Photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and discloses a device for photocatalytic degradation of organic wastewater, which comprises a linkage pretreatment cavity, a photocatalytic reaction cavity and a post-treatment cavity which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction; a rotating purification disc, a pH adjusting part and a DO adjusting part are arranged in the pretreatment cavity, the water outlet of the pretreatment cavity is connected with the water inlet of the photocatalytic reaction cavity through a pipeline, and the photocatalytic reaction is provided with stable water quality basis with low suspended matter content, suitable pH and sufficient dissolved oxygen; the acid liquid nozzle and the alkali liquid nozzle are driven by a reciprocating rotating mechanism to realize full-section spraying of the medicament, the pH value of the wastewater is quickly adjusted, local pH violent fluctuation and uneven reaction caused by traditional fixed spraying are avoided, the uniformity and controllability of the wastewater pre-adjustment are obviously improved, and the requirement of the subsequent photocatalytic reaction on the stable water inlet pH window is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically to a photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of water treatment, photocatalytic oxidation technology, with its strong oxidizing power, non-selective degradation characteristics, and advantages of operating at ambient temperature and pressure, has become an important means for the deep removal of recalcitrant organic pollutants. Traditional photocatalytic devices mostly adopt a static reactor structure, which... Semiconductor catalysts are introduced into the reaction system in the form of coating, supporting, or suspension. Under ultraviolet or visible light irradiation, electron-hole pairs are excited to generate electrons and holes, thereby producing... It contains active species that enable the mineralization and decomposition of micro-pollutants such as dyes, antibiotics, and endocrine disruptors.

[0003] However, in practical engineering applications, this technology has long been limited by several inherent bottlenecks: First, wastewater quality fluctuates greatly, especially pH, which significantly affects the surface charge state of the catalyst and the adsorption behavior of pollutants—acidic conditions easily lead to catalyst aggregation and deactivation, while alkaline environments weaken the ·OH generation efficiency. Existing pretreatment methods mostly rely on static dosing tanks and fixed spray heads, with the reagents injected only along local paths, resulting in delayed pH adjustment, uneven mixing, and localized over-acidity or over-alkalinity, making it difficult to form a stable influent pH window suitable for photocatalytic reactions (usually needing to be maintained at 5.0–7.5). Second, dissolved oxygen, as an electron acceptor, directly determines the quenching efficiency of photogenerated electrons and the yield of reactive oxygen species. However, traditional aeration methods mostly use bottom perforated pipes or microporous disc aerators, resulting in short bubble rising paths, insufficient residence time, and uneven distribution, causing… The reaction zone has a large DO gradient, and local hypoxia inhibits the catalytic cycle. Third, although suspended catalysts have excellent mass transfer performance, they face difficulties in separation and recovery. Conventional precipitation or membrane filtration is prone to membrane fouling or catalyst loss, while electromagnetic separation, if not matched with flow field control, is prone to trapping blind zones and resuspension losses. Fourth, the surface of the recovered catalyst is prone to adsorbing intermediate products, metal ions or natural organic matter, forming a passivation layer, which leads to continuous activity decay. However, existing regeneration methods mostly rely on offline acid washing / calcination, which is cumbersome, energy-intensive, and time-consuming, and cannot meet the requirements of continuous operation. Fifth, the post-treatment unit often uses a single filter material. Activated carbon is prone to saturation, ceramic membranes are prone to fouling, and ultrafiltration membranes lack biological protection. If multi-stage filter layers do not have rigid positioning and an overall quick-release structure, short flow or leakage is prone to occur due to installation deviations, affecting the stability of the effluent.

[0004] The aforementioned problems are coupled together, resulting in common defects in traditional photocatalytic systems, such as low reaction efficiency, high reagent and energy consumption, short catalyst life, complex operation and maintenance, and large fluctuations in effluent quality. These defects severely restrict their large-scale application in actual wastewater treatment scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater, comprising:

[0007] The interconnected pretreatment chamber, photocatalytic reaction chamber, and posttreatment chamber are arranged sequentially along the water flow direction;

[0008] The pretreatment chamber is equipped with a rotating purification plate, a pH adjustment device and a DO adjustment device. Its outlet is connected to the inlet of the photocatalytic reaction chamber through a pipe, providing a stable water quality foundation with low suspended solids content, suitable pH and sufficient dissolved oxygen for the photocatalytic reaction.

[0009] The dynamic light source module, integrated at the top and inside of the photocatalytic reaction chamber, includes:

[0010] A Fresnel lens focuses natural light through a light-transmitting plate into the central guide channel of the multi-channel rotating reaction cylinder;

[0011] A ring-shaped LED supplementary lighting array is embedded in the side wall of the spiral guide channel at the edge of the multi-channel flip reaction cylinder, and is coaxial and complementary with the Fresnel lens focusing optical path;

[0012] The magnetic catalyst recycling system includes:

[0013] An electromagnetic separator and recovery unit is located at the water inlet of the post-treatment chamber to adsorb and recover the magnetic catalyst.

[0014] A negative pressure conveying pipeline connects the electromagnetic separator and the feed port of the photocatalytic reaction chamber to convey the regenerated catalyst.

[0015] The online cleaning and regenerator is integrated in the middle of the delivery pipeline to perform acid washing, ultrasonic and ultraviolet regeneration.

[0016] The integrated aeration and flow guiding mechanism runs through the center of the photocatalytic reaction chamber and includes:

[0017] The hollow air delivery rod has a propulsion stirring blade spirally arranged along the outer wall of the hollow air delivery rod to form a swirling flow to enhance mass transfer.

[0018] Microporous ceramic aerators are evenly distributed at the lower end of the impeller, with the aeration bubbles running in the opposite direction to the swirling flow path.

[0019] By dynamically adapting the pretreatment chamber to the influent water quality, providing spatiotemporally complementary light energy supply through the dynamic light source module, synergistically enhancing the reaction flow field through the integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism, and maintaining catalytic activity in a closed loop through the magnetic catalyst circulation system, the efficient degradation and resource utilization of organic wastewater are achieved.

[0020] According to the above technical solution, the rotating purification disc includes a motor-driven rotating shaft, a multi-layer annular filter screen evenly distributed on the rotating shaft, and a high-pressure backflushing pipeline.

[0021] The multi-layer annular filter screen is composed of a coarse filter layer and a fine filter layer stacked together;

[0022] The high-pressure backwash pipeline is connected to an external high-pressure water source at its inlet and is positioned directly opposite to the bottom annular filter screen at its outlet. The backwash water flow direction is opposite to the filter water flow direction.

[0023] The impurity collection element is located at the slag discharge port of the pretreatment chamber and includes:

[0024] Impurity collection box is fixedly installed on the side wall of the photocatalytic reaction chamber;

[0025] The flexible telescopic tube has a flange at one end connected to the discharge port at the top of the impurity collection box, and a magnetic connection at the other end to the high-pressure backflushing port of the pretreatment chamber.

[0026] According to the above technical solution, the pH adjusting element includes:

[0027] An acid and alkali storage tank is fixedly installed at the top of the pretreatment chamber, and its interior is divided into an acid storage chamber and an alkali storage chamber.

[0028] One end of the acid delivery pipe is connected to the acid storage chamber, and the other end is movably connected to the first rotating pipe through the first movable adapter. The first rotating pipe is movably installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber through the first bearing seat, and its bottom end extends vertically downward into the pretreatment chamber and is fixedly installed with an acid nozzle.

[0029] One end of the alkali delivery pipe is connected to the alkali storage chamber, and the other end is movably connected to the second rotating pipe through the second movable adapter. The second rotating pipe is movably installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber through the second bearing seat, and its bottom end extends vertically downward into the pretreatment chamber and is fixedly installed with an alkali nozzle.

[0030] The first rotating tube and the second rotating tube are driven by the same reciprocating rotating mechanism to achieve synchronous reciprocating oscillation, so that the acid spray nozzle and the alkali spray nozzle make an arc-shaped sweeping motion within the cross-section of the pretreatment chamber.

[0031] According to the above technical solution, the reciprocating rotation mechanism includes:

[0032] A first servo motor is fixedly installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber, and a half-tooth gear is fixedly installed on its output end;

[0033] The reciprocating frame, which is movably mounted on the top of the pretreatment chamber via a guide rail, has a hollow cuboid structure inside. Horizontal racks are symmetrically fixed on the inner sidewalls. The half-tooth gears alternately mesh with the horizontal racks on both sides as the reciprocating frame moves along the guide rail.

[0034] One end of the hinged telescopic rod is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating tube and the second rotating tube by a key connection, and the other end is hinged to the side wall of the reciprocating movable frame by a pin, so that the linear motion of the reciprocating movable frame is converted into the reciprocating swing of the first rotating tube and the second rotating tube.

[0035] According to the above technical solution, the DO adjustment component includes:

[0036] The central conveyor rod is installed in the center of the pretreatment chamber. Its top end is fixed to the top wall of the pretreatment chamber through a bearing seat, and its bottom end penetrates the bottom of the pretreatment chamber and is fixedly fitted with the first driven gear. The bottom end is connected to the external air supply end.

[0037] A second servo motor is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pretreatment chamber, and a first drive gear is fixedly installed at its output end. The first drive gear is meshed with a first driven gear.

[0038] The swirling aeration heads, which are circumferentially distributed on the side wall of the central conveyor rod, have their air outlet direction parallel to the tangential direction of the central conveyor rod, so that the aeration airflow forms a stable swirling flow in the pretreatment chamber.

[0039] According to the above technical solution, the integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism includes:

[0040] A hollow gas supply rod is installed in the center of the photocatalytic reaction chamber. The bottom end of the hollow gas supply rod passes through the bottom of the photocatalytic reaction chamber and is fixedly fitted with a second driven gear. The bottom end is connected to the external gas supply end.

[0041] The push-flow stirring paddle, which is evenly distributed along the spiral path on the side wall of the hollow air delivery rod, has microporous ceramic aeration heads evenly distributed on its lower end face. The microporous ceramic aeration heads are connected to the air passage inside the hollow air delivery rod.

[0042] A third servo motor is fixedly installed at the bottom of the photocatalytic reaction chamber, and a second drive gear is fixedly installed at its output end. The second drive gear is meshed with the second driven gear.

[0043] The spiral angle of the propulsion agitator is opposite to that of the spiral guide channel at the edge of the multi-channel overturning reaction cylinder, so that the propulsion direction is in the same direction as the guide path of the central guide channel.

[0044] According to the above technical solution, a composite filtration module is provided in the post-processing cavity, and the composite filtration module includes:

[0045] The activated carbon fiber layer, ceramic membrane layer, ultrafiltration membrane layer and antibacterial cotton layer are stacked and tightly bonded together in sequence along the water flow direction;

[0046] The activated carbon fiber layer, ceramic membrane layer, ultrafiltration membrane layer, and antibacterial cotton layer are movably disposed in the post-processing chamber via a magnetic disassembly frame.

[0047] According to the above technical solution, the electromagnetic separation and recovery device includes:

[0048] The sealed lifting chamber is located above the water inlet of the post-treatment chamber and has an electric gate at its bottom.

[0049] A high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix is ​​vertically installed in a sealed lifting chamber via multi-stage electric telescopic rods, and the surface of the high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix is ​​coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0050] An ultrasonic generator is embedded in a high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix;

[0051] The axis of the high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix is ​​perpendicular to the axis of the water inlet pipe of the post-treatment chamber, so that the catalyst-containing water flows perpendicularly through the electromagnetic rod matrix.

[0052] According to the above technical solution, the online cleaning and regenerator includes:

[0053] A cylindrical cleaning and regeneration chamber integrated in series in the middle section of a negative pressure delivery pipeline;

[0054] An array of annular nozzles is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the cleaning and regeneration chamber, with its nozzles facing downwards and evenly covering the cross-section of the cleaning and regeneration chamber.

[0055] An ultrasonic heat exchanger embedded in the side wall of the cleaning and regeneration chamber;

[0056] The ultraviolet LED array is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the cleaning and regeneration chamber, with its emitting surface facing downwards and coaxially arranged with the annular nozzle array.

[0057] According to the above technical solution, it also includes a water quality feedback module, which includes:

[0058] COD sensor integrated at the outlet of the post-treatment chamber;

[0059] A pH sensor integrated at the outlet of the pretreatment chamber;

[0060] Dissolved oxygen sensor integrated in the middle of the photocatalytic reaction chamber;

[0061] The detection signals from the COD sensor, pH sensor, and dissolved oxygen sensor are all connected to the main control system. The main control system is configured to determine the effluent water quality based on the combination logic of the three signals, and to control the acid and alkali addition actions of the pH regulator, the aeration intensity of the DO regulator, and the opening and closing status of the return water pipe.

[0062] The inlet flange of the return water pipe is connected to the bottom of the drain outlet of the post-treatment chamber, and the outlet flange is connected to the inlet of the pre-treatment chamber.

[0063] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0064] (1) Collaborative optimization of the entire process from pretreatment chamber to posttreatment chamber

[0065] The reciprocating rotation mechanism drives the acid and alkali spray nozzles to achieve full-section spraying of the agent, quickly adjusting the pH value of the wastewater. This avoids the problems of drastic local pH fluctuations and uneven reactions caused by traditional fixed spraying, significantly improving the uniformity and controllability of wastewater pre-conditioning, and ensuring the requirement of a stable influent pH window for subsequent photocatalytic reactions.

[0066] The DO regulator generates a centrifugal vortex through the vortex aeration head, which enhances the uniformity of dissolved oxygen. It constructs an axial vortex field with consistent direction and adjustable intensity in the pretreatment chamber 10, which not only greatly improves the mass transfer efficiency and distribution uniformity of dissolved oxygen, but also enhances the dispersion stability of the suspended catalyst precursor, providing sufficient oxidant and a good mixing basis for the photocatalytic reaction.

[0067] (2) Dynamic adaptation of flow field in multi-channel overturning reactor

[0068] The design of the difference in the helix angle between the edge spiral guide channel and the central guide channel balances the centrifugal force of the water flow and the axial propulsion force, avoiding reaction dead zones. The reverse configuration of the spiral helix angle of the pusher impeller further enhances the stability of the flow field, ensuring full contact between the photocatalyst and pollutants. This achieves efficient longitudinal circulation of the liquid inside the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20 and synergistic mixing of the gas, liquid and solid phases, significantly enhancing the utilization rate of photogenerated carriers and the degradation kinetic rate of pollutants.

[0069] (3) High-efficiency flow field control of the integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism

[0070] The hollow air delivery rod integrates gas delivery and the spiral propulsion of the stirring paddle to drive water flow in a directional manner along the central guide channel, significantly improving the uniformity of the flow field in the photocatalytic reaction chamber. The microporous ceramic aerator releases micron-sized bubbles, which work synergistically with the stirring paddle to enhance oxygen mass transfer efficiency and catalyst surface reactivity, ensuring maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency.

[0071] (4) Staged deep purification of composite filtration module

[0072] The activated carbon fiber layer, ceramic membrane layer, ultrafiltration membrane layer, and antibacterial cotton layer intercept pollutants step by step along the water flow direction, achieving full-spectrum removal of organic matter, suspended solids, microorganisms, and odors. The modular design of the magnetic disassembly frame simplifies the filter layer replacement process, reduces maintenance costs, and ensures filtration sealing to avoid secondary water pollution.

[0073] (5) Closed-loop catalyst recovery in electromagnetic separator

[0074] The high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix traps magnetic catalyst particles through a vertical magnetic field. Combined with the low-adhesion surface characteristics of the polytetrafluoroethylene coating, it achieves efficient catalyst capture and non-destructive stripping. The ultrasonic generator and multi-stage electric telescopic rod work together to clean the catalyst, ensuring a catalyst recovery rate of over 95% and reducing resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0075] (6) Non-contact regeneration technology for online cleaning regenerators

[0076] The combined effect of full-section spray cleaning by the annular nozzle array and cavitation pyrolysis by the ultrasonic heat exchanger thoroughly removes contaminants from the catalyst surface. The photocatalytic regeneration function of the ultraviolet LED array repairs the active sites of the catalyst, extends its service life, and reduces the frequency of catalyst replacement and operating costs. This achieves real-time, continuous, multi-physics field coupled cleaning and active regeneration of the catalyst during the recovery and transportation process, effectively removing surface poisons, restoring surface hydroxyl density and photoresponse capability, fundamentally extending the catalyst's service life and maintaining its high catalytic activity.

[0077] (7) System sustainability and intelligent control

[0078] The closed-loop operation mode of each functional module (such as the electromagnetic separator and the online cleaning and regenerator) reduces manual intervention and improves the system's automation level. Sensors (such as dissolved oxygen sensors) monitor water quality parameters in real time, and the linkage servo motors (such as the first servo motor and the second servo motor) dynamically adjust the operating parameters to ensure optimal matching between treatment efficiency and energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0079] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0080] Figure 1 This is a first perspective view of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 2 This is a second perspective view of the present invention;

[0082] Figure 3 This is a third perspective view of the present invention;

[0083] Figure 4 This is a first partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 5 This is a second partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 6 This is a third partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0086] Figure 7This is a fourth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 8 This is a fifth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 9 This is a sixth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 10 This is the present invention. Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0090] Figure 11 This is the present invention. Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle;

[0091] Figure 12 This is the present invention. Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of point C in the middle;

[0092] Figure 13 This is the present invention. Figure 8 A magnified view of a portion of point D in the middle;

[0093] Figure 14 This is the present invention. Figure 9 A magnified view of a portion of point E in the middle;

[0094] In the diagram: 10-Pretreatment chamber, 11-Rotating purification disc, 111-Rotating shaft, 112-Multi-layer annular filter screen, 1121-Coarse filter layer, 1122-Fine filter layer, 113-High-pressure backflushing pipeline, 114-Motor, 12-pH adjustment component, 121-Acid / alkali storage tank, 122-Acid storage chamber, 1221-Acid delivery pipe, 1222-First movable adapter, 1223-First rotating pipe, 1224-First bearing seat, 1225-Acid nozzle, 123-Alkali storage chamber, 1231-Alkali delivery pipe, 1232-Second movable adapter, 1233-Second rotating pipe. 1234-Second bearing housing, 1235-Alkali spray nozzle, 124-Reciprocating rotation mechanism, 1241-First servo motor, 1242-Half-tooth gear, 1243-Guide rail, 1244-Reciprocating movable frame, 1245-Horizontal rack, 1246-Hinged telescopic rod, 13-DO adjustment component, 131-Central conveying rod, 132-First driven gear, 133-Second servo motor, 134-First driving gear, 135-Swirl aerator head, 14-Impurity collector, 141-Impurity collection box, 142-Flexible telescopic tube, 20-Photocatalytic reaction chamber, 30-Post-treatment chamber, 31- Composite filtration module, 311-Activated carbon fiber layer, 312-Ceramic membrane layer, 313-Ultrafiltration membrane layer, 314-Antibacterial cotton layer, 315-Magnetic disassembly frame, 40-Dynamic light source module, 41-Fresnel lens, 42-Light transmission plate, 43-Multi-channel flip reaction cylinder, 44-Central flow guide channel, 45-Annular LED supplementary lighting array, 46-Edge spiral flow guide channel, 50-Magnetic catalyst circulation system, 51-Electromagnetic separator and recovery unit, 511-Sealed lifting chamber, 512-Electric gate, 513-Multi-stage electric telescopic rod, 514-High gradient electromagnetic rod matrix, 515-PTFE coating 516-Ultrasonic generator, 52-Negative pressure delivery pipeline, 53-Online cleaning and regenerator, 531-Cylindrical cleaning and regeneration chamber, 532-Annular nozzle array, 533-Ultrasonic heat exchanger, 534-Ultraviolet LED array, 60-Integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism, 601-Hollow air delivery rod, 602-Second driven gear, 603-Propelling agitator, 604-Microporous ceramic aeration head, 605-Third servo motor, 606-Second driving gear, 70-Water quality feedback module, 701-COD sensor, 702-pH sensor, 703-Dissolved oxygen sensor, 704-Return water pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0095] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0096] Please see Figure 1-14 The present invention provides a technical solution: a photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater, comprising:

[0097] The interconnected pretreatment chamber 10, photocatalytic reaction chamber 20, and posttreatment chamber 30 are arranged sequentially along the water flow direction;

[0098] The pretreatment chamber 10 is equipped with a rotating purification plate 11, a pH adjustment element 12 and a DO adjustment element 13. Its outlet is connected to the inlet of the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20 through a pipe, providing a stable water quality foundation with low suspended solids content, suitable pH and sufficient dissolved oxygen for the photocatalytic reaction.

[0099] The dynamic light source module 40, integrated into the top and interior of the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20, includes:

[0100] Fresnel lens 41 focuses natural light through light-transmitting plate 42 into the central guide channel 44 of multi-channel flip reaction cylinder 43;

[0101] The ring-shaped LED supplementary light array 45 is embedded in the side wall of the edge spiral guide channel 46 of the multi-channel flip reaction cylinder 43, and is coaxial and complementary with the focusing optical path of the Fresnel lens 41.

[0102] Magnetic catalyst circulation system 50, comprising:

[0103] Electromagnetic separator and recovery unit 51 is located at the water inlet end of the post-treatment chamber 30 to adsorb and recover magnetic catalyst.

[0104] The negative pressure conveying pipeline 52 connects the electromagnetic separator and recovery unit 51 to the feeding port of the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20 to convey the regenerated catalyst.

[0105] The online cleaning and regenerator 53 is integrated into the middle section of the delivery pipeline 52 and performs acid washing, ultrasonic and ultraviolet regeneration.

[0106] The integrated aeration and flow guiding mechanism 60 penetrates the center of the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20 and includes:

[0107] The hollow air delivery rod 601 has a propulsion agitator 603 spirally arranged along the outer wall of the hollow air delivery rod 601 to form a swirling flow to enhance mass transfer.

[0108] Microporous ceramic aeration heads 604 are evenly distributed at the lower end of the propulsion agitator 603, with the aeration bubbles in the opposite direction to the swirling flow path.

[0109] Through the dynamic adaptation of the pretreatment chamber 10 to the influent water quality, the spatiotemporal complementary supply of light energy by the dynamic light source module 40, the synergistic enhancement of the reaction flow field by the integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism 60, and the closed-loop maintenance of catalytic activity by the magnetic catalyst circulation system 50, the efficient degradation and resource utilization of organic wastewater are achieved.

[0110] Specifically, the rotating purification disc 11 includes a rotating shaft 111 driven by a motor 114, a multi-layer annular filter screen 112 evenly distributed on the rotating shaft 111, and a high-pressure backflushing pipeline 113.

[0111] The multi-layer annular filter 112 is composed of a coarse filter layer 1121 and a fine filter layer 1122 stacked together;

[0112] The inlet of the high-pressure backwash pipeline 113 is connected to an external high-pressure water source, and the outlet is set directly opposite to the bottom annular filter screen 112. The backwash water flow direction is opposite to the filter water flow direction.

[0113] The impurity collection element 14 is disposed at the slag discharge port of the pretreatment chamber 10, and includes:

[0114] Impurity collection box 141 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the photocatalytic reaction chamber;

[0115] The flexible telescopic tube 142 has a flange at one end connected to the discharge port at the top of the impurity collection box 141, and a magnetic connection at the other end to the high-pressure backflushing port of the pretreatment chamber 10.

[0116] The rotating shaft 111, driven by the motor 114, runs through the vertical axis of the pretreatment chamber 10. Multiple layers of annular filter screens 112 are evenly installed circumferentially. The motor 114 drives the rotating shaft 111 to rotate at a constant speed, causing the multiple layers of annular filter screens 112 to rotate synchronously. Centrifugal force throws suspended solids in the wastewater outwards from the chamber. Simultaneously, the pore structure of the filter screens 112 achieves graded retention, forming a dynamic filtration mechanism. The coarse filter layer 1121, located on the outer layer, has a larger pore size and mainly retains large suspended particles in the wastewater, such as silt and fibers, reducing the load on the subsequent fine filter layer 1122. The coarse filter layer 1121, with its smaller pore size, is closely attached to the inner side of the coarse filter layer 1121 to trap fine particles such as colloids and microorganisms, ensuring that the suspended solids concentration in the effluent meets the inlet requirements of the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20. After the coarse filter layer 1121 and the fine filter layer 1122 are stacked, the centrifugal force generated by rotation and the mechanical interception of the filter screen pores significantly improve filtration efficiency while reducing the frequency of filter screen clogging. The high-pressure backwash pipeline 113 is connected to an external high-pressure water source at its inlet, and its outlet faces the bottom area of ​​the multi-layer annular filter screen 112. The nozzle direction is opposite to the direction of the filtered water flow. When the pressure difference of the filter screen 112 increases due to impurities, the high-pressure backwash pipeline 113 is activated, using high-pressure water to flush the filter screen pores in the reverse direction, forcibly removing impurities attached to the filter screen surface. The design of the backwash water flow direction being opposite to the filtration direction significantly improves the impurity removal efficiency. It is fixedly installed on the side wall of the slag discharge port of the pretreatment chamber 10 to centrally store the impurities removed by the backwash water flow. The housing is made of corrosion-resistant material, and a slag discharge valve is provided at the bottom for easy periodic cleaning.

[0117] Synergistic Effects: Dynamic Filtration: Combining centrifugal force with a tiered filter screen improves filtration efficiency and stability; Self-Cleaning Design: The high-pressure backwash line 113 and flexible telescopic tube 142 work together to achieve filter screen maintenance without disassembly and cleaning; Targeted Impurity Recovery: The impurity collection box 141 and magnetic interface ensure closed-loop transfer of impurities, ensuring the cleanliness of the pretreatment chamber 10; Synergistic Adaptability: Provides low suspended solids and stable influent water quality for the subsequent photocatalytic reaction chamber 20, avoiding catalyst poisoning or reactor blockage;

[0118] Specifically, the pH adjusting element 12 includes:

[0119] An acid-base storage tank 121 is fixedly installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber 10, and its interior is divided into an acid storage chamber 122 and an alkali storage chamber 123.

[0120] One end of the acid delivery pipe 1221 is connected to the acid storage chamber 122, and the other end is movably connected to the first rotating pipe 1223 through the first movable adapter 1222. The first rotating pipe 1223 is movably installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber 10 through the first bearing seat 1224, and its bottom end extends vertically downward into the pretreatment chamber 10 and is fixedly installed with an acid nozzle 1225.

[0121] One end of the alkali delivery pipe 1231 is connected to the alkali storage chamber 123, and the other end is movably connected to the second rotating pipe 1233 via the second movable adapter 1232. The second rotating pipe 1233 is movably installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber 10 via the second bearing seat 1234, and its bottom end extends vertically downward into the pretreatment chamber 10 and is fixedly installed with an alkali nozzle 1235.

[0122] The first rotating tube 1223 and the second rotating tube 1233 are driven by the same reciprocating rotating mechanism 124 to achieve synchronous reciprocating swing, so that the acid spray nozzle 1225 and the alkali spray nozzle 1235 perform arc sweeping motion within the cross-section of the pretreatment chamber 10.

[0123] Acid-base storage tank 121 is fixedly installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber 10. Internally, it is divided into an independent acid storage chamber 122 and an alkali storage chamber 123 by a partition, storing acid and alkali solutions respectively. This physical isolation prevents mixing or cross-contamination of the solutions. The compartmentalized design allows for independent storage and on-demand access to the acid and alkali solutions. One end of the acid delivery pipe 1221 is connected to the acid storage chamber 122, and the other end is movably connected to the first rotating pipe 1223 via a first movable adapter 1222, delivering acid from the storage chamber 122 to the nozzle 1225. The first rotating pipe 1223 is movably installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber 10 via a first bearing seat 1224, extending vertically into the pretreatment chamber 10 at its bottom end, with the acid nozzle 1225 fixedly installed at its end. The alkali delivery pipe 1231 operates on the same principle as the acid delivery pipe 1221. Pipe 1223 and the second rotating pipe 1233 are driven by the same reciprocating rotating mechanism 124 to achieve synchronous reciprocating oscillation. The first bearing seat 1224 and the second bearing seat 1234 provide rotational support to ensure the sealing and stability of the pipe connection during the oscillation. The reciprocating oscillation drives the acid spray head 1225 and the alkali spray head 1235 to perform arc-shaped sweeping motion within the cross-section of the pretreatment chamber 10. The spray head sweeping path covers the main area of ​​the cross-section of the chamber, eliminating dead angles in the spraying of the agent. The reciprocating rotating mechanism 124 drives the dual spray heads to move symmetrically, ensuring the coordination and efficiency of acid and alkali adjustment. The main control system determines whether acid or alkali needs to be added based on the real-time data fed back by the pH sensor 702. Combined with the feedback from the pH sensor 702, it dynamically matches the agent dosage and water flow conditions to provide pH-adapted influent water quality for the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20.

[0124] Specifically, the reciprocating rotation mechanism 124 includes:

[0125] A first servo motor 1241 is fixedly installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber 10, and a half-tooth gear 1242 is fixedly installed on its output end;

[0126] The reciprocating frame 1244, which is movably mounted on the top of the pretreatment chamber 10 via the guide rail 1243, has a hollow cuboid structure inside. Horizontal racks 1245 are symmetrically fixedly installed on the inner sidewalls. The half-tooth gears 1242 alternately mesh with the horizontal racks 1245 on both sides during the translation of the reciprocating frame 1244 along the guide rail 1243.

[0127] One end of the hinged telescopic rod 1246 is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating tube 1223 and the second rotating tube 1233 by a key connection, and the other end is hinged to the side wall of the reciprocating movable frame 1244 by a pin, so that the linear motion of the reciprocating movable frame 1244 is converted into the reciprocating swing of the first rotating tube 1223 and the second rotating tube 1233.

[0128] The function of the reciprocating rotation mechanism 124 is to convert the continuous rotational motion output by the first servo motor 1241 into the linear reciprocating motion of the reciprocating movable frame 1244, and further drive the first rotating tube 1223 and the second rotating tube 1233 to complete the reciprocating swing synchronously through mechanical transmission, thereby driving the acid spray head 1225 and the alkali spray head 1235 to achieve stable and controllable arc sweeping motion within the cross-section of the pretreatment chamber 10.

[0129] The first servo motor 1241 is fixedly installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber 10 as the power source of the entire mechanism. A half-tooth gear 1242 is fixedly installed at its output end. The half-tooth gear 1242 has teeth only in a certain angle range in the circumferential direction, and the rest of the area is a toothless arc segment. It is a key feature component for realizing intermittent meshing and direction conversion.

[0130] The reciprocating movable frame 1244 is movably mounted on the top of the pretreatment chamber 10 via guide rail 1243. It can reciprocate linearly in a set direction under the constraint of the guide rail 1243. Its interior has a hollow cuboid structure, which helps reduce its weight and provides space for internal transmission. Horizontal racks 1245 are symmetrically fixedly mounted on its inner walls. Two horizontal racks 1245 are located on the left and right inner walls of the reciprocating movable frame 1244, respectively, with opposite tooth directions, providing a bidirectional meshing basis for the half-tooth gear 1242.

[0131] During the translation of the reciprocating movable frame 1244 along the guide rail 1243, the half-tooth gear 1242 alternately meshes with the horizontal racks 1245 on both sides. When the toothed section of the half-tooth gear 1242 meshes with the horizontal rack 1245 on one side, it pushes the reciprocating movable frame 1244 to move in one direction. When the toothed section disengages from the rack on that side and rotates to the other side, it re-meshes with the horizontal rack 1245 on the other side, thereby pushing the reciprocating movable frame 1244 to move in the opposite direction. This alternating meshing mechanism enables the reciprocating movable frame 1244 to achieve periodic and clearly defined linear reciprocating motion under the continuous rotation drive of the half-tooth gear 1242.

[0132] One end of the hinged telescopic rod 1246 is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating tube 1223 and the second rotating tube 1233 by a key connection to ensure that it can rotate synchronously with the two rotating tubes. The other end is hinged to the side wall of the reciprocating frame 1244 by a pin. This hinge structure allows the hinged telescopic rod 1246 to be adaptively fine-tuned in the length direction, and converts the linear reciprocating motion of the reciprocating frame 1244 into the reciprocating swing of the first rotating tube 1223 and the second rotating tube 1233 around their respective axes through the lever principle. This conversion process is stable and reliable, with uniform swing amplitude and swing frequency that strictly corresponds to the movement rhythm of the reciprocating frame 1244, ensuring the consistency and repeatability of the sweeping trajectory of the acid nozzle 1225 and the alkali nozzle 1235.

[0133] Specifically, the DO adjustment element 13 includes:

[0134] The central conveyor rod 131 is installed in the center of the pretreatment chamber 10. Its top end is fixed to the top wall of the pretreatment chamber 10 through a bearing seat, and its bottom end penetrates the bottom of the pretreatment chamber 10 and is fixedly fitted with a first driven gear 132. The bottom end is connected to the external air supply end.

[0135] A second servo motor 133 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pretreatment chamber 10, and a first drive gear 134 is fixedly installed at its output end. The first drive gear 134 is meshed with the first driven gear 132.

[0136] The swirling aeration heads 135, which are circumferentially distributed on the side wall of the central conveying rod 131, have an air outlet direction parallel to the tangential direction of the central conveying rod 131, so that the aeration airflow forms a stable swirling flow in the pretreatment chamber 10.

[0137] The function of the DO regulator 13 is to replenish dissolved oxygen in the wastewater in the pretreatment chamber 10 in situ, uniformly and efficiently, increase the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water, provide a sufficient oxidant basis for the subsequent photocatalytic reaction, and simultaneously construct a hydraulic flow field that is conducive to solid-liquid mixing and mass transfer enhancement.

[0138] The central conveying rod 131 is movably installed in the center of the pretreatment chamber 10. Its top end is fixed to the top wall of the pretreatment chamber 10 through a bearing seat to ensure rotational stability and sealing. The bottom end penetrates the bottom of the pretreatment chamber 10 and is fixedly fitted with the first driven gear 132, so that the central conveying rod 131 has a power transmission interface for rotating around its own axis. The bottom end is connected to the external air supply end, serving as the main channel for gas transportation, introducing compressed air or clean air into the pretreatment chamber 10.

[0139] The second servo motor 133 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pretreatment chamber 10 and serves as the driving power source for the DO adjustment component 13. The first drive gear 134 is fixedly installed at its output end. The first drive gear 134 is directly meshed with the first driven gear 132 at the bottom of the central conveyor rod 131, so that the rotational motion output by the second servo motor 133 is accurately transmitted to the central conveyor rod 131 through the gear pair, driving the central conveyor rod 131 to rotate stably and uniformly.

[0140] The swirling aerator heads 135 are circumferentially distributed on the sidewall of the central conveyor rod 131, and their outlet direction is strictly set to be parallel to the tangential direction of the central conveyor rod 131. This arrangement allows the gas ejected from the swirling aerator heads 135 to apply thrust along the circumferential tangential direction of the pretreatment chamber 10 cross-section, thereby inducing the generation of axial swirling currents with consistent direction, controllable intensity, and uniform distribution within the pretreatment chamber 10. This swirling current not only enhances the residence time and dispersion of bubbles in the water, improving oxygen transfer efficiency, but also promotes the suspension and mixing of suspended particles, preventing sedimentation and accumulation, and providing stable influent conditions with sufficient dissolved oxygen, uniform composition, and no short-flow zones for the water flow subsequently entering the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20.

[0141] Specifically, the integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism 60 includes:

[0142] A hollow gas supply rod 601 is installed in the center of the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20. The bottom end of the hollow gas supply rod 601 passes through the bottom of the photocatalytic reaction chamber and is fixedly fitted with a second driven gear 602. The bottom end is connected to the external gas supply end.

[0143] The push-flow agitator 603, which is evenly distributed along the thread path on the side wall of the hollow air delivery rod 601, has microporous ceramic aeration heads 604 evenly distributed on its lower end face. The microporous ceramic aeration heads 604 are connected to the internal air passage of the hollow air delivery rod 601.

[0144] A third servo motor 605 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the photocatalytic reaction chamber, and a second drive gear 606 is fixedly installed at its output end. The second drive gear 606 is meshed with the second driven gear 602.

[0145] The spiral angle of the pusher agitator 603 is opposite to that of the spiral guide channel 46 at the edge of the multi-channel overturning reaction cylinder 43, so that the pusher direction is in the same direction as the guide path of the central guide channel 44.

[0146] The function of the integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism 60 is to synergistically achieve directional liquid flow, uniform catalyst suspension, efficient mixing of gas, liquid and solid phases, and continuous replenishment of dissolved oxygen inside the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20, thereby enhancing the mass transfer and interfacial reaction kinetics in the photocatalytic reaction process.

[0147] The hollow gas delivery rod 601 is movably installed in the center of the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20. The bottom end of the rod is fixedly fitted with a second driven gear 602 and the bottom end is connected to the external gas supply end. This hollow structure makes it both the main channel for gas delivery and the bearing shaft for rotational motion, realizing the integrated integration of gas path and mechanical transmission.

[0148] The third servo motor 605 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20. The output end of the third servo motor 605 is fixedly installed with the second drive gear 606. The second drive gear 606 meshes with the second driven gear 602 at the bottom of the hollow air delivery rod 601, and transmits the rotational motion output by the third servo motor 605 to the hollow air delivery rod 601 through the gear pair, driving it to rotate stably around its own axis.

[0149] The impeller 603 is evenly distributed along the spiral path on the side wall of the hollow air delivery rod 601. Its structure is a continuous curved blade with a defined helix angle. When it rotates with the hollow air delivery rod 601, it applies axial thrust to the surrounding liquid, forming directional flow. The helix angle of the impeller 603 is opposite to that of the edge spiral guide channel 46 of the multi-channel tilting reaction cylinder 43. This opposite design makes the liquid propulsion direction generated by the impeller 603 different from that of the liquid guided by the edge spiral guide channel 46 of the multi-channel tilting reaction cylinder 43. The flow direction remains consistent, and the two work together to strengthen the upward flow field within the central guide channel 44, promoting the overall circulation and longitudinal connection of the liquid within the reaction chamber. The reverse spiral angle design balances the centrifugal inertial force of the edge spiral guide channel 46, ensuring a smooth transition of water flow to the next stage reaction zone. The spiral angle of the pusher agitator 603 is opposite to that of the edge spiral guide channel 46, counteracting the centrifugal effect of the water flow and ensuring a smooth transition of the reaction flow field. The synergistic effect of aeration and pusher agitation improves the efficiency of photocatalytic reaction and accelerates the degradation of organic pollutants.

[0150] Microporous ceramic aerator heads 604 are evenly distributed on the lower end face of the impeller 603. Their internal channels are directly connected to the internal air channels of the hollow air delivery rod 601, ensuring that the gas is released synchronously and uniformly during the rotation of the impeller 603. The gas is released as micron-sized bubbles through the microporous ceramic aerator heads 604, increasing the gas-liquid contact area. The bubbles diffuse along the rotation trajectory of the impeller 603 and form a counter-mixing with the water flow, prolonging the oxygen residence time. The bubbles released by the microporous ceramic aerator heads 604 are small in size and densely distributed, which can be further broken and dispersed in the shear flow field generated by the impeller 603, greatly increasing the gas-liquid contact area, improving the oxygen mass transfer efficiency, and using the drag force of the bubbles to drive the catalyst particles to float and redisperse, preventing the catalyst from settling and deactivating.

[0151] The integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism 60 achieves unified control of liquid flow direction, gas distribution pattern and catalyst spatial position through structural coupling, motion coordination and flow field matching of mechanical propulsion and microporous aeration, creating a reaction environment with high activity, high stability and high mass transfer efficiency for photocatalytic reaction.

[0152] Specifically, the post-processing chamber 30 is provided with a composite filtration module 31, which includes:

[0153] An activated carbon fiber layer 311, a ceramic membrane layer 312, an ultrafiltration membrane layer 313, and an antibacterial cotton layer 314 are stacked and tightly bonded together in sequence along the direction of water flow.

[0154] The activated carbon fiber layer 311, ceramic membrane layer 312, ultrafiltration membrane layer 313 and antibacterial cotton layer 314 are movably disposed in the post-processing chamber 30 via a magnetic disassembly frame 315.

[0155] The function of the composite filtration module 31 is to perform multi-stage deep purification on the clear liquid after it has been treated by the electromagnetic separator and recovery unit 51, further removing residual dissolved organic matter, colloidal particles, microorganisms and trace pollutants, so as to ensure that the final effluent water quality meets the standards and is biosafety.

[0156] The activated carbon fiber layer 311 is located at the upstream end of the composite filtration module 31 along the water flow direction. Its function is to adsorb residual color, odor substances, small molecule organic pollutants and some difficult-to-degrade intermediate products in the water, and play a dual role of physical adsorption and surface catalysis, providing water quality buffer and pollution load reduction for subsequent membrane filtration.

[0157] The ceramic membrane layer 312 is positioned downstream of the activated carbon fiber layer 311. Its function is to trap suspended particles, colloids, bacteria and some large organic molecules with particle sizes in the micron range. It has the characteristics of high mechanical strength, resistance to chemical cleaning and slow flux decay, and constitutes the primary physical barrier of the composite filtration module 31.

[0158] The ultrafiltration membrane layer 313 is positioned downstream of the ceramic membrane layer 312. Its function is to further retain proteins, polysaccharides, viruses and colloidal substances with a molecular weight greater than 10,000 Daltons, thereby achieving efficient screening of dissolved macromolecular pollutants and improving the turbidity and biosafety indicators of the effluent.

[0159] The antibacterial cotton layer 314 is located downstream of the ultrafiltration membrane layer 313. Its function is to use the antibacterial components loaded on the cotton fibers to contact inhibit and inactivate the small number of microorganisms that have penetrated the first three layers of filter media, so as to prevent microorganisms from growing or penetrating at the water outlet and ensure the microbiological safety of the terminal water.

[0160] The above four layers of filter media, namely activated carbon fiber layer 311, ceramic membrane layer 312, ultrafiltration membrane layer 313 and antibacterial cotton layer 314, are stacked and tightly bonded in sequence along the water flow direction to form a continuous filtration system without gaps or short-circuiting, ensuring that all water flow must pass through each layer in sequence, eliminating bypass and around-flow, and ensuring the full realization of the filtration function of each stage.

[0161] The magnetic disassembly frame 315 is used to movably house the activated carbon fiber layer 311, ceramic membrane layer 312, ultrafiltration membrane layer 313, and antibacterial cotton layer 314 within the post-treatment chamber 30. The magnetic disassembly frame 315 is fixed to a preset position on the inner wall of the post-treatment chamber 30 by magnetic adsorption, allowing the entire composite filtration module 31 to be quickly installed, stably operated, and conveniently replaced. When maintenance or when the filter media is saturated, the entire frame can be removed simply by releasing the magnetic connection, realizing the integrated replacement of the four layers of filter media. This avoids misalignment, leakage, or installation errors caused by disassembling and assembling a single layer, improving the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the system.

[0162] Specifically, the electromagnetic separator and recoverer 51 includes:

[0163] The sealed lifting chamber 511 is located above the water inlet of the post-treatment chamber 30, and an electric gate 512 is provided at its bottom.

[0164] A high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514 is vertically installed in the sealed lifting chamber 511 via a multi-stage electric telescopic rod 513, and the surface of the high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514 is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating 515.

[0165] An ultrasonic generator 516 is embedded in a high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514;

[0166] The axis of the high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514 is perpendicular to the axis of the water inlet pipe of the post-treatment chamber 30, so that the catalyst-containing water flows perpendicularly through the electromagnetic rod matrix 514.

[0167] The function of the electromagnetic separator and recovery unit 51 is to carry out efficient, controllable, and low-loss magnetic catalyst directional capture and in-situ regeneration of the catalyst-containing water flow before it enters the post-treatment chamber 30, so as to realize the recycling of the catalyst and prevent it from being lost with the effluent.

[0168] The sealed lifting chamber 511 is located above the water inlet of the post-treatment chamber 30. It serves as the bearing and protection space for the high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514. Its sealed structure can isolate external environmental interference, prevent water from entering electrical components, and provide relatively stable boundary conditions for the electromagnetic field.

[0169] The electric gate 512 is located at the bottom of the sealed lifting chamber 511. Its function is to close during the electromagnetic separation operation to block the water flow and ensure that the high gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514 completes the catalyst adsorption without flow interference. After the separation is completed, it is opened to restore the water flow channel and realize the time sequence switching between operation and water supply conditions.

[0170] The multi-stage electric telescopic rod 513 is vertically installed in the sealed lifting chamber 511. Its function is to drive the high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514 to precisely lift and lower in the vertical direction, realizing the position switching between the working position and the cleaning position. In the working position, the high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514 is completely immersed in the water flow path. In the cleaning position, it is lifted off the liquid surface as a whole, which facilitates subsequent desorption and rinsing operations.

[0171] The high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514 is installed in the sealed lifting chamber 511 through the multi-stage electric telescopic rod 513. Its axis is perpendicular to the axis of the water inlet pipe of the post-treatment chamber 30. This orthogonal arrangement allows the catalyst-containing water to flow through the high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514 in a vertical direction, maximizing the intersection angle between the magnetic lines of force and the direction of water flow, enhancing the magnetophoretic force on the magnetic particles, and improving the collection efficiency and retention rate.

[0172] A polytetrafluoroethylene coating 515 is applied to the surface of the high gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514. Its function is to provide chemical inertness, low surface energy and excellent non-adhesive properties, prevent the catalyst particles from irreversibly agglomerating or adhering and solidifying under the action of a strong magnetic field, and ensure the thoroughness of the desorption process and the stability of repeated use.

[0173] The ultrasonic generator 516 is set in the high gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514. Its function is to start synchronously during the power-off desorption stage, generate high-frequency mechanical oscillation, weaken the van der Waals force and residual magnetic adsorption force between the catalyst particles and the electromagnetic rod surface, assist in loosening the captured catalyst, improve desorption efficiency and recovery rate, reduce residue, and extend the service life of the electromagnetic rod.

[0174] Specifically, the online cleaning and regenerating unit 53 includes:

[0175] A cylindrical cleaning and regeneration chamber 531 is integrated in series in the middle section of the negative pressure conveying pipeline 52;

[0176] An annular nozzle array 532 is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the cleaning and regeneration chamber 531, with its nozzles facing downwards and evenly covering the cross-section of the cleaning and regeneration chamber 531.

[0177] An ultrasonic heat exchanger 533 is embedded in the side wall of the cleaning and regeneration chamber 531;

[0178] The ultraviolet LED array 534 is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the cleaning and regeneration chamber 531, with its light-emitting surface facing downward and coaxially arranged with the annular nozzle array 532.

[0179] The function of the online cleaning and regenerator 53 is to perform in-situ, continuous, and multi-physical field synergistic efficient cleaning and regeneration of the magnetic catalyst recovered through the negative pressure conveying pipeline 52, eliminate surface adsorbed pollutants, photocatalytic deactivation layer and organic deposits, restore the specific surface area and hydroxyl radical generation capacity of the catalyst, and ensure its long-term stability and reaction activity during recycling.

[0180] The cylindrical cleaning and regeneration chamber 531 is integrated in series in the middle section of the negative pressure conveying pipeline 52. As the core cavity for online catalyst treatment, its cylindrical structure is conducive to flow field homogenization and gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixing, and facilitates the circumferential arrangement of cleaning and regeneration functional components. The chamber body is made of corrosion-resistant, high-transmittance quartz glass or modified borosilicate material, taking into account both mechanical strength and ultraviolet penetration performance.

[0181] The annular nozzle array 532 is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the cleaning and regeneration chamber 531, and is distributed in a concentric circle with the nozzles facing downward and evenly covering the entire cross-section of the cleaning and regeneration chamber 531. Its function is to spray a pre-concentrated regeneration cleaning liquid (such as dilute H2O2 solution, pH buffer solution or surfactant solution) into the downward catalyst slurry to achieve all-round, dead-angle-free liquid phase flushing. The annular arrangement ensures that the cleaning liquid forms a downward-radiating cone-shaped liquid curtain in the chamber, which comes into countercurrent or parallel flow contact with the catalyst particles, thereby enhancing the mass transfer efficiency and the effect of pollutant removal.

[0182] The ultrasonic heat exchanger 533 is embedded in the side wall of the cleaning and regeneration chamber 531, and has the dual functions of ultrasonic cavitation and precise temperature control. Its ultrasonic module excites high-frequency cavitation bubbles in the cleaning fluid, generating a local high-temperature and high-pressure microenvironment and strong micro-jet, which effectively breaks up the organic fouling film on the catalyst surface, deagglomerates, and removes pore blockages. Its heat exchange module regulates the temperature inside the chamber in real time (preferably maintained at 30–50℃), which not only avoids the degradation of catalyst crystal structure caused by high temperature, but also improves the reaction kinetics and cavitation intensity of the cleaning fluid, achieving synergistic effect of "temperature control-ultrasound".

[0183] The ultraviolet LED array 534 is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the cleaning and regeneration chamber 531 with the light-emitting surface facing downwards. It is coaxially arranged with the annular nozzle array 532 to ensure that the ultraviolet light penetrates the cleaning liquid curtain vertically and irradiates the catalyst particles throughout the entire cross-section. The selected ultraviolet LED has a center wavelength of 254 nm or 365 nm (matched according to the catalyst type). It can simultaneously excite the photocatalytic self-cleaning effect (such as the generation of active oxygen on the TiO2 surface) or directly induce the photolysis of organic pollutants in the presence of the cleaning liquid. It forms a triple coupling mechanism of "ultraviolet / ultrasound / chemical cleaning" with the annular nozzle array 532 and the ultrasonic heat exchanger 533, which significantly improves the removal rate of recalcitrant adsorbents and the regeneration level of hydroxyl density on the catalyst surface.

[0184] Specifically, it also includes a water quality feedback module 70, which includes:

[0185] COD sensor 701 integrated at the outlet of the post-treatment chamber 30;

[0186] pH sensor 702 integrated at the outlet of pretreatment chamber 10;

[0187] Dissolved oxygen sensor 703 integrated in the middle of photocatalytic reaction chamber 20;

[0188] The detection signals from the COD sensor 701, pH sensor 702, and dissolved oxygen sensor 703 are all connected to the main control system. The main control system is configured to determine the effluent water quality based on the combination logic of the three signals, and to control the acid and alkali addition actions of the pH regulator 12, the aeration intensity of the DO regulator 13, and the opening and closing status of the return water pipe 704.

[0189] The inlet flange of the return water pipe 704 is connected to the drain outlet of the post-treatment chamber 30, and the outlet flange is connected to the inlet of the pre-treatment chamber 10.

[0190] This device achieves efficient degradation and resource utilization of organic wastewater through three-stage synergistic treatment: a pretreatment chamber 10, a photocatalytic reaction chamber 20, and a post-treatment chamber 30. Combined with intelligent control of a magnetic catalyst circulation system 50, a dynamic light source module 40, a flow-guiding aeration integrated mechanism 60, and a water quality feedback module 70, it achieves efficient degradation and resource utilization of organic wastewater. The detailed working principle and process are as follows:

[0191] I. Pretreatment Chamber 10 Workflow

[0192] Inlet water and suspended solids filtration

[0193] Wastewater first enters the pretreatment chamber 10, where solid-liquid separation is performed by rotating purification disc 11.

[0194] The rotating purification disc 11 is driven by a motor 114 and a rotating shaft 111, which drives the multi-layer annular filter screen 112 (including a coarse filter layer 1121 and a fine filter layer 1122) to rotate, trapping large particulate suspended matter.

[0195] When the filter screen becomes clogged, the high-pressure backwash line 113 is activated to backwash the bottom filter screen, and the impurities flushed out are discharged through the impurity collection component 14 (including the impurity collection box 141 and the flexible telescopic tube 142).

[0196] Dynamic pH adjustment

[0197] pH adjustment component 12 stores acid and alkali solutions through acid and alkali storage tank 121 (including acid storage chamber 122 and alkali storage chamber 123).

[0198] The first servo motor 1241 drives the half-tooth gear 1242, which in turn drives the reciprocating movable frame 1244 to move horizontally. Through the hinged telescopic rod 1246, the first rotating tube 1223 and the second rotating tube 1233 swing together, causing the acid nozzle 1225 and the alkali nozzle 1235 to perform arc-shaped sweeping spraying in the cavity, ensuring uniform mixing of the agents.

[0199] The pH sensor 702 monitors the pH of the effluent in real time and feeds back to the main control system to adjust the amount of acid and alkali added.

[0200] Dissolved oxygen (DO) enhancement

[0201] The second servo motor 133 of the DO regulator 13 drives the first active gear 134, which in turn drives the first driven gear 132 to rotate, causing the swirling aeration head 135 on the side wall of the central conveying rod 131 to spray out tangential airflow, forming a swirling flow inside the pretreatment chamber 10, thereby improving the oxygen mass transfer efficiency.

[0202] II. Photocatalytic Reaction Chamber 20 Degradation Process

[0203] Dynamic light source supply

[0204] The Fresnel lens 41 focuses natural light through the light-transmitting plate 42 into the central guide channel 44 of the multi-channel rotating reaction cylinder 43, thereby activating the catalyst.

[0205] The ring-shaped LED supplementary lighting array 45 is embedded in the side wall of the edge spiral guide channel 46, which automatically supplements the light when the light is insufficient, forming a spatiotemporally complementary light source with natural light.

[0206] Synergistic enhancement of flow field and mass transfer

[0207] The third servo motor 605 of the integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism 60 drives the second active gear 606, which in turn drives the second driven gear 602 to rotate, causing the push-flow stirring paddle 603 on the side wall of the hollow air delivery rod 601 to generate swirling flow.

[0208] The microporous ceramic aerator head 604 aerates in the opposite direction along the spiral path of the impeller 603. The bubbles collide with the swirling flow in the opposite direction, which prolongs the gas-liquid contact time and improves the dissolved oxygen content and mass transfer efficiency.

[0209] Photocatalytic reaction process

[0210] Wastewater flows alternately through the central guide channel 44 and the edge spiral guide channel 46. Under dynamic illumination, photogenerated electron-hole pairs are generated on the surface of the magnetic catalyst, decomposing organic pollutants into harmless substances such as CO2 and H2O.

[0211] III. Post-treatment chamber 30 and catalyst circulation process

[0212] Deep filtration and catalyst recovery

[0213] After the reaction, the wastewater enters the post-treatment chamber 30, and the residual pollutants are adsorbed by the composite filtration module 31 (including the activated carbon fiber layer 311, the ceramic membrane layer 312, the ultrafiltration membrane layer 313 and the antibacterial cotton layer 314).

[0214] The high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix 514 (coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating 515) of the electromagnetic separation and recovery device 51 adsorbs the magnetic catalyst in the wastewater. After the adsorption is completed, the ultrasonic generator 516 is started, and the catalyst is shaken off and temporarily stored in the sealed lifting bin 511.

[0215] Catalyst regeneration and recycling

[0216] The catalyst is transported to the on-line cleaning and regeneration device 53 through the negative pressure conveying pipeline 52:

[0217] The annular nozzle array 532 sprays acid solution to remove surface pollutants;

[0218] The ultrasonic heat exchanger 533 ultrasonically peels off deep impurities;

[0219] The ultraviolet LED array 534 irradiates to restore the surface activity of the catalyst.

[0220] The regenerated catalyst returns to the feeding port of the photocatalytic reaction chamber 20 to complete the closed-loop cycle.

[0221] IV. Intelligent feedback and water quality regulation

[0222] The water quality feedback module 70 monitors the effluent indexes in real time through the COD sensor 701, the pH sensor 702 and the dissolved oxygen sensor 703.

[0223] The main control system controls in linkage according to the sensor data:

[0224] Adjust the acid-base dosing amount of the pH adjusting part 12;

[0225] Adjust the aeration intensity of the DO adjusting part 13;

[0226] Control the opening and closing of the return water pipe 704, and return the unqualified water to the pretreatment chamber 10 for secondary treatment.

[0227] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprises", "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0228] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater, characterized in that, include: The interconnected pretreatment chamber (10), photocatalytic reaction chamber (20), and posttreatment chamber (30) are arranged sequentially along the water flow direction; The pretreatment chamber (10) is equipped with a rotating purification plate (11), a pH adjustment device (12) and a DO adjustment device (13). Its outlet is connected to the inlet of the photocatalytic reaction chamber (20) through a pipe, providing a stable water quality foundation with low suspended solids content, pH matching and sufficient dissolved oxygen for the photocatalytic reaction. The dynamic light source module (40), integrated on the top and inside of the photocatalytic reaction chamber (20), includes: A Fresnel lens (41) focuses natural light through a light-transmitting plate (42) into the central guide channel (44) of the multi-channel reversing reaction cylinder (43); The ring-shaped LED supplementary light array (45) is embedded in the side wall of the edge spiral guide channel (46) of the multi-channel flip reaction cylinder (43), and is coaxial and complementary with the focusing light path of the Fresnel lens (41); The magnetic catalyst circulation system (50) includes: An electromagnetic separator and recovery unit (51) is located at the water inlet of the post-treatment chamber (30) to adsorb and recover the magnetic catalyst. The negative pressure conveying pipeline (52) is connected to the electromagnetic separator and recovery unit (51) and the feed port of the photocatalytic reaction chamber (20) to convey the regenerated catalyst; An online cleaning and regenerator (53) is integrated in the middle section of the delivery pipeline (52) to perform acid washing, ultrasonic and ultraviolet regeneration; The integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism (60) runs through the center of the photocatalytic reaction chamber (20) and includes: The hollow air delivery rod (601) has a propulsion agitator (603) spirally arranged along the outer wall of the hollow air delivery rod (601) to form a swirling flow to enhance mass transfer; Microporous ceramic aeration heads (604) are evenly distributed at the lower end of the propulsion agitator (603), and the aeration bubbles are opposite to the flow vortex path; Through the dynamic adaptation of the influent water quality by the pretreatment chamber (10), the spatiotemporal complementary supply of light energy by the dynamic light source module (40), the synergistic enhancement of the reaction flow field by the integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism (60), and the closed-loop maintenance of catalytic activity by the magnetic catalyst circulation system (50), the efficient degradation and resource utilization of organic wastewater are achieved.

2. The photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating purification disc (11) includes a rotating shaft (111) driven by a motor (114), a multi-layer annular filter screen (112) evenly distributed on the rotating shaft (111) in the circumference, and a high-pressure backflushing pipeline (113). The multi-layer annular filter (112) is composed of a coarse filter layer (1121) and a fine filter layer (1122) stacked together; The high-pressure backwash pipeline (113) is connected to an external high-pressure water source at its inlet and is positioned opposite to the bottom ring filter screen (112) at its outlet. The backwash water flow direction is opposite to the filter water flow direction. The impurity collection element (14) is disposed at the slag discharge port of the pretreatment chamber (10), and includes: Impurity collection box (141) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the photocatalytic reaction chamber; The flexible telescopic tube (142) has a flange at one end connected to the discharge port at the top of the impurity collection box (141), and the other end is magnetically connected to the high-pressure backflushing port of the pretreatment chamber (10).

3. The photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pH adjusting element (12) includes: An acid and alkali storage tank (121) is fixedly installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber (10), and its interior is divided into an acid storage chamber (122) and an alkali storage chamber (123). One end of the acid delivery pipe (1221) is connected to the acid storage chamber (122), and the other end is movably connected to the first rotating pipe (1223) through the first movable adapter (1222). The first rotating pipe (1223) is movably installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber (10) through the first bearing seat (1224), and its bottom end extends vertically downward into the pretreatment chamber (10) and is fixedly installed with an acid nozzle (1225). One end of the alkali delivery pipe (1231) is connected to the alkali storage chamber (123), and the other end is movably connected to the second rotating pipe (1233) through the second movable adapter (1232). The second rotating pipe (1233) is movably installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber (10) through the second bearing seat (1234), and its bottom end extends vertically downward into the pretreatment chamber (10) and is fixedly installed with an alkali spray nozzle (1235). The first rotating tube (1223) and the second rotating tube (1233) are driven by the same reciprocating rotating mechanism (124) to achieve synchronous reciprocating oscillation, so that the acid nozzle (1225) and the alkali nozzle (1235) make arc sweeping motion in the cross section of the pretreatment chamber (10).

4. The photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reciprocating rotation mechanism (124) includes: The first servo motor (1241) is fixedly installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber (10), and a half-tooth gear (1242) is fixedly installed on its output end. The reciprocating frame (1244) is movably installed on the top of the pretreatment chamber (10) via the guide rail (1243). Its interior is a hollow cuboid structure, and horizontal racks (1245) are symmetrically fixed on the inner sidewalls. The half-tooth gears (1242) alternately mesh with the horizontal racks (1245) on both sides during the translation of the reciprocating frame (1244) along the guide rail (1243). One end of the hinged telescopic rod (1246) is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating tube (1223) and the second rotating tube (1233) by a key connection, and the other end is hinged to the side wall of the reciprocating movable frame (1244) by a pin, so that the linear motion of the reciprocating movable frame (1244) is converted into the reciprocating swing of the first rotating tube (1223) and the second rotating tube (1233).

5. The photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater according to claim 4, characterized in that, The DO regulating element (13) includes: The central conveying rod (131) is installed in the center of the pretreatment chamber (10). Its top end is fixed to the top wall of the pretreatment chamber (10) through a bearing seat, and its bottom end penetrates the bottom of the pretreatment chamber (10) and is fixedly fitted with the first driven gear (132). The bottom end is connected to the external air supply end. A second servo motor (133) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the pretreatment chamber (10), and a first drive gear (134) is fixedly installed at its output end. The first drive gear (134) meshes with the first driven gear (132). The swirling aeration heads (135) are evenly distributed around the side wall of the central conveying rod (131), and their outlet direction is parallel to the tangential direction of the central conveying rod (131), so that the aeration airflow forms a stable swirling flow in the pretreatment chamber (10).

6. The photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater according to claim 5, characterized in that, The integrated flow guiding and aeration mechanism (60) includes: A hollow gas delivery rod (601) is installed in the center of the photocatalytic reaction chamber (20). The bottom end of the hollow gas delivery rod (601) passes through the bottom of the photocatalytic reaction chamber and is fixedly fitted with a second driven gear (602). The bottom end is connected to the external gas supply end. The push-flow stirring paddle (603) is evenly distributed along the thread path on the side wall of the hollow air delivery rod (601), and microporous ceramic aeration heads (604) are evenly distributed on its lower end face. The microporous ceramic aeration heads (604) are connected to the internal air passage of the hollow air delivery rod (601). A third servo motor (605) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the photocatalytic reaction chamber, and a second drive gear (606) is fixedly installed at its output end. The second drive gear (606) meshes with the second driven gear (602). The spiral angle of the pusher agitator (603) is opposite to that of the edge spiral guide channel (46) of the multi-channel overturning reaction cylinder (43), so that the pusher direction is in the same direction as the guide path of the central guide channel (44).

7. The photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater according to claim 6, characterized in that, The post-processing chamber (30) is equipped with a composite filtration module (31), which includes: An activated carbon fiber layer (311), a ceramic membrane layer (312), an ultrafiltration membrane layer (313), and an antibacterial cotton layer (314) are stacked and tightly bonded together in sequence along the water flow direction. The activated carbon fiber layer (311), ceramic membrane layer (312), ultrafiltration membrane layer (313) and antibacterial cotton layer (314) are movably disposed in the post-processing chamber (30) via a magnetic disassembly frame (315).

8. The photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater according to claim 7, characterized in that, The electromagnetic separator and recovery unit (51) includes: A sealed lifting chamber (511) is located above the water inlet of the post-treatment chamber (30), and an electric gate (512) is provided at its bottom. A high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix (514) is vertically installed in a sealed lifting chamber (511) via a multi-stage electric telescopic rod (513), and the surface of the high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix (514) is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating (515). An ultrasonic generator (516) is embedded in a high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix (514). The axis of the high-gradient electromagnetic rod matrix (514) is perpendicular to the axis of the water inlet pipe of the post-treatment chamber (30), so that the catalyst-containing water flows perpendicularly through the electromagnetic rod matrix (514).

9. The photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater according to claim 8, characterized in that, The online cleaning and regenerator (53) includes: A cylindrical cleaning and regeneration chamber (531) is integrated in series in the middle section of the negative pressure conveying pipeline (52). An annular nozzle array (532) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the cleaning and regeneration chamber (531), with its nozzles facing downwards and evenly covering the cross-section of the cleaning and regeneration chamber (531). An ultrasonic heat exchanger (533) is embedded in the side wall of the cleaning and regeneration chamber (531). An ultraviolet LED array (534) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the cleaning and regeneration chamber (531), with its light-emitting surface facing downward and coaxially arranged with the annular nozzle array (532).

10. The photocatalytic degradation device for organic wastewater according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a water quality feedback module (70), which includes: COD sensor (701) integrated at the outlet of the post-treatment chamber (30); A pH sensor (702) is integrated at the outlet of the pretreatment chamber (10). Dissolved oxygen sensor (703) integrated in the middle of the photocatalytic reaction chamber (20); The detection signals of the COD sensor (701), pH sensor (702) and dissolved oxygen sensor (703) are connected to the main control system. The main control system is configured to determine the quality of the effluent based on the combination logic of the three signals, and to control the acid and alkali addition actions of the pH regulator (12), the aeration intensity of the DO regulator (13), and the opening and closing status of the return water pipe (704). The inlet flange of the return water pipe (704) is connected to the drain outlet of the post-treatment chamber (30), and the outlet flange is connected to the inlet of the pre-treatment chamber (10).

Images