Bidirectional power failure early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism

Abstract

This invention discloses a bidirectional power supply fault early warning method based on a hardware protection mechanism, belonging to the field of fault early warning technology. The method includes the following steps: acquiring parameters and signals; calculating the approximation sequence; identifying switching intervals; extracting and shielding micro-triggers; weighted accumulation to obtain an exponent; and threshold comparison for early warning. This invention acquires real-time operating electrical parameters and logic level signals, generates a protection approximation sequence, and identifies energy flow switching intervals. When the logic level signal is not locked and flips, micro-trigger features are extracted and time-domain shielded to obtain an effective micro-trigger sequence. The protection approximation sequence is then weighted and accumulated to obtain a hardware stress residual exponent. Finally, fault early warning is achieved by comparing with a safety threshold, realizing a shift from post-event protection to pre-event early warning. This solves the problem in existing technologies where hardware protection circuits can only cut off the circuit after a fault occurs, failing to provide early warning during device aging or performance degradation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fault early warning technology, and in particular to a bidirectional power supply fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanisms. Background Technology

[0002] Bidirectional power supplies are generally equipped with hardware protection circuits consisting of comparators, such as overcurrent and overvoltage protection. When the operating electrical parameters exceed preset thresholds, the protection circuit outputs a logic level that flips, triggering a shutdown action to prevent equipment damage. This is the last hardware barrier to ensure the safe operation of the power supply equipment.

[0003] However, such hardware protection mechanisms can only respond passively when a fault has already occurred, and cannot provide any early warning information during the slow degradation of power device performance or the gradual deterioration of heat dissipation. Furthermore, during the inherent operation of bidirectional power supplies switching energy flow, rapid changes in current and voltage can easily trigger brief false jitter signals in the protection circuit. Directly monitoring such signals for early warning would lead to frequent false alarms, interfering with normal operation and maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a bidirectional power failure early warning method based on a hardware protection mechanism, which solves the problem that in the prior art, hardware protection circuits can only cut off the circuit after a fault occurs and cannot provide early warning during device aging or performance degradation, thus realizing the transformation from post-event protection to pre-event early warning.

[0005] This application provides a bidirectional power failure early warning method based on a hardware protection mechanism, including:

[0006] The system acquires the real-time operating electrical parameters of the bidirectional power supply and the logic level signals output by the hardware protection circuit. The logic level signals represent the on or off state of the hardware protection devices.

[0007] Based on the difference between the real-time operating electrical parameters and the preset hardware reference value, a protection approximation sequence is generated. The protection approximation sequence reflects the margin between the current operating state and the triggering of hardware protection.

[0008] Identify the polarity changes of real-time operating electrical parameters to determine the energy flow switching range of the bidirectional power supply;

[0009] When the logic level signal is in a non-blocking toggle state, the micro-trigger feature is extracted, and the micro-trigger feature is time-domain masked in combination with the energy flow switching interval to generate an effective micro-trigger sequence.

[0010] The hardware stress residual index is calculated by weighting and accumulating the effective micro-trigger sequence using the protection approximation sequence.

[0011] The hardware stress residual index is compared with a preset safety threshold. When the hardware stress residual index exceeds the preset safety threshold, a fault warning signal is generated and output.

[0012] Furthermore, the acquisition of real-time operating electrical parameters of the bidirectional power supply and the logic level signal output by the hardware protection circuit includes:

[0013] The voltage and current values ​​at the bidirectional power input and output terminals are collected via an analog-to-digital conversion interface as real-time operating electrical parameters.

[0014] The output potentials of the overcurrent protection comparator, overvoltage protection comparator, and overheat protection comparator are acquired in parallel through a general-purpose input / output interface.

[0015] The output potential is mapped to a binary logic level signal, where a high level indicates that the hardware protection is not triggered, and a low level indicates that the hardware protection is activated.

[0016] Furthermore, the step of generating a protection approximation sequence based on the difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and preset hardware reference values ​​includes:

[0017] The hardware protection threshold set in the memory is read as the hardware reference value;

[0018] Calculate the absolute difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and hardware reference values;

[0019] The absolute difference is normalized, and the reciprocal of the normalized value is taken. The larger the value, the closer it is to the hardware protection critical point. A protection approximation sequence is generated based on the difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and preset hardware reference values, including:

[0020] The hardware protection threshold set in the memory is read as the hardware reference value;

[0021] Calculate the absolute difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and hardware reference values;

[0022] The absolute difference is normalized, and the reciprocal of the normalized value is taken to obtain the protection approximation sequence, which is closer to the hardware protection critical point by the larger the value.

[0023] Furthermore, the step of identifying the polarity changes of real-time operating electrical parameters and determining the energy flow switching range of the bidirectional power supply includes:

[0024] Monitor the sign bit of the current value in the real-time operating electrical parameters;

[0025] The moment when a change in the sign bit is detected is recorded as the zero-switching point;

[0026] Centered on the zero-point switching, a preset time length is extended forward and backward to extract and form the energy flow switching interval.

[0027] Furthermore, when the logic level signal is in a non-blocking toggle state, the micro-trigger feature quantity is extracted, and time-domain masking processing is performed on the micro-trigger feature quantity in conjunction with the energy flow switching interval to generate an effective micro-trigger sequence, including:

[0028] Monitor the number of level transitions of logic level signals within a unit time window;

[0029] A signal state in which the number of level transitions is greater than zero and the low level is not maintained for more than the latching time is defined as a non-latching toggle state.

[0030] The number of level transitions in the non-locked flip state is defined as the original micro-trigger value;

[0031] Determine whether the timestamp that generated the original micro-trigger value is within the energy flow switching interval;

[0032] If so, set the original micro-trigger value to zero; otherwise, retain the original micro-trigger value as the micro-trigger feature to form a valid micro-trigger sequence.

[0033] Furthermore, the step of using the protection approximation sequence to perform weighted accumulation on the effective micro-trigger sequence to calculate the hardware stress residual index includes:

[0034] The values ​​in the protection approximation sequence corresponding to each time point in the effective micro-trigger sequence are extracted as weighting factors;

[0035] The weighted micro-trigger value is obtained by multiplying the micro-trigger feature quantity in the effective micro-trigger sequence with the corresponding weighting factor.

[0036] The hardware stress residual index is obtained by integrating and summing all weighted micro-trigger values ​​within the set monitoring period.

[0037] Furthermore, after weighting and accumulating the effective micro-trigger sequence using the protection approximation sequence, the method further includes a dynamic correction step for the protection approximation sequence:

[0038] Calculate the rate of change of the hardware stress residual index during the previous monitoring period.

[0039] Adjust the hardware baseline value used to calculate the protection approximation sequence in the next monitoring cycle based on the rate of change;

[0040] When the rate of change causes the hardware stress residual index to rise, reduce the value of the hardware reference value used for calculation.

[0041] Furthermore, the step of comparing the hardware stress residual index with a preset safety threshold to generate and output a fault warning signal includes:

[0042] The hardware stress residual index was compared with the first-level yellow warning threshold and the second-level red warning threshold respectively;

[0043] When the residual hardware stress index is greater than the first-level yellow warning threshold but less than the second-level red warning threshold, a mild warning signal containing a suggestion to reduce the load is generated.

[0044] When the residual hardware stress index exceeds the level 2 red warning threshold, a severe warning signal is generated, which includes a recommendation to immediately shut down the system for maintenance.

[0045] Furthermore, after identifying the polarity changes of the real-time operating electrical parameters, the method further includes:

[0046] Record the duration of the energy flow switching interval;

[0047] Determine if the duration exceeds the preset dead time limit;

[0048] When the duration exceeds the preset dead time limit, the hardware stress residual index is directly set to the maximum value to trigger a fault warning signal.

[0049] Furthermore, after generating and outputting the fault warning signal, the method further includes:

[0050] The fault warning signal is sent to the host computer management terminal through the communication interface;

[0051] The local alarm indicator light is driven to display the fault level corresponding to the fault warning signal at a preset flashing frequency.

[0052] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0053] The bidirectional power supply fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism provided in this application acquires the real-time operating electrical parameters of the bidirectional power supply and the logic level signal output by the hardware protection circuit; generates a protection approximation sequence based on the difference between the real-time operating electrical parameters and the hardware reference value; identifies the polarity change of the electrical parameters to determine the energy flow switching interval; when the logic level signal is in a non-blocking flip state, extracts micro-trigger feature quantities and combines them with the switching interval for time-domain masking to generate an effective micro-trigger sequence; uses the protection approximation sequence to weight and accumulate the effective micro-trigger sequence to calculate the hardware stress residual index; compares it with a safety threshold and generates a fault early warning signal.

[0054] In this process, the non-blocking flip-over state of the hardware protection circuit at the critical point is used as a micro-trigger feature, realizing the transformation from monitoring whether the protection is triggered to capturing the precursors of the protection action, thereby enabling early warning.

[0055] By identifying the energy flow switching interval and performing time-domain masking on the micro-trigger characteristics within that interval, normal interference signals generated by the bidirectional power supply during commutation are filtered out, thus improving the accuracy of fault feature extraction.

[0056] By weighting and accumulating the effective micro-trigger sequence using the protection approximation sequence, jitter occurring far from the protection threshold is amplified, while jitter occurring close to the threshold is weakened, thus improving the accuracy of device aging condition assessment. Furthermore, the calculation benchmark for the protection approximation is dynamically adjusted based on the historical hardware stress residual index, achieving adaptive adjustment of the warning sensitivity and enabling the system to maintain the effectiveness of its warning capability as device conditions change. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 A flowchart of a bidirectional power fault early warning method based on a hardware protection mechanism provided in this application embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0058] This application provides a bidirectional power fault early warning method based on a hardware protection mechanism, which solves the problem that existing hardware protection circuits can only cut off the circuit after a fault occurs and cannot provide early warning during device aging or performance degradation. By acquiring real-time operating electrical parameters and logic level signals, a protection proximity sequence is generated and the energy flow switching interval is identified. When the logic level signal is not locked and flipped, micro-trigger feature quantities are extracted and time-domain masked to obtain an effective micro-trigger sequence. Then, the protection proximity sequence is used to weight and accumulate the sequence to obtain the hardware stress residual index. Finally, the fault early warning is achieved by comparing with the safety threshold, realizing the transformation from post-event protection to pre-event early warning.

[0059] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a bidirectional power fault early warning method based on a hardware protection mechanism, including:

[0061] Acquisition of parameters and signals: Acquire the real-time operating electrical parameters of the bidirectional power supply and the logic level signals output by the hardware protection circuit. The logic level signals represent the on or off state of the hardware protection devices.

[0062] Furthermore, the acquisition of real-time operating electrical parameters of the bidirectional power supply and the logic level signal output by the hardware protection circuit includes:

[0063] The voltage and current values ​​at the bidirectional power input and output terminals are collected via an analog-to-digital conversion interface as real-time operating electrical parameters.

[0064] The output potentials of the overcurrent protection comparator, overvoltage protection comparator, and overheat protection comparator are acquired in parallel through a general-purpose input / output interface.

[0065] The output potential is mapped to a binary logic level signal, where a high level indicates that the hardware protection is not triggered, and a low level indicates that the hardware protection is activated.

[0066] In this embodiment, a fixed sampling frequency is achieved through an analog-to-digital conversion interface. The output signals from the voltage and current sensors at the bidirectional power input and output terminals are acquired to obtain digitized input and output voltage values. , and input and output current values , ,in This indicates the sampling time. The output potentials of the overcurrent protection comparator, overvoltage protection comparator, and overtemperature protection comparator are read in parallel through multiple pins of the general-purpose input / output interface. When the output potential is high (e.g., 3.3V or 5V), it is mapped to a logic high level (binary 1); when the output potential is low (e.g., 0V), it is mapped to a logic low level (binary 0). This mapping is based on digital circuit level standards and is used to reflect the state of the hardware protection devices.

[0067] Calculate the approximation sequence: Based on the difference between the real-time operating electrical parameters and the preset hardware reference value, a protection approximation sequence is generated. The protection approximation sequence reflects the margin between the current operating state and the triggering of hardware protection.

[0068] Furthermore, the step of generating a protection approximation sequence based on the difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and preset hardware reference values ​​includes:

[0069] The hardware protection threshold set in the memory is read as the hardware reference value;

[0070] Calculate the absolute difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and hardware reference values;

[0071] The absolute difference is normalized, and the reciprocal of the normalized value is taken. The larger the value, the closer it is to the hardware protection critical point. A protection approximation sequence is generated based on the difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and preset hardware reference values, including:

[0072] The hardware protection threshold set in the memory is read as the hardware reference value;

[0073] Calculate the absolute difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and hardware reference values;

[0074] The absolute difference is normalized, and the reciprocal of the normalized value is taken to obtain the protection approximation sequence, which is closer to the hardware protection critical point by the larger the value.

[0075] In this embodiment, the set overcurrent protection threshold is read from the memory. Overvoltage protection threshold and overheat protection threshold As a hardware baseline. For each real-time operating electrical parameter , such as electric current Calculate its value and the corresponding hardware benchmark value. absolute difference .

[0076] Normalization using reference values ,in Set as hardware baseline value A fixed ratio, for example Calculate the normalized value Protecting approximation pass Calculation, make The larger the value, the closer it is to the protection threshold.

[0077] Identify switching intervals: Identify the polarity changes of real-time operating electrical parameters to determine the energy flow switching intervals of the bidirectional power supply.

[0078] Furthermore, the step of identifying the polarity changes of real-time operating electrical parameters and determining the energy flow switching range of the bidirectional power supply includes:

[0079] Monitor the sign bit of the current value in the real-time operating electrical parameters;

[0080] The moment when a change in the sign bit is detected is recorded as the zero-switching point;

[0081] Centered on the zero-point switching, a preset time length is extended forward and backward to extract and form the energy flow switching interval.

[0082] In this embodiment, the current value is monitored in the real-time operating electrical parameters. The sign bit indicates that energy is flowing out, and the sign bit is negative.

[0083] When the sign bit changes from positive to negative or from negative to positive, the sampling point at which the sign change occurs is recorded. The switching zero point is determined by linear interpolation or by finding the point where the absolute value of the current is minimum. .

[0084] Preset time length Based on the commutation characteristics of the bidirectional power supply, for example... Milliseconds. The energy flow switching interval is... It is used to shield commutation noise.

[0085] Furthermore, after identifying the polarity changes of the real-time operating electrical parameters, the method further includes:

[0086] Record the duration of the energy flow switching interval;

[0087] Determine if the duration exceeds the preset dead time limit;

[0088] When the duration exceeds the preset dead time limit, the hardware stress residual index is directly set to the maximum value to trigger a fault warning signal.

[0089] In this embodiment, the duration of the energy flow switching interval is recorded. ,in This is the preset time length.

[0090] Dead Zone Time Limit Set according to the maximum allowable commutation time of the power supply, such as Milliseconds. If Then the hardware stress residual index is directly used. Set to maximum value ,like This value is greater than the level 2 red alert threshold. This immediately triggers a severe warning signal.

[0091] Extract and mask micro-triggers: When the logic level signal is in a non-blocking toggle state, extract the micro-trigger characteristics and perform time-domain masking on the micro-trigger characteristics in conjunction with the energy flow switching interval to generate an effective micro-trigger sequence.

[0092] Furthermore, when the logic level signal is in a non-blocking toggle state, the micro-trigger feature quantity is extracted, and time-domain masking processing is performed on the micro-trigger feature quantity in conjunction with the energy flow switching interval to generate an effective micro-trigger sequence, including:

[0093] Monitor the number of level transitions of logic level signals within a unit time window;

[0094] A signal state in which the number of level transitions is greater than zero and the low level is not maintained for more than the latching time is defined as a non-latching toggle state.

[0095] The number of level transitions in the non-locked flip state is defined as the original micro-trigger value;

[0096] Determine whether the timestamp that generated the original micro-trigger value is within the energy flow switching interval;

[0097] If so, set the original micro-trigger value to zero; otherwise, retain the original micro-trigger value as the micro-trigger feature to form a valid micro-trigger sequence.

[0098] In this embodiment, the unit time window length is set. ,like Milliseconds, counting the number of logic level transitions within each sliding window. Lockout time Determined by the hardware protection circuit design, such as Microseconds.

[0099] when And the duration of the logic low level is less than When the state is determined to be a non-locked flip-flop state, the original micro-trigger value is... .

[0100] Time-domain masking is performed by judging the timestamp. Does it meet the requirements? To achieve this, if the condition is met, then the effective micro-trigger value is... ,otherwise .

[0101] Weighted cumulative index: The residual hardware stress index is calculated by weighting the effective micro-trigger sequence using the protection approximation sequence.

[0102] Furthermore, the step of using the protection approximation sequence to perform weighted accumulation on the effective micro-trigger sequence to calculate the hardware stress residual index includes:

[0103] The values ​​in the protection approximation sequence corresponding to each time point in the effective micro-trigger sequence are extracted as weighting factors;

[0104] The weighted micro-trigger value is obtained by multiplying the micro-trigger feature quantity in the effective micro-trigger sequence with the corresponding weighting factor.

[0105] The hardware stress residual index is obtained by integrating and summing all weighted micro-trigger values ​​within the set monitoring period.

[0106] In this embodiment, time points are extracted from the protection approximation sequence. Corresponding protection approximation As a weighting factor.

[0107] Weighted micro-trigger value pass calculate.

[0108] Monitoring cycle Set to a fixed duration, such as Second.

[0109] Hardware stress residual index pass calculate.

[0110] Specifically, after weighting and accumulating the effective micro-trigger sequence using the protection approximation sequence, the method further includes a dynamic correction step for the protection approximation sequence:

[0111] Calculate the rate of change of the hardware stress residual index during the previous monitoring period.

[0112] Adjust the hardware baseline value used to calculate the protection approximation sequence in the next monitoring cycle based on the rate of change;

[0113] When the rate of change causes the hardware stress residual index to rise, the value of the hardware reference value used for calculation is reduced, thereby calculating a higher protection approximation sequence value in the next cycle.

[0114] In this embodiment, the rate of change of the hardware stress residual index during the previous monitoring period is calculated. The formula is ,in and They represent the first and Hardware stress residual index during the monitoring cycle.

[0115] According to the rate of change Adjust the hardware baseline value for the next monitoring cycle. :

[0116] like Then according to Reduce the old baseline value, where For example, the sensitivity adjustment coefficient, ;

[0117] like Then keep the old benchmark value. constant.

[0118] After adjustment, the protection approximation sequence is recalculated to make the early warning sensitivity adaptive.

[0119] Threshold comparison warning: The hardware stress residual index is compared with the preset safety threshold. When the hardware stress residual index exceeds the preset safety threshold, a fault warning signal is generated and output.

[0120] Furthermore, the step of comparing the hardware stress residual index with a preset safety threshold to generate and output a fault warning signal includes:

[0121] The hardware stress residual index was compared with the first-level yellow warning threshold and the second-level red warning threshold respectively;

[0122] When the residual hardware stress index is greater than the first-level yellow warning threshold but less than the second-level red warning threshold, a mild warning signal containing a suggestion to reduce the load is generated.

[0123] When the residual hardware stress index exceeds the level 2 red warning threshold, a severe warning signal is generated, which includes a recommendation to immediately shut down the system for maintenance.

[0124] In this embodiment, the hardware stress residual index is... Compared with the preset Level 1 Yellow Warning Threshold and Level II Red Alert Threshold In comparison, among them .

[0125] like This generates a mild warning signal;

[0126] like This generates a severe early warning signal.

[0127] Furthermore, after generating and outputting the fault warning signal, the method further includes:

[0128] The fault warning signal is sent to the host computer management terminal through the communication interface;

[0129] The local alarm indicator light is driven to display the fault level corresponding to the fault warning signal at a preset flashing frequency.

[0130] In this embodiment, the fault warning signal is sent to the host computer management system via a communication interface (such as CAN, UART or Ethernet) according to a predefined protocol (such as Modbus RTU).

[0131] The local alarm indicator light is controlled through a universal output interface. It flashes at a low frequency (e.g., 1Hz) for mild warnings and at a high frequency (e.g., 5Hz) for severe warnings. The flashing frequency is achieved through a pulse width modulation signal.

[0132] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0133] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product.

[0134] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0135] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0136] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0137] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bidirectional power supply fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The system acquires the real-time operating electrical parameters of the bidirectional power supply and the logic level signals output by the hardware protection circuit. The logic level signals represent the on or off state of the hardware protection devices. Based on the difference between the real-time operating electrical parameters and the preset hardware reference value, a protection approximation sequence is generated. The protection approximation sequence reflects the margin between the current operating state and the triggering of hardware protection. Identify the polarity changes of real-time operating electrical parameters to determine the energy flow switching range of the bidirectional power supply; When the logic level signal is in a non-blocking toggle state, the micro-trigger feature is extracted, and the micro-trigger feature is time-domain masked in combination with the energy flow switching interval to generate an effective micro-trigger sequence. The hardware stress residual index is calculated by weighting and accumulating the effective micro-trigger sequence using the protection approximation sequence. The hardware stress residual index is compared with a preset safety threshold. When the hardware stress residual index exceeds the preset safety threshold, a fault warning signal is generated and output.

2. The bidirectional power supply fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of real-time operating electrical parameters of the bidirectional power supply and logic level signals output by the hardware protection circuit includes: The voltage and current values ​​at the bidirectional power input and output terminals are collected via an analog-to-digital conversion interface as real-time operating electrical parameters. The output potentials of the overcurrent protection comparator, overvoltage protection comparator, and overheat protection comparator are acquired in parallel through a general-purpose input / output interface. The output potential is mapped to a binary logic level signal, where a high level indicates that the hardware protection is not triggered, and a low level indicates that the hardware protection is activated.

3. The bidirectional power fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating a protection approximation sequence based on the difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and preset hardware reference values ​​includes: The hardware protection threshold set in the memory is read as the hardware reference value; Calculate the absolute difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and hardware reference values; The absolute difference is normalized, and the reciprocal of the normalized value is taken. The larger the value, the closer it is to the hardware protection critical point. A protection approximation sequence is generated based on the difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and preset hardware reference values, including: The hardware protection threshold set in the memory is read as the hardware reference value; Calculate the absolute difference between real-time operating electrical parameters and hardware reference values; The absolute difference is normalized, and the reciprocal of the normalized value is taken to obtain the protection approximation sequence, which is closer to the hardware protection critical point by the larger the value.

4. The bidirectional power fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of identifying the polarity changes of real-time operating electrical parameters and determining the energy flow switching range of the bidirectional power supply includes: Monitor the sign bit of the current value in the real-time operating electrical parameters; The moment when a change in the sign bit is detected is recorded as the zero-switching point; Centered on the zero-point switching, a preset time length is extended forward and backward to extract and form the energy flow switching interval.

5. The bidirectional power supply fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the logic level signal is in a non-blocking toggle state, the micro-trigger feature quantity is extracted, and time-domain masking processing is performed on the micro-trigger feature quantity in conjunction with the energy flow switching interval to generate an effective micro-trigger sequence, including: Monitor the number of level transitions of logic level signals within a unit time window; A signal state in which the number of level transitions is greater than zero and the low level is not maintained for more than the latching time is defined as a non-latching toggle state. The number of level transitions in the non-locked flip state is defined as the original micro-trigger value; Determine whether the timestamp that generated the original micro-trigger value is within the energy flow switching interval; If so, set the original micro-trigger value to zero; otherwise, retain the original micro-trigger value as the micro-trigger feature to form a valid micro-trigger sequence.

6. The bidirectional power fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The step of using the protection approximation sequence to weight and accumulate the effective micro-trigger sequence to calculate the hardware stress residual index includes: The values ​​in the protection approximation sequence corresponding to each time point in the effective micro-trigger sequence are extracted as weighting factors; The weighted micro-trigger value is obtained by multiplying the micro-trigger feature quantity in the effective micro-trigger sequence with the corresponding weighting factor. The hardware stress residual index is obtained by integrating and summing all weighted micro-trigger values ​​within the set monitoring period.

7. The bidirectional power supply fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism as described in claim 6, characterized in that, After weighting and accumulating the effective micro-trigger sequence using the protection approximation sequence, the method further includes a dynamic correction step for the protection approximation sequence: Calculate the rate of change of the hardware stress residual index during the previous monitoring period. Adjust the hardware baseline value used to calculate the protection approximation sequence in the next monitoring cycle based on the rate of change; When the rate of change causes the hardware stress residual index to rise, reduce the value of the hardware reference value used for calculation.

8. The bidirectional power supply fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of comparing the hardware stress residual index with a preset safety threshold, generating a fault warning signal, and outputting it includes: The hardware stress residual index was compared with the first-level yellow warning threshold and the second-level red warning threshold respectively; When the residual hardware stress index is greater than the first-level yellow warning threshold but less than the second-level red warning threshold, a mild warning signal containing a suggestion to reduce the load is generated. When the residual hardware stress index exceeds the level 2 red warning threshold, a severe warning signal is generated, which includes a recommendation to immediately shut down the system for maintenance.

9. The bidirectional power supply fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After identifying the polarity changes of real-time operating electrical parameters, the method further includes: Record the duration of the energy flow switching interval; Determine if the duration exceeds the preset dead time limit; When the duration exceeds the preset dead time limit, the hardware stress residual index is directly set to the maximum value to trigger a fault warning signal.

10. The bidirectional power fault early warning method based on hardware protection mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After generating and outputting the fault warning signal, the method further includes: The fault warning signal is sent to the host computer management terminal through the communication interface; The local alarm indicator light is driven to display the fault level corresponding to the fault warning signal at a preset flashing frequency.

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