Vehicle Data Unloading System and Method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of space optical communication technology, specifically providing a vehicle data unloading system and method, aiming to solve the problem that existing wired communication and traditional wireless communication cannot simultaneously meet the high bandwidth requirements for rapid vehicle data unloading. To this end, the vehicle data unloading system of this invention includes a vehicle-end transmitting device, a fixed-end receiving device, and a supporting component. The vehicle-end transmitting device and the fixed-end receiving device establish a communication link via optical wireless communication signals. The vehicle-end transmitting device is mounted on the vehicle and can directionally transmit optical wireless communication signals carrying vehicle data. The supporting component supports the fixed-end receiving device and drives the fixed-end receiving device towards the transmission direction of the optical wireless communication signals. The fixed-end receiving device is configured to receive the optical wireless communication signals emitted by the vehicle-end transmitting device and controls the supporting component to orient the receiving unit towards the transmission direction of the optical wireless communication signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of space optical communication technology, specifically providing a vehicle data unloading system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of intelligent connected vehicles and autonomous driving technologies, vehicles generate massive amounts of data during operation, including high-precision sensor data, autonomous driving decision logs, onboard system operating data, and road information data. This data typically reaches tens or even hundreds of gigabytes in size, necessitating rapid data offloading during vehicle stops (such as charging at charging stations) to allow for subsequent data storage, analysis, optimization, algorithm iteration, and system upgrades. Therefore, rapid data offloading technology between vehicles and stationary equipment has become a key supporting technology in the field of intelligent transportation, with its core requirement being the achievement of high-bandwidth, low-latency, and highly reliable short-range data transmission.

[0003] Currently, vehicle data offloading methods are mainly divided into two categories: wired communication and traditional wireless communication. All of these methods have significant technical defects and cannot meet the core requirement of rapid data offloading for intelligent vehicles.

[0004] The first type is wired communication, typically achieved by connecting the vehicle to fixed equipment (such as the wired interface integrated in a charging pile) via physical cables like USB or Ethernet cables. While this method can achieve high transmission bandwidth, it suffers from cumbersome operation, requiring users to manually plug and unplug cables. It also has poor compatibility (interface specifications may differ between different vehicle models) and is prone to mechanical wear during the plugging and unplugging process, affecting the lifespan of the equipment. Furthermore, wired connections limit the flexibility of vehicle parking locations, making it unsuitable for the high-efficiency batch data offloading requirements of large-scale charging pile scenarios and failing to meet the trend towards automated and unmanned data processing.

[0005] The second category is traditional wireless communication methods, mainly including 4G / 5G mobile communication and WiFi (such as IEEE 802.11ax). Among them, 4G / 5G communication is limited by base station bandwidth, and network congestion is prone to occur in areas with dense charging piles, resulting in a significant drop in data transmission rate. It also has high communication costs and is not suitable for long-term, high-frequency offloading of massive amounts of data. Although WiFi technology can provide high bandwidth, its anti-interference ability is weak. In scenarios where multiple vehicles are unloading data simultaneously, it is susceptible to interference from adjacent wireless signals, leading to increased transmission latency and packet loss rate. Moreover, its bandwidth attenuation is significant within the transmission distance (usually ≤100 meters), making it difficult to stably achieve high-speed data transmission at the 100Gbps level, and thus unable to meet the rapid offloading needs of massive amounts of vehicle data.

[0006] In summary, neither existing wired communication nor traditional wireless communication can simultaneously meet the high bandwidth, low latency, high reliability, convenience, and security requirements for rapid vehicle data unloading. Therefore, a new technical solution is needed in this field to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and to address the fact that existing wired communication and traditional wireless communication cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of high bandwidth, low latency, high reliability, convenience and security for rapid unloading of vehicle data.

[0008] This invention provides a vehicle data offloading system, including a vehicle-end transmitter, a fixed-end receiver, and a support component. The vehicle-end transmitter and the fixed-end receiver establish a communication link through an optical wireless communication signal.

[0009] The vehicle-end transmitter is installed on the vehicle and is configured to transmit optical wireless communication signals carrying vehicle data in a directional manner.

[0010] The supporting member supports the fixed-end receiving device and can drive the fixed-end receiving device toward the transmission direction of the optical wireless communication signal;

[0011] The fixed-end receiving device includes a receiving unit and a control unit. The receiving unit is configured to receive optical wireless communication signals emitted by the vehicle-end transmitting device, and the control unit is configured to control the supporting member to orient the receiving unit toward the transmission direction of the optical wireless communication signal.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, a link is established through optical wireless communication, eliminating the need for manual cable plugging and unplugging. This completely solves the problems of cumbersome operation, poor adaptability, and mechanical wear affecting equipment lifespan associated with wired methods. It also eliminates the limitations of wired connections on vehicle parking locations, adapting to the batch data offloading needs of large-scale charging pile scenarios. Optical wireless communication technology inherently possesses high bandwidth and strong resistance to electromagnetic interference. Compared to 4G / 5G communication, it avoids congestion caused by base station bandwidth limitations and reduces costs. Compared to WiFi, it reduces interference from adjacent signals, lowers latency and packet loss rates, and can stably achieve high-speed transmission of massive amounts of data (tens of GB / hundreds of GB). The vehicle-side directional optical wireless communication transmitter and the fixed-side receiving unit can actively face the transmission direction, achieving automated alignment and establishment of the communication link without manual intervention, meeting the development needs of unmanned data processing in intelligent connected vehicles.

[0013] In the specific implementation of the above-mentioned vehicle data offloading system, the vehicle-end transmitting device includes a housing, a photonic component, a photonic adjustment component, and a first image acquisition module;

[0014] The housing is configured as a transparent cover that allows optical wireless communication signals to pass through;

[0015] The photonic component uses gallium and nitrogen-containing materials and is configured to output optical wireless communication signals.

[0016] The photon adjustment component is disposed on the housing, and the photon adjustment component is configured to receive the optical wireless communication signal transmitted through the housing and focus the optical wireless communication signal to provide a focused optical wireless communication signal;

[0017] The first image acquisition module includes a wide field-of-view CMOS camera, which is configured to capture images of the fixed-end receiving device and obtain the position information of the fixed-end receiving device.

[0018] When employing the above technical solution, the photonic components utilize gallium- and nitrogen-containing materials. These materials enable a wider output wavelength range and higher luminous efficiency, allowing for the output of high-intensity, highly stable optical wireless communication signals, providing device support for 100Gbps-level high-speed transmission. The photonic adjustment component focuses the optical wireless communication signal, reducing diffusion and attenuation during transmission, solving the bandwidth reduction problem caused by signal divergence in traditional optical communication, and improving the transmission distance and reception accuracy of optical wireless communication. The transparent cover ensures smooth transmission of optical wireless communication while providing dust and impact protection for the internal photonic and adjustment components, extending the equipment's lifespan, and adapting to complex automotive environments.

[0019] In the specific implementation of the vehicle data unloading system described above, the fixed-end receiving device further includes a second image acquisition module, which includes a wide-field-of-view CMOS camera and is configured to capture images of the vehicle and the vehicle-end transmitting device to obtain vehicle location information.

[0020] With the above technical solution, the positioning range is wide and the accuracy is high: the wide field-of-view CMOS camera has a large field of view, which can quickly capture vehicles and vehicle-end transmitters within the target area, solving the problem that narrow field-of-view devices cannot adapt to different vehicle parking positions; at the same time, the CMOS camera has high-precision ranging capabilities, which can accurately acquire vehicle position information and provide accurate data support for subsequent link calibration. Vehicle position is directly acquired through image acquisition, eliminating the need for additional positioning sensors, simplifying the system structure, and enabling rapid positioning response after vehicle parking, shortening the preparation time before link establishment. The CMOS camera can work stably in both indoor and outdoor lighting environments, adapting to charging pile scenarios with different weather and lighting conditions, improving the system's environmental adaptability.

[0021] In the specific implementation of the vehicle data unloading system described above, the fixed-end receiving device further includes a Bluetooth communication module and an identity authentication module.

[0022] The Bluetooth communication module is configured to actively scan and pair with the vehicle-side Bluetooth communication module before the communication link is established, establish a temporary data connection, receive identity information sent by the vehicle-side, and send back feedback signals such as handshake verification results and link initialization status to the vehicle-side.

[0023] The identity authentication module is configured to receive identity code information sent by the vehicle-end transmitter. The identity code information includes the vehicle identifier and time synchronization password. The identity authentication module verifies the vehicle identity by comparing it with a preset database. After successful verification, a communication handshake is established.

[0024] By employing the above technical solution, the identity authentication module verifies the vehicle identifier and time synchronization password, comparing them with a preset database to achieve identity verification. Only authorized vehicles can establish a communication link, preventing unauthorized vehicle access and data theft or tampering from the source. The Bluetooth communication module can quickly establish a temporary data connection before the optical link is established, enabling low-latency transmission of identity information and handshake signals, thus improving overall link establishment efficiency. Bluetooth technology features low power consumption and fast pairing speed, adapting to the low-power requirements of in-vehicle devices, and is also compatible with Bluetooth modules from different vehicle models, improving system adaptability.

[0025] In the specific implementation of the vehicle data unloading system described above, the supporting component adopts a lightweight carbon fiber structure and is configured to adjust the installation height and horizontal position of the fixed end receiving device.

[0026] By employing the above technical solution and utilizing a lightweight carbon fiber structure, the weight of the supporting components is significantly reduced, facilitating installation and disassembly in charging piles, parking lots, and other scenarios. This reduces manpower and equipment costs during deployment. Furthermore, the high strength and wear resistance of carbon fiber extend the service life of the supporting components. Adjustable installation height and horizontal position allow for adaptation to different vehicle models and vehicle parking angles, ensuring that the fixed receiver can be accurately aligned with the vehicle's transmission direction and resolving link connection challenges caused by vehicle parking position deviations.

[0027] The present invention also discloses a vehicle data unloading method, based on the above-mentioned vehicle data unloading system, the method comprising:

[0028] Obtain a signal indicating that the vehicle has stopped at the target area;

[0029] The vehicle-side transmitter and the fixed-side receiver are activated to establish an initial communication connection.

[0030] Position the relative locations of the vehicle-mounted transmitter and the fixed-end receiver, and calibrate the optical communication link;

[0031] Vehicle data is transmitted via an optical communication link to complete data offloading.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, a closed-loop process of "acquiring docking signal - initiating connection establishment - locating and calibrating the link - transmitting data" automates the entire data offloading process, completely eliminating manual plugging and unplugging interventions required by wired methods and improving data offloading efficiency. The step of locating and calibrating the optical communication link ensures precise wireless communication between the vehicle and stationary ends, resolving transmission interruption issues caused by signal drift and attenuation in traditional wireless communication, and guaranteeing stable high-bandwidth, low-latency data transmission links.

[0033] In a specific implementation of the above-described vehicle data unloading method, the step of acquiring a signal indicating that the vehicle has stopped at the target area includes:

[0034] The second image acquisition module takes pictures of the target area, and after capturing the vehicle, sends a signal that the vehicle has stopped in the target area.

[0035] By employing the above technical solution, the target area can be directly captured by the second image acquisition module, eliminating the need for the vehicle to send an additional stop signal. This enables real-time detection and signal triggering after the vehicle stops, reducing process startup delays. Image recognition confirms vehicle stopping, offering stronger anti-interference capabilities compared to infrared and ultrasonic detection methods. Furthermore, the system eliminates the need for dedicated stop detection sensors, directly reusing the fixed-end second image acquisition module, simplifying system structure and process steps, and reducing hardware costs.

[0036] In a specific implementation of the above-described vehicle data offloading method, the steps of locating the relative positions of the vehicle-end transmitting device and the fixed-end receiving device, and calibrating the optical communication link, include:

[0037] Acquire a first image captured by the first image acquisition module, which contains a fixed-end receiving device;

[0038] Based on the first image, control the photon adjustment component to start, so that the fixed end receiving device is located at the center of the first image;

[0039] Acquire a second image containing the vehicle captured by the second image acquisition module;

[0040] Based on the second image, control the support member to start, so that the vehicle-end transmitter is located in the center of the second image;

[0041] When the beacon light of the vehicle-end transmitter is detected in the second image, the fixed-end receiver is controlled to turn and align with the beacon light;

[0042] The vehicle-side transmitter adjusts the direction of the optical wireless communication signal so that the optical wireless communication signal is incident on the receiving unit of the fixed-end receiver.

[0043] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, a bidirectional calibration process—"image acquisition - beacon light detection - fixed-end steering - vehicle-end adjustment"—achieves precise alignment of optical wireless communication. Compared to unidirectional calibration, this effectively compensates for vehicle parking deviations and equipment installation errors, ensuring accurate optical wireless communication incident on the receiving unit and reducing signal attenuation. Utilizing the second image acquisition module for rapid beacon light identification, combined with active steering at the fixed end and signal pointing adjustment at the vehicle end, the calibration process is automated and completed quickly without manual intervention, adapting to unmanned operation requirements.

[0044] In a specific implementation of the above-described vehicle data unloading method, after the data unloading is completed, the steps further include:

[0045] The fixed-end receiving device verifies the integrity of the received data by receiving a data transmission completion signal sent by the vehicle-end transmitting device.

[0046] If the data is complete, the fixed-end receiving device sends an acknowledgment signal to the vehicle end, and the vehicle end stops transmitting optical wireless communication signals and turns off the beacon light;

[0047] If the data is incomplete, the fixed receiving device will report the missing data segment information, and the vehicle will transmit the corresponding data before disconnecting the link.

[0048] By employing the above technical solution, verifying the integrity of received data through a fixed end can promptly detect data loss during transmission, preventing deviations in subsequent data storage and analysis due to packet loss and ensuring data availability. Targeted retransmission of missing data segments, rather than retransmitting the entire data, significantly reduces bandwidth consumption and time costs during retransmission, improving data offloading efficiency.

[0049] In a specific embodiment of the above-described vehicle data offloading method, before the step of establishing an initial communication connection, the method includes: [The text abruptly ends here, so the translation stops.]

[0050] The Bluetooth communication module of the fixed receiving device is controlled to start scanning mode, and the Bluetooth communication module of the vehicle actively initiates a pairing request, and the two establish a temporary Bluetooth data connection.

[0051] Obtain information including vehicle identification, time synchronization password, and identity code sent by the vehicle via Bluetooth communication module;

[0052] Compare the vehicle identifier, the time synchronization password, and the identity code information with the vehicle information in the backend database;

[0053] If the comparison matches, authentication is successful, and the fixed-end receiving device sends a handshake success signal and a link ready signal to the vehicle via the Bluetooth communication module. If the comparison does not match, the communication link is refused to be established, and the fixed-end receiving device sends an authentication failure prompt signal to the vehicle via the Bluetooth communication module, while simultaneously disconnecting the Bluetooth connection.

[0054] By employing the above technical solution, a complete identity authentication loop is formed through multiple verification steps, including establishing a temporary connection via Bluetooth pairing, transmitting identity encoding information (vehicle identifier + time synchronization password), and comparing it with the backend database. The time synchronization password prevents identity information from being copied or tampered with, making it more secure than a single verification method. A clear process for handling successful and unsuccessful verification is established; when verification fails, the Bluetooth connection is promptly disconnected and the establishment of an optical link is refused to prevent unauthorized vehicles from occupying communication resources and to ensure the data transmission bandwidth of legitimate vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0055] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0056] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the vehicle data unloading system;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the main steps of the vehicle data unloading method;

[0058] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of step S103 of the vehicle data unloading method;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of step S104 of the vehicle data unloading method.

[0060] List of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-vehicle; 11-vehicle-end transmitter; 2-supporting component; 3-fixed-end receiver. Detailed Implementation

[0061] Preferred embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments as needed to adapt to specific application scenarios.

[0062] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connect," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or other type of connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. It should be understood that the terms "upper," "front," "rear," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention.

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, to address the problem that existing wired communication and traditional wireless communication cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of high bandwidth, low latency, high reliability, convenience, and security for rapid vehicle data unloading, this invention provides a vehicle data unloading system including a vehicle-end transmitter 11, a fixed-end receiver 3, and a support member 2. The vehicle-end transmitter 11 and the fixed-end receiver 3 establish a communication link via optical wireless communication signals. The vehicle-end transmitter 11 is mounted on the vehicle 1 and is configured to directionally transmit optical wireless communication signals carrying vehicle 1 data. The support member 2 supports the fixed-end receiver 3 and can drive the fixed-end receiver 3 toward the transmission direction of the optical wireless communication signals. The fixed-end receiver 3 includes a receiving unit and a control unit. The receiving unit is configured to receive the optical wireless communication signals emitted by the vehicle-end transmitter 11, and the control unit is configured to control the support member 2 to orient the receiving unit toward the transmission direction of the optical wireless communication signals. Thus, establishing a link through optical wireless communication eliminates the need for manual cable plugging and unplugging, completely resolving the problems of cumbersome operation, poor adaptability, and mechanical wear affecting equipment lifespan associated with wired connections. It also overcomes the limitations of wired connections on vehicle parking locations, adapting to the bulk data offloading needs of large-scale charging pile scenarios. Optical wireless communication technology inherently possesses high bandwidth and strong resistance to electromagnetic interference. Compared to 4G / 5G communication, it avoids congestion caused by base station bandwidth limitations and reduces costs. Compared to WiFi, it reduces interference from adjacent signals, lowers latency and packet loss rates, and can stably achieve high-speed transmission of massive amounts of data (tens of GB / hundreds of GB). The vehicle-side directional optical wireless communication transmitter and the fixed-side receiving unit can actively face the transmission direction, achieving automated alignment and establishment of the communication link without manual intervention, meeting the development needs of unmanned data processing in intelligent connected vehicles.

[0064] In one or more embodiments, the vehicle-end transmitter 11 is mounted on the front of the roof of vehicle 1, with a portion located inside the vehicle. The fixed-end receiver 3 is deployed on the support member 2 in a designated parking area of ​​the parking lot. The receiver unit uses an array photodetector, capable of responding to optical wireless communication signals in the 850nm-1550nm band. The control unit uses a high-performance STM32H7 series MCU, possessing fast data processing and instruction execution capabilities. The support member 2 supports the fixed-end receiver 3 and can drive the fixed-end receiver 3 towards the direction of optical wireless communication signal transmission. The vehicle-end transmitter 11 transmits optical wireless communication through a directional optical antenna, achieving directional signal transmission and avoiding energy diffusion. The control unit of the fixed-end receiver 3 sends adjustment commands to the support member 2, controlling the support member 2 to drive the fixed-end receiver 3 towards the direction of optical wireless communication transmission, ensuring that the receiver unit is accurately aligned with the transmission source. This implementation method completely solves the problems of cumbersome plugging and unplugging and poor adaptability of existing wired communication. It can establish a communication link without manual intervention. At the same time, compared with traditional wireless methods such as 4G / 5G and WiFi, optical wireless communication technology can achieve a bandwidth of over 100Gbps, meeting the rapid unloading needs of tens or even hundreds of GB of vehicle data. It also significantly improves the resistance to electromagnetic interference and eliminates the risk of network congestion in areas with dense charging piles, effectively making up for the technical defects of traditional wireless communication. The supporting component has both stable support and drive adjustment functions. Under the control of the control unit, it can drive the fixed end receiving device 3 to adjust its orientation, which not only avoids link interruption caused by equipment shaking during vehicle 1 parking and refueling, but also adapts to vehicle 1 parking deviation, further improving the reliability of data unloading and adapting to large-scale charging pile batch data unloading scenarios.

[0065] In one or more embodiments, the housing is a transparent cover made of high-transmittance quartz glass or PC material. The surface of the cover is treated with an anti-scratch and anti-fogging coating, ensuring that the transmittance of optical wireless communication signals is ≥95% while adapting to complex vehicle operating conditions and resisting environmental influences such as rain, dust, and ultraviolet radiation. It should be noted that the entire housing can be made of a transparent cover, or only a portion can be made of a transparent cover. For example, the top of vehicle 1 facing the front of the vehicle can be a transparent cover, while other parts can be made of metal. The photonic component specifically uses a gallium nitride-based laser. This material has wide bandgap and high electron mobility characteristics, and the output optical power can reach 500mW. The emission wavelength is selected in the 1064nm infrared band, which combines concealment and anti-interference, effectively avoiding external light interference in the visible light band. The photonic adjustment component, composed of a microlens array and a MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) driving module, is integrated inside the housing. The microlens array uses silicon-based materials, and the MEMS driving module enables ±3° angle adjustment, focusing the optical wireless communication signal output from the vehicle-side transmitter 11 into a parallel beam of light with a diameter ≤5cm. The MEMS driving module is electrically connected to the vehicle's positioning sensor and can adjust the focusing direction of the optical wireless communication in real time according to changes in the vehicle's attitude. The use of gallium nitride-based photonic components, compared to traditional silicon-based photonic devices, improves luminous efficiency by more than 30%, providing core device support for 100Gbps-level high-speed transmission. Its quantum properties give the optical wireless communication a natural anti-eavesdropping capability, preventing the tampering of sensitive vehicle data (such as autonomous driving decision logs). The focusing function of the photonic adjustment component reduces diffusion attenuation during optical wireless communication transmission, allowing the transmission distance to exceed 50 meters while maintaining stable bandwidth. This solves the bandwidth reduction problem caused by signal divergence in traditional optical communication and improves the signal acquisition accuracy at the receiver. It should be noted that the setting of the photon adjustment component is not necessary. Those skilled in the art can choose the specific structure of the photon adjustment component based on the specific application scenario. For example, a motor and a reflector can be used to adjust the angle of the optical wireless communication signal.

[0066] In one or more embodiments, the second image acquisition module is integrated into the side of the fixed-end receiving device 3 and electrically connected to the control unit. It uses a wide-field-of-view CMOS camera with a field of view of 120°, a resolution of at least 1920×1080, a frame rate of 30fps, and features automatic exposure and backlight compensation. It can operate stably in different indoor and outdoor lighting environments. The CMOS camera's shooting range covers the parking area of ​​the vehicle 1 corresponding to the charging pile. Through a built-in image recognition algorithm, it can quickly capture the outline of the vehicle 1 and the appearance features or beacon light of the vehicle-end transmitter 11, and then obtain the precise location information of the vehicle 1 through pixel coordinate calculation. Simultaneously, the second image acquisition module can be linked with the charging pile's parking space detection system to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple parking spaces for vehicles 1. Compared to the infrared and ultrasonic positioning methods used in existing technologies, the wide-field-of-view CMOS camera has a wider positioning range, adapting to different parking angles of the vehicle 1, avoiding the problem of narrow-field-of-view devices being unable to capture the position of the vehicle 1, and also providing higher positioning accuracy, thus providing precise data support for subsequent optical communication link calibration. No additional dedicated positioning sensors are required; vehicle positioning can be achieved simply by reusing the second image acquisition module, simplifying the system structure, reducing hardware deployment costs, and improving link establishment efficiency. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can select a CCD camera based on specific application scenarios.

[0067] In one or more embodiments, the Bluetooth communication module uses Bluetooth 5.2 or later, supports BLE Low Power mode, and is integrated into the fixed-end receiving device 3. It has a communication range of up to 10 meters and can actively scan for Bluetooth devices on surrounding vehicles 1 before establishing an optical communication link, with a scanning interval of 1 second per scan. The authentication module uses a dedicated encryption chip and establishes a communication connection with the control unit and backend database of the fixed-end receiving device 3. The database stores the identification information of authorized vehicles 1 (such as vehicle 1VIN code), encryption keys, and time synchronization rules. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle-side transmitting device 11 has a built-in matching Bluetooth communication module. After vehicle 1 enters the Bluetooth communication range, it actively initiates a pairing request. After successful pairing, a temporary data connection is established. The vehicle sends identity encoding information through this connection. This information includes the vehicle 1VIN code and a dynamic time synchronization password generated based on the current timestamp, and the information is encrypted using the AES-256 encryption algorithm. After receiving this information, the authentication module decrypts it and compares it with the information in the preset database. If the comparison matches, authentication is completed; otherwise, the communication link is refused. Furthermore, the identity authentication module has a log recording function, which can retain all identity verification records for easy traceability. The low-power mode of the Bluetooth communication module can reduce the power consumption of the fixed-end equipment, adapting to the long-term standby requirements of charging piles. At the same time, the transmission rate of Bluetooth 5.2 can reach 2Mbps, which can quickly complete the transmission of identity information and handshake signals, avoiding signal interaction lag in the initial stage of optical link establishment. Through dual identity information (vehicle 1 identifier + time synchronization password) verification, compared with single identifier verification, the security is significantly improved. It can prevent unauthorized vehicle 1 from accessing the system, stealing or tampering with vehicle 1 data from the source, providing security for sensitive data transmission and making up for the shortcomings of existing data transmission security. It should be noted that the setting of the vehicle-end transmitter 11 with a built-in matching Bluetooth communication module is not mandatory. Those skilled in the art can choose whether the vehicle-end transmitter 11 has a built-in matching Bluetooth communication module based on the specific application scenario, or of course, it is not necessary to set up a Bluetooth communication module. Communication with the fixed-end receiver 3 is achieved through the vehicle's own Bluetooth communication module or the Bluetooth communication module of in-vehicle mobile phones, watches and other smart devices.

[0068] In one or more embodiments, the support component 2 is integrally molded from carbon fiber composite material, with an overall weight of ≤5kg, which is more than 60% lighter than traditional metal brackets. This facilitates installation and disassembly in scenarios such as charging piles and parking lot pillars, reducing manpower and equipment costs during deployment. Alternatively, the support component 2 can also be made of stainless steel or other materials. Specifically, the support component 2 includes a fixed base, an electric lifting rod, an electric telescopic rod, and a rotating platform. The fixed base is fixed to the mounting surface with expansion bolts. The electric lifting rod adopts a telescopic rod structure with a lifting stroke of 0.5-2m, and its installation height of the fixed-end receiving device 3 can be adjusted via a control unit. One end of the electric telescopic rod is connected to the upper end of the electric lifting rod, also adopting a telescopic rod structure with a telescopic stroke of 0.5-2m, and its horizontal position of the fixed-end receiving device 3 can be adjusted via a control unit. The rotating platform is located at the end of the electric telescopic rod furthest from the electric lifting rod. The rotating platform has 360° horizontal rotation and ±30° vertical rotation capability, with a rotation accuracy of 0.1°. It is electrically connected to the control unit of the fixed-end receiving device 3 and can respond to angle adjustment commands. The adjustment functions of the electric lifting mast, electric telescopic mast, and rotating gimbal can be triggered in two ways: first, by receiving vehicle 1 position information from the second image acquisition module and automatically adjusting the height and angle; second, by remote manual adjustment through the backend management system. This adapts to different vehicle models, vehicle-end transmitter 11 installation positions, and vehicles 1 at different parking angles, effectively solving the optical link connection problem caused by vehicle 1 parking position deviations. Simultaneously, angle and height adjustments can compensate for signal offsets caused by environmental factors such as uneven ground and equipment installation deviations, ensuring the continuous stability of the optical communication link, reducing the risk of transmission interruption, and further improving the system's environmental adaptability. It should be noted that the specific construction of the electric lifting mast, electric telescopic mast, and rotating gimbal is existing technology, and those skilled in the art can choose based on specific application scenarios; it will not be elaborated further here.

[0069] like Figure 2As shown, the present invention also discloses a data unloading method for vehicle 1. S101: Obtain a signal indicating that vehicle 1 has stopped at the target area. Specifically, this signal can be generated by detecting the stopping status of vehicle 1 through the second image acquisition module, or by a location signal sent by the vehicle's GPS positioning module, ensuring that vehicle 1 has stopped stably in the unloading area corresponding to the charging pile. S102: Control the vehicle-side transmitter 11 and the fixed-side receiver 3 to start and establish an initial communication connection. Specifically, after the vehicle-side transmitter 11 is powered on, it starts optical wireless communication transmission preheating, and the fixed-side receiver 3 starts self-testing of each module, subsequently establishing an initial communication connection. S103: Locate the relative positions of the vehicle-side transmitter 11 and the fixed-side receiver 3, and calibrate the optical communication link. Specifically, the beacon light of the vehicle-side transmitter 11 is identified through the second image acquisition module, and the optical communication link is calibrated using the angle adjustment function of the support member 2, ensuring that the optical wireless communication is accurately incident on the receiving unit. S104: Transmit vehicle 1 data through the optical communication link to complete data unloading. Specifically, the vehicle-side compresses massive amounts of data, including high-precision sensor data and autonomous driving decision logs, and transmits them via optical wireless communication at a rate of 100Gbps. The fixed-end receiving unit receives the optical wireless communication, converts it into electrical signals, decompresses it, and stores it on a local server or uploads it to the cloud, completing the data offloading process. It should be noted that time-division multiplexing technology is used during data transmission, supporting simultaneous data offloading from multiple vehicles, adapting to large-scale charging pile scenarios. Compared to existing wired methods, offloading efficiency is improved by more than 50%, and no manual intervention is required, achieving fully automated operation and completely eliminating the manual plugging and unplugging intervention of wired methods, meeting the development needs of unmanned data processing in intelligent connected vehicles.

[0070] In one or more embodiments, the second image acquisition module faces the target area and captures images of vehicle 1. After capturing images of vehicle 1, it sends a signal that vehicle 1 has stopped in the target area. Specifically, the second image acquisition module of the fixed-end receiving device 3 always faces the target parking area and captures images at a frequency of 30fps, covering the entire parking space and the vehicle 1's entry and exit passage. When vehicle 1 enters the shooting range, the second image acquisition module uses a target detection algorithm to identify the outline of vehicle 1, extracts the vehicle's dimensions, license plate, and other feature information, and simultaneously determines whether vehicle 1 has come to a complete stop (a complete stop is defined as a positional deviation of vehicle 1 ≤ 0.5cm detected for three consecutive frames). After confirming that vehicle 1 has come to a complete stop, the second image acquisition module generates a signal that vehicle 1 has stopped in the target area and transmits this signal to the control unit of the fixed-end receiving device 3, triggering the subsequent device startup process. Compared to the prior art that relies on vehicle 1 sending a parking signal, this method does not require an additional signal transmission module on the vehicle side. It directly completes the detection using the second image acquisition module, achieving real-time detection and signal triggering after vehicle 1 stops. Meanwhile, vehicle 1 is confirmed to be parked through image recognition. Compared with detection methods such as infrared and ultrasonic, it has stronger anti-interference ability and can effectively avoid false triggering or missed triggering caused by foreign objects blocking the view or changes in ambient light. There is no need to deploy additional dedicated parking detection sensors. The second image acquisition module at the fixed end can be directly reused, simplifying the system structure and process and reducing hardware costs.

[0071] like Figure 3As shown, in one or more of the above embodiments, step S103, which involves locating the relative positions of the vehicle-end transmitter 11 and the fixed-end receiver 3 and calibrating the optical communication link, further includes: S201, acquiring a first image containing the fixed-end receiver captured by the first image acquisition module. Specifically, the first image acquisition module captures an image of the fixed-end receiver 3 and identifies the fixed-end receiver 3 using an image recognition algorithm. S202, based on the first image, controlling the photon adjustment component to activate, so that the fixed-end receiver is located at the center of the first image. Specifically, controlling the orientation movement of the receiving unit of the fixed-end receiver, so that when the fixed-end receiver is located at the center of the first image, the receiving unit faces the vehicle-end transmitter 11, facilitating optical wireless communication. S203, acquiring a second image containing the vehicle captured by the second image acquisition module. Specifically, the second image acquisition module captures an image of the vehicle-end transmitter 11 and identifies the vehicle-end transmitter 11 using an image recognition algorithm. S204, based on the second image, controlling the support component to activate, so that the vehicle-end transmitter is located at the center of the second image. Specifically, the orientation of the photonic component of the vehicle-end transmitter is controlled. When the vehicle-end transmitter is located at the center of the first image, the photonic component faces the fixed-end receiver 3, facilitating optical wireless communication. S205: When the beacon light of the vehicle-end transmitter is detected in the second image, the fixed-end receiver is controlled to turn and align with the beacon light. Specifically, after detecting the beacon light, the control unit of the fixed-end receiver 3 sends a command to the support member 2, driving the fixed-end receiver unit to turn and align with the beacon light. S206: The vehicle-end transmitter is controlled to adjust the direction of the optical wireless communication signal, so that the optical wireless communication signal is incident on the receiving unit of the fixed-end receiver. Specifically, the vehicle-end transmitter 11 obtains the relative angular deviation between itself and the fixed end, and controls the photonic adjustment component to adjust the direction of the optical wireless communication signal. Specifically, the angle of the microlens array is adjusted through the MEMS drive module, so that the optical wireless communication signal is accurately incident on the central region of the array photodetector of the fixed-end receiver unit. Through a two-way calibration process of "image acquisition - beacon light detection - fixed-end steering - vehicle-end adjustment," compared to one-way calibration, it can effectively compensate for vehicle parking deviations and equipment installation deviations, ensuring accurate optical wireless communication incident on the receiving unit and reducing signal attenuation. Relying on the second image acquisition module to quickly identify the beacon light, combined with the active steering at the fixed end and signal pointing adjustment at the vehicle end, the calibration process is automated and completed quickly without manual intervention, adapting to unmanned requirements.

[0072] In one or more embodiments, S104, after data unloading is completed, the step further includes: receiving a data transmission completion signal sent by the vehicle-side transmitter 11, and the fixed-side receiver 3 verifying the integrity of the received data. Specifically, after data transmission is completed, the vehicle-side transmitter 11 sends a data transmission completion signal to the fixed-side receiver 3 via a Bluetooth communication module. This signal includes the total data size, the number of data fragments, and the checksum of each fragment. After receiving the signal, the fixed-side receiver 3 verifies the integrity of the received data using a verification algorithm, comparing each fragment checksum with a preset value. If all checksums match, the data is determined to be complete, and the fixed-side receiver 3 sends an acknowledgment signal via Bluetooth. Upon receiving the signal, the vehicle-side receiver stops transmitting the optical wireless communication signal, turns off the beacon light, and disconnects the optical communication link. If there is a checksum mismatch, the data is determined to be incomplete. The fixed-side receiver 3 feeds back information such as the number and starting address of the missing data segment via Bluetooth. After receiving this information, the vehicle-side receiver initiates a breakpoint resume mechanism, only retransmitting the corresponding missing data segment. After the retransmission is completed, the integrity verification is performed again until the data is complete, at which point the link is disconnected. It should be noted that small data packets (1MB each) are used during the retransmission process to avoid transmission delays caused by excessively large retransmission data. A retry mechanism is also implemented, allowing for up to three retries after a single failed retransmission, ensuring a success rate of ≥99.9%. This step allows for timely detection of data loss during transmission, preventing errors in subsequent data storage and analysis due to packet loss and ensuring data availability. Targeted retransmission of missing data segments, rather than a complete retransmission, significantly reduces bandwidth usage and time costs during the retransmission process, saving over 80% of transmission time compared to a complete retransmission and improving data offloading efficiency. Clear procedures are established for link disconnection in cases of complete and incomplete data to prevent abnormal link usage due to missing data.

[0073] like Figure 4As shown, in one or more embodiments, step S102, controlling the vehicle-side transmitter 11 and the fixed-side receiver 3 to start, before establishing the initial communication connection, includes: S301, controlling the Bluetooth communication module of the fixed-side receiver 3 to start scanning mode, the vehicle-side Bluetooth communication module actively initiating a pairing request, and the two establishing a temporary Bluetooth data connection. Specifically, before controlling the vehicle-side transmitter 11 and the fixed-side receiver 3 to start and establish the initial communication connection, the Bluetooth communication module of the fixed-side receiver 3 starts scanning mode, with a scanning interval of 1 second / time, and the scanning range covering Bluetooth devices within 10 meters. After detecting the fixed-side Bluetooth signal, the Bluetooth communication module of the vehicle-side transmitter 11 actively initiates a pairing request, which includes the Bluetooth MAC address of vehicle 1. S302, obtaining the vehicle-side information sent through the Bluetooth communication module, including the vehicle 1 identifier, time synchronization password, and identity code. Specifically, after successful pairing, a temporary Bluetooth data connection is established, and the vehicle-side sends the identity code information through this connection. This information includes the vehicle 1 VIN code and a time synchronization password generated based on the current timestamp (accurate to the second) and a preset key. S303, compare the vehicle 1 identifier, time synchronization password, and identity code information with the vehicle 1 information in the backend database. After receiving the information, the fixed-end receiving device 3 compares the vehicle 1 VIN code and time synchronization password with the authorized vehicle 1 information in the backend database. S304, if the comparison matches, the authentication is successful, and the fixed-end receiving device 3 sends a handshake success signal and a link ready signal to the vehicle end via the Bluetooth communication module; if the comparison does not match, the communication link is refused to be established, and the fixed-end receiving device 3 sends an authentication failure prompt signal to the vehicle end via the Bluetooth communication module, while simultaneously disconnecting the Bluetooth connection. Specifically, the authentication failure prompt signal (including the reason for failure, such as unauthorized VIN code or incorrect time password) records the Bluetooth MAC address of vehicle 1 and the time of the authentication attempt, and adds the vehicle to a temporary blacklist (the blacklist is valid for 1 hour). A complete identity authentication loop is formed through multi-stage verification. Time-synchronized passwords effectively prevent identity information from being copied and tampered with, offering higher security compared to single verification methods. Clearly defined processing procedures for successful and failed verification prevent unauthorized vehicles from occupying communication resources, ensuring the data transmission bandwidth of legitimate vehicles. Furthermore, providing feedback on specific reasons for failures facilitates user troubleshooting, improves user experience and system fault tolerance, and compensates for the shortcomings of existing data transmission security technologies. It should be noted that the aforementioned Bluetooth communication is implemented through the built-in Bluetooth communication module of the vehicle-side transmitter 11. Those skilled in the art can choose to use smart devices such as in-vehicle systems, mobile phones, or watches to achieve Bluetooth communication with the fixed-end receiver 3, depending on the specific application scenario. When using a mobile phone, the phone connects to the in-vehicle system via Bluetooth or a wired connection, and the in-vehicle system connects to the vehicle-side transmitter 11 via a wired connection. The mobile phone acts as a data relay station to complete data transmission between the vehicle-side transmitter 11 and the fixed-end receiver 3.

[0074] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the method of the above embodiment of the present invention can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file, or some intermediate form. The computer-readable storage medium can include any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, media, USB flash drive, portable hard drive, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory, random access memory, electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content included in the computer-readable storage medium can be appropriately added or removed according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, the computer-readable storage medium does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0075] The various component embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, or as software modules running on one or more processors, or a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will understand that microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSPs) can be used in practice to implement some or all of the functions of some or all of the components in a satellite platform or ground platform according to embodiments of the present invention. The present invention can also be implemented as a device or apparatus program (e.g., a PC program and PC program products) for performing some or all of the methods described herein. Such programs implementing the present invention can be stored on a PC-readable medium, or can be in the form of one or more signals. Such signals can be downloaded from an Internet website, provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.

[0076] Those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this application and form different embodiments. For example, any of the claimed embodiments in the claims of this application can be used in any combination.

[0077] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after such changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle data unloading system, characterized in that, It includes a vehicle-end transmitter, a fixed-end receiver, and a support structure. The vehicle-end transmitter and the fixed-end receiver establish a communication link through optical wireless communication signals. The vehicle-end transmitter is installed on the vehicle and is configured to transmit optical wireless communication signals carrying vehicle data in a directional manner. The supporting member supports the fixed-end receiving device and can drive the fixed-end receiving device toward the transmission direction of the optical wireless communication signal; The fixed-end receiving device includes a receiving unit and a control unit. The receiving unit is configured to receive optical wireless communication signals emitted by the vehicle-end transmitting device, and the control unit is configured to control the supporting member to orient the receiving unit toward the transmission direction of the optical wireless communication signal.

2. The vehicle data unloading system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle-mounted transmitter includes a housing, a photonic component, a photonic adjustment component, and a first image acquisition module; The housing is configured as a transparent cover that allows optical wireless communication signals to pass through; The photonic component uses gallium and nitrogen-containing materials and is configured to output optical wireless communication signals. The photon adjustment component is disposed on the housing, and the photon adjustment component is configured to receive the optical wireless communication signal transmitted through the housing and focus the optical wireless communication signal to provide a focused optical wireless communication signal; The first image acquisition module includes a wide field-of-view CMOS camera, which is configured to capture images of the fixed-end receiving device and obtain the position information of the fixed-end receiving device.

3. The vehicle data unloading system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed-end receiving device further includes a second image acquisition module, which includes a wide-field-of-view CMOS camera and is configured to capture images of the vehicle and the vehicle-end transmitter to obtain vehicle location information.

4. The vehicle data unloading system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed-end receiving device also includes a Bluetooth communication module and an identity authentication module; The Bluetooth communication module is configured to actively scan and pair with the vehicle-side Bluetooth communication module before the communication link is established, establish a temporary data connection, receive identity information sent by the vehicle-side, and send back feedback signals such as handshake verification results and link initialization status to the vehicle-side. The identity authentication module is configured to receive identity code information sent by the vehicle-end transmitter. The identity code information includes the vehicle identifier and time synchronization password. The identity authentication module verifies the vehicle identity by comparing it with a preset database. After successful verification, a communication handshake is established.

5. The vehicle data unloading system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support component adopts a lightweight carbon fiber structure and is configured to adjust the installation height and horizontal position of the fixed end receiving device.

6. A method for unloading vehicle data, characterized in that, Based on the vehicle data unloading system according to any one of claims 1-5, the method includes: Obtain a signal indicating that the vehicle has stopped at the target area; The vehicle-side transmitter and the fixed-side receiver are activated to establish an initial communication connection. Position the relative locations of the vehicle-mounted transmitter and the fixed-end receiver, and calibrate the optical communication link; Vehicle data is transmitted via an optical communication link to complete data offloading.

7. The vehicle data unloading method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the signal that the vehicle has stopped at the target area includes: The second image acquisition module takes pictures of the target area, and after capturing the vehicle, sends a signal that the vehicle has stopped in the target area.

8. The vehicle data unloading method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The steps for calibrating the optical communication link, which involve determining the relative position of the vehicle-end transmitter and the fixed-end receiver, include: Acquire a first image captured by the first image acquisition module, which contains a fixed-end receiving device; Based on the first image, control the photon adjustment component to start, so that the fixed end receiving device is located at the center of the first image; Acquire a second image containing the vehicle captured by the second image acquisition module; Based on the second image, control the support member to start, so that the vehicle-end transmitter is located in the center of the second image; When the beacon light of the vehicle-end transmitter is detected in the second image, the fixed-end receiver is controlled to turn and align with the beacon light; The vehicle-side transmitter adjusts the direction of the optical wireless communication signal so that the optical wireless communication signal is incident on the receiving unit of the fixed-end receiver.

9. The vehicle data unloading method according to claim 8, characterized in that, After the data is unloaded, the steps also include: The fixed-end receiving device verifies the integrity of the received data by receiving a data transmission completion signal sent by the vehicle-end transmitting device. If the data is complete, the fixed-end receiving device sends an acknowledgment signal to the vehicle end, and the vehicle end stops transmitting optical wireless communication signals and turns off the beacon light; If the data is incomplete, the fixed receiving device will report the missing data segment information, and the vehicle will transmit the corresponding data before disconnecting the link.

10. The vehicle data unloading method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before the step of activating the vehicle-side transmitter and the fixed-side receiver to establish an initial communication connection, the method includes: The Bluetooth communication module of the fixed receiving device is controlled to start scanning mode, and the Bluetooth communication module of the vehicle actively initiates a pairing request, and the two establish a temporary Bluetooth data connection. Obtain information including vehicle identification, time synchronization password, and identity code sent by the vehicle via Bluetooth communication module; Compare the vehicle identifier, the time synchronization password, and the identity code information with the vehicle information in the backend database; If the comparison matches, authentication is successful, and the fixed-end receiving device sends a handshake success signal and a link ready signal to the vehicle via the Bluetooth communication module. If the comparison does not match, the communication link is refused to be established, and the fixed-end receiving device sends an authentication failure prompt signal to the vehicle via the Bluetooth communication module, while simultaneously disconnecting the Bluetooth connection.

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