traceable digital archive of the work has been successfully constructed. This enables precise traceability of the creation process, craftsmanship information, and ownership information of leather carving works. It not only solves the problems of difficulty in verifying the uniqueness and tracing the source of traditional leather carving works, but also endows leather carving works with digital identity attributes, significantly enhancing the work's artistic ownership, collection value, and market circulation value in the digital age.

[0043] The implementation of this method has achieved a deep integration of cutting-edge digital technology and traditional vegetable-tanned leather carving techniques. It has solved the technical bottleneck of hyper-realistic creation in traditional leather carving from the underlying logic of the process, and completed the digital reconstruction and empowerment of traditional leather carving techniques from the entire process. It has broken the dual limitations of traditional leather carving techniques in terms of expressive effect and process implementation, and provided a feasible implementation path for the modernization, digitalization and innovation of traditional leather carving techniques, thus promoting the technological upgrading and industrial development of the entire leather carving industry.

[0044] Example 1: Method for creating a realistic wolf head leather carving (animal fur texture) Steps S1-S4: 3D Digital Pre-visualization and Path Planning: First, use a 3D scanner to obtain precise data of the wolf skull, or directly sculpt a 3D digital prototype model in ZBrush software, emphasizing its wide cheekbones, prominent brow ridges, and strong jawline. In the KeyShot or Marmoset Toolbag rendering engine, apply vegetable-tanned leather material to the model and simulate its wet and bulging morphological changes to create a high-relief three-dimensional form. Then, using the XGen or Yeti hair plugin, generate a two-layered hair system with coarse outer hair and fine undercoat based on real wolf biological data, adjusting its growth direction (e.g., hair on the nape of the neck grows backward, facial hair radiates outwards). Observe the lighting effects and majestic expression of the hair from different angles in real time under a virtual lighting system. The designer immerses themselves in VR equipment to examine and adjust the model and hair to a satisfactory state. Finally, the system software automatically analyzes the model surface and hair flow to generate optimized reference path data to guide subsequent manual carving, namely key contour lines, bone protrusion and depression marker areas (corresponding to tapping), and suggested hair texture trunk path data packages.

[0045] Step S51, Imprinting and Wetting: Using transfer paper and a leather carving pen, accurately imprint the key structural lines, such as the head outline, brow bone line, and cheekbone line, determined in the previous steps, onto the surface of high-quality vegetable-tanned leather (top-grain cowhide) with a thickness of approximately 1.5–3.0 mm. During this process, continuously and evenly wet the leather surface with clean water to soften it for imprinting and carving. Furthermore, during subsequent shaping and carving, continue to add moisture as needed to maintain the appropriate softness of the vegetable-tanned leather and ensure the smooth progress of the process.

[0046] Step S52, Positioning and Shaping: Referring to the visual cues or projections provided by the 3D digital prototype model, the craftsman uses the large triangular tool (model: F896) from the edge-hammering tools to precisely hammer along the imprinted outline and the skeletal physiological structures marked on the 3D digital prototype model (such as the upper edge of the eye socket, the high point of the cheekbone, and the bridge of the nose), shaping the basic skeletal structure and muscle attachment points of the wolf's head. Then, using a suitable hard tool, pressure is applied from the back of the vegetable-tanned leather, and a bulging operation is performed referring to the high-relief three-dimensional shape pre-visualized in the digital model, focusing on shaping the full nose and muzzle, powerful cheeks, and the three-dimensional volume of the back of the skull, forming a preliminary three-dimensional shape. This step requires the use of a large amount of water to continuously soften the vegetable-tanned leather for shaping.

[0047] Step S53, Filling and Curing: A special UV-curing resin mixed with skin powder is filled into the three-dimensional space initially created by the bulge. By using a UV flashlight to locally irradiate and fine-tune areas such as the brow bone and cheekbones where bone structure needs to be emphasized, the filler can be rapidly cured and its local shape can be further refined, resulting in a full, stable, and clearly defined three-dimensional shape.

[0048] Step S54: Texture Pre-sculpting: After the shape has solidified, the craftsman uses a tablet to retrieve the "main path of hair texture" map of the area generated in steps S1 to S4 as a reference. Using a special brush tool equipped with parallel metal blades, guided by the digital path and based on real wolf hair growth knowledge (such as the hair on the forehead parting to both sides, and the layering direction of the hair on the back of the neck), the craftsman brushes on the three-dimensional leather surface. The brushing pressure must be properly controlled to leave clear hair direction lines on the leather surface that represent the coarse and stiff texture of wolf hair and conform to the digital planning direction, serving as a precise drawing for subsequent hair picking.

[0049] Step S55, Microscopic Detail Shaping: Switching to a sharp, precision surgical instrument, the craftsman meticulously picks out the fine fibers of the vegetable-tanned leather, meticulously working by hand along each delicate texture line drawn in Step S54. By precisely controlling the angle of the blade and the lifting force, the surface fibers of the vegetable-tanned leather are lifted along the lines, simulating the upright texture of the outer coarse hair and the soft, fluffy texture of the undercoat, creating realistic fur with natural orientation, layering, and lifelike dynamics. Digital path technology primarily serves as a macroscopic guide here; the microscopic tactile sensation and force control remain the core skill of the craftsman.

[0050] Step S56, Detail Processing and Coloring: After the fur has been removed, make detailed adjustments and refinements to the overall piece, such as enhancing the deep features like the corners of the eyes and nostrils. During coloring, use hand-dyeing under the guidance of a color chart, employing shades of gray-black, brown, and white. Focus on creating natural light and shadow transitions and color gradations in the recessed and raised areas formed by the fur removal, representing the color variations and wear-resistance of the wolf fur. The pigments used in this coloring process include, but are not limited to, any one or a combination of acrylic paint, mineral paint, oil-based paint, vegetable-tanned leather alcohol-based paint, water-based paint, vermilion red, gold powder, or silver powder. After coloring, use a colorless leather fixative to set the color.

[0051] Step S6: Digital Identity Generation: After the artwork is completed, it is equipped with an embedded NFC chip. The final 3D model file (including steps S1-S4), hair path data, work record images of key steps (steps 51-S56), and the hash value of the final artwork image are uploaded to a permissioned blockchain (such as AntChain or Zhixin Chain) for archiving. The artwork's digital file is permanently locked and uniquely bound to the chip ID. Collectors can instantly verify the artwork's authenticity and view its complete and tamper-proof "digital birth certificate" by scanning the NFC chip with their mobile phones.

[0052] Example 2: Creating an eagle feather textured leather carving (taking the theme of sharp claws treading on ocean waves as an example) This embodiment demonstrates the application of this process system when processing complex surface textures with clear layers and directions (such as eagle feathers), and further integrates sculptural skeleton technology to create large-scale three-dimensional works.

[0053] The core of this embodiment lies in its advanced implementation method, which employs modular, separate manufacturing, internal skeleton support, and overall assembly.

[0054] In steps S1 to S4, the 3D digital pre-visualization and path planning, a precise 3D digital prototype model is established in 3D software based on the artistic theme of "claws treading on the waves" and the biological structure of the eagle. This model not only plans the distribution of feathers, the direction of the feather shaft, the overlapping relationship of the feather vanes, and the corresponding texture carving paths, but also virtually divides the main structures of the eagle, such as the head, torso, wings, claws, and tail, into parts, and plans the connection interfaces, internal skeleton structure, and assembly positioning marks for each part.

[0055] Before step S52, positioning and shaping, an internal support skeleton is built for each target component based on the 3D digital prototype model. Appropriately thick wires are selected to accurately reproduce the shape and movement of each part (such as wing extension and claw gripping), ensuring compliance with biomechanics. The wire skeleton is then securely fixed to the pre-set support base.

[0056] Subsequently, steps S51 to S56 are performed independently on each target component: vegetable-tanned leather is applied to the skeleton of the corresponding target component, and a precise three-dimensional basic shape is formed by hammering and embossing. In step S54 (texture pre-carving), referring to the main lines of the feather shaft and the partitions of the feathers on the digital model, the skeleton and layered outline of the feathers are carved on the three-dimensional leather surface using a No. 5 leather carving rubbing tool. In step S55 (micro-detail shaping), the texture and edge details of the feathers are shaped piece by piece along the pre-carved outline using a No. 4 leather carving rubbing tool, and the stiff texture and light and shadow layering of the feathers are expressed by controlling the carving depth. In step S56 (detail processing and coloring), each target component is colored, focusing on expressing the color gradient and light and shadow contrast of the feathers. The pigments can be selected from various types and combinations described in Example 1.

[0057] Step S57, Component Assembly and Overall Integration: After all target components are completed, according to the assembly logic preset in the digital model, each leather carving component is precisely aligned, spliced, and fixed using an internal wire frame. The joints are then covered with vegetable-tanned leather or treated with texture blending to create a high-relief leather carving artwork that is complete in form, structurally stable, and dynamically striking.

[0058] Step S6, Digital Identity Generation: Generate a unique digital identity file for the completed work. The hash value of the final 3D model file containing steps S1 to S4, the production process images of each target component, and the final work image is stored on the blockchain and embedded with an NFC chip to provide complete digital traceability.

[0059] This embodiment demonstrates that the process system of the present invention, through modular production and skeleton support technology guided by digital pre-visualization, can not only scientifically represent complex textures such as eagle feathers, but also significantly improve the structural strength, production controllability and visual impact of large leather carving works, expanding the technological boundaries of traditional leather carving in three-dimensional realistic creation.

[0060] Example 3: Taking the production of a leather carving of plum blossoms, orchids, bamboo, and chrysanthemums, titled "Four Screens of Flowers and Birds: Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter," as an example (plant vein and root textures). This embodiment demonstrates the production of a set of four screen-style leather carving works, "Four Screens of Flowers and Birds: Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter," using the process system of the present invention. The works focus on the complex leaf veins, petal textures, branch bark, and root morphology of four plants: plum, orchid, bamboo, and chrysanthemum.

[0061] Steps S1-S4: 3D Digital Pre-visualization and Path Planning: High-precision 3D digital prototype models were created for the four themes: plum blossom, orchid, bamboo, and chrysanthemum. For the vigorous textures of plum blossom branches and the graceful shapes of petals, the ribbon-like veins and flowing posture of orchid leaves, the segmental structure of bamboo and the parallel veins of bamboo leaves, and the layered petals and pinnate veins of chrysanthemum leaves, detailed sculpting was performed using ZBrush. Substance Designer or similar software was used to generate corresponding digital textures of plant epidermis and leaf veins, and KeyShot was used to simulate vegetable-tanned leather materials and seasonal light and shadow effects (such as the freshness of spring orchids, the lushness of summer bamboo, the splendor of autumn chrysanthemums, and the coolness of winter plum blossoms). The system planned the main structural lines, leaf sections, main paths for texture sculpting, and reference data for multi-layered coloring areas for each artwork.

[0062] Step S51, Imprinting and Wetting: Imprint the digital outlines and key structural lines of the four works onto four pieces of high-quality vegetable-tanned leather of the same size. Use a continuous wetting method to keep the vegetable-tanned leather in a suitable softened state throughout the carving process.

[0063] Step S52, Positioning and Shaping: Referring to the digital model, use different types of edging tools to shape the main undulations and turns of the branches. For regular structures such as bamboo joints, use special tools for precise shaping; for the rough surface of old plum tree branches, combine back-side bulging with front-side tapping to create a natural volume with concave and convex shapes.

[0064] Step S53, Filling and Curing: Fill the back of the branches, flower heads and other parts that need to highlight the three-dimensional effect with a light-curing resin mixture, and cure it by local irradiation with ultraviolet light to enhance the stability and expressiveness of its three-dimensional shape.

[0065] Step S54: Texture Pre-carving: The craftsman changes to different special carving tools based on the digital path: for the smooth long veins of orchid leaves, a fine rotating knife is used to draw the main lines; for the pinnate veins of chrysanthemum leaves, a multi-toothed comb-shaped knife is used to carve them in groups; for the ring-shaped joints of bamboo stalks and the cracked texture of plum tree bark, an irregularly edged scraping tool is used to pre-carve the texture.

[0066] Step S55, Micro-detail Shaping: Following the pre-carved texture, use a fine carving tool to further refine the shape. For example, the edges of bamboo leaves are meticulously trimmed to simulate their sharp tips; plum blossom petals are carved with very shallow indentations to create a natural, undulating shape; and the chrysanthemum flower centers are densely dotted with micro-carvings to create a sense of clustering. All operations are performed under the macro-guidance of the digital path, combined with the craftsman's understanding of plant morphology for micro-adjustments.

[0067] Step S56, Detail Processing and Coloring: Perform overall detail adjustments on the four works. For coloring, based on the color palette and the seasonal theme, a combination of multi-layered hand-dyeing and micro-airbrushing was used: plum blossom branches were painted with gray-brown and ochre, embellished with carmine petals; orchid leaves were primarily dark green with a gradient, complemented by pale purple flowers; bamboo stalks and leaves presented a gradient from emerald green to bluish-green; chrysanthemums were depicted with golden yellow, orange-red, and white to represent their lushness. The pigments used included a combination of mineral pigments, water-based pigments, and vegetable-tanned leather dyes. Finally, a color-fixing agent was used to set the colors.

[0068] Step S6: Digital Identity Generation: Generate a unique digital identity series file associated with each of the four works in the set. The hash values ​​of each work's independent 3D model, texture path, production process video, and final product image are uploaded to the blockchain along with the overall series information. Each work is embedded with an NFC chip, allowing collectors to verify it individually or in conjunction with other works, tracing its complete creative lineage and artistic narrative as part of the series.

[0069] Example 4: Taking the creation of the snow mountain leather carving "Snow Wolf" as an example (still life surface texture) This example demonstrates a comprehensive creation that combines complex natural landscape still life surface textures (such as snow-capped mountains, frozen ground, and exposed rock surfaces) with animal subjects.

[0070] Steps S1-S4: 3D Digital Pre-simulation and Path Planning: Construct a complete 3D scene model including the snow wolf and the snow mountain environment. Key simulations include: ① the wolf's fur texture and dynamics; ② the soft, fluffy volume and wind marks of fresh snow; ③ the icy and hard-shell texture of old snow; ④ the cracks and weathered surfaces of exposed rock strata. Using terrain sculpting and texture projection techniques, generate corresponding digital texture models for different areas (such as the granular texture of snow, the smooth reflection of ice, and the rough cracks of rocks), and plan differentiated sculpting paths and coloring schemes.

[0071] Step S51, Imprinting and Wetting: Imprint the complete outline of the image, integrating the main wolf and the background snow-capped mountain, onto a large-format vegetable-tanned leather. Use a zoned wetting method, continuously maintaining the vegetable-tanned leather in the optimal softening state in the corresponding areas according to the order of subsequent carving.

[0072] Step S52, Positioning and Shaping: First, sculpt the main high-relief form of the wolf (the method can be referred to Examples 1 and 2). Then, for the snow mountain background: use a large embossing tool to sculpt the main slopes and valleys of the mountain; use a hammering tool to create the abruptness of the rocks; for the snow in the foreground, use a combination of filling and back pressure to form a layered, gently undulating snow slope volume.

[0073] Step S53, Filling and Curing: Fill the wolf's torso, large rocks, and the back of deep snow areas with filler material. For areas that need to represent the hardness of ice and snow, use light-cured resin and irradiate it to form a stable support; for areas that need to represent the fluffy texture of snow, use soft materials such as ultra-light clay to maintain their plasticity.

[0074] Step S54: Texture pre-carving: Based on the digital plan, use a variety of tools to pre-carve the texture: use a round-headed tool to press out soft depressions in the snow area to simulate wind marks; use a fine-toothed comb-like tool to draw out the faint flow lines on the ice surface; use a sharp carving knife to outline the main crack network of the rock.

[0075] Step S55, Microscopic Detail Shaping: Deep Texture Creation: Use a hair-picking tool to process the wolf fur (same as in Example 1). Use a polishing tool to locally polish the ice surface area to create a smooth, reflective surface. Use a poking and scraping tool to create a fine, granular texture on the snow surface. Use a V-shaped carving knife to deepen the rock fissures and create a peeling texture at the edges.

[0076] Step S56, Detail Processing and Coloring: Perform overall coordination and coloring. Color management is extremely crucial: the wolf fur uses a gray-white-black gradient; the snow uses a large amount of white, gray-blue, and light purple, with very subtle gradients to express light and shadow and a sense of coldness; the rocks use dark gray, brown, and bluish-black to emphasize their heaviness and coldness; the ice surface uses very thin layers of blue-white and highlights to express transparency and reflection. A combination of acrylic paint, mineral pigment micro-spraying, and alcohol dye staining is used to create an immersive natural landscape effect. Finally, overall color fixing is performed.

[0077] Step S57, Component Assembly and Overall Integration: Physically integrate the wolf body with the snow mountain background. Use a pre-set wire frame or connectors to firmly combine the high-relief wolf parts with the vegetable-tanned leather background to ensure structural stability and visual continuity.

[0078] Step S6, Digital Identity Generation: A unique digital identity file is generated for this comprehensive scene artwork. The hash values ​​of its complex 3D scene model, partitioned texture paths, multi-stage production images, and final multi-angle display images are stored on the blockchain. An NFC chip is embedded in the artwork, linking it to an interactive digital exhibition page that showcases its complete creative process from digital blueprint to rich texture realization.

[0079] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather based on digital assistance, characterized in that, The following steps are included: Step S1: Based on the preset design form of the target high-relief leather carving work, construct the corresponding three-dimensional digital prototype model; Step S2: Build a virtual environment that integrates the simulation module for the physical properties of vegetable-tanned leather. Perform a embossing process simulation on the three-dimensional digital prototype model in the virtual environment to reproduce the high-relief three-dimensional shape formed by the embossing process of vegetable-tanned leather. Step S3: Generate a simulated surface texture model that accurately matches the material properties of the target vegetable-tanned leather through physical simulation algorithm calculation; at the same time, based on the virtual lighting system, render dynamic lighting and shadow effects consistent with the actual processing scene, and use the dynamic lighting and shadow effects to verify the visual compatibility between the high relief three-dimensional shape and the simulated surface texture model. Step S4: Based on the three-dimensional digital prototype model and the simulated surface texture model corresponding to the high relief three-dimensional shape obtained from the simulation, and combined with the preset processing accuracy threshold, plan and generate optimized reference path data for macroscopic embossing area processing and microscopic texture carving. Step S5: Generate a target high-relief three-dimensional shape pattern based on the three-dimensional digital prototype model and the simulated surface texture model, and perform leather carving process according to the optimized reference path data to obtain the target high-relief leather carving work; Step S6: Extract the model's digital information and the actual carving information to generate a unique hash value. Store the hash value in a distributed manner using blockchain technology and combine it with the digital identity of the work to form an immutable and traceable digital archive of the work.

2. The method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather based on digital assistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the leather carving process specifically includes the following steps: Step S51, Imprinting and Wetting: Imprint the target high-relief three-dimensional pattern onto the surface of vegetable-tanned leather; wet the vegetable-tanned leather evenly until it softens to a suitable state for subsequent carving. Step S52, Positioning and Shaping: Referring to the optimized reference path data, the key structural parts of the vegetable-tanned leather are precisely tapped and positioned using a chiseling process to complete the basic positioning work; then, uniform pressure is applied to the back of the vegetable-tanned leather to perform a bulging process, forming a preliminary three-dimensional shape; S53. Filling and curing: Filler is filled into the bulging area on the back of the vegetable-tanned leather. The filler provides rigid support and solidifies the preliminary three-dimensional shape to ensure that the vegetable-tanned leather stably maintains the high-relief three-dimensional shape. S54. Texture pre-carving: Based on the optimized reference path data corresponding to the micro-texture carving, a special texture carving tool is used to carve the texture direction lines and pattern outlines that are consistent with the simulated surface texture model on the solidified and shaped vegetable tanned leather high relief surface. S55. Microscopic detail forming: Following the texture direction lines and pattern outlines carved in step S44, use a fine surgical scalpel to perform point-by-point or line-by-line carving operations. By lifting or carving the surface fibers of the vegetable tanned leather, replicate the texture of the simulated surface texture model to form a simulated texture effect component with a three-dimensional dynamic feel and real material texture. S56. Detail processing and coloring: Perform detail processing on the simulated texture effect parts, remove residual defects from processing and correct shape deviations; then perform coloring to ensure uniform color adhesion without damaging the surface texture structure.

3. The method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather based on digital assistance according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S1: If the target high-relief leather carving is assembled from multiple target parts, then a corresponding three-dimensional digital prototype model is constructed for each target part, and the assembly logic of the target high-relief leather carving is set simultaneously. S57. Component Assembly and Overall Integration: After all the high-relief vegetable-tanned leather parts corresponding to the target parts have completed the processing operations of steps S51 to S56, the parts are assembled according to the assembly logic set in step S1. The overall shape is assisted by a wire frame, and metal connectors are used to achieve precise positioning, firm fixation and structural splicing of each part, forming a complete high-relief leather carving work.

4. The method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather based on digital assistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, virtual reality or augmented reality devices are used for auxiliary verification.

5. The method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings of vegetable-tanned leather based on digital assistance according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S54, the special texture engraving tool includes a blade head and a handle, the blade head and the handle are detachably connected, the angle between the blade head and the handle is 15 to 60 degrees, and the blade head includes multiple surgical blades placed side by side.

6. The method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather based on digital assistance according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S53, the filler is a light-curing resin, a thermochromic memory polymer, a mixture of leather powder and adhesive, ultra-light clay or plastic clay, and the amount of filler in the embossed area on the back of the vegetable-tanned leather is adjusted according to the required amplitude and range of three-dimensional undulations. Furthermore, photocurable resins or thermochromic memory polymers can achieve precise secondary adjustments to their local morphology through external energy stimulation.

7. The method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings of vegetable-tanned leather based on digital assistance according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S56, the coloring process is carried out by manual rubbing and a penetrating dye or pigment is selected. The pigments include any one or a combination of acrylic pigments, mineral pigments, oil pigments, alcohol pigments for vegetable tanning leather, water pigments, vermilion red, gold powder, or silver powder.

8. The method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather based on digital assistance according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S56, during the coloring process, the focus is on creating natural light and shadow transitions and color gradients in the recessed and raised areas of the texture, and a colorless leather fixing agent is used for shaping after coloring.

9. The method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings on vegetable-tanned leather based on digital assistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the vegetable-tanned leather physical property simulation module includes at least the elastic modulus, elongation, hardness, and plasticity parameters of vegetable-tanned leather.

10. The method for producing high-relief realistic leather carvings of vegetable-tanned leather based on digital assistance according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the physical simulation algorithm iteratively calculates based on the actual material properties of the target vegetable-tanned leather, including texture density, pore morphology, surface roughness, and color base.

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