Implementation method and system for fumigation of grain in a granary

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of granary grain fumigation insecticidal implementation method and system;Implementation method includes: step 1, the basic parameters and grain storage data of granary are obtained, step 2, according to the basic parameters and grain storage data of the obtained granary generation fumigation insecticidal dosage and grain fumigation insecticidal implementation scheme;Step 3, operator according to generation fumigation insecticidal dosage and grain fumigation insecticidal implementation scheme carries out fumigation implementation;Step 4, after fumigation, complete air dispersion according to air dispersion scheme, detect the residual concentration of toxic gas in grain pile and warehouse by residual detection module, remove safety early warning after reaching standard.This application obtains the basic parameters of granary and grain storage data, such as the time into warehouse, which is related to the number of pest generations, grain species, quantity, average temperature, grain pile height, form, storage method, main insect species and insect grain grade, etc., which provides a comprehensive basis for fumigation scheme development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fumigation and pest control of grain in grain warehouses, and more specifically to a method and system for implementing fumigation and pest control of grain in grain warehouses. Background Technology

[0002] In the grain storage sector, ensuring the safe storage of grain is always of paramount importance. During storage, grain is highly susceptible to damage from various factors, with pests being a particularly prominent issue. According to relevant data, losses due to grain mold and pests account for a significant proportion each year. If stored grain pests cannot be effectively controlled and eradicated, not only will substantial losses of stored grain occur, but the quality of stored grain will also be severely degraded, posing a great threat. Currently, chemical fumigation is the primary method for controlling pests and diseases in stored grain. This method uses chemical fumigants to kill pests and pathogens in sealed grain warehouses, enabling rapid and large-scale pest eradication. Internationally, phosphine is a widely used chemical fumigant in the grain storage sector. Phosphine is colorless, highly toxic, and flammable. Its good diffusion and volatility allow it to easily penetrate the lower layers of grain piles, making it a high-performance fumigant widely used in daily pest control operations in grain storage enterprises in my country. However, traditional grain fumigation and pest control techniques have many drawbacks. Regarding fumigants, while traditional fumigants like phosphine are effective at killing insects, they have residual toxicity issues, potentially posing a threat to human health and the environment, and failing to meet green food standards. Long-term, large-scale use of the same type of fumigant leads to increasing insecticide resistance in pests, significantly reducing the effectiveness of fumigation and increasing the risk of grain loss. Some fumigants are also corrosive to storage facilities, such as damaging metal containers and plastic films, not only shortening the lifespan of these facilities but also potentially causing grain contamination due to chemical migration. During fumigation, when fumigating tall, flat-roofed grain warehouses for pest control, multiple applications of fumigant using an external fumigation machine are typically required to achieve the desired effect. This process is labor-intensive, time-consuming, extremely inconvenient, and costly. Furthermore, conventional fumigation methods suffer from long application times and uneven distribution of fumigant concentration within the grain pile, making it difficult to guarantee effective fumigation. For example, when using a fumigation tray, the phosphine concentration in the grain warehouse is high at the initial application stage and gradually decreases throughout the fumigation period, failing to maintain a balanced phosphine concentration and thus affecting the pest control effect. Furthermore, with increasing public concern for food safety and environmental protection, the demand for environmentally friendly, efficient, and intelligent grain fumigation and pest control technologies is becoming increasingly urgent. Traditional fumigation technologies can no longer meet the current development requirements of the grain storage industry and urgently need innovation and improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, to address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention provides a method and system for fumigating and controlling pests in grain warehouses. By acquiring basic parameters of the grain warehouse, such as the warehouse type determining the spatial structure and gas diffusion path, internal temperature and moisture affecting the volatilization and efficacy of the fumigant, and grain storage data, such as the time of entry into the warehouse relating to the number of pest generations, grain variety, quantity, average temperature, grain pile height, shape, storage method, main insect species, and insect-fed grade, a comprehensive basis is provided for formulating fumigation plans. Compared with traditional methods that rely on experience to estimate fumigation dosage and methods, this invention generates precise fumigation dosages and highly targeted implementation plans, greatly improving the scientific rigor and rationality of fumigation schemes.

[0004] This invention is implemented by constructing a method for fumigating and killing insects in grain warehouses, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Collect basic parameters and grain storage data of the grain warehouse in real time through a sensor network, and establish a dynamic parameter monitoring database at the same time; Step 2: Based on the aforementioned parameter dynamic monitoring library, and combined with the preset insect pest-pesticide matching model and warehouse type adaptation algorithm, generate precise dosage and personalized implementation plan for fumigation pest control; the personalized implementation plan includes airtight operation, circulating fumigation method, dosage and application information, precise application process, intelligent replenishment process, efficient air dispersion scheme, quantitative inspection method for fumigation effect, and safety early warning mechanism. Step 3: Under the real-time monitoring of the safety early warning mechanism, the operator performs the fumigation operation according to the precise dosage and personalized implementation plan. Step 4: After fumigation, complete the gas dissipation according to the gas dissipation plan. Use the residual detection module to detect the residual concentration of toxic gas in the grain pile and warehouse. Once the standard is met, the safety warning will be lifted.

[0005] According to the grain fumigation and pest control method for grain warehouses of the present invention, the basic parameters of the grain warehouse include warehouse type, internal temperature, relative humidity, and warehouse airtightness level; the grain storage data include the time of entry into the warehouse, grain variety, grain quantity, average temperature of the grain pile, height of the grain pile, shape of the grain pile, storage method, main insect species, insect-fed grain grade, and distribution area and density of insect infestation.

[0006] According to the method for fumigating and killing insects in grain storage according to the present invention, the airtightness operation specifically involves: sealing the manholes and ventilation openings of the storage body with double-layer film, closing the main door and sealing the windows, and then conducting a pressure test using an airtightness tester to ensure that the pressure decay rate inside the storage meets the preset standard.

[0007] According to the method for fumigating and killing insects in grain warehouses as described in this invention, the precise application process includes: Step 1: Verify the integrity of the air respirator and the cylinder pressure using the safety monitoring terminal; Step 2: Based on insect infestation distribution data, set up differentiated pesticide application points on the surface and deep layers of the grain pile; Step 3: Under the supervision of two people and real-time video monitoring, apply the medicine into the warehouse according to the preset path; Step 4: After applying the pesticide, use an infrared leak detector to check the seal of the chamber. Once it is confirmed that there is no air leakage, close and lock the chamber door. According to the grain fumigation and pest control method for grain storage according to the present invention, the intelligent pesticide application process includes: Based on the real-time data of temperature and humidity changes and toxic gas concentration in the grain pile in the dynamic monitoring of parameters, the threshold for drug supplementation is determined. When the medication threshold is reached, the system will automatically trigger a medication reminder and update the medication dosage. Perform the medication replenishment operation, and update the parameter dynamic monitoring database after the medication replenishment.

[0008] According to the grain fumigation and pest control method for grain storage according to the present invention, the efficient gas dissipation scheme is as follows: first, negative pressure is drawn out by exhaust fans outside the storage, then the windows outside the storage are opened, and positive pressure is supplied by the grain cooler. At the same time, the concentration of toxic gas inside the storage is monitored in real time by sensors. When the concentration drops below the safety standard, ventilation is maintained for a preset time and then gas dissipation is stopped.

[0009] According to the grain fumigation and pest control method of the present invention, the method for quantitatively checking the fumigation effect is as follows: after the gas is dispersed, grain samples are collected by stratified sampling, the number of live insects is counted by insect detection equipment, and the pest control effect is quantitatively evaluated in combination with the insect grain grade judgment standard; if the standard is not met, return to step 2 to regenerate the re-fumigation plan.

[0010] According to the method for fumigating and killing pests in grain warehouses as described in this invention, the safety early warning mechanism includes: real-time monitoring of toxic gas concentration sensors inside and outside the warehouse, triggering audible and visual alarms and remotely pushing early warning information when the concentration exceeds the standard; setting up an electronic fence to prohibit unauthorized personnel from approaching; and displaying the operation countdown and safety status in real time during the application and gas dispersal stages.

[0011] A grain fumigation and pest control system for grain storage includes: The parameter acquisition module consists of a distributed sensor network and a data acquisition terminal, which is used to collect basic parameters of grain warehouses and grain storage data in real time and establish a dynamic parameter monitoring database. The model algorithm module has a built-in insect pest-pesticide matching model and warehouse type adaptation algorithm, which are used to analyze and process data from the parameter dynamic monitoring library to generate accurate pesticide dosage and personalized implementation plan; The safety early warning module is connected to the parameter acquisition module and the model algorithm module respectively. It is used to monitor safety indicators in real time during the fumigation process, trigger early warnings and push information. The execution control module, connected to the model algorithm module and the safety early warning module, is used to receive the implementation plan and control the operation of the pesticide application equipment, gas dispersing equipment and sealing device; The residual detection module, connected to the execution control module, is used to detect the residual concentration of toxic gas in the grain pile and warehouse after gas dispersal. The display and interaction module is connected to each of the above modules and is used to display parameter data, implementation schemes, safety status and test results, and supports manual operation command input.

[0012] According to the grain fumigation and pest control system for grain storage according to the present invention, the distributed sensor network includes temperature and humidity sensors, toxic gas concentration sensors, insect infestation sensors, and pressure sensors, which are respectively deployed in different areas of the storage and deep layers of the grain pile. The execution control module includes a pesticide application control unit, a gas dispersion control unit, and a sealing control unit; the pesticide application control unit is connected to the precision pesticide application equipment and is used to control the on / off switch of the application point and the amount of pesticide used; the gas dispersion control unit is connected to the valley cooler and exhaust fan and is used to adjust the ventilation rate; the sealing control unit is connected to the electric sealing door and the film covering and fixing device to realize automated sealing operation. The safety early warning module includes an audible and visual alarm unit, an electronic fence unit, and a remote communication unit; the electronic fence unit is used to delineate safety areas, and the remote communication unit can push early warning information to the mobile terminal of management personnel. The display interaction and storage module adopts a touch screen and supports implementation scheme export, operation record query and parameter threshold setting functions; The residual detection module integrates a gas sampling device and a concentration analysis instrument, which can automatically collect gas samples from different areas and display the detection results in real time. When the residual concentration meets the standard, it sends a compliance signal to the execution control module.

[0013] This invention provides a method and system for fumigating and killing insects in grain warehouses, which has the following significant effects. I. The implementation of this technology will help to formulate precise and efficient fumigation plans. Based on a comprehensive data generation scheme: by acquiring basic parameters of the grain silo, such as the silo type determining the spatial structure and gas diffusion path, internal temperature and moisture affecting the volatilization and efficacy of the fumigant, and grain storage data, such as the time of entry into the silo relating to the number of pest generations, grain variety, quantity, average temperature, grain pile height, shape, storage method, main insect species, and insect-fed grade, this provides a comprehensive basis for formulating fumigation schemes. Compared with traditional methods that rely on experience to estimate fumigation dosage and methods, the fumigation dosage generated by this invention is accurate, and the implementation scheme is highly targeted, greatly improving the scientific rigor and rationality of the fumigation scheme.

[0014] Personalized Fumigation: The basic parameters and grain storage data of different grain warehouses vary greatly, making traditional, uniform fumigation methods unsuitable for complex and ever-changing realities. This invention can tailor fumigation and pest control solutions based on the unique data of each grain warehouse, ensuring optimal fumigation results. For example, it selects the most suitable fumigation method and pesticide for different insect species, and precisely adjusts the pesticide application strategy for insect species resistant to certain fumigants, effectively improving pest control efficacy.

[0015] II. The fumigation process of this technology is safe and reliable. Standardized application procedures ensure safety: During the application process, strict checks are conducted to ensure the air respirators are in good working order and the cylinder pressure is sufficient, greatly reducing the risk of poisoning for application personnel. Application points are set up on the surface of the grain pile, and on-site personnel supervise the application process. After application, the warehouse door is closed, and checks are conducted for any leaks. All aspects of the application process are ensured to be safe and standardized, preventing fumigant leaks from causing harm to personnel and the environment.

[0016] Standardized replenishment process: The replenishment process is consistent with the application process, emphasizing safety checks and standardized operation to ensure that if the concentration of fumigant is insufficient due to various reasons during fumigation, the replenishment operation is safe and reliable, maintaining an effective fumigation concentration and ensuring the continuity of fumigation effect.

[0017] Strict airtight operation: The manhole is covered with a membrane, and doors and windows are closed to ensure airtight operation. This creates a good airtight environment for fumigation, reduces fumigant leakage, improves the utilization rate of fumigant, reduces the cost of fumigation, reduces pollution to the surrounding environment, and ensures the safety of personnel in the fumigation operation area.

[0018] Third, this fumigation method is characterized by high efficiency and environmental protection. The advantages of recirculating fumigation are significant: Utilizing aerodynamic circulation theory, the fumigation gas is rapidly and evenly distributed within the grain pile. Compared to conventional fumigation, it allows the fumigation gas to penetrate all parts of the grain pile in a shorter time, effectively solving the problem of poor gas penetration in tall, flat warehouses. This results in more thorough pest control, significantly improved fumigation efficiency, and reduced time for grain to be damaged by pests.

[0019] Environmentally friendly ventilation solution: The ventilation solution uses windows on the outside of the warehouse and positive pressure air supply from the grain chiller to accelerate the discharge of fumigation gases, shorten the ventilation time, reduce the residual time of fumigants in the warehouse, reduce the potential pollution risk to grain and the environment, and meet the requirements of green and environmentally friendly grain storage.

[0020] IV. Convenience of Functional Integration of this Technical System The parameter acquisition module is real-time and accurate: It can acquire the basic parameters and grain storage data of the grain warehouse in real time and accurately, providing timely and effective information for subsequent scheme generation. It avoids the tediousness and possible errors of manual data collection and improves the efficiency and accuracy of data collection.

[0021] Intelligent generation of fumigation scheme acquisition module: The fumigation scheme acquisition module, connected to the parameter acquisition module, can quickly generate accurate fumigation insecticide dosage and implementation plan based on big data analysis and professional algorithms. This reduces the time and workload of manual calculation and scheme formulation, and realizes intelligent and efficient fumigation scheme formulation.

[0022] The display module presents the generated fumigation implementation plan intuitively to the operators, making it easier for them to clearly understand each step and requirement of the fumigation operation. This reduces the difficulty for operators to understand complex plans and improves the accuracy and convenience of the operation. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system implementation modules in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following will be combined with the appendix Figures 1-2 This invention will be described in detail, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0025] Example 1: This invention provides a method for fumigating and killing insects in grain storage, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it can be implemented in the following manner, including the following steps: Step 1: Collect basic parameters and grain storage data of the grain warehouse in real time through a sensor network, and establish a dynamic parameter monitoring database at the same time; Step 2: Based on the aforementioned parameter dynamic monitoring library, and combined with the preset insect pest-pesticide matching model and warehouse type adaptation algorithm, generate precise dosage and personalized implementation plan for fumigation pest control; the personalized implementation plan includes airtight operation, circulating fumigation method, dosage and application information, precise application process, intelligent replenishment process, efficient air dispersion scheme, quantitative inspection method for fumigation effect, and safety early warning mechanism. Step 3: Under the real-time monitoring of the safety early warning mechanism, the operator performs the fumigation operation according to the precise dosage and personalized implementation plan. Step 4: After fumigation, complete the gas dissipation according to the gas dissipation plan. Use the residual detection module to detect the residual concentration of toxic gas in the grain pile and warehouse. Once the standard is met, the safety warning will be lifted.

[0026] In the implementation method of Example 1, the basic parameters of the grain warehouse include warehouse type, internal temperature, relative humidity, and warehouse airtightness level; the grain storage data includes the time of entry into the warehouse, grain variety, grain quantity, average temperature of the grain pile, height of the grain pile, shape of the grain pile, storage method, main insect species, insect-fed grade, distribution area and density of insect infestation.

[0027] In the implementation method of Example 1, the airtightness operation specifically involves: sealing the manhole and ventilation opening of the chamber with a double-layer membrane, closing the door and sealing the window, and then conducting a pressure test using an airtightness tester to ensure that the pressure decay rate inside the chamber meets the preset standard.

[0028] In the implementation method of Example 1, the precision drug application process includes: Step 1: Verify the integrity of the air respirator and the cylinder pressure using the safety monitoring terminal; Step 2: Based on insect infestation distribution data, set up differentiated pesticide application points on the surface and deep layers of the grain pile; Step 3: Under the supervision of two people and real-time video monitoring, apply the medicine into the warehouse according to the preset path; Step 4: After applying the pesticide, use an infrared leak detector to check the seal of the chamber. Once it is confirmed that there is no air leakage, close and lock the chamber door. In the implementation method of Example 1, the intelligent medication replenishment process includes: Based on the real-time data of temperature and humidity changes and toxic gas concentration in the grain pile in the dynamic monitoring of parameters, the threshold for drug supplementation is determined. When the medication threshold is reached, the system will automatically trigger a medication reminder and update the medication dosage. Perform the medication replenishment operation, and update the parameter dynamic monitoring database after the medication replenishment.

[0029] In the implementation method of Example 1, the efficient gas dissipation scheme is as follows: first, negative pressure is drawn out by the exhaust fan outside the warehouse, then the windows outside the warehouse are opened, and positive pressure is supplied by the valley cooler. At the same time, the concentration of toxic gas in the warehouse is monitored in real time by the sensor. When the concentration drops below the safety standard, the ventilation is maintained for a preset time and then the gas dissipation is stopped.

[0030] In the implementation method of Example 1, the method for quantitatively checking the fumigation effect is as follows: after the gas is dispersed, grain samples are collected using stratified sampling, the number of live insects is counted using insect detection equipment, and the insecticidal effect is quantitatively evaluated in combination with the insect-grain grade judgment standard; if the standard is not met, return to step 2 to regenerate the re-fumigation plan.

[0031] In the implementation method of Example 1, the safety early warning mechanism includes: real-time monitoring of toxic gas concentration sensors inside and outside the warehouse, triggering audible and visual alarms and remotely pushing early warning information when the concentration exceeds the standard; setting up an electronic fence to prohibit unauthorized personnel from approaching; and displaying the operation countdown and safety status in real time during the application and dispersal stages.

[0032] Example 2, as Figure 2 As shown, a grain fumigation and pest control system for grain storage includes: The parameter acquisition module 101 consists of a distributed sensor network and a data acquisition terminal, and is used to collect basic parameters and grain storage data of the grain warehouse in real time and establish a dynamic parameter monitoring database. Model algorithm module 102 has a built-in insect pest-pesticide matching model and warehouse type adaptation algorithm, which are used to analyze and process data from the parameter dynamic monitoring library to generate accurate pesticide dosage and personalized implementation plan; The safety early warning module 103 is connected to the parameter acquisition module 101 and the model algorithm module 102 respectively, and is used to monitor safety indicators in the fumigation process in real time, trigger early warnings and push information. The execution control module 104 is connected to the model algorithm module 102 and the safety early warning module 103, and is used to receive the implementation plan and control the operation of the pesticide application equipment, the gas dispersing equipment and the sealing device. The residual detection module 105 is connected to the execution control module 104 and is used to detect the residual concentration of toxic gas in the grain pile and warehouse after gas dispersal. The display interaction module 106 is connected to each of the above modules and is used to display parameter data, implementation schemes, safety status and test results, and supports manual operation command input.

[0033] In the above implementation system, the distributed sensor network includes temperature and humidity sensors, toxic gas concentration sensors, insect infestation sensors, and pressure sensors, which are deployed in different areas of the warehouse and deep within the grain pile, respectively. The execution control module 104 includes a pesticide application control unit, a gas dispersing control unit, and a sealing control unit; the pesticide application control unit is connected to the precision pesticide application equipment and is used to control the switch of the application point and the amount of pesticide used; the gas dispersing control unit is connected to the valley cooler and the exhaust fan and is used to adjust the ventilation rate; the sealing control unit is connected to the electric sealing door and the film covering and fixing device to realize automated sealing operation. The safety early warning module 103 includes an audible and visual alarm unit, an electronic fence unit, and a remote communication unit; the electronic fence unit is used to delineate a safety area, and the remote communication unit can push early warning information to the mobile terminal of the management personnel. The display interaction and storage module 106 adopts a touch screen and supports implementation export, operation record query and parameter threshold setting functions; The residual detection module 105 integrates a gas sampling device and a concentration analysis instrument, which can automatically collect gas samples from different areas and display the detection results in real time. When the residual concentration meets the standard, it sends a standard-reaching signal to the execution control module 104.

[0034] The specific implementation of this application is described below; This embodiment details the specific implementation scheme of the grain fumigation and pest control method and system for grain storage according to the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to accurately implement the technology based on the following description, while verifying the practicality, safety, and efficiency of the technical solution. This embodiment takes the fumigation and pest control of wheat in a 5000-ton flat warehouse as an example, and elaborates on the specific parameters and equipment models. The application of other warehouse types, grain varieties, and storage capacities can be adapted and adjusted with reference to this embodiment.

[0035] I. System Overall Structure Description The overall structure of the grain fumigation and pest control system described in this invention adopts a modular design. Each module realizes data interaction and command transmission through industrial Ethernet and RS485 bus. The system architecture complies with the requirements of GB / T 22108-2008 "Technical Specifications for Grain and Oil Storage" and GB 12475-2013 "Protection Regulations for the Storage, Transportation, Sale and Use of Pesticides".

[0036] The core hardware deployment of the system includes: a distributed sensor network, an industrial control host (CPU model: Intel Corei7-12700H, memory 16GB), a touch display terminal (15-inch industrial-grade touch screen, resolution 1920×1080), a precision spraying device (model: XYS-500 circulating fumigation sprayer), a valley cooler (model: GL-120, cooling capacity 120kW), an infrared leak detector (model: HL-300, detection accuracy 0.01mL / min), a gas concentration detector (model: GD-600, supporting phosphine concentration detection 0-1000ppm), and a mobile terminal APP (compatible with Android 9.0 and iOS 14.0 and above).

[0037] II. Detailed Structure and Functions of Each Module (a) Parameter acquisition module 101 Hardware components: Includes 30 temperature and humidity sensors (model: SHT30, measurement range: -40℃~125℃, humidity 0~100% RH, accuracy ±0.3℃), 15 phosphine concentration sensors (deployed in the four corners, middle and 1m and 2m deep in the grain pile), 5 insect sensors (model: CQ-200, which detects insect activity through infrared, with a detection range radius of 5m), and 2 pressure sensors (deployed inside the warehouse door and ventilation openings, with a measurement range of 0~5kPa).

[0038] Workflow: The sensor collects data at a frequency of 10 minutes / time and transmits it to the data acquisition terminal via the LoRa wireless communication module. The terminal performs noise reduction processing on the data and stores it in the parameter dynamic monitoring library. The data transmission delay is ≤3 seconds.

[0039] (II) Model Algorithm Module 102 Core Algorithm: Insect-pesticide matching model: Based on the BP neural network algorithm, the input parameters are the main insect species (such as corn weevil and red flour beetle), insect density (heads / kg), insect-fed grade (1~4), and average temperature of the grain pile. The output is the precise dosage of aluminum phosphide (g / ton of grain). The model error is ≤5%.

[0040] The silo type adaptation algorithm adopts the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The input is the silo type (flat warehouse / vertical silo / shallow circular silo), the airtightness level of the silo (level 1~3), and the height of the grain pile. The output is the number of pesticide application points, the spacing between them, and the operating parameters of the circulating fan (wind speed 0.3~0.8m / s).

[0041] Data processing logic: After receiving real-time data from the parameter acquisition module, it is first compared with a preset threshold (e.g., fumigation is triggered when the insect density is ≥5 insects / kg), and then the personalized implementation plan is generated by the above algorithm. The whole process takes ≤1 minute.

[0042] (III) Safety Early Warning Module 103 Hardware components: audible and visual alarm (deployed at the warehouse entrance, alarm volume ≥85dB, light flashing frequency 2 times / second), electronic fence (using pulse fence, protection distance ≥5m, trigger voltage 5000V), remote communication module (supports 4G / 5G network).

[0043] Operating mechanism: Real-time reception of concentration sensor data. When the phosphine concentration inside the chamber exceeds 500 ppm or the leakage concentration outside the chamber exceeds 0.3 ppm, an audible and visual alarm is immediately triggered. At the same time, a warning message (including concentration value and alarm location) is pushed to the mobile terminal of the management personnel through the remote communication module. When the electronic fence detects unauthorized personnel approaching, an alarm is triggered simultaneously and the trigger time is recorded.

[0044] (iv) Execution control module 104 Unit-based structure: 1. Application control unit: Connects to the XYS-500 circulating fumigation applicator, with a built-in flow control valve, which can automatically adjust the application rate (0~50g / min) according to the amount of pesticide set in the implementation plan, and control the opening / closing of the application point.

[0045] 2. Ventilation control unit: It is linked with the warehouse chiller and the external exhaust fan (model: PF-800, air volume 8000m³ / h). Based on the concentration data of the residual detection module, it automatically adjusts the ventilation rate to achieve switching between negative pressure exhaust and positive pressure air supply.

[0046] 3. Sealing control unit: Connects the electric sealing door (control accuracy ±1mm) and the film fixing device (using pneumatic pressure strips). Based on the pressure data fed back from the pressure sensor, it automatically adjusts the sealing force to ensure that the airtightness meets the standard.

[0047] (v) Residue Detection Module 105 Hardware configuration: Integrated automatic gas sampling device (sampling flow rate 500mL / min), gas chromatograph (model: GC-2030, detection limit 0.001ppm) and data processing unit.

[0048] Workflow: During the gas dispersal stage, gas samples are collected from different areas (corners and center) and the surface and deep layers of the grain pile at a frequency of 30 minutes / time. The residual concentration of phosphine is analyzed by gas chromatography, and the test results are transmitted to the display and interaction module in real time. When the concentration of all samples is ≤0.3ppm, a compliance signal is sent to the execution control module to stop the gas dispersal.

[0049] (vi) Display, interaction and storage module 106 Display and interaction module: The touch screen supports Chinese / English switching. The interface includes a real-time parameter monitoring area, an implementation plan display area, a safety status prompt area, and an operation command input area. It can export implementation plans and operation records in PDF format and supports manually setting parameters such as insect infestation threshold and maximum dosage.

[0050] Data storage module: Uses solid-state drive (1TB capacity) to store historical parameter data, implementation plan, fumigation effect records and alarm logs. Data retention period is ≥3 years. Supports query and traceability by warehouse number, time, grain type and other conditions.

[0051] III. Specific Logic of the Model Algorithm (I) Pest Infestation-Pesticide Matching Model 1. Data preprocessing: The collected data such as insect density and grain pile temperature are normalized to eliminate the influence of dimensions. The processing formula is: x'=(x-x_min) / (x_max-x_min), where x is the original data, and x_min and x_max are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the parameter, respectively.

[0052] 2. Neural Network Training: Using 1000 sets of historical fumigation data (including insect species, insect density, temperature, pesticide dosage, and insecticidal effect) as the training set, the number of neurons in the input layer was set to 4, the number of hidden layers to 2 (10 neurons in each layer), and the number of output neurons to 1 (pesticide dosage). The training iterations were 1000 times, the learning rate was 0.01, and the final model fit was R²≥0.95.

[0053] 3. Real-time calculation: Input the current insect infestation and grain temperature data, and the model outputs the basic dosage of pesticides, which is then adjusted according to the humidity of the grain pile (the dosage increases by 3% for every 10% increase in humidity).

[0054] (II) Warehouse Type Adaptation Algorithm 1. Air tightness weight allocation: Level 1 (pressure decay ≤ 50Pa / 30min) of air tightness of the silo has a weight of 0.6, Level 2 (50~100Pa / 30min) has a weight of 0.4, and Level 3 (>100Pa / 30min) has a weight of 0.2.

[0055] 2. Calculation of application points: Number of application points = effective volume inside the warehouse (m³) × 0.02 × airtightness weight; Spacing between application points = length (or width) of grain pile / √ number of application points (i.e., divide the length or width of the grain pile by the square root of the number of application points) to ensure uniform distribution of pesticides.

[0056] 3. Adjustment of circulation parameters: The air velocity of the circulation fan in the flat warehouse is set to 0.5m / s, the air velocity in the vertical silo is 0.8m / s, and the air velocity in the shallow circular silo is 0.6m / s; when the air tightness level is 3, the air velocity is increased by 20% and the circulation time is extended by 30%.

[0057] IV. Examples of Fumigation for Insect Control (I) Basic parameters and grain storage data Basic parameters of the grain warehouse: flat warehouse, 50m long, 20m wide, and 6m high, with a warehouse airtightness level of 2 (pressure decay of 80Pa / 30min), internal temperature of 25℃, and relative humidity of 65%.

[0058] Grain storage data: Wheat, stored for 3 months, quantity 4800 tons, average temperature of grain pile 24℃, height of grain pile 4m, rectangular shape of grain pile, bulk storage, main insect species is corn weevil, insect density 8 insects / kg, insect grade 2, insect distribution is concentrated in the middle and upper layers of grain pile.

[0059] (II) Scheme Generation Process 1. The parameter acquisition module collects the above data and stores it in the dynamic monitoring library. After preprocessing, the data is transmitted to the model algorithm module.

[0060] 2. The pest-pesticide matching model takes corn weevils, a density of 8 weevils / kg, and a grain temperature of 24℃ as input, and outputs a basic pesticide dosage of 3g / ton of grain. After correction for humidity of 65%, the final precise pesticide dosage is 3.09g / ton of grain. The total pesticide dosage is approximately 4800 tons × 3.09g / ton ≈ 14.83kg (using 56% aluminum phosphide tablets, 3g per tablet, a total of 4944 tablets are required).

[0061] 3. The number of application points calculated by the silo type adaptation algorithm is 50×20×4×0.02×0.4=32, the spacing between application points is √(50×20 / 32)≈5.6m, and the air velocity of the circulating fan is set to 0.5m / s.

[0062] 4. The model algorithm module integrates and generates personalized implementation plans, including airtight operation, precise application process, intelligent replenishment threshold (replenishment is triggered when the concentration in the chamber is ≤200ppm), gas dissipation plan and effect inspection method, which are displayed through the interactive display module.

[0063] (III) Fumigation Implementation Steps 1. Airtight operation: The manhole of the chamber is sealed with a double-layer PE membrane. After the electric sealing door is closed, the pneumatic pressure strip is pressed tight. The pressure inside the chamber is detected by a pressure sensor, and the pressure decay rate is confirmed to be 80Pa / 30min, which meets the requirements.

[0064] 2. Precision application process: Operators verified the air respirator (pressure ≥25MPa, mask seal intact) through the safety monitoring terminal and collected 4944 aluminum phosphide tablets.

[0065] Based on the distribution of 32 application points, place application trays on the surface of the grain pile, with 154 trays placed at each application point (error ≤ 2 trays).

[0066] Under the supervision of two people and real-time video monitoring, the pesticide is applied according to the preset path (from the door to the depth of the warehouse, first the two sides and then the middle), and the application time is controlled within 30 minutes.

[0067] After the pesticide application was completed, the chamber door was closed and locked. An infrared leak detector was used to check the gaps in the chamber door, the vents, and other parts. No air leakage was found.

[0068] 3. Fumigation monitoring: During fumigation, the parameter acquisition module collects the concentration of phosphine in the chamber every 10 minutes. The initial concentration is 350 ppm, and it stabilizes at 420 ppm after 24 hours. This does not reach the replenishment threshold (200 ppm), so no replenishment is required.

[0069] 4. Implementation of the ventilation plan: After 7 days of fumigation, start the exhaust fan outside the warehouse to draw air under negative pressure for 1 hour, then open the windows outside the warehouse and start the valley cooler to deliver air under positive pressure at a speed of 0.5 m / s. During the ventilation process, check the concentration every 30 minutes.

[0070] 5. Residue Detection and Effectiveness Check: Four hours after fumigation, the residue detection module collected gas samples from each area. The concentrations were all ≤0.2ppm, meeting safety standards, and fumigation was stopped. A stratified sampling method was used to collect 10 grain samples (1kg each) from the surface, middle, and deep layers of the grain pile. The number of live insects was counted using insect detection equipment. The average live insect density was 0.3 insects / kg, the insecticidal rate was ≥96%, and the fumigation effect met the standards.

[0071] The following describes a method for fumigating and controlling pests in grain warehouses, along with the system's social benefits and practical value: I. Social Benefits (I) Strengthen the food security defense line and ensure stable supply Pests in stored grain are a major cause of grain loss. This invention generates personalized fumigation solutions by accurately acquiring grain silo parameters and storage data. Employing efficient methods such as circulating fumigation, it can increase the pest kill rate to over 98%, reducing grain loss caused by pests. Simultaneously, a rigorous fumigant residue testing process ensures that the treated grain meets national food safety standards. (II) Promote the green development of the grain storage industry and reduce ecological and environmental pollution. Traditional fumigation operations often rely on experience for dosage estimation, leading to overuse of fumigant. This not only increases costs but also pollutes surrounding soil, water, and air due to leaks or residues, harming the ecological environment. This invention uses intelligent algorithms to accurately calculate aluminum phosphide dosage, reducing fumigant usage by 15%-20% compared to traditional methods, thus mitigating the environmental impact of chemicals at the source. Furthermore, its use of a valley-cooled positive pressure ventilation system accelerates fumigation gas discharge, shortens dissipation time, and reduces the diffusion range of the fumigant in the atmosphere. Airtight operation further reduces the risk of leakage through strict sealing measures, minimizing environmental pollution. (III) Improve the industry's safety management level and ensure the safety of workers. In grain fumigation operations, fumigants (such as aluminum phosphide) are highly toxic, and improper operation can easily lead to poisoning accidents. Traditional operations, lacking standardized procedures and intelligent monitoring, pose a high safety risk. This invention constructs a comprehensive safety assurance system through a systematic safety design: mandatory checks on air respirators and cylinder pressure are conducted before fumigation; on-site supervisors are required to monitor the entire fumigation process; gas concentration inside the storage area is monitored in real time during fumigation; and comprehensive emergency response measures are in place. II. Use Value (i) Reduce warehousing operating costs and improve enterprise economic efficiency. For grain storage enterprises, cost control is key to enhancing competitiveness. This invention reduces operating costs for enterprises from multiple dimensions: First, precise application of fumigant reduces fumigant consumption. Taking an enterprise processing 1 million tons of grain annually as an example, based on an aluminum phosphide market price of 30 yuan / kg, this can save 45,000-60,000 yuan in fumigant costs annually. Second, intelligent solution generation replaces traditional manual process formulation, shortening the solution formulation time from 2-3 days to 1-2 hours, reducing labor costs. Third, the circulating fumigation method improves fumigation efficiency, shortening operation time by 30%-40% compared to conventional fumigation, reducing equipment operating energy consumption, and mitigating the risk of grain quality degradation due to excessively long fumigation cycles. Fourth, the system has strong repeatability and reusability; one system can be adapted to different warehouse types and grain varieties, eliminating the need for repeated equipment investment. Comprehensive calculations show that after applying this invention, the fumigation cost per ton of grain for storage enterprises can be reduced by 10%-15%, significantly improving the economic benefits of the enterprise. (ii) Simplify work processes and improve warehouse management efficiency Traditional fumigation operations are cumbersome, involving multiple steps such as parameter measurement, scheme formulation, and pesticide application, with each step relying on manual coordination, resulting in low efficiency. This invention achieves intelligent management of the entire process through an integrated system: the parameter acquisition module automatically collects data such as temperature, humidity, and grain pile height, avoiding errors and tedious manual measurement; the fumigation scheme acquisition module quickly generates standardized schemes based on big data algorithms, eliminating the need for repeated calculations by technical personnel; the display module intuitively displays the scheme process and key operational points, lowering the skill threshold for operators. Simultaneously, the system automatically records various data during the fumigation process (such as pesticide dosage, concentration changes, and operation time) and generates electronic records, facilitating warehouse management traceability and data statistical analysis for enterprises. This standardized and intelligent operation mode improves the overall efficiency of fumigation operations by more than 50%, reduces the workload of warehouse management personnel, and enables enterprises to conduct grain storage management more efficiently. (III) Adapt to diverse scenarios and enhance the universality of technology applications Grain storage scenarios are diverse, and the requirements for fumigation solutions vary greatly depending on the type of warehouse (tall flat warehouses, shallow round warehouses, vertical silos), grain variety (wheat, rice, corn, soybeans), and pest infestation status. Traditional methods are difficult to fully adapt to all situations. This invention, through flexible parameter input and intelligent algorithm models, can automatically adjust the fumigation strategy according to different scenarios: for the sealing difficulties of tall flat warehouses, it strengthens the details of airtight operation; for easily hygroscopic grains such as rice, it optimizes the dosage of fumigant and the gas dissipation time; for severely infested grains, it develops a process for enhanced reapplication. Whether it is large-scale storage in large state-owned grain depots or decentralized storage in small and medium-sized grain stations, efficient fumigation can be achieved through this system. In addition, the system's hardware is easy to install and maintain, and the software can be upgraded and iterated according to industry standards and technological developments, ensuring the long-term applicability of the technology. This strong adaptability enables this invention to be promoted and applied in various grain storage scenarios nationwide. (iv) Facilitate the digital transformation of industries and promote technological innovation. This invention deeply integrates sensor technology, algorithm models, and fumigation operations to construct a digital fumigation management system, providing a crucial entry point for the digital transformation of warehousing enterprises. The fumigation data accumulated by the system (such as the control effects on different insect species and pesticide application parameters for different scenarios) can form an industry database, providing data support for subsequent technology research and development and standard setting. Simultaneously, the technical approach of this invention can be extended to other aspects of grain storage (such as grain temperature monitoring, humidity control, and mold early warning), promoting the formation of a fully intelligent grain storage management system.

[0072] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for fumigating and killing insects in grain storage, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect basic parameters and grain storage data of the grain warehouse in real time through a sensor network, and establish a dynamic parameter monitoring database at the same time; Step 2: Based on the aforementioned parameter dynamic monitoring library, and combined with the preset insect pest-pesticide matching model and warehouse type adaptation algorithm, generate precise dosage and personalized implementation plan for fumigation pest control; the personalized implementation plan includes airtight operation, circulating fumigation method, dosage and application information, precise application process, intelligent replenishment process, efficient air dispersion scheme, quantitative inspection method for fumigation effect, and safety early warning mechanism. Step 3: Under the real-time monitoring of the safety early warning mechanism, the operator performs the fumigation operation according to the precise dosage and personalized implementation plan. Step 4: After fumigation, complete the gas dissipation according to the gas dissipation plan. Use the residual detection module to detect the residual concentration of toxic gas in the grain pile and warehouse. Once the standard is met, the safety warning will be lifted.

2. The method for fumigating and killing insects in grain storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The basic parameters of the grain warehouse include warehouse type, internal temperature, relative humidity, and warehouse airtightness level; the grain storage data includes the time of entry into the warehouse, grain variety, grain quantity, average temperature of the grain pile, height of the grain pile, shape of the grain pile, storage method, main insect species, insect-fed grade, distribution area and density of insect infestation.

3. The method for fumigating and killing insects in grain storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The airtightness operation specifically involves: sealing the manholes and ventilation openings of the chamber with double-layer membranes; closing the main door and sealed windows; and conducting a pressure test using an airtightness tester to ensure that the pressure decay rate inside the chamber meets the preset standard.

4. The method for fumigating and killing insects in grain storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precise drug application process includes: Step 1: Verify the integrity of the air respirator and the cylinder pressure using the safety monitoring terminal; Step 2: Based on insect infestation distribution data, set up differentiated pesticide application points on the surface and deep layers of the grain pile; Step 3: Under the supervision of two people and real-time video monitoring, apply the medicine into the warehouse according to the preset path; Step 4: After applying the pesticide, use an infrared leak detector to check the seal of the chamber. Once it is confirmed that there is no air leakage, close and lock the chamber door.

5. The method for fumigating and killing insects in grain storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent medication replenishment process includes: Based on the real-time data of temperature and humidity changes and toxic gas concentration in the grain pile in the dynamic monitoring of parameters, the threshold for drug supplementation is determined. When the medication threshold is reached, the system will automatically trigger a medication reminder and update the medication dosage. Perform the medication replenishment operation, and update the parameter dynamic monitoring database after the medication replenishment.

6. The method for fumigating and killing insects in grain storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The efficient ventilation scheme is as follows: first, negative pressure is drawn out by the exhaust fan outside the warehouse, then the windows outside the warehouse are opened, and positive pressure is supplied by the valley cooler. At the same time, the concentration of toxic gas inside the warehouse is monitored in real time by the sensor. When the concentration drops below the safety standard, ventilation is maintained for a preset time and then ventilation is stopped.

7. The method for fumigating and killing insects in grain storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for quantitatively checking the fumigation effect is as follows: after the gas is dispersed, grain samples are collected using stratified sampling, and the number of live insects is counted using insect detection equipment. Combined with the insect-grain grade judgment standard, the insecticidal effect is quantitatively evaluated. If the standard is not met, return to step 2 to regenerate the re-fumigation plan.

8. The method for fumigating and killing insects in grain storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The safety early warning mechanism includes: real-time monitoring of toxic gas concentration by sensors inside and outside the warehouse, triggering audible and visual alarms and remotely pushing early warning information when the concentration exceeds the standard; setting up an electronic fence to prohibit unauthorized personnel from approaching; and displaying the operation countdown and safety status in real time during the application and dispersal of chemicals.

9. A grain fumigation and pest control system for grain storage, characterized in that, include: The parameter acquisition module (101) consists of a distributed sensor network and a data acquisition terminal, and is used to collect basic parameters of grain warehouses and grain storage data in real time to establish a dynamic parameter monitoring database. The model algorithm module (102) has a built-in insect pest-pesticide matching model and warehouse type adaptation algorithm, which are used to analyze and process the data of the parameter dynamic monitoring library to generate accurate pesticide dosage and personalized implementation plan; The safety early warning module (103) is connected to the parameter acquisition module (101) and the model algorithm module (102) respectively, and is used to monitor the safety indicators in the fumigation process in real time, trigger early warning and push information; The execution control module (104) is connected to the model algorithm module (102) and the safety early warning module (103) and is used to receive the implementation plan and control the operation of the pesticide application equipment, the gas dispersing equipment and the sealing device; The residual detection module (105) is connected to the execution control module (104) and is used to detect the residual concentration of toxic gas in the grain pile and warehouse after gas dispersal; The display interaction module (106) is connected to each of the above modules and is used to display parameter data, implementation scheme, safety status and test results, and supports manual operation command input.

10. The grain fumigation and pest control system for grain storage as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The distributed sensor network includes temperature and humidity sensors, toxic gas concentration sensors, insect infestation sensors, and pressure sensors, which are deployed in different areas of the warehouse and deep within the grain pile. The execution control module (104) includes a drug application control unit, a gas dispersing control unit, and a sealing control unit; the drug application control unit is connected to the precision drug application equipment and is used to control the drug application point switch and the amount of drug used; the gas dispersing control unit is connected to the valley cooler and the exhaust fan and is used to adjust the ventilation rate; the sealing control unit is connected to the electric sealing door and the film covering and fixing device to realize automated sealing operation. The safety early warning module (103) includes an audible and visual alarm unit, an electronic fence unit, and a remote communication unit; the electronic fence unit is used to delineate a safety area, and the remote communication unit can push early warning information to the mobile terminal of the management personnel; The display interaction and storage module (106) adopts a touch screen and supports implementation scheme export, operation record query and parameter threshold setting functions; The residual detection module (105) integrates a gas sampling device and a concentration analysis instrument, which can automatically collect gas samples from different areas and display the detection results in real time. When the residual concentration meets the standard, it sends a standard-meeting signal to the execution control module (104).

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