Direct current motor negative power supply driving circuit

Abstract

The application discloses a DC motor negative power driving circuit, and particularly relates to the technical field of motor driving, which has the technical features that a power input unit is used for reducing the voltage of a power supply and monitoring the voltage of the power supply, and the voltage input of the power supply is stopped when the voltage exceeds a preset threshold; a motor adjustment detection unit is used for receiving the voltage output by the power input unit, identifying and detecting the positive and negative rotation of the voltage, and outputting an adjustment action signal; a motor adjustment locking unit is used for receiving and locking the adjustment action signal output by the motor adjustment detection unit, and controlling the signal locking time; a motor driving and monitoring unit is used for receiving the adjustment action signal output by the motor adjustment locking unit, driving and controlling the motor based on the adjustment action signal, and monitoring the running current of the motor and the in-place state, and triggering the motor adjustment to stop when the overcurrent condition and the in-place condition are reached.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of motor drive technology, and more specifically to a DC motor negative power supply drive circuit. Background Technology

[0002] In the production process of oil and gas wells in oilfields, various downhole monitoring and measurement instruments and equipment are used to transform the invisible dynamics of underground reservoirs into quantifiable data, providing precise support for optimizing development plans, controlling production risks, and improving recovery rates. After the development plan is designed, controllable downhole instruments are needed to penetrate thousands of meters into the well to execute the plan. Among the actuators, DC motors are the most common and cost-effective choice. However, with the continuous improvement of logging requirements, the number of instruments deployed in a single well run has surged, resulting in insufficient communication channels with the actuators and making it impossible to control the motors by sending commands.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need in oilfield production for a circuit that can control and regulate DC motors without sending control commands when carrying multiple instruments down into the well in a single trip. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that existing DC motor drive circuits have drawbacks such as being unable to adapt to negative input power supplies and being unable to select the operating mode based on the input voltage after startup. The purpose is to provide a DC motor negative power supply drive circuit that can receive negative power input without the need for controllers such as MCUs, DSPs, or FPGAs and software programs. It relies entirely on hardware circuitry to regulate and control the DC motor by detecting the input power supply voltage, while also ensuring that the DC motor automatically stops after reaching its operating position. In addition, it also has motor current monitoring and current limiting protection functions, and the protection current can be manually adjusted according to user needs.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A DC motor negative power supply drive circuit, the circuit includes:

[0007] The power input unit is used for power voltage input and voltage reduction processing, and for monitoring the power voltage and stopping power voltage input when the power voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold.

[0008] The motor adjustment and detection unit has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the power input unit. It is used to receive the power supply voltage output by the power input unit, identify and detect the forward and reverse rotation of the power supply voltage, and output an adjustment action signal.

[0009] The motor adjustment locking unit has its input end connected to the output end of the motor adjustment detection unit. It is used to receive and lock the adjustment action signal output by the motor adjustment detection unit and control the signal locking time.

[0010] The motor drive and monitoring unit, with its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, is used to receive the adjustment action signal output by the motor adjustment and locking unit and to drive and control the motor based on the adjustment action signal; as well as to monitor the motor operating current and positioning status, and to trigger the motor adjustment to stop after the overcurrent condition and positioning condition are reached.

[0011] Furthermore, the power input unit includes an input power protection circuit and a power conversion circuit connected to the input power protection circuit;

[0012] The input terminal of the input power protection circuit is used to input the power supply voltage, and its output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the motor adjustment and detection unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the input power protection circuit includes fuse F1, diode D8, resistors R33, R37, R35, R34, R39, Zener diodes D12 and D9, and transistors Q17 and Q16.

[0014] Fuse F1 is connected to the cathode of diode D8. The anode of diode D8 is connected to one end of resistor R34. The other end of resistor R34 is connected to one end of resistor R39, and the other end of resistor R39 is grounded. Zener diode D9 is connected in parallel with resistor R34, and its anode is connected to the anode of D8. The source of transistor Q16 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D9, the gate of transistor Q16 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode D9, and the drain of transistor Q16 is connected to the -VCC power network. The anode of diode D8 is also connected to one end of resistor R33. The other end of resistor R33 is connected to the common terminal of resistors R37 and R35. The other end of R37 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D12, the cathode of Zener diode D12 is grounded, and the other end of R37 is connected to the base of transistor Q17. The emitter of transistor Q17 is connected to the anode of D8, and the collector of transistor Q17 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode D9.

[0015] The power conversion circuit includes resistors R31 and R32, Zener diode D10, and capacitors C6 and C7.

[0016] One end of capacitor C6 is grounded, and the other end of C6 and one end of resistor R31 are connected to the -VCC power supply network. One end of resistor R31 is connected to one end of resistor R32, and the other end of resistor R32 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D10. The cathode of Zener diode D10 is grounded. One end of capacitor C7 is connected to the common terminal of resistors R31 and R32, and one end of capacitor C7 is also connected to the -5V power supply. The other end of capacitor C7 is grounded.

[0017] Furthermore, the motor adjustment detection unit includes a motor forward rotation detection circuit and a motor reverse rotation detection circuit;

[0018] The input terminals of both the motor forward rotation detection circuit and the motor reverse rotation detection circuit are connected to the output terminal of the power input unit;

[0019] The outputs of both the motor forward rotation detection circuit and the motor reverse rotation detection circuit are connected to the input of the motor adjustment and locking unit.

[0020] Furthermore, the forward rotation detection circuit includes resistors R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8, transistors Q1, Q2, and Q3, and Zener diodes D3 and D4;

[0021] Resistors R4 and R6 are connected in series with Zener diode D3, with one end of R6 grounded and the anode of D3 connected to -VCC; resistors R5 and R7 are connected in series with Zener diode D4, with one end of R7 grounded and the anode of D4 connected to the -VCC power supply; the emitter of Q3 is grounded, the base of Q3 is connected to the common terminal of R4 and R6, and the collector of Q3 is connected to the common terminal of R5 and R7; the emitter of Q2 is grounded, the collector of Q2 is connected to the common terminal of Q1 and R1, the base of Q2 is connected to the common terminal of R5 and R7, and the other end of R1 is connected to the -5V power supply; the emitter of Q1 is connected to -5V, one end of R8 is grounded, and the other end of R8 is connected to the collector of Q1;

[0022] The motor reverse rotation detection circuit includes resistors R2, R3, R9, R10, R11, and R12, transistors Q4, Q5, and Q6, and Zener diodes D1 and D2.

[0023] Resistors R2 and R10 are connected in series with Zener diode D1, with one end of R10 grounded and the anode of D1 connected to -VCC. Resistors R3 and R11 are connected in series with Zener diode D2, with one end of R11 grounded and the anode of D2 connected to the -VCC power supply. The emitter of Q6 is grounded, the base of Q6 is connected to the common terminal of R2 and R10, and the collector of Q6 is connected to the common terminal of R3 and R11. The emitter of Q5 is grounded, the collector of Q5 is connected to the common terminal of Q4 and R9, the base of Q5 is connected to the common terminal of R3 and R11, and the other end of R9 is connected to the -5V power supply. The emitter of Q4 is connected to the -5V power supply, one end of R12 is grounded, and the other end of R12 is connected to the collector of Q4.

[0024] Furthermore, the motor adjustment locking unit includes a motor sleep locking circuit, a motor adjustment locking circuit, a first-level timing circuit, and a second-level timing circuit;

[0025] The input terminal of the motor sleep lock circuit is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment detection unit, and the output terminal of the motor sleep lock circuit is connected to the input terminal of the motor adjustment lock circuit.

[0026] The input terminal of the motor adjustment locking unit is also connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment detection unit, and the output terminal of the motor adjustment locking circuit is connected to the input terminal of the motor drive and monitoring unit.

[0027] The output of the first-level timing circuit is connected to the input of the motor sleep lock circuit and the motor adjustment lock circuit, respectively.

[0028] The output of the secondary timing circuit is connected to the input of the motor adjustment and locking circuit.

[0029] Furthermore, the motor regulation locking circuit includes NAND gates U5A, U5B, U5C, and U5D, three-input OR gates U4A and U6A, and resistors R16 and R18.

[0030] The output of the motor adjustment and detection unit is simultaneously connected to one input of NAND gate U5A and one input of NAND gate U5D.

[0031] The output of the first-level timing circuit is simultaneously connected to another input of NAND gate U5A and another input of U5D.

[0032] The output of NAND gate U5A is connected to one input of NAND gate U5B, and the output of NAND gate U5D is connected to one input of NAND gate U5C.

[0033] The other input of NAND gate U5B is connected to the output of NAND gate U5C, and the output of NAND gate U5B is connected to the other input of NAND gate U5C.

[0034] The output of NAND gate U5C, the output of motor sleep lock circuit, and the output of secondary timing circuit are respectively connected to the three inputs of three-input OR gate U4A. The output of three-input OR gate U4A generates a locking adjustment signal.

[0035] The output of NAND gate U5B, the output of motor sleep lock circuit, and the output of secondary timing circuit are respectively connected to the three inputs of three-input OR gate U6A. The output of three-input OR gate U6A generates a locking adjustment signal.

[0036] One end of resistor R16 is connected to the output terminal of the three-input OR gate U4A, and the other end of resistor R16 is connected to a -5V power supply.

[0037] One end of resistor R18 is connected to the output terminal of the three-input OR gate U6A, and the other end of resistor R18 is connected to a -5V power supply.

[0038] The motor sleep lockout circuit includes NAND gate U3A, resistor R14, NOT gate U1A, and NAND gates U2A, U2B, U2C, and U2D.

[0039] The output of the motor adjustment and detection unit is simultaneously connected to both inputs of the NAND gate U3A.

[0040] One end of resistor R14 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R14 is connected to the output of NAND gate U3A, as well as the input of NOT gate U1A and one input of NAND gate U2A. The output of NOT gate U1A is connected to one input of NOT gate U2D.

[0041] The output of the first-level timing circuit is simultaneously connected to the other input of the NAND gate U2D and the other input of the U2A;

[0042] The output of NAND gate U2A is connected to one input of NAND gate U2B, and the output of NAND gate U2D is connected to one input of NAND gate U2C.

[0043] The other input of NAND gate U2B is connected to the output of NAND gate U2C, and the output of NAND gate U2B is connected to the other input of NAND gate U2C. The output of NAND gate U2B generates a locked motor sleep signal.

[0044] Furthermore, the first-stage timing circuit includes resistors R17 and R19, transistor Q8, and polarized capacitor C2;

[0045] One end of the resistor R17 is connected to a -5V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R17 is connected to the negative terminal of the polarized capacitor C2 and the base of the transistor Q8. The positive terminal of the polarized capacitor C2 is grounded.

[0046] The collector of transistor Q8 is connected to a -5V power supply. One end of resistor R19 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R19 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q8 and serves as the output of the first-stage timing circuit.

[0047] The secondary timing circuit includes resistors R13 and R15, transistor Q7, and polarized capacitor C1;

[0048] One end of the resistor R13 is connected to a -5V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the negative terminal of the polarized capacitor C1 and the base of the transistor Q7. The positive terminal of the polarized capacitor C1 is grounded.

[0049] The collector of transistor Q7 is connected to a -5V power supply. One end of resistor R15 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R15 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q7 and serves as the output of the secondary timing circuit.

[0050] Furthermore, the motor drive and monitoring unit includes a motor adjustment drive circuit, a motor operation positioning detection circuit, and an overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit;

[0051] The input terminal of the motor adjustment drive circuit is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment locking unit, and the output terminal of the motor adjustment drive circuit is connected to the input terminals of the motor operation position detection circuit and the overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit, respectively.

[0052] The output terminal of the overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit is connected to the power input unit.

[0053] Furthermore, the motor adjustment drive circuit includes a forward adjustment bridge arm and a reverse adjustment bridge arm; the motor operation positioning detection circuit includes switches S1 and S2;

[0054] The sinusoidal adjustment bridge arm includes transistors Q14 and Q9, and diode D7; the gate of transistor Q14 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment locking unit, the source of transistor Q14 is connected to the ground plane, the drain of transistor Q14 is connected to the anode of diode D7, the cathode of diode D7 is connected to one end of switch S2, and the other end of switch S2 is connected to one end of the motor.

[0055] The gate of transistor Q9 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, the source of transistor Q14 is connected to the -VCC power supply, and the drain of transistor Q14 is connected to the other end of the motor.

[0056] The reverse regulating bridge arm includes transistors Q13 and Q10, diode D6, and Zener diode D5;

[0057] The gate of transistor Q10 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, the source of transistor Q10 is connected to the -VCC power supply, the drain of transistor Q10 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D5, the cathode of Zener diode D5 is connected to the anode of diode D6, the cathode of diode D6 is connected to one end of switch S1, and the other end of switch S1 is connected to one end of the motor.

[0058] The gate of transistor Q13 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, the source of transistor Q13 is connected to the ground plane, and the drain of transistor Q14 is connected to the other end of the motor.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0060] This invention can accept negative voltage power input and has a self-protection function for exceeding the allowable voltage range, which improves the robustness of the equipment to a certain extent. It allows users to manually set the power supply voltage to control the device's forward, reverse, or no adjustment. This function is implemented using pure hardware circuitry, eliminating the need for controller chips, programming, and software debugging, thus saving both hardware and time costs. It features automatic stop upon reaching the target position and current limiting protection, minimizing damage to the DC motor and circuit board. Furthermore, the circuit principle and structure are relatively simple, facilitating maintenance and modification. The circuit board can also be made very small, making it suitable for use in confined spaces such as downhole instruments, thus possessing significant practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0061] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a DC motor negative power supply drive circuit according to the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the input power protection circuit of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power conversion circuit of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the motor forward rotation detection circuit of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the motor reverse rotation detection circuit of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the motor sleep lock circuit of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the motor adjustment locking circuit of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the first-stage timing circuit of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the two-stage timing circuit of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the motor adjustment drive circuit of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the motor positioning detection circuit of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0074] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments to aid understanding, and should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0075] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the use of terms such as "first," "second," etc., to describe various elements is not intended to limit the positional, temporal, or importance relationships of these elements; such terms are merely used to distinguish one element from another. In some examples, the first element and the second element may refer to the same instance of that element, while in other cases, based on the context, they may refer to different instances.

[0076] It should be noted that if a description is made of "connecting" one component to another, then the first component can be directly connected to the second component, and a third component can be "connected" between the first and second components. Conversely, when a component is "directly connected" to another component, it can be understood that there is no third component between the first and second components.

[0077] The terminology used in the description of the various examples in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise, an element may be one or more unless the number of elements is specifically limited. Furthermore, the term "and / or" as used in this disclosure covers any one of the listed items and all possible combinations thereof.

[0078] A transistor is a single component based on semiconductor materials, including diodes, triodes, field-effect transistors, and thyristors (the latter three are three-terminal) made of various semiconductor materials. Transistors are semiconductor devices commonly used in amplifiers and electronic switches. They are the fundamental building blocks that regulate the operation of computers, mobile phones, and all other modern electronic circuits. Due to their fast response and high accuracy, transistors are used in a wide variety of digital and analog functions, including amplification, switching, voltage regulation, signal modulation, and oscillators. Transistors can be packaged independently or as a part of an integrated circuit containing one hundred million or more transistors in a very small area.

[0079] Logic gates are the most basic building blocks of digital circuits. They perform basic logical operations by processing high and low levels (representing 1 and 0 in binary, respectively). They include basic logic gates such as AND, OR, and NOT gates, as well as compound logic gates such as NAND, NOR, and XOR gates. They are the cornerstone of building all complex digital systems.

[0080] The basic logic gate operation rules are as follows: AND gates perform AND operations on input signals: if both input signals (at least two input signals) are high, the output is high; otherwise, the output is low. OR gates perform OR operations on input signals (at least two input signals): if both input signals are low, the output is low; otherwise, the output is high. NOT gates perform NOT operations on input signals (only one input signal): if the input signal is high, the output is low; otherwise, the output is high.

[0081] Example

[0082] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the module connection of a DC motor negative power supply drive circuit is shown. The DC motor negative power supply drive circuit provided by this invention is a controlled adjustment component for oil and gas wells in oil fields, but its application in other practical scenarios is not limited. The circuit includes:

[0083] The power input unit is used for power voltage input and voltage reduction processing, and for monitoring the power voltage and stopping power voltage input when the power voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold.

[0084] The motor adjustment and detection unit has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the power input unit. It is used to receive the power supply voltage output by the power input unit, identify and detect the forward and reverse rotation of the power supply voltage, and output an adjustment action signal.

[0085] The motor adjustment locking unit has its input end connected to the output end of the motor adjustment detection unit. It is used to receive and lock the adjustment action signal output by the motor adjustment detection unit and control the signal locking time.

[0086] The motor drive and monitoring unit, with its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, is used to receive the adjustment action signal output by the motor adjustment and locking unit and to drive and control the motor based on the adjustment action signal; as well as to monitor the motor operating current and positioning status, and to trigger the motor adjustment to stop after the overcurrent condition and positioning condition are reached.

[0087] Specifically, in this embodiment, the power input unit is used to input the power supply voltage, monitor and limit the input power supply voltage to protect the downstream unit modules, and step down the voltage to supply power to the downstream unit modules; the motor adjustment detection unit is used to receive the power supply voltage after stepping down by the power input unit, and to identify and detect the forward and reverse rotation of the power supply voltage, and output adjustment action signals including forward adjustment signals and reverse adjustment signals; the motor adjustment detection unit is used to receive the adjustment action signals, and to provide timing and identify and lock the target operation to ensure that subsequent changes in input voltage do not affect motor adjustment; the motor drive and monitoring unit is used to receive the locked adjustment action signals, and to drive the DC motor to adjust forward or reverse based on the adjustment action signals, identify the motor operation status, and monitor the motor operating current.

[0088] In one possible implementation, the power input unit includes an input power protection circuit and a power conversion circuit connected to the input power protection circuit; the input terminal of the input power protection circuit is used to input the power supply voltage, and its output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the motor adjustment and detection unit.

[0089] Among them, see Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the input power protection circuit is shown. The input power protection circuit includes fuse F1, diode D8, resistors R33, R37, R35, R34, and R39, Zener diodes D12 and D9, and transistors Q17 and Q16.

[0090] Fuse F1 is connected to the cathode of diode D8. The anode of diode D8 is connected to one end of resistor R34. The other end of resistor R34 is connected to one end of resistor R39, and the other end of resistor R39 is grounded. Zener diode D9 is connected in parallel with resistor R34, and its anode is connected to the anode of D8. The source of transistor Q16 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D9, the gate of transistor Q16 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode D9, and the drain of transistor Q16 is connected to the -VCC power network. The anode of diode D8 is also connected to one end of resistor R33. The other end of resistor R33 is connected to the common terminal of resistors R37 and R35. The other end of R37 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D12, the cathode of Zener diode D12 is grounded, and the other end of R37 is connected to the base of transistor Q17. The emitter of transistor Q17 is connected to the anode of D8, and the collector of transistor Q17 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode D9.

[0091] See Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a power conversion circuit is shown. The power conversion circuit includes resistors R31 and R32, a Zener diode D10, and a capacitor C7.

[0092] One end of capacitor C6 is grounded, and the other end of C6 is connected to the -VCC power supply network along with one end of resistor R31. The other end of resistor R31 is connected to one end of resistor R32, and the other end of resistor R32 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D10, while the cathode of Zener diode D10 is grounded. One end of capacitor C7 is connected to the common terminal of resistors R31 and R32, and one end of capacitor C7 is also connected to the -5V power supply. The other end of capacitor C7 is grounded.

[0093] Specifically, in this embodiment, the fuse F1 has the characteristic of automatically blowing when the rated current exceeds the limit, which can further protect the subsequent unit circuit. The diode D8 is reverse connected to the power supply so that the circuit can accept the negative power supply. When the positive power supply is connected, its reverse cut-off characteristic can protect the subsequent unit circuit.

[0094] Simultaneously, when the input power is applied across the series resistors R34 and R39, a voltage divider will be generated across resistor R34. When this voltage divider is greater than the turn-on threshold voltage of transistor Q16, transistor Q16 will enter the turn-on state from the off state. At this time, the drain voltage of transistor Q16 is the input voltage, thereby realizing the selection of the start-up voltage. In this embodiment, the turn-on threshold voltage of transistor Q16 is set to -40V, but in other embodiments, it can be set to other target voltage values.

[0095] When the input power is applied across the series resistors R33 and R37 and the Zener diode D12, a voltage divider will be generated across resistor R33. When this voltage divider exceeds the turn-on threshold voltage of transistor Q17, transistor Q17 will transition from the off state to the on state. At this point, there will be no voltage difference between the gate and source of transistor Q16, causing transistor Q16 to turn off, thus achieving the selection of the protection voltage. In this embodiment, the turn-on threshold voltage of transistor Q17 is set to -100V, but in other embodiments, it can be set to other voltage values.

[0096] Therefore, the input power supply voltage must be between the startup voltage and the protection voltage for the subsequent circuit to enter the working state; otherwise, the input power supply protection circuit will be in the protection state, and the subsequent circuit will not work.

[0097] Meanwhile, the Zener diode D10 has a voltage regulation value of 5.1V. Therefore, after power-on, the voltage across Zener diode D10 is -5.1V. Resistor R32 is selected with a resistance of 10R to provide some current limiting protection. Because the power of the circuit using the -5V power supply is very small, the voltage drop across resistor R32 is very small and can be almost ignored. Capacitor C7 filters out noise and stabilizes the voltage.

[0098] As one possible implementation, the motor adjustment detection unit includes a motor forward rotation detection circuit and a motor reverse rotation detection circuit;

[0099] The input terminals of both the motor forward rotation detection circuit and the motor reverse rotation detection circuit are connected to the output terminal of the power input unit;

[0100] The outputs of both the motor forward rotation detection circuit and the motor reverse rotation detection circuit are connected to the input of the motor adjustment and locking unit.

[0101] Among them, see Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a motor forward rotation detection circuit is shown. The forward rotation detection circuit includes resistors R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8; transistors Q1, Q2, and Q3; and Zener diodes D3 and D4. Resistors R4 and R6 are connected in series with Zener diode D3, with one end of R6 grounded and the anode of D3 connected to -VCC. Resistors R5 and R7 are connected in series with Zener diode D4, with one end of R7 grounded and the anode of D4 connected to the -VCC power supply. The emitter of Q3 is grounded, the base of Q3 is connected to the common terminal of R4 and R6, and the collector of Q3 is connected to the common terminal of R5 and R7. The emitter of Q2 is grounded, the collector of Q2 is connected to the common terminal of Q1 and R1, and the base of Q2 is connected to the common terminal of R5 and R7. The other end of R1 is connected to a -5V power supply. The emitter of Q1 is connected to -5V, one end of R8 is grounded, and the other end of R8 is connected to the collector of Q1.

[0102] See Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a motor reversal detection circuit is shown. The motor reversal detection circuit includes resistors R2, R3, R9, R10, R11, and R12, transistors Q4, Q5, and Q6, and Zener diodes D1 and D2. Resistors R2 and R10 are connected in series with Zener diode D1, with one end of R10 grounded and the anode of D1 connected to -VCC. Resistors R3 and R11 are connected in series with Zener diode D2, with one end of R11 grounded and the anode of D2 connected to the -VCC power supply. The emitter of Q6 is grounded, the base of Q6 is connected to the common terminal of R2 and R10, and the collector of Q6 is connected to the common terminal of R3 and R11. The emitter of Q5 is grounded, the collector of Q5 is connected to the common terminal of Q4 and R9, the base of Q5 is connected to the common terminal of R3 and R11, and the other end of R9 is connected to the -5V power supply. The emitter of Q4 is connected to the -5V power supply, one end of R12 is grounded, and the other end of R12 is connected to the collector of Q4.

[0103] Specifically, in this embodiment, the motor adjustment detection unit operates on the following principle:

[0104] In this embodiment, if the input power supply voltage is set to -55V, the resistors are set to R5=32.8K, R7=10K, R4=94.3K, R6=20K, R1=R8=10K, and the Zener diodes are set to D3=56V and D4=47V. Before the motor forward rotation detection circuit is powered on, the forward adjustment signal F_SIG1 is controlled by the pull-down resistor R8, and F_SIG1 is 0V (stationary state). At the moment of power-on, because the -55V voltage is higher than the 47V Zener diode D4, current will flow in the series circuit composed of R5, R7 and D4, generating a -4V (-55+47V) voltage across resistors R5 and R7, and a voltage divider voltage of -0.93V (calculated based on Ohm's law) is generated at the common terminal of resistors R5 and R7.

[0105] Because the turn-on threshold voltage V of a PNP transistor be Since the voltage is -0.7V, when a voltage of -0.93V is applied between the emitter and base of transistor Q2, transistor Q2 will be turned on. The voltage at the collector and emitter of the turned-on transistor Q2 is almost equal, so the base voltage of transistor Q1 will change from -5V pulled up by resistor R1 to 0V.

[0106] At this time, there is a voltage difference of more than 0.7V between the emitter and base of the NPN transistor Q1, so the transistor Q1 is turned on. The voltage at the collector and emitter terminals of the turned-on transistor Q1 is also almost equal, so the voltage at F_SIG1 becomes -5V (adjustment state), thereby realizing the generation of the positive adjustment signal.

[0107] Because the input power supply voltage is -55V, which is lower than the 56V regulation value of the Zener diode D3, no current flows in the series circuit composed of R4, R6 and D3. Transistor Q3 is in the off state and will not affect the voltage division value of resistors R5 and R7, so it will not change the F_SIG1 signal.

[0108] If the input power supply voltage is -65V, then the voltage division value of resistors R4 and R6 will reach -1.57V, so PNP transistor Q3 will be turned on. At this time, the voltage division value of resistors R5 and R7 will be pulled to 0V by transistor Q3, and all transistors Q1 and Q2 will enter the cut-off state. The F_SIG1 signal will be controlled by the pull-down resistor R8 and become 0V (no adjustment state).

[0109] Therefore, based on the circuit parameters given above, the voltage range for forward motor adjustment is approximately -50V to -60V. Only when the input power supply voltage is within this range will the forward motor detection circuit generate a forward motor adjustment signal.

[0110] The same principle applies to the motor reverse rotation detection circuit. By calculating appropriate circuit parameters, the motor reverse adjustment signal can be detected. Here, it is assumed that the motor reverse adjustment voltage range is set to -70V ~ -80V. If the input power supply voltage is outside these two ranges, neither the motor forward rotation detection circuit nor the motor reverse rotation detection circuit will generate a motor adjustment signal to maintain the motor in a stationary state.

[0111] In another possible implementation, the motor adjustment locking unit includes a motor sleep locking circuit, a motor adjustment locking circuit, a first-level timing circuit, and a second-level timing circuit.

[0112] The input terminal of the motor sleep lock circuit is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment detection unit, and the output terminal of the motor sleep lock circuit is connected to the input terminal of the motor adjustment lock circuit.

[0113] The input terminal of the motor adjustment locking unit is also connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment detection unit, and the output terminal of the motor adjustment locking circuit is connected to the input terminal of the motor drive and monitoring unit.

[0114] The output of the first-level timing circuit is connected to the input of the motor sleep lock circuit and the motor adjustment lock circuit, respectively.

[0115] The output of the secondary timing circuit is connected to the input of the motor adjustment and locking circuit.

[0116] Among them, see Figure 7 , Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a motor adjustment locking circuit is shown. The motor adjustment locking circuit includes NAND gates U5A, U5B, U5C, and U5D, three-input OR gates U4A and U6A, and resistors R16 and R18.

[0117] The output of the motor adjustment and detection unit is simultaneously connected to one input of NAND gate U5A and one input of NAND gate U5D.

[0118] The output of the first-level timing circuit is simultaneously connected to another input of NAND gate U5A and another input of U5D.

[0119] The output of NAND gate U5A is connected to one input of NAND gate U5B, and the output of NAND gate U5D is connected to one input of NAND gate U5C.

[0120] The other input of NAND gate U5B is connected to the output of NAND gate U5C, and the output of NAND gate U5B is connected to the other input of NAND gate U5C.

[0121] The output of NAND gate U5C, the output of motor sleep lock circuit, and the output of secondary timing circuit are respectively connected to the three inputs of three-input OR gate U4A. The output of three-input OR gate U4A generates a locking adjustment signal.

[0122] The output of NAND gate U5B, the output of motor sleep lock circuit, and the output of secondary timing circuit are respectively connected to the three inputs of three-input OR gate U6A. The output of three-input OR gate U6A generates a locking adjustment signal.

[0123] One end of resistor R16 is connected to the output terminal of the three-input OR gate U4A, and the other end of resistor R16 is connected to a -5V power supply.

[0124] One end of resistor R18 is connected to the output terminal of the three-input OR gate U6A, and the other end of resistor R18 is connected to a -5V power supply.

[0125] See Figure 6 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a motor sleep lock circuit is shown. The motor sleep lock circuit includes a NAND gate U3A, a resistor R14, an NOT gate U1A, and NAND gates U2A, U2B, U2C, and U2D.

[0126] The output of the motor adjustment and detection unit is simultaneously connected to both inputs of the NAND gate U3A.

[0127] One end of resistor R14 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R14 is connected to the output of NAND gate U3A, as well as the input of NOT gate U1A and one input of NAND gate U2A. The output of NOT gate U1A is connected to one input of NOT gate U2D.

[0128] The output of the first-level timing circuit is simultaneously connected to the other input of the NAND gate U2D and the other input of the U2A;

[0129] The output of NAND gate U2A is connected to one input of NAND gate U2B, and the output of NAND gate U2D is connected to one input of NAND gate U2C.

[0130] The other input of NAND gate U2B is connected to the output of NAND gate U2C, and the output of NAND gate U2B is connected to the other input of NAND gate U2C. The output of NAND gate U2B generates a locked motor sleep signal.

[0131] See Figure 8 , Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a first-stage timing circuit is shown. The first-stage timing circuit includes resistors R17 and R19, transistor Q8, and polarized capacitor C2.

[0132] One end of the resistor R17 is connected to a -5V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R17 is connected to the negative terminal of the polarized capacitor C2 and the base of the transistor Q8. The positive terminal of the polarized capacitor C2 is grounded.

[0133] The collector of transistor Q8 is connected to a -5V power supply. One end of resistor R19 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R19 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q8 and serves as the output of the first-stage timing circuit.

[0134] See Figure 9 , Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a two-stage timing circuit is shown. The two-stage timing circuit includes resistors R13 and R15, transistor Q7, and polarized capacitor C1.

[0135] One end of the resistor R13 is connected to a -5V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the negative terminal of the polarized capacitor C1 and the base of the transistor Q7. The positive terminal of the polarized capacitor C1 is grounded.

[0136] The collector of transistor Q7 is connected to a -5V power supply. One end of resistor R15 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R15 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q7 and serves as the output of the secondary timing circuit.

[0137] Specifically, in this embodiment, the motor forward adjustment signal F_SIG1 generated by the motor forward rotation detection circuit, the motor reverse adjustment signal R_SIG1 generated by the motor reverse rotation detection circuit, and the output terminal of the first-level timing circuit are simultaneously connected to the input terminals of the motor sleep lock circuit and the motor adjustment lock circuit.

[0138] In the motor regulation locking circuit, the F_SIG1 signal is connected to one input of the NAND gate U5D, the output of the first-stage timing circuit is connected to the other input of the NAND gate U5D, the output of the NAND gate U5D is connected to one input of the NAND gate U5C, the R_SIG1 signal is connected to one input of the NAND gate U5A, the output of the first-stage timing circuit is connected to the other input of the NAND gate U5A, the output of the NAND gate U5A is connected to one input of the NAND gate U5B, the other input of the NAND gate U5B is connected to the output of the NAND gate U5C, the output of the NAND gate U5B is connected to the other input of the NAND gate U5C, the output of the NAND gate U5C generates the locked motor forward regulation signal F_SIG2, and the output of the NAND gate U5B generates the locked motor reverse regulation signal R_SIG2.

[0139] When the motor forward adjustment signal F_SIG1 is -5V (adjustment state), the motor reverse adjustment signal R_SIG1 is 0V (stationary state), where -5V is a low level state and 0V is a high level state;

[0140] When the first-level timing circuit is not triggered, its output signal LATCH is high. Therefore, for NAND gate U5D, its input signals are low and high respectively. After the NAND operation, the output signal of NAND gate U5D is high. For NAND gate U5A, its input signals are high and high respectively. After the NAND operation, the output signal of NAND gate U5D is low. For NAND gates, as long as one input signal is low, the output signal must be high, regardless of the state of the other input signal. Therefore, the output signal R_SIG2 of NAND gate U5B is high, i.e., 0V (quiet state). At this time, the input signals of NAND gate U5C are high and high respectively, so the output signal F_SIG2 of NAND gate U5C is low, i.e., -5V (adjustment state).

[0141] When the first-level timing circuit completes the triggering, its output will generate a low-level lock signal LATCH. Because when LATCH is low, the outputs of NAND gates U5D and U5A must be high. At this time, the input signals of NAND gate U5C are high and high respectively, and the input signals of NAND gate U5B are low and high respectively. Therefore, the F_SIG2 and R_SIG2 signals at the outputs of NAND gates U5C and U5B remain the same as before the lockout.

[0142] The LATCH low-level lockout signal will lock the output signals F_SIG2 and R_SIG2 generated before the first-stage timing circuit is triggered. After locking, no matter how the input signals F_SIG1 and R_SIG1 change, the output signals F_SIG2 and R_SIG2 will not change.

[0143] The motor sleep lock circuit is similar in structure and principle to the motor adjustment lock circuit. Its purpose is also to lock the signal. However, the motor sleep lock circuit locks the signal indicating whether the motor needs to sleep.

[0144] In the motor sleep lockout circuit, the F_SIG1 and R_SIG1 signals are simultaneously connected to the input of NAND gate U3A. One end of resistor R14 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R14 is connected to the output of NAND gate U3A, and also to the input of NOT gate U1A and one input of NAND gate U2A. The output of NOT gate U1A is connected to one input of NOT gate U2D. The output of the first-stage timing circuit is simultaneously connected to the other input of NAND gates U2D and U2A. The output of NAND gate U2A is connected to one input of NAND gate U2B. The output of NAND gate U2D is connected to one input of NAND gate U2C. The other input of NAND gate U2B is connected to the output of NAND gate U2C. The output of NAND gate U2B is connected to the other input of NAND gate U2C. The output of NAND gate U2B generates the locked motor sleep signal.

[0145] The first-level timing circuit is used for timing and generating a lock signal. Its purpose is to allow the output signals of the motor sleep lock circuit and the motor adjustment lock circuit to change with the input signal within a certain period of time. After the first-level timing circuit is triggered, the output signal of the lock circuit is not allowed to change again. One end of resistor R17 is connected to the -5V power supply, and the other end of resistor R17 is connected to the negative terminal of polarized capacitor C2 and the base of transistor Q8. The positive terminal of polarized capacitor C2 is connected to ground. The collector of transistor Q8 is connected to the -5V power supply. One end of resistor R19 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R19 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q8 and serves as the output terminal.

[0146] Under the action of a DC constant voltage power supply, the capacitor charging process follows an exponential law, and the mathematical expression for the voltage across the capacitor at any time t is: In the formula, This represents the capacitor voltage at any time t. R represents the power supply voltage, C represents the circuit resistance, and C represents the capacitance value.

[0147] Assuming resistor R17 is 200KΩ, resistor R19 is 10KΩ, and polarized capacitor C2 is 47uF; because the turn-on threshold voltage of transistor Q8 is -0.7V, then at this time... =- 0.7V, power supply voltage For -5V, connect R17, C2, and Substituting into the above formula, the timing duration of the first-level timing circuit is approximately 1.42s. Therefore, the first-level timing circuit will generate a lock signal after the circuit is powered on for 1.42s.

[0148] The secondary timing circuit has a similar circuit structure and the same principle as the primary timing circuit. It is used to generate the start signal. However, the timing duration of the secondary timing circuit is longer than that of the primary timing circuit. The purpose is to wait for the state of each point in the circuit to stabilize before generating the start signal, so that the motor can start running.

[0149] The output of the motor regulation locking unit consists of three-input OR gates U4A and U6A, and resistors R16 and R18. The positive regulation signal F_SIG2, the motor sleep signal, and the start signal are connected to the input of OR gate U4A. The output of OR gate U4A is pulled up to -5V power supply by resistor R16, generating the positive regulation signal F_SIG that acts on the motor drive and monitoring unit. The reverse regulation signal R_SIG2, the motor sleep signal, and the start signal are connected to the input of OR gate U6A. The output of OR gate U6A is pulled up to -5V power supply by resistor R18, generating the reverse regulation signal R_SIG that acts on the motor drive and monitoring unit.

[0150] In another possible implementation, the motor drive and monitoring unit includes a motor adjustment drive circuit, a motor operation position detection circuit, and an overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit.

[0151] The input terminal of the motor adjustment drive circuit is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment locking unit, and the output terminal of the motor adjustment drive circuit is connected to the input terminals of the motor operation position detection circuit and the overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit, respectively.

[0152] The output terminal of the overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit is connected to the power input unit.

[0153] Among them, see Figure 10 , Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a motor adjustment drive circuit is shown, which includes a forward adjustment bridge arm and a reverse adjustment bridge arm; see also... Figure 11 , Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a motor positioning detection circuit is shown, which includes switches S1 and S2.

[0154] The sinusoidal adjustment bridge arm includes transistors Q14 and Q9, and diode D7; the gate of transistor Q14 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment locking unit, the source of transistor Q14 is connected to the ground plane, the drain of transistor Q14 is connected to the anode of diode D7, the cathode of diode D7 is connected to one end of switch S2, and the other end of switch S2 is connected to one end of the motor.

[0155] The gate of transistor Q9 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, the source of transistor Q14 is connected to the -VCC power supply, and the drain of transistor Q14 is connected to the other end of the motor.

[0156] The reverse regulating bridge arm includes transistors Q13 and Q10, diode D6, and Zener diode D5;

[0157] The gate of transistor Q10 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, the source of transistor Q10 is connected to the -VCC power supply, the drain of transistor Q10 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D5, the cathode of Zener diode D5 is connected to the anode of diode D6, the cathode of diode D6 is connected to one end of switch S1, and the other end of switch S1 is connected to one end of the motor.

[0158] The gate of transistor Q13 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, the source of transistor Q13 is connected to the ground plane, and the drain of transistor Q14 is connected to the other end of the motor.

[0159] Specifically, in this embodiment, the motor adjustment drive circuit consists of two bridge arms: forward adjustment and reverse adjustment. Because there is a motor adjustment locking unit in the front stage, the two bridge arms will only have three states: forward adjustment bridge arm is on and reverse adjustment bridge arm is off, forward adjustment bridge arm is off and reverse adjustment bridge arm is on, and neither is on.

[0160] Simultaneously, when the positive adjustment signal F_SIG is valid, transistors Q14 and Q9 are both turned on. Current flows from the ground plane, through transistor Q14, diode D7, the turned-on switch S2, the motor, and transistor Q9, before returning to the negative power supply, forming a closed loop, thus realizing the positive adjustment of the motor. When the reverse adjustment signal R_SIG is valid, transistors Q13 and Q10 are both turned on. Current flows from the ground plane, through transistor Q13, the motor, the turned-on switch S1, diode D6, Zener diode D5, and transistor Q10, before returning to the negative power supply, forming a closed loop, thus realizing the reverse adjustment of the motor.

[0161] Taking the previously selected forward adjustment voltage range of -50V ~ -60V and reverse adjustment voltage range of -70V ~ -80V as an example, if the rated voltage of the motor is 55V, there will be no problem in forward adjustment. However, in reverse adjustment, the voltage across the motor will be 20V higher than the rated value. In order to avoid damage to the motor due to excessive voltage, a voltage regulator D5 is connected in series in the reverse adjustment bridge arm for voltage reduction, and its voltage regulation value is 20V.

[0162] The motor positioning detection circuit consists of limit switches S2 and S1. When the motor has not reached its positioning position, both limit switches S2 and S1 are in the ON state. When the motor adjusts in the forward direction, it drives a mechanical component to move in the forward direction. When this mechanical component reaches its travel limit, it presses against limit switch S2, causing limit switch S2 to open and cutting off the forward current path in the motor, forcing the motor to stop. This achieves the automatic stop function when the forward adjustment is complete. When the motor adjusts in the reverse direction, the mechanical component moves in the reverse direction. After the pressure on limit switch S2 disappears, S2 will automatically return to the ON state for the next trigger. Conversely, limit switch S1 achieves the automatic stop function when the reverse adjustment is complete.

[0163] See Figure 12 , Figure 12 The diagram shows an overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit. In the overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit, the motor current passes through resistor R30, generating a voltage difference across it. This voltage difference is then applied to transistor Q15 after passing through an RC first-order low-pass filter. If this voltage difference exceeds the set threshold, transistor Q15 will be turned on, generating a positive pulse at the output terminal.

[0164] The collector of transistor Q15 is connected to one end of capacitor C3. The other end of capacitor C3 is connected to the common terminal of resistors R38 and R41, and also to the anode of diode D13. The cathode of diode D13 is connected to the base of transistor Q18. The emitter of transistor Q18 is connected to a -5V power supply. The other end of resistor R38 is also connected to a -5V power supply. Capacitor C8 is connected in parallel with resistor R38. The other end of resistor R41 is connected to the collector of transistor Q20. The emitter of transistor Q20 is grounded. The base of transistor Q20 is connected to the anode of diode D14. The cathode of diode D14 is connected to the common terminal of resistors R42 and R43. The other end of resistor R43 is grounded. The other end of resistor R42 is connected to the collector of transistor Q18, and also to one end of resistor R40. Capacitor C9 and resistor R42 are connected in parallel.

[0165] The pulse signal generated by the overcurrent monitoring circuit is coupled to transistors Q18 and Q20 through capacitor C3. After receiving the trigger signal, transistors Q18 and Q20 will perform a latching operation, generating a stable overcurrent protection signal at one end of resistor R40.

[0166] The other end of resistor R40 is connected to the base of transistor Q19, the emitter of transistor Q19 is grounded, the collector of transistor Q19 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode D11, the anode of Zener diode D11 is connected to resistor R36, and the other end of resistor R36 is used for the input protection circuit.

[0167] The overcurrent protection signal turns on transistor Q19, thus opening the circuit. This results in a voltage drop across resistor R36, which activates the input power protection, cutting off the input power and thus achieving the motor overcurrent monitoring and protection function.

[0168] This invention can accept negative voltage power input and has a self-protection function for exceeding the allowable voltage range, which improves the robustness of the equipment to a certain extent. It allows users to manually set the power supply voltage to control the forward, reverse, or no adjustment of the equipment. This function is implemented using pure hardware circuitry, without the need for controller chips, programming, or software debugging, saving both hardware and time costs. It has an automatic stop function upon reaching the target position and a current limiting protection function, which can minimize damage to the DC motor and circuit board. Furthermore, the circuit principle and structure are relatively simple, which is conducive to maintenance and modification. At the same time, the circuit board can be made very small, making it suitable for use in confined spaces such as downhole instruments, thus having certain practical significance.

[0169] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A DC motor negative power supply drive circuit, characterized in that, The circuit includes: The power input unit is used for power voltage input and voltage reduction processing, and for monitoring the power voltage and stopping power voltage input when the power voltage exceeds a preset voltage threshold. The motor adjustment and detection unit has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the power input unit. It is used to receive the power supply voltage output by the power input unit, identify and detect the forward and reverse rotation of the power supply voltage, and output an adjustment action signal. The motor adjustment locking unit has its input end connected to the output end of the motor adjustment detection unit. It is used to receive and lock the adjustment action signal output by the motor adjustment detection unit and control the signal locking time. The motor drive and monitoring unit, with its input terminal and the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, is used to receive the adjustment action signal output by the motor adjustment and locking unit and to drive and control the motor based on the adjustment action signal. It also monitors the motor's operating current and positioning status, and triggers a motor stop adjustment when overcurrent and positioning conditions are met.

2. A DC motor negative power supply drive circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power input unit includes an input power protection circuit and a power conversion circuit connected to the input power protection circuit; The input terminal of the input power protection circuit is used to input the power supply voltage, and its output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the motor adjustment and detection unit.

3. A DC motor negative power supply drive circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The input power protection circuit includes fuse F1, diode D8, resistors R33, R37, R35, R34, R39, Zener diodes D12 and D9, and transistors Q17 and Q16. Fuse F1 is connected to the cathode of diode D8. The anode of diode D8 is connected to one end of resistor R34. The other end of resistor R34 is connected to one end of resistor R39. The other end of resistor R39 is grounded. Zener diode D9 is connected in parallel with resistor R34, and its anode is connected to the anode of D8. The source of transistor Q16 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D9, the gate of transistor Q16 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode D9, and the drain of transistor Q16 is connected to the -VCC power supply network; the anode of diode D8 is also connected to one end of resistor R33, the other end of resistor R33 is connected to the common terminal of resistors R37 and R35; the other end of R37 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D12, the cathode of Zener diode D12 is grounded, and the other end of R37 is connected to the base of transistor Q17; the emitter of transistor Q17 is connected to the anode of D8, and the collector of transistor Q17 is connected to the cathode of Zener diode D9; The power conversion circuit includes resistors R31 and R32, Zener diode D10, and capacitors C6 and C7. One end of capacitor C6 is grounded, and the other end of C6 and one end of resistor R31 are connected to the -VCC power supply network. One end of resistor R31 is connected to one end of resistor R32, and the other end of resistor R32 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D10. The cathode of Zener diode D10 is grounded. One end of capacitor C7 is connected to the common terminal of resistors R31 and R32, and one end of capacitor C7 is also connected to the -5V power supply. The other end of capacitor C7 is grounded.

4. A DC motor negative power supply drive circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor adjustment and detection unit includes a motor forward rotation detection circuit and a motor reverse rotation detection circuit; The input terminals of both the motor forward rotation detection circuit and the motor reverse rotation detection circuit are connected to the output terminal of the power input unit; The outputs of both the motor forward rotation detection circuit and the motor reverse rotation detection circuit are connected to the input of the motor adjustment and locking unit.

5. A DC motor negative power supply drive circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The forward rotation detection circuit includes resistors R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8, transistors Q1, Q2, and Q3, and Zener diodes D3 and D4; Resistors R4 and R6 are connected in series with Zener diode D3, with one end of R6 grounded and the anode of D3 connected to -VCC; resistors R5 and R7 are connected in series with Zener diode D4, with one end of R7 grounded and the anode of D4 connected to the -VCC power supply; the emitter of Q3 is grounded, the base of Q3 is connected to the common terminal of R4 and R6, and the collector of Q3 is connected to the common terminal of R5 and R7; the emitter of Q2 is grounded, the collector of Q2 is connected to the common terminal of Q1 and R1, the base of Q2 is connected to the common terminal of R5 and R7, and the other end of R1 is connected to the -5V power supply; the emitter of Q1 is connected to -5V, one end of R8 is grounded, and the other end of R8 is connected to the collector of Q1; The motor reverse rotation detection circuit includes resistors R2, R3, R9, R10, R11, and R12, transistors Q4, Q5, and Q6, and Zener diodes D1 and D2. Resistors R2 and R10 are connected in series with Zener diode D1, with one end of R10 grounded and the anode of D1 connected to -VCC. Resistors R3 and R11 are connected in series with Zener diode D2, with one end of R11 grounded and the anode of D2 connected to the -VCC power supply. The emitter of Q6 is grounded, the base of Q6 is connected to the common terminal of R2 and R10, and the collector of Q6 is connected to the common terminal of R3 and R11. The emitter of Q5 is grounded, the collector of Q5 is connected to the common terminal of Q4 and R9, the base of Q5 is connected to the common terminal of R3 and R11, and the other end of R9 is connected to the -5V power supply. The emitter of Q4 is connected to the -5V power supply, one end of R12 is grounded, and the other end of R12 is connected to the collector of Q4.

6. A DC motor negative power supply drive circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor adjustment and locking unit includes a motor sleep lock circuit, a motor adjustment lock circuit, a first-level timing circuit, and a second-level timing circuit; The input terminal of the motor sleep lock circuit is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment detection unit, and the output terminal of the motor sleep lock circuit is connected to the input terminal of the motor adjustment lock circuit. The input terminal of the motor adjustment locking unit is also connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment detection unit, and the output terminal of the motor adjustment locking circuit is connected to the input terminal of the motor drive and monitoring unit. The output of the first-level timing circuit is connected to the input of the motor sleep lock circuit and the motor adjustment lock circuit, respectively. The output of the secondary timing circuit is connected to the input of the motor adjustment and locking circuit.

7. A DC motor negative power supply drive circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The motor regulation and locking circuit includes NAND gates U5A, U5B, U5C, and U5D, three-input OR gates U4A and U6A, and resistors R16 and R18. The output of the motor adjustment and detection unit is simultaneously connected to one input of NAND gate U5A and one input of NAND gate U5D. The output of the first-level timing circuit is simultaneously connected to another input of NAND gate U5A and another input of U5D. The output of NAND gate U5A is connected to one input of NAND gate U5B, and the output of NAND gate U5D is connected to one input of NAND gate U5C. The other input of NAND gate U5B is connected to the output of NAND gate U5C, and the output of NAND gate U5B is connected to the other input of NAND gate U5C. The output of NAND gate U5C, the output of motor sleep lock circuit, and the output of secondary timing circuit are respectively connected to the three inputs of three-input OR gate U4A. The output of three-input OR gate U4A generates a locking adjustment signal. The output of NAND gate U5B, the output of motor sleep lock circuit, and the output of secondary timing circuit are respectively connected to the three inputs of three-input OR gate U6A. The output of three-input OR gate U6A generates a locking adjustment signal. One end of resistor R16 is connected to the output terminal of the three-input OR gate U4A, and the other end of resistor R16 is connected to a -5V power supply. One end of resistor R18 is connected to the output terminal of the three-input OR gate U6A, and the other end of resistor R18 is connected to a -5V power supply. The motor sleep lockout circuit includes NAND gate U3A, resistor R14, NOT gate U1A, and NAND gates U2A, U2B, U2C, and U2D. The output of the motor adjustment and detection unit is simultaneously connected to both inputs of the NAND gate U3A. One end of resistor R14 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R14 is connected to the output of NAND gate U3A, as well as the input of NOT gate U1A and one input of NAND gate U2A. The output of NOT gate U1A is connected to one input of NOT gate U2D. The output of the first-level timing circuit is simultaneously connected to the other input of the NAND gate U2D and the other input of the U2A; The output of NAND gate U2A is connected to one input of NAND gate U2B, and the output of NAND gate U2D is connected to one input of NAND gate U2C. The other input of NAND gate U2B is connected to the output of NAND gate U2C, and the output of NAND gate U2B is connected to the other input of NAND gate U2C. The output of NAND gate U2B generates a locked motor sleep signal.

8. A DC motor negative power supply drive circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first-stage timing circuit includes resistors R17 and R19, transistor Q8, and polarized capacitor C2; One end of the resistor R17 is connected to a -5V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R17 is connected to the negative terminal of the polarized capacitor C2 and the base of the transistor Q8. The positive terminal of the polarized capacitor C2 is grounded. The collector of transistor Q8 is connected to a -5V power supply. One end of resistor R19 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R19 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q8 and serves as the output of the first-stage timing circuit. The secondary timing circuit includes resistors R13 and R15, transistor Q7, and polarized capacitor C1; One end of the resistor R13 is connected to a -5V power supply, and the other end of the resistor R13 is connected to the negative terminal of the polarized capacitor C1 and the base of the transistor Q7. The positive terminal of the polarized capacitor C1 is grounded. The collector of transistor Q7 is connected to a -5V power supply. One end of resistor R15 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R15 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q7 and serves as the output of the secondary timing circuit.

9. A DC motor negative power supply drive circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor drive and monitoring unit includes a motor adjustment drive circuit, a motor operation position detection circuit, and an overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit. The input terminal of the motor adjustment drive circuit is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment locking unit, and the output terminal of the motor adjustment drive circuit is connected to the input terminals of the motor operation position detection circuit and the overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit, respectively. The output terminal of the overcurrent monitoring and protection circuit is connected to the power input unit.

10. A DC motor negative power supply drive circuit according to claim 9, characterized in that, The motor adjustment drive circuit includes a forward adjustment bridge arm and a reverse adjustment bridge arm; the motor operation position detection circuit includes switches S1 and S2; The sinusoidal adjustment bridge arm includes transistors Q14 and Q9, and diode D7; The gate of transistor Q14 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, the source of transistor Q14 is connected to the ground plane, the drain of transistor Q14 is connected to the anode of diode D7, the cathode of diode D7 is connected to one end of switch S2, and the other end of switch S2 is connected to one end of the motor. The gate of transistor Q9 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, the source of transistor Q14 is connected to the -VCC power supply, and the drain of transistor Q14 is connected to the other end of the motor. The reverse regulating bridge arm includes transistors Q13 and Q10, diode D6, and Zener diode D5; The gate of transistor Q10 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, the source of transistor Q10 is connected to the -VCC power supply, the drain of transistor Q10 is connected to the anode of Zener diode D5, the cathode of Zener diode D5 is connected to the anode of diode D6, the cathode of diode D6 is connected to one end of switch S1, and the other end of switch S1 is connected to one end of the motor. The gate of transistor Q13 is connected to the output terminal of the motor adjustment and locking unit, the source of transistor Q13 is connected to the ground plane, and the drain of transistor Q14 is connected to the other end of the motor.

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