A dry cutting and nanometer coating integrated machining device for difficult-to-machine materials

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of milling machine tools, and particularly discloses a dry cutting and nanometer coating integrated machining device for difficult-to-machine materials, which comprises a vertical driving mechanism, the vertical driving mechanism comprises a rotary motor one, a ball screw is driven by a connecting rod at the output end direction of the rotary motor one, a ball sliding block is arranged on the ball screw, a connecting plate one is connected to the ball sliding block, a servo motor is arranged on the connecting plate one, and a milling cutter is arranged on the servo motor; the integrated machining device further comprises a sintering mechanism, the sintering mechanism comprises a semiconductor laser for sintering a workpiece and a cutter; the integrated machining device further comprises a spraying mechanism, the spraying mechanism comprises a water mist sprayer one for spraying the workpiece and a water mist sprayer two for spraying the cutter. The application can sequentially complete cutting forming of the workpiece, spraying treatment of the workpiece and maintenance and repair of the milling cutter in single clamping, and the process chain is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of milling machine tool technology, and in particular to an integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, the milling process for difficult-to-machine materials such as crankshafts, camshafts, and drive shafts mostly adopts a step-by-step processing mode for cutting and shaping, coating, and maintenance and repair of milling cutters. This mode requires multiple specialized machines to complete the cutting of difficult-to-machine materials, crankshaft coating, and online repair of milling cutters separately. Each process is independent and discrete, and the parallel configuration of multiple specialized machines significantly increases equipment investment costs and workshop space occupancy costs.

[0003] For example, after a workpiece made of difficult-to-machine material is cut and shaped, if crankshaft spraying is required or maintenance and repair are needed to address wear and coating peeling issues on the milling cutter's cutting edge, switching processes and equipment is necessary. Therefore, during processing, the workpiece or milling cutter may require secondary disassembly, secondary transfer, and secondary clamping, resulting in a lengthy process chain, increased process changeover and waiting time, poor production continuity, low coordination, extended product production cycles, and further reduced overall production efficiency. This makes it difficult to meet the high-efficiency, low-cost, and intelligent processing requirements of modern manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials, in order to solve the technical problems of the prior art mentioned in the background, such as long process chains, increased process conversion and waiting time, poor production continuity, and low degree of coordination, which in turn prolong the product production cycle, reduce overall production efficiency, and make it difficult to meet the high-efficiency, low-cost, and intelligent processing needs of modern manufacturing.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials, comprising a vertical drive mechanism, wherein the vertical drive mechanism includes a rotary motor, and a ball screw is driven by a connecting rod at the output end of the rotary motor, wherein a ball slider is provided on the ball screw, a connecting plate is connected to the ball slider, a servo motor is provided on the connecting plate, and a milling cutter is provided on the servo motor; The integrated processing device also includes a sintering mechanism, which includes a semiconductor laser for sintering workpieces and cutting tools; The integrated processing device also includes a spraying mechanism, which includes a water mist nozzle one for spraying workpieces and a water mist nozzle two for spraying cutting tools.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the integrated processing device further includes a first baffle and a second baffle, with a top plate connected to the first and second baffles; a second slide rail is provided on the top plate, a second slider is provided on the second slide rail, a fixed plate is connected to the second slider, a vertical drive mechanism is provided on the fixed plate, the vertical drive mechanism further includes a rectangular plate, a bearing is provided on the rectangular plate, and a bearing is connected to the bottom of the ball screw; a sintering mechanism is also provided on the rectangular plate, the sintering mechanism further includes an inclined plate, an infrared temperature sensor is provided at one end of the inclined plate, a semiconductor laser is provided at the other end of the inclined plate, and an industrial camera is provided at the axial center of the inclined plate.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the fixed plate is further provided with a transverse drive mechanism, which includes a rotary motor three and a rack three. The fixed plate is provided with a rotary motor three, and the output end of the rotary motor three drives a gear three through a connecting rod. The baffle one and the baffle two are also connected to a rack three, and the rotary motor three drives the gear one to mesh and transmit power on the rack three.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the first baffle and the second baffle are further provided with a slotted plate, the slotted plate being provided with a second drag chain, and a fixing plate being connected to the second drag chain.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the first connecting plate is further provided with a second connecting plate, and the second connecting plate is provided with a spraying mechanism. The spraying mechanism also includes a support plate, and a dual-axis motor is provided inside the support plate. A concave plate is connected to the output end of the dual-axis motor. The concave plate is located outside the support plate, and a water mist nozzle is provided on the concave plate. One end of the water mist nozzle is provided with a second water mist nozzle. The spraying mechanism also includes a first liquid storage tank and a second liquid storage tank. The first baffle is provided with the first liquid storage tank, and a lid is provided on the top of the first liquid storage tank. One end of the first liquid storage tank is respectively... The system includes a generator and a liquid pump. A liquid storage tank is connected to the liquid pump via an inlet pipe, and the liquid pump is connected to the generator via a high-pressure pipe. The generator is connected to the water mist nozzle via an atomizing pipe. A second liquid storage tank is mounted on a second baffle plate. The top of the second liquid storage tank is covered with a second cover. One end of the second liquid storage tank is connected to the second liquid pump and the second generator. The second liquid storage tank is connected to the second liquid pump via an inlet pipe, and the second liquid pump is connected to the second generator via a high-pressure pipe. The second generator is connected to the second water mist nozzle via an atomizing pipe.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the first baffle and the second baffle are provided with a stand, the bottom of the stand is connected to a shelf, the top of the stand is provided with a side plate, one end of the side plate is provided with a slide rail and a rack, the slide rail is provided with a slider, the slider is connected to the first baffle, the other end of the side plate is provided with a slide rail and a rack, the slide rail is provided with a slider, the slider is connected to the second baffle.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the baffle 2 is provided with a longitudinal drive mechanism, which includes a rotary motor 2. The output end of the rotary motor 2 is connected to a gear 2 via a connecting rod, and the rotary motor 2 drives the gear 2 to mesh and transmit power on the rack 2.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the side plate is further provided with a slotted plate, on which a first cable chain is provided and a baffle is connected. The other end of the side plate is further provided with a slotted plate, on which a third cable chain is provided and a baffle is connected.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the top of the tripod is also provided with a worktable, the worktable is provided with a dust baffle, and the worktable is provided with a groove.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the workbench is provided with a base, on which a flange and an asynchronous motor are respectively provided. The flange is provided with a three-jaw chuck, and the output end of the asynchronous motor is connected to the three-jaw chuck via a connecting rod. The base is also connected with a housing, and the housing is provided with a cooling fan.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention can complete the cutting and shaping of the workpiece, the spraying treatment of the workpiece, and the maintenance and repair of the milling cutter in a single clamping, avoiding the problems of secondary disassembly, secondary transfer and secondary clamping of the workpiece between different equipment, which leads to a long process chain, increased process conversion and waiting time, poor production continuity, low degree of coordination, and extended product production cycle. It significantly shortens the process chain, improves production efficiency and reduces equipment costs.

[0016] 2. After the workpiece is finished, the present invention can intelligently switch to the workpiece spraying mode. The water mist nozzle adjusts the angle according to the normal of the workpiece surface and sprays a nano suspension containing wear-resistant material. The suspension is then sintered with the assistance of a semiconductor laser. By utilizing the residual heat of the workpiece and the laser energy, a functional nano coating that is wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and friction-reducing is formed on the surface of the workpiece. This reduces the laser power requirement and the thermal stress caused by rapid heating and cooling of the workpiece, thereby improving the surface performance of workpieces made of difficult-to-machine materials.

[0017] 3. When the wear of the milling cutter is detected to reach a preset threshold, the present invention can intelligently switch to the tool maintenance mode. The dual-axis motor drives the water mist nozzle two to accurately point to the wear area of ​​the tool, spraying a nano suspension containing lubricating material, and then sintering it with the assistance of a semiconductor laser to realize online, fixed-point, and in-situ repair of the tool. The tool performance is restored with trace materials, the effective service life of the tool is extended, and the number of tool replacements and tool costs are reduced.

[0018] 4. This invention acquires high-definition images of the tool wear area or workpiece surface morphology in real time, measures the temperature of the target area, performs fusion analysis of visual and temperature data, intelligently judges the processing status and triggers the corresponding tool maintenance mode or workpiece spraying mode, and dynamically adjusts the power according to temperature feedback to ensure sintering of nanoparticles, forming a high-quality coating, and realizing intelligent closed-loop control.

[0019] 5. The spraying mechanism of this invention is equipped with independent liquid storage tank 1 and liquid storage tank 2, which store nano-spraying materials of different compositions respectively, so as to realize independent operation of workpiece spraying and tool repair, intermittent spraying, and no interference between them. With the scanning heating sintering of semiconductor laser, the power is dynamically adjusted according to temperature feedback to ensure the sintering of nanoparticles, so that the nanoparticles form a strong metallurgical bond or high-strength adhesion with the substrate, forming a high-quality coating, which significantly improves the adhesion, density and service life of the coating.

[0020] 6. This invention utilizes the three-axis linkage of the longitudinal drive mechanism, the transverse drive mechanism and the vertical drive mechanism to achieve precise positioning of the processing head in space. At the same time, the dual-axis motor drives the concave plate to rotate, allowing the water mist nozzle one and water mist nozzle two to flexibly adjust their angles to adapt to the spraying needs of complex curved surfaces of workpieces and different parts of the cutting tool. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings: The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative to aid in understanding the invention and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components. Those skilled in the art, guided by the teachings of this invention, can select various possible shapes and proportions to implement the invention according to specific circumstances.

[0022] Figure 1This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an integrated dry cutting and nano-coating machining device for difficult-to-machine materials proposed in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an integrated dry cutting and nano-coating machining device for difficult-to-machine materials proposed in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an integrated dry cutting and nano-coating machining device for difficult-to-machine materials proposed in this invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an integrated dry cutting and nano-coating machining device for difficult-to-machine materials proposed in this invention. Figure 4 ; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of node A in the diagram; Figure 6 for Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram of node B in the diagram; Figure 7 This is a left view of an integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials proposed in this invention. Figure 8 This is a right view of an integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials proposed in this invention.

[0023] Figure label: 1. Leg; 2. Shelf; 3. Workbench; 4. Groove; 5. Side plate; 6. Slide rail one; 7. Rack one; 8. Slider one; 9. Baffle one; 10. Dust baffle; 11. Generator one; 12. Liquid pump one; 13. Slotted plate one; 14. First cable chain; 15. Liquid storage tank one; 16. Tank cover one; 17. Top plate; 18. Slide rail two; 19. Baffle two; 20. Slider two; 21. Fixing plate; 22. Rectangular plate; 23. Rotary motor one; 24. Bearing; 25. Ball screw; 26. Ball slider; 27. Connecting plate one; 28. Servo motor; 29. ​​Milling cutter; 30. Connecting plate two; 31. Support plate; 32. Dual-axis motor; 3 3. Concave plate; 34. Water mist nozzle one; 35. Water mist nozzle two; 36. Inclined plate; 37. Infrared temperature sensor; 38. Industrial camera; 39. Semiconductor laser; 40. Slotted plate two; 41. Second cable chain; 42. Liquid storage tank two; 43. Tank cover two; 44. Liquid pump two; 45. Generator two; 46. Rotary motor two; 47. Slide rail three; 48. Slider three; 49. Rack two; 50. Slotted plate three; 51. Third cable chain; 52. Gear one; 53. Rack three; 54. Gear two; 55. Base; 56. Flange; 57. Three-jaw chuck; 58. Asynchronous motor; 59. Housing; 60. Cooling fan; 61. Rotary motor three. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "long," "short," "inner," "outer," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that when a component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component present simultaneously. When a component is considered to be "set" on another component, it can be directly set on the other component or there may be an intermediate component present simultaneously. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "installed," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, these embodiments do not limit the present invention, and any structural, methodological, or functional modifications made by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See Figure 1-8 This embodiment provides an integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials, including a vertical drive mechanism. The vertical drive mechanism includes a rotary motor 23. The output end of the rotary motor 23 drives a ball screw 25 through a connecting rod. The ball screw 25 is provided with a ball slider 26. The ball slider 26 is connected to a connecting plate 27. The connecting plate 27 is provided with a servo motor 28. The servo motor 28 is provided with a milling cutter 29. It also includes a sintering mechanism, which includes a semiconductor laser 39 for sintering workpieces and cutting tools; It also includes a spraying mechanism, which includes a water mist nozzle 34 for spraying workpieces and a water mist nozzle 35 for spraying cutting tools.

[0029] In this embodiment, it also includes a first baffle 9 and a second baffle 19. A top plate 17 is connected to the first baffle 9 and the second baffle 19. A second slide rail 18 is provided on the top plate 17. A second slider 20 is provided on the slide rail 18. A fixed plate 21 is connected to the second slider 20. A vertical drive mechanism is provided on the fixed plate 21. The vertical drive mechanism also includes a rectangular plate 22. A bearing 24 is provided on the rectangular plate 22. The bottom of the ball screw 25 is connected to the bearing 24. A sintering mechanism is also provided on the rectangular plate 22. The sintering mechanism also includes an inclined plate 36. An infrared temperature sensor 37 is provided at one end of the inclined plate 36. A semiconductor laser 39 is provided at the other end of the inclined plate 36. An industrial camera 38 is provided at the axial position of the inclined plate 36.

[0030] See Figure 3The fixed plate 21 is also provided with a transverse drive mechanism, which includes a rotary motor 61 and a rack 53. The fixed plate 21 is provided with a rotary motor 61, and the output end of the rotary motor 61 drives a gear 52 through a connecting rod. The rack 53 is also connected to the baffle 9 and the baffle 19. The rotary motor 61 drives the gear 52 to mesh and transmit power on the rack 53.

[0031] See Figure 3 The baffle 1 9 and the baffle 2 19 are also provided with a slotted plate 2 40, and a second drag chain 41 is provided on the slotted plate 2 40. A fixing plate 21 is connected to the second drag chain 41.

[0032] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The connecting plate 27 is further provided with a connecting plate 30, which is equipped with a spraying mechanism. The spraying mechanism also includes a support plate 31, inside which is a dual-axis motor 32. The output end of the dual-axis motor 32 is connected to a concave plate 33, which is located outside the support plate 31. The concave plate 33 is equipped with a water mist nozzle 34, and one end of the water mist nozzle 34 is equipped with a water mist nozzle 35. The spraying mechanism also includes a liquid storage tank 15 and a liquid storage tank 42. The baffle 9 is equipped with a liquid storage tank 15, and the top of the liquid storage tank 15 is equipped with a cover 16. One end of the liquid storage tank 15 is equipped with a generator 11 and a liquid pump 12. The liquid storage tank 15 is connected to the liquid pump 12 through an inlet pipe, and the liquid pump 12 is connected to the generator 11 through a high-pressure pipe. The generator 11 is connected to the water mist nozzle 34 through an atomizing pipe. The baffle 219 is equipped with a liquid storage tank 242, and the top of the liquid storage tank 242 is equipped with a tank cover 243. One end of the liquid storage tank 242 is equipped with a liquid pump 244 and a generator 245. The liquid storage tank 242 is connected to the liquid pump 244 through an inlet pipe (not visible). The liquid pump 244 is connected to the generator 245 through a high-pressure pipe (not visible). The generator 245 is connected to the water mist nozzle 235 through an atomizing pipe (not visible).

[0033] Among them, Generator 11 and Generator 245 include, but are not limited to, ultrasonic generators and ultrasonic atomizers.

[0034] Specifically, the spraying mechanism includes a first liquid storage tank 15 and a second liquid storage tank 42, which are respectively mounted on baffles 19 and 19, for storing nano-spraying materials of different compositions. The top of the first liquid storage tank 15 is equipped with a cover 16 for adding spraying materials; the bottom or side of the first liquid storage tank 15 is connected to a liquid pump 12 and a generator 11. Specifically, the first liquid storage tank 15 is connected to the input end of the liquid pump 12 via an inlet pipe, the output end of the liquid pump 12 is connected to the input end of the generator 11 via a high-pressure pipe, and the output end of the generator 11 is connected to a water mist nozzle 34 via an atomizing pipe. The top of the second liquid storage tank 42 is equipped with a cover 43 for adding spraying materials; the bottom or side of the second liquid storage tank 42 is connected to a liquid pump 44 and a generator 45. Liquid storage tank 2 42 is connected to the input end of liquid pump 2 44 via an inlet pipe. The output end of liquid pump 2 44 is connected to the input end of generator 2 45 via a high-pressure pipe. The output end of generator 2 45 is connected to water mist nozzle 2 35 via an atomizing pipe. It should be noted that liquid storage tank 1 15 and liquid storage tank 2 42 are set independently, corresponding to water mist nozzle 1 34 and water mist nozzle 2 35 respectively. They adopt an intermittent spraying mode and do not interfere with each other. They can store nano-coating materials of different compositions (such as nano-suspension of wear-resistant coating materials for spraying on the workpiece and lubricating fluid for lubricating coating materials for tool repair) according to processing needs.

[0035] Specifically, the dual-axis motor 32 drives the concave plate 33 to rotate at an angle of 0-90°, thereby causing the water mist nozzle 1 34 and water mist nozzle 2 35 to tilt and spray. For example, spraying can be performed by rotating 35°. Water mist nozzle 1 34 is used to spray workpieces made of special, difficult-to-machine materials. Water mist nozzle 2 35 is used to spray the milling cutter 29. Water mist nozzles 1 34 and 2 35 adjust their spraying angles based on data transmitted from the industrial camera 38.

[0036] For example, when the external control system issues a spraying command, liquid pump 12 starts and draws nano-suspension from storage tank 15. After pressurizing the liquid, liquid pump 12 delivers it to generator 11 through a high-pressure pipe. (Such as an ultrasonic atomizer) converts high-pressure liquid into uniform droplets at the micron level. The atomized nano-droplets reach the water mist nozzle 34 through the atomizing tube, forming a directional mist beam at the nozzle outlet. This beam is then sprayed onto the surface of a workpiece made of special, difficult-to-machine material. After the spraying mechanism sprays the nano-droplets onto the surface of the workpiece, the semiconductor laser 39 of the sintering mechanism precisely heats and sinters the sprayed area based on real-time feedback from the infrared temperature sensor 37. This ensures that the nanoparticles and the substrate of the workpiece are firmly bonded, significantly improving the coating quality and service life.

[0037] In this embodiment, the machine tool is equipped with an external control system. This external control system coordinates the collaborative work of various actuators and detection elements, including asynchronous motor 58, rotary motor 23, servo motor 28, rotary motor 61, rotary motor 46, dual-axis motor 32, liquid pump 12, liquid pump 44, generator 11, generator 45, semiconductor laser 39, industrial camera 38, and infrared temperature sensor 37, according to a preset machining program. It should be noted that the external control system employs conventional industrial control technologies (such as PLCs, industrial PCs, and embedded systems). Those skilled in the art can implement the above control functions based on the functions and control logic of the components described in this embodiment, combined with common knowledge in the field, without requiring any creative effort.

[0038] Specifically, according to the preset processing program of the external control system, the longitudinal drive mechanism is activated. The rotary motor 46 drives the gear 54 through the connecting rod to mesh on the rack 49, causing the baffle 19 to move longitudinally along the slide rail 47 via the slider 48. Simultaneously, the baffle 9 moves longitudinally in sync with the slider 8 and the slide rail 6, enabling the entire gantry to move precisely along the longitudinal direction of the worktable 3 to the starting position of the processing, laying the foundation for subsequent processing positioning. The third drag chain 51 on the slotted plate 50 and the first drag chain 14 on the slotted plate 13 are responsible for organizing and protecting the moving cables and pipes. According to the preset processing program of the external control system, the transverse drive mechanism is activated. The rotary motor 61 on the fixed plate 21 is activated, driving the gear 52 to mesh on the rack 53, causing the entire fixed plate 21 and the rectangular plate 22 connected to it to move laterally along the slide rail 18 (through the slider 20), realizing the horizontal feed of the processing and adapting to the position requirements of different processing areas of the workpiece. According to the preset machining program of the external control system, the vertical drive mechanism is activated, and the rotary motor 23 starts, driving the ball screw 25 to rotate via the connecting rod. The ball slider 26 on the ball screw 25 converts the rotational motion into linear motion, and the bearing 24 provides rotational support to the bottom end of the ball screw 25. This drives the connecting plate 27 and the servo motor 28, milling cutter 29, and spraying mechanism to rise and fall synchronously in the vertical direction, precisely adjusting the vertical distance between the workpiece and the tool during machining to meet the different height requirements of cutting, spraying, and sintering. The spatial positioning of the milling cutter 29, the spraying mechanism, and the sintering mechanism is achieved through the coordinated operation of the horizontal and vertical drive mechanisms, precisely controlling the horizontal and vertical displacement of the machining head, and coordinating with the longitudinal movement of the gantry to achieve three-axis linkage positioning. After positioning is completed, the servo motor 28 is started, driving the milling cutter 29 to rotate at high speed. Under the control of the external control system, the longitudinal drive mechanism, the transverse drive mechanism, and the vertical drive mechanism work together to achieve the linkage feed of the milling cutter 29 in the transverse, longitudinal, and vertical directions, performing dry cutting on the difficult-to-machine material workpiece on the three-jaw chuck 57. During the machining process, the dust baffle 10 effectively blocks the splashing of chips, preventing chips from affecting the machining accuracy or damaging the device components. The groove 4 on the worktable 3 collects a small amount of debris, facilitating subsequent cleaning.

[0039] During dry milling or in between operations, the sintering mechanism (slant plate 36, infrared temperature sensor 37, industrial camera 38, semiconductor laser 39) starts operating. The rotary motor 23 micro-adjusts the height, aligning the infrared temperature sensor 37, industrial camera 38, and semiconductor laser 39 on the slant plate 36 with the target area (the cutting edge of the milling cutter 29 or the machined surface of the workpiece) to complete intelligent monitoring and mode determination. The industrial camera 38 acquires high-definition images of the milling cutter 29 cutting edge or the machined surface of the workpiece in real time. Image processing algorithms identify the width of the wear band on the flank face of the milling cutter 29, the area of ​​coating peeling, or the surface morphology of the workpiece, obtaining accurate monitoring data. The infrared temperature sensor 37 non-contactly measures the real-time temperature of the target area, providing data support for subsequent adjustments to the process parameters of spraying and laser sintering. The external control system integrates and analyzes visual monitoring data and temperature data to determine the processing status: if the wear of the milling cutter 29 reaches the preset threshold, the "tool maintenance mode" is triggered to repair the tool with a nano-coating; if the workpiece has been finished, the "workpiece spraying mode" is triggered to spray a nano-coating onto the workpiece surface.

[0040] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the infrared temperature sensor 37 not only monitors the surface temperature of the coating, but also establishes a transient temperature field using an external control system. When a localized overheating is detected (meaning that the substrate may suffer thermal damage or phase change), the external control system dynamically reduces the power output of the semiconductor laser 39 to ensure that the metallographic structure of the underlying substrate does not deteriorate during the sintering of the nano-coating. This refined thermal management, addressing the heat-sensitive characteristics of difficult-to-process materials, reduces the likelihood of workpiece cracking or performance degradation due to uncontrolled heat input.

[0041] Furthermore, the spraying mechanism (water mist nozzle 1 34, water mist nozzle 2 35, dual-axis motor 32, support plate 31, concave plate 33, liquid storage tank 1 15, liquid storage tank 2 42, etc.) works in conjunction with the sintering mechanism. Based on the above mode judgment results, it completes tool repair or workpiece spraying respectively. The two modes operate independently and spray at intervals without interfering with each other. The external control system sends a command to the dual-axis motor 32 on the connecting plate 2 30 based on the coordinates of the wear area of ​​the milling cutter 29 transmitted by the industrial camera 38. The dual-axis motor 32 drives the concave plate 33 (located outside the support plate 31) to rotate precisely to a preset angle (such as 35°), which drives the water mist nozzle 2 35 to accurately align with the wear area of ​​the milling cutter 29, ensuring spraying accuracy. The reservoir 42 on the baffle 219 stores a nano-suspension (such as a solution containing WS2 lubricating material) for tool repair. The lid 43 on top of the reservoir 42 facilitates replenishment of the nano-suspension. The liquid pump 44 and generator 45 provide power and technical support for atomized spraying. The liquid pump 44 is activated to draw the nano-suspension from the reservoir 42, pressurize it, and deliver it to the generator 45 through a high-pressure pipe. The generator 45 uses ultrasonic atomization technology to convert the nano-suspension into micron-sized droplets, which are then delivered to the water mist nozzle 35 through an atomization pipe and precisely sprayed onto the worn area of ​​the milling cutter 29, forming a uniform nano-coating precursor. Simultaneously or immediately after spraying, the semiconductor laser 39 emits a laser beam, irradiating the nano-coating sprayed area of ​​the tool. Infrared temperature sensor 37 monitors the temperature of the area in real time and feeds the data back to the external control system. The external control system dynamically adjusts the power of semiconductor laser 39 to ensure that the nanoparticles are sintered or clad and form a firm bond with the substrate of milling cutter 29, thereby completing the in-situ repair of the tool and restoring the tool's cutting performance.

[0042] Specifically, the tool maintenance mode includes: An external control system sends commands to a dual-axis motor 32 on a connecting plate 30 based on the wear area coordinates provided by an industrial camera 38. The dual-axis motor 32 drives a concave plate 33 to rotate precisely to a preset angle (e.g., 35°), causing the water mist nozzle 35 to point towards the wear area of ​​the milling cutter 29. A reservoir 42 stores a nano-suspension (e.g., a solution containing WS2 lubricating material) for tool repair (for in-situ recoating and strengthening repair of wear, chipping, and coating peeling on the cutting edge of milling cutters). A liquid pump 44 draws liquid from the reservoir 42, pressurizes it, and delivers it to a generator 45. The generator 45 (ultrasonic atomization) converts the liquid into micron-sized droplets, which are then delivered through an atomizing tube to the water mist nozzle 35 and precisely sprayed onto the tool wear area. Simultaneously or immediately after spraying, a semiconductor laser 39 emits a laser beam, irradiating the tool area that has just been sprayed with the nano-coating. Infrared temperature sensor 37 monitors the temperature of the area in real time and feeds it back to the external control system, which dynamically adjusts the power of semiconductor laser 39 to ensure that the nanoparticles are sintered or clad and form a firm bond with the tool substrate, thus completing the in-situ repair.

[0043] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the milling cutter 29, the spraying mechanism, and the sintering mechanism are integrated into a highly compact composite machining head using a hierarchical connection structure of the rectangular plate 22, connecting plate 27, and connecting plate 30. The repair operation in this embodiment is completed under the premise that the clamping state, spindle posture, and workpiece coordinates remain unchanged. The coordinates of the wear area acquired by the industrial camera 38 are directly mapped to the machine tool coordinate system (MCS), enabling the water mist nozzle 35 and the semiconductor laser 39 to be aligned with the wear area with micron-level precision.

[0044] Furthermore, the external control system instructs the dual-axis motor 32 to drive the concave plate 33 to rotate, adjusting it to a suitable angle (vertical or tilted) according to the normal of the workpiece surface curvature, so that the water mist nozzle 34 is aligned with the machined surface of the workpiece (such as the crankshaft journal), adapting to the spraying requirements of different parts of the workpiece. The liquid storage tank 15 on the baffle 9 stores the nano suspension (such as a solution containing wear-resistant materials such as cBN and Al2O3) for spraying on the workpiece surface. The lid 16 on the top of the liquid storage tank 15 facilitates the replenishment of the solution. The liquid pump 12 and the generator 11 work together to complete the atomization spraying operation. The liquid pump 12 is started to draw the nano suspension from the liquid storage tank 15, pressurize it, and deliver it to the generator 11 through a high-pressure pipe. After being atomized by the generator 11, it is delivered to the water mist nozzle 34 through the atomization pipe, and uniformly sprayed onto the machined surface of the workpiece to form a nano coating precursor. The semiconductor laser 39 is activated to perform scanning heating and sintering on the sprayed area of ​​the workpiece surface. It makes full use of the residual heat from workpiece processing and laser energy to make the nanoparticles densely bonded, forming a wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and friction-reducing functional nano-coating, thereby improving the surface performance and service life of difficult-to-machine material workpieces.

[0045] Specifically, the workpiece spraying mode includes: the control system instructs the dual-axis motor 32 to drive the concave plate 33 to rotate to a specific angle that is vertical or adjusted according to the normal of the workpiece surface, so that the water mist nozzle 34 is aligned with the processed workpiece surface (such as a crankshaft journal). The liquid tank 15 stores a nano-suspension (such as a solution containing wear-resistant materials such as cBN and Al2O3) for spraying on the workpiece surface. The liquid pump 12 draws liquid from the liquid tank 15, pressurizes it, and delivers it to the generator 11 for atomization, and finally sprays it evenly onto the workpiece surface by the water mist nozzle 34. The semiconductor laser 39 operates again to perform scanning heating and sintering on the sprayed area, using the residual heat of the workpiece and the laser energy to form a dense, highly adhesive functional nano-coating (wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, friction-reducing, etc.).

[0046] It should be noted that in the workpiece spraying mode, this embodiment utilizes the residual heat of the workpiece after machining. Traditional laser cladding or sintering often requires reheating the workpiece from a cold state, resulting in high energy consumption and a large heat-affected zone. This embodiment utilizes process timing optimization to start the spraying and sintering process immediately after finishing. At this time, the workpiece surface still retains the temperature rise field formed by the cutting heat, and the semiconductor laser 39 only needs to provide relatively low supplementary energy to raise the sintering temperature of the nano-coating to the required threshold. The "cutting heat-laser energy" composite heating mechanism is a product of the deep integration of cutting and coating processes, reducing the power requirement of the laser and reducing the thermal stress caused by rapid heating and cooling of the workpiece.

[0047] The water mist nozzle 34 and water mist nozzle 35 employ an intermittent spraying mode, while the liquid storage tanks 15 and 42 are independently supplied and controlled, storing nano-suspensions of different compositions to meet the different functional requirements of workpiece spraying and tool repair, avoiding mutual interference. After completing one spraying / sintering operation, the device switches back to dry milling mode under the scheduling of the external control system to continue subsequent cutting operations. After processing is completed, the power to each mechanism is turned off, the processed workpiece is removed, and debris on the worktable 3 is cleaned, completing the entire processing flow.

[0048] It should be noted that, for the two drastically different nanomaterial requirements in the processing of difficult-to-machine materials—the "tool maintenance mode" and the "workpiece coating mode"—this embodiment designs an independent dual-path delivery and spraying system. This is to meet the stringent process requirements of preventing cross-contamination. If a single nozzle is used to switch between different slurries, the residual WS2 lubricating material (used for the tool) in the pipeline will inevitably contaminate the subsequent Al2O3 wear-resistant coating applied to the workpiece, leading to a decline in workpiece surface properties or even scrapping.

[0049] See Figure 2 and Figure 4 The bottom of baffle 1 9 and baffle 2 19 are provided with a foot 1, and the bottom of the foot 1 is connected to a shelf 2. The top of the foot 1 is provided with a side plate 5. One end of the side plate 5 is provided with a slide rail 1 6 and a rack 1 7. A slider 1 8 is provided on the slide rail 1 6. A baffle 1 9 is connected to the slider 1 8. The other end of the side plate 5 is provided with a slide rail 3 47 and a rack 2 49. A slider 3 48 is provided on the slide rail 3 47. A baffle 2 19 is connected to the slider 3 48.

[0050] It should be noted that when a set of rotary motors 46 drives gear 54 via a connecting rod to mesh on rack 49, causing baffle 19 to move longitudinally along slide rail 47 via slider 48, and the driving force to move the gantry frame along the worktable 3 precisely to the processing starting position is insufficient, a set of motors needs to be installed simultaneously on baffle 9. These motors drive gears via a connecting rod to mesh on rack 7, cooperating with rotary motors 46 to perform synchronous transmission. The installation method and working principle of this motor are the same as those of rotary motor 46, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0051] In this embodiment, the machine tool's bottom is supported by a support structure built on legs 1. A shelf 2 at the bottom of legs 1 is used to place auxiliary accessories and maintenance tools. The top worktable 3 provides a platform for workpiece processing. A dust baffle 10 on the worktable 3 prevents chips from splashing during cutting, and a groove 4 collects small amounts of debris, ensuring a clean processing environment. A base 55 on the worktable 3 provides a mounting foundation for workpiece clamping. A flange 56 on the base 55 ensures the connection accuracy of the three-jaw chuck 57. An asynchronous motor 58 drives the three-jaw chuck 57 via a connecting rod. A cooling fan 60 inside the housing 59 provides real-time cooling for the asynchronous motor 58, preventing overheating and damage during prolonged operation. Baffle 1 9 and Baffle 2 19 slide on slide rail 1 6 and slide rail 3 47 respectively via slider 1 8 and slider 3 48, forming the main body of the machine tool's gantry. A top plate 17 connects Baffle 1 9 and Baffle 2 19, forming a stable top support structure. The slotted plates 13 and 50 on side plate 5 are respectively equipped with the first cable chain 14 and the third cable chain 51, which are used to organize and protect cables and pipes during the movement of the gantry crane, such as the cable of the rotary motor 46. The second cable chain 41 on slotted plate 40 is responsible for organizing the cables of the fixed plate 21 and the rotary motor 23 during movement, preventing pipe entanglement and wear, and ensuring stable power and signal transmission of each mechanism.

[0052] See Figure 2 and Figure 4 The baffle 2 19 is provided with a longitudinal drive mechanism, which includes a rotary motor 2 46. The output end of the rotary motor 2 46 is connected to a gear 2 54 via a connecting rod. The rotary motor 2 46 drives the gear 2 54 to mesh and transmit power on the rack 2 49.

[0053] See Figure 3 One end of the side plate 5 is also provided with a slotted plate 13, on which a first drag chain 14 is provided, and a baffle 9 is connected to the first drag chain 14. The other end of the side plate 5 is also provided with a slotted plate 3 50, on which a third drag chain 51 is provided, and a baffle 2 19 is connected to the third drag chain 51.

[0054] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The top of the stand 1 is also provided with a workbench 3, a dust baffle 10 is provided on the workbench 3, and a groove 4 is provided on the workbench 3.

[0055] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The workbench 3 is equipped with a base 55, on which a flange 56 and an asynchronous motor 58 are respectively mounted. A three-jaw chuck 57 is mounted on the flange 56. The output end of the asynchronous motor 58 is connected to the three-jaw chuck 57 via a connecting rod. A housing 59 is also connected to the base 55, and a cooling fan 60 is mounted on the housing 59.

[0056] In this embodiment, the operator places a workpiece made of a special, difficult-to-machine material (including but not limited to high-temperature alloy crankshafts) into the three-jaw chuck 57 of the worktable 3. The three-jaw chuck 57 itself has a gear / screw mechanism. By inserting a wrench into the wrench hole on the side of the three-jaw chuck 57 and rotating it, the bevel gear or coil screw inside the three-jaw chuck 57 is driven, causing the three jaws to move synchronously towards the center, clamping the workpiece. After clamping, the asynchronous motor 58 starts and drives the connecting rod to rotate, causing the entire three-jaw chuck 57 (with the clamped workpiece) to rotate together, realizing the rotational motion required for cutting. The cooling fan 60 continuously operates to provide heat dissipation for the asynchronous motor 58, preventing the motor from overheating and affecting operational stability. It should be noted that the clamping function of the three-jaw chuck 57 for the workpiece and the rotation of the three-jaw chuck 57 by the asynchronous motor 58 to achieve the rotational motion required for cutting are both conventional technical means in the art. Those skilled in the art can achieve the above functions based on the description of this embodiment and common knowledge in the field, without any creative effort.

[0057] It should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0058] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials, characterized in that, The system includes a vertical drive mechanism, which includes a rotary motor (23). The output end of the rotary motor (23) drives a ball screw (25) via a connecting rod. The ball screw (25) is provided with a ball slider (26). A connecting plate (27) is connected to the ball slider (26). A servo motor (28) is provided on the connecting plate (27). A milling cutter (29) is provided on the servo motor (28). It also includes a sintering mechanism, which includes a semiconductor laser (39) for sintering workpieces and cutting tools. It also includes a spraying mechanism, which includes a water mist nozzle one (34) for spraying workpieces and a water mist nozzle two (35) for spraying cutting tools.

2. The integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first baffle (9) and a second baffle (19), on which a top plate (17) is connected; The top plate (17) is provided with a slide rail two (18), the slide rail two (18) is provided with a slider two (20), the slider two (20) is connected to a fixed plate (21), the fixed plate (21) is provided with a vertical drive mechanism, the vertical drive mechanism also includes a rectangular plate (22), the rectangular plate (22) is provided with a bearing (24), and the bottom of the ball screw (25) is connected to the bearing (24). The rectangular plate (22) is also provided with a sintering mechanism, which also includes an inclined plate (36). One end of the inclined plate (36) is provided with an infrared temperature sensor (37), and the other end of the inclined plate (36) is provided with a semiconductor laser (39). An industrial camera (38) is provided at the axial position of the inclined plate (36).

3. The integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fixed plate (21) is also provided with a transverse drive mechanism, which includes a rotary motor three (61) and a rack three (53). The fixed plate (21) is provided with a rotary motor three (61), and the output end of the rotary motor three (61) drives a gear one (52) through a connecting rod. The first baffle (9) and the second baffle (19) are also connected to the third rack (53), and the third rotary motor (61) drives the first gear (52) to mesh and transmit power on the third rack (53).

4. The integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first baffle (9) and the second baffle (19) are also provided with a slotted plate (40), and the second slotted plate (40) is provided with a second drag chain (41), and a fixing plate (21) is connected to the second drag chain (41).

5. The integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting plate one (27) is also provided with a connecting plate two (30), the connecting plate two (30) is provided with a spraying mechanism, the spraying mechanism also includes a support plate (31), the support plate (31) is provided with a dual-axis motor (32) inside, the output end of the dual-axis motor (32) is connected to a concave plate (33), the concave plate (33) is located outside the support plate (31), the concave plate (33) is provided with a water mist nozzle one (34), and one end of the water mist nozzle one (34) is provided with a water mist nozzle two (35); The spraying mechanism also includes a liquid storage tank 1 (15) and a liquid storage tank 2 (42). The liquid storage tank 1 (15) is provided on the baffle 1 (9). The top of the liquid storage tank 1 (15) is provided with a cover 1 (16). One end of the liquid storage tank 1 (15) is provided with a generator 1 (11) and a liquid pump 1 (12). The liquid storage tank 1 (15) is connected to the liquid pump 1 (12) through a liquid inlet pipe. The liquid pump 1 (12) is connected to the generator 1 (11) through a high-pressure pipe. The generator 1 (11) is connected to the water mist nozzle 1 (34) through an atomizing pipe. The baffle 2 (19) is provided with a liquid storage tank 2 (42), the top of the liquid storage tank 2 (42) is provided with a tank cover 2 (43), one end of the liquid storage tank 2 (42) is provided with a liquid pump 2 (44) and a generator 2 (45), the liquid storage tank 2 (42) is connected to the liquid pump 2 (44) through a liquid inlet pipe, the liquid pump 2 (44) is connected to the generator 2 (45) through a high pressure pipe, and the generator 2 (45) is connected to the water mist nozzle 2 (35) through an atomizing pipe.

6. The integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the first baffle (9) and the second baffle (19) are provided with a stand (1), the bottom of the stand (1) is connected to a shelf (2), the top of the stand (1) is provided with a side plate (5), one end of the side plate (5) is provided with a slide rail (6) and a rack (7), the slide rail (6) is provided with a slider (8), the slider (8) is connected to the first baffle (9), the other end of the side plate (5) is provided with a slide rail (47) and a rack (49), the slide rail (47) is provided with a slider (48), the slider (48) is connected to the second baffle (19).

7. The integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing apparatus for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 6, characterized in that, The baffle 2 (19) is provided with a longitudinal drive mechanism, which includes a rotary motor 2 (46). The output end of the rotary motor 2 (46) is connected to a gear 2 (54) via a connecting rod. The rotary motor 2 (46) drives the gear 2 (54) to mesh and transmit power on the rack 2 (49).

8. The integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 6, characterized in that, One end of the side plate (5) is also provided with a slotted plate (13), a first drag chain (14) is provided on the slotted plate (13), a baffle (9) is connected to the first drag chain (14), and the other end of the side plate (5) is also provided with a slotted plate (50), a third drag chain (51) is provided on the slotted plate (50), and a baffle (19) is connected to the third drag chain (51).

9. The integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing device for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the stand (1) is also provided with a workbench (3), the workbench (3) is provided with a dust baffle (10), and the workbench (3) is provided with a groove (4).

10. The integrated dry cutting and nano-coating processing apparatus for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 9, characterized in that, The workbench (3) is provided with a base (55), on which a flange (56) and an asynchronous motor (58) are respectively provided. A three-jaw chuck (57) is provided on the flange (56). The output end of the asynchronous motor (58) is connected to the three-jaw chuck (57) via a connecting rod. A housing (59) is also connected to the base (55), and a cooling fan (60) is provided on the housing (59).

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